Works Cited

Harris, Harry. "Man Charged in Oakland Sex Assault, Human Trafficking Case." East Bay Times, East

Bay Times, 18 Sept. 2017,

www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/09/15/man-charged-in-oakland-sex-assault-human-trafficking-case

Khadaroo, Stacy Teicher. "Human Trafficking: California Keeps a Closer Eye on Recruiters."The

Christian Science Monitor, The Christian Science Monitor, 25 Jan. 2016,

projects.csmonitor.com/human-trafficking-california-keeps-a-closer-eye-on-recruiters.

"Labor Trafficking." Polaris, Charity Navigator, 26 Oct. 2017,

polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/labor-trafficking.

Lillie, Michelle. "Top 3 States for Human Trafficking." Human Trafficking Search, 2013,

humantraffickingsearch.org/top-3-states-for-human-trafficking/.

Meceola Human Trafficking Task Force. "Sex Trafficking-Is It Here?" Slide Player, Daniel Cummings,

2018, slideplayer.com/slide/8659225/.

"Reauthorizing the Trafficking Victims Protection Act." Polaris, Charity Navigator, 26 Oct. 2017,

polarisproject.org/blog/2017/06/29/reauthorizing-trafficking-victims-protection-act.

Reinhardt, Laura. "Child Trafficking Survivor Begins New Life at Trauma Recovery Center."World

Vision, 22 Dec. 2016,

www.worldvision.org/child-protection-news-stories/child-trafficking-survivor-begins-new-life-tra

uma-recovery-center.

"Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000." U.S. Department of State, U.S.

Department of State, 28 Oct. 2000, www.state.gov/j/tip/laws/61124.htm.

"What Are the Statistics on Human Trafficking of Children?" Ark of Hope for Children, 30 July 2017,

23:37, arkofhopeforchildren.org/child-trafficking/child-trafficking-statistics.

Works Consulted
"About the Problem ." Human Trafficking Center, 2016, humantraffickingcenter.org/problem/.

"California Proposition 35, Ban on Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery (2012)." Ballotpedia, 2012,

ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_35,_Ban_on_Human_Trafficking_and_Sex_Slavery_(2012

).

"Current Laws Against Human Trafficking." Prop 35 Is Law. Use It., 2012, www.caseact.org/learn/law/.

Katz, Jackson. "Violence against Women -- It's a Men's Issue." TED: Ideas Worth Spreading, Nov. 2012,

www.ted.com/talks/jackson_katz_violence_against_women_it_s_a_men_s_issue#t-1044943.

"Reauthorizing the Trafficking Victims Protection Act." Polaris, Charity Navigator, 26 Oct. 2017,

polarisproject.org/blog/2017/06/29/reauthorizing-trafficking-victims-protection-act.

"Sex Trafficking | Human Trafficking for Sex." End Slavery Now, Underground Railroad Freedom

Center, 2018, www.endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/sex-trafficking.

"The Crime of Human Trafficking in California Penal Code 236.1 PC." SHOUSE CALIFORNIA LAW

GROUP, 2018, humantraffickingsearch.org/top-3-states-for-human-trafficking/.

Interviews
Interview Questions: Kyle Hern
● What exactly do you do in relation to human trafficking?
○ I am currently about to board a plane off to cambodia with the private organization I
teamed up with for my senior project. I'm going to assist in identifying locations that are
using human trafficking.
○ I work with clubs within my school, the FBI asks us to assist them in cases. There's
really only so much someone in uniform can do.
● When and how did you develop a passion for victims of human trafficking?
○ My senior year at northgate, I didn’t have a project. I missed a lot of the due dates
because I was searching for a project I felt passionate about. My youth pastor Bill
Mckinley referred me to an anti human trafficking organization.
○ My parents told me they don't want me to use human trafficking as my topic but I ignored
them because I felt it was what God was calling me to do.
○ God and my faith has really developed my passion. I realize that after my project I took a
lot of the credit for what I did but I should have given all the glory to God.
● What type of human trafficking cases have you seen?
○ Recently the club I was involved in was working to uncover human trafficking at a nail
salon.
○ Things like that
 ○ Human trafficking is extremely prominent in California especially down where I
currently live in LA.
● Do you believe legislation in the United States is currently working effectively to combat human
trafficking?
○ Legislation needs to be better especially in spots where trafficking is most prominent. Its
as simple as that.
● How can members of a community make a differences regarding human trafficking?
○ It starts with a communities faith. No one's going to get anywhere without God. There's a
reason law enforcement comes to the clubs and organizations im in and it’s because we
have faith with us.
○ Also just being aware the issue.
○ We definitely need to start teaching our boys to become Men! Nowadays boys aren't
being taught how to act like men and its a problem.
● Any other comments you have?
○ I've said it many times already, but your faith will bring you farther than anyone without.
○ God wants us to look out for eachother, God with help us combat evil.

Place Visit
Trauma Sensitivity: by Kathryn Burroughs
Tuesday February 20, 2018 I Nicholas Stark attended a 4 hour Trauma 101 course.

As a walked into the classroom which was suite 201 in the complex addressed 2151 on Salvio St.
There was cool air flowing through the air vents, I was there just a little early to make sure I was in the
right place, I looked across the room at three people setting up the pastries and coffee, they looked back
and greeted me telling me I can take a seat anywhere Ide like.
I didn’t know what to expect at first but the women in charge of the course made sure I felt
comfortable.
More and more people started to come in and find seats kind of spread out to feel isolated. But eventually
all the seats were filled up and no one could be alone. There were approximately 25 people all adults.

The one who was incharge of presenting the material started by introducing herself, Kathryn Burroughs,
and what we would be learning today, Trauma 101,
She stated that she got to where she is because of the​ ​executive order given by the Obama Administration
to have trauma training courses throughout American communities.
She stated the purpose of the course was to,​ ​build our capacity to deliver trauma informed care
with more compassion for ourselves and others.​ ​Also ​to identify types of trauma and adversities that
people experience. ​We are going to learn how to​ ​acknowledge the impact of exposure to trauma, ​and
understand the impact on the brain, physiology, and behavior.
She subtly said that were were going to​ ​utilize tools to sustain yourself​, but I didn’t understand
the importance of that part till the end of the seminar.
Mrs. Burroughs explained why each table was supplied with colored pencils and blank color in sheets,
teachers in school hate when their kids doodle during lectures but it's actually a neat way to obtain
information.

Mrs. Burroughs, asked what organizations were here today, the class began to raise their hands to answer
saying; ​Rubicon, Fellish of Hope, AW Consulting, Realize Potential INC., YTH, John Swett USD, Dads
club INC, Lighthouse Mentoring Center, Public Health, Foster youth, Homeless youth, STAND.

Before we start going over any of the important information, Mrs. Burroughs has the class do a ​Nerve
calming activity,​ she had us closer our eyes while she rang a bell like thing to “chimed us in” (We sat
there in peace for about 60 seconds)

Now it begins. Mrs. Burroughs tells us what trauma is,​ ​Trauma is when events overwhelm the ordinary
responses that give people a sense of control, connection, and meaning.
Mrs. Burroughs said that “as a community we are being affected”
She clicked to the next slide that had a diagram listing all the different types of trauma;
Dignity Violations, Individual trauma, physical abuse, single event, ongoing, collective, participatory and
survivors trauma. ​ ​The class agreed that a​ dignity violation trauma is the most common trauma.
Someone also pointed out that the nation had just gone through a ​collective trauma after the shooting in
florida. Collective traumas are also very common throughout specific communities when dealing with
poverty and also ICE tearing apart families.

The next powerpoint correlated with the discussion the class was having showing all the things that go on
in a community; racism, sexual abuse, genderism, deaths, accidents, and ect.
Someone even turned to the elephant in the room which is the Trump administration.

Mrs. Burroughs had the class do an activity, she gave everyone a rock to put in their shoe, she had us
walk around the courtyard outside while she proceeded to rush us and put us under dires.
I thought at first this activity would be a waste of time but understanding that everyone had a
different rock, some hard, some pointy, showed me that it's not necessarily about what event happened to
an individual but instead how that individual reacts.​ ​Everyone has trauma, some more than others some
worse than others, you can’t always see someones trauma.

After going over the activity we turned to how people respond to trauma. Mrs. Burroughs, ​“When we
experience trauma we are forever changed” Trauma changes your body's responses, the way you react.
When you carry trauma most people begin to show symptoms but unfortunately most people aren't
educated on what those symptoms look like.​ ​Forgetfulness, tension in shoulders, headache, and never
quite feeling safe are only some of the symptoms of trauma.

Now that we know people after experiencing trauma are never the same, we need to learn what happens in
our brains that makes that happen.​ When someone goes through a traumatic event their brain goes into
survival mode, quickly pushing the Rational part of your brain away. Something has just triggered the
brain into survival mode.​ I use the word triggered because it was a key point that Mrs. Burroughs was
making in the seminar.
“A trigger represents a piece of information your body stored as a marker of a time when you experienced
trauma.”
We did class activity where 4 volunteers to represent each part of your brain that is “used” when
becoming triggered. The activity showed the class how​ ​unreasonable one can act when becoming
triggered.
Triggers can include persons, places, things, sounds, smells, expressions and ect.
After the in class discussion about triggers we did a stretching activity to reactivate our nerve system.
The next point of order is how us as people taking the class can trauma.​ ​Personal hearing about trauma
from someone can give one person trauma, that trauma can then be passed from you into your office or
place of work and then from there in to your entire organization eventually becoming trauma to your
community. ​This is known as ​secondary trauma. ​How does secondary trauma affect us? ​ ​Secondary can
cause us to have chronic exhaustion, physical ailments, cynicism, change in worldview, impact on
self-perception, hopelessness, and ect.
Mrs. Burroughs said that she once lost faith in humanity, her job showed her some of the worst of
the worst that humanity can give and it traumatized her, she ended up getting really sick and needing to
go to the doctor. Ultimately she said she just needed some ​self care​.
When Mrs. Burroughs brought the idea of self care, the class broke out into discussion. A man
named ​Darren who is a life coach and who specializes in care, said, “find your lane on self care! Don’t
compromise!”

The class brought up that children aren't being educated on how to self care, instead​ ​“they're looking at us
to help those who sink to the bottom. Not teaching those at the top,” Nicole (woman sitting in front of
me). ​ ​Everyone shared the idea that teachers don’t know how to identify and deal with trauma. Someone
shared how there are kids in kindergarten and preschool in being expelled for defiance.

After that large discussion we took a 20 minute lunch break. During the break many of the people were
up and about talking to one and another about the organizations they are representing. One of the men
turned to me and stated “your peer group really needs you” that was a call to action. At that moment I
realized that everyone in the room was approximately 40 years of age and above. Dealing mostly with
youth my age and below. I realized that it's time my age group takes initiative.

After the break Mrs. Burroughs went over​ ​priority #1 which is to create safety and well-being.​ ​She
proposed that instead of people asking “what is wrong with you?” you ask “What happened to you”​ ​this
points out a huge problem with society nowadays. No one is taking the time to understand someone's
circumstances but instead holds everyone to certain standards.

We learned its key to try and support peoples dignity.

Mrs. Burroughs provided the class with a handout “finger hold to manage emotions” turns out that each
finger represents different parts of your nerve system, for example​ enable to balance your anger you can
squeeze your middle finger or if your anxious you can squeeze your ring finger.
The entire second half of the seminar’s focus was about self care. Mrs. Burroughs said,​ ​“Self care is
important to prevent and assist in the fight against trauma.”

The class provided a​ ​self care wheel​ ​with all the different ways to selfcare​ ​every category of someones
life: physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, personal, and professional.

Mrs. Burroughs had everyone review the wheel and compare it to each other's lives. We had to talk to our
tablemates on what we thought we are doing well and what we should be doing. After about 10-15
minutes, each group shared their discussions with the class.

Finally Mrs. Burroughs thanked everyone for coming and ended class with a “shakeout” where we shaked
our arms and legs out to get the nervous system awake.

Class was over and I said my goodbyes, I made many new friends that day and look forward to seeing
them on thursday for the next seminar.