BiNOSView User Guide - C

BATM Inter Networking
Operating System Web
Management
User Guide
BiNOSView Software User Guide

May 2005
MN100110 Rev C
BiNOSView User Guide
Contents
PREFACE ...............................................................................................................................................5
PURPOSE ...............................................................................................................................................5
INTENDED AUDIENCE ...........................................................................................................................5
RELATED PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................................................5
SUPPORTED RELEASES .........................................................................................................................5
GETTING TECHNICAL SUPPORT ............................................................................................................6
PRODUCT OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................................7
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................7
COMPLETE CLI SUPPORT .....................................................................................................................7
BINOS MULTI-LAYER FEATURE SETS .................................................................................................7
ACCESSING BINOSVIEW ..................................................................................................................9
BINOSCENTER ACCESS .......................................................................................................................9
BTIVIEW ACCESS ................................................................................................................................9
WEB ACCESS .......................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCING THE GUI.................................................................................................................14
DESCRIPTION OF MENUS ....................................................................................................................14
SWITCH IP PARAMETERS (LAYER 2, VDSL).......................................................................................16
SETTING THE SYSTEM PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................17
System Name .................................................................................................................................17
SNMP Communities ......................................................................................................................18
PROTOCOL SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................20
PROTOCOL OPTIONS ...........................................................................................................................20
SPANNING TREE AND RAPID SPANNING TREE ....................................................................................20
MULTIPLE SPANNING TREE ................................................................................................................22
MSTP Bridge/Timers ....................................................................................................................23
Port per MST Tab .........................................................................................................................24
VLANs per MST Tab .....................................................................................................................25
GVRP (GENERIC VLAN REGISTRATION PROTOCOL).........................................................................26
GMRP (GARP MULTICAST REGISTRATION PROTOCOL)....................................................................27
CONFIGURING CPU MONITORING .............................................................................................29
CONFIGURING PORT MONITOR..................................................................................................30
CONFIGURING PORT PARAMETERS ..........................................................................................31
PORT PROPERTIES...............................................................................................................................31
PORT STP PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................................33
Port STP........................................................................................................................................33
Port Rapid STP .............................................................................................................................35
Port Multiple STP .........................................................................................................................36
PORT STATISTICS ................................................................................................................................38
PORT GRAPHS .....................................................................................................................................41
PORT HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................42
PORT HISTORY GRAPH .......................................................................................................................43
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) .................................................................................................................45
ADVANTAGES OF A VIRTUAL LAN (VLAN) ......................................................................................45
VLAN DESCRIPTION ..........................................................................................................................45
A Single-Switch VLAN Network ....................................................................................................45
VLANs over a Multiple-Switch Network .......................................................................................45
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VLAN Tagging ..............................................................................................................................47

CONFIGURING VLANS .......................................................................................................................47
Adding VLANs...............................................................................................................................48
Removing a Port from a VLAN .....................................................................................................49
Adding Subnets and Attaching VLANs ..........................................................................................50
Removing a VLAN from a Subnet..................................................................................................51
Deleting a Subnet..........................................................................................................................51
Adding a port (member) to a VLAN ..............................................................................................51
Removing a Port Member from a VLAN .......................................................................................52
LINK AGGREGATION GROUPS (TRUNKS) ................................................................................53
ADDING A NEW PORT TO A STATIC TRUNK ........................................................................................54
REMOVING A PORT FROM A STATIC TRUNK........................................................................................55
VIEWING THE STATIC TRUNK STATISTICS ..........................................................................................56
VIEWING THE STATIC TRUNK CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................56
CONFIGURING A RESILIENT LINK .............................................................................................58
ADDING PORTS TO THE RESILIENT LINK .............................................................................................59
REMOVING PORT FROM THE RESILIENT LINK .....................................................................................60
REMOVING A RESILIENT LINK ............................................................................................................60
SETTING A PORT AS PREFERRED .........................................................................................................61
REMOVING THE PREFERRED DEFINITION FROM A PORT ......................................................................62
SETTING A PORT AS ACTIVE ...............................................................................................................62
VIEWING THE RESILIENT LINK CONFIGURATION ................................................................................63
VDSL GLOBAL CONFIGURATION................................................................................................64
SETTING A GLOBAL PROFILE ..............................................................................................................64
SPECIFYING REMOTE MODEM POWER TO ETSI LIMIT ........................................................................65
DISABLING AUTOMATIC REMOTE MODEM SEARCH ...........................................................................65
LAYER 3 FEATURES.........................................................................................................................67
ACCESS CONTROL LIST (ACL)...........................................................................................................67
Adding a New Standard ACL ........................................................................................................68
Adding a New Extended ACL........................................................................................................70
Attaching an ACL to a Port...........................................................................................................82
Adding / Editing Rate Limit ..........................................................................................................83
ISP (INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER)...................................................................................................84
Adding an ISP Uplink Port ...........................................................................................................84
Adding an ISP User Port ..............................................................................................................86
Deleting an ISP Uplink Port .........................................................................................................86
Deleting an ISP User Port ............................................................................................................87
ROUTING PROTOCOLS CONFIGURATION .............................................................................................87
OSPF Protocol..............................................................................................................................87
OSPF Redistribute Tab ............................................................................................................88
OSPF General Configuration Tab ...........................................................................................89
OSPF Interface Tab .................................................................................................................91
OSPF IfMetric (Interface Metric) Tab .....................................................................................94
OSPF Virtual Interface Tab .....................................................................................................95
OSPF Neighbor Tab.................................................................................................................97
OSPF Areas Tables ..................................................................................................................99
OSPF Area Tab ........................................................................................................................99
OSPF Stub Area Tab .............................................................................................................. 101
OSPF Area Aggregate Tab .................................................................................................... 103
VRRP Protocol............................................................................................................................ 105
VRRP Virtual Group Tab ....................................................................................................... 106
VRRP IP address Associated with virtual ID Tab.................................................................. 108
IP Routing Table ......................................................................................................................... 109
RIP Protocol ............................................................................................................................... 111
Redistribute RIP and Configuration....................................................................................... 112
Redistribute RIP Tab.............................................................................................................. 112
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RIP Configuration Tab........................................................................................................... 113

REPORTS ...........................................................................................................................................116
DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 116
FDB TABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 118
FIB TABLE ....................................................................................................................................... 119
DHCP REPORT TABLES .................................................................................................................... 120
DHCP Packets Tab ..................................................................................................................... 121
DHCP Misc View Tab................................................................................................................. 122
DHCP Static Hosts Tab .............................................................................................................. 123
DHCP Range Table Tab ............................................................................................................. 124
DHCP Dynamic Host Tab........................................................................................................... 125
DHCP Subnet Table Tab............................................................................................................. 126
DHCP Options Tab..................................................................................................................... 127
DHCP Port Tab .......................................................................................................................... 129
DHCP VLAN Tab........................................................................................................................ 130
DHCP Interface Tab ................................................................................................................... 131
ROUTING PROTOCOLS REPORT ......................................................................................................... 131
OSPF Report Tables ................................................................................................................... 132
OSPF Host Table ................................................................................................................... 133
OSPF Area Range Table ........................................................................................................ 134
OSPF Link State Database..................................................................................................... 135
OSPF Virtual Neighbor Information Table............................................................................ 136
OSPF External LS Database Table........................................................................................ 138
RIP Report Tables....................................................................................................................... 139
Global RIP Tab ...................................................................................................................... 140
Statistics RIP Report Table .................................................................................................... 140
Peer RIP Report Table ........................................................................................................... 141
VRRP Report Tables ................................................................................................................... 142
VRRP Error Statistics Table .................................................................................................. 143
VRRP Statistics Table............................................................................................................. 144
STP STATUS REPORT........................................................................................................................ 146
MULTIPLE STP STATUS REPORT ...................................................................................................... 147
MSTP Timers Tab ....................................................................................................................... 148
MSTP Instance Tab..................................................................................................................... 149
Port Per MST Instance Tab ........................................................................................................ 150
PORTS STATUS REPORT .................................................................................................................... 152
PORTS COUNTERS REPORT ............................................................................................................... 155
GENERAL COMMANDS .................................................................................................................158
RESETTING THE SWITCH ................................................................................................................... 158
POLLING ........................................................................................................................................... 158
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Preface
Purpose
This user guide describes the setup and use of BiNOSView. BiNOSView is a Java™
application that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for configuring and managing your
Telco Systems switches. The acronym BiNOS™ stands for the BATM InterNetworking
Operating System.
BiNOSView, also referred to as “device configuring GUI”, provides a friendly, easy-to-use
GUI for optimizing switch performance. You can increase network security by designating
managers, blocking access to certain ports and defining VLANs. Status reports are available
for the spanning tree for all Layers. Forwarding Information Table (FIB), routing protocols
and other features are available for Layer 3. BiNOSView provides convenient access to
SNMP, as well as simplified management of unit resetting, polling and passwords.
Intended Audience
This guide is intended for network managers who are responsible for monitoring and
managing Local Area Networks (LANs). It assumes basic working knowledge of the
following:
• LANs
• Virtual LANs
• Ethernet switching and bridging concepts
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Routing concepts
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Related Publications
Some publications offering further information related to the operation and management of
the Telco Systems switches can be accessed by registered users at http://www.batm.com.
Supported Releases
Table 1: The Supported Releases
Software Type Release Number
BiNOSView release 3.7.12
BiNOSView release L2 2.5.0
BiNOSView release 3.6.0
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Software Type Release Number
BiNOSCenter release 1.5.4
BTIView (OVW/WIN) release 3.0
Getting Technical Support

Telco Systems provides technical assistance for customers and partners. Users can obtain
technical assistance by any of the following mail, phone, fax and e-mail options:
BATM Advanced Communications – Main Support Center
New Industrial Park POB 203
Yokneam Ilit, 20692
Israel
Tel: +972-4-9096444
Fax: +972-4-9937926
Email: support@batm.co.il
Telco Systems a BATM Company – for Americas
2 Hampshire Street
Suite 3A Foxboro,
MA 02035-2897, USA
Tel: 1-800-227-0937 (U.S.), 1-781-255-2120 (Outside U.S.)
Fax: 781-255-2122
Email: techsupport@telco.com
BATM France – for South Europe
Parc d’Activites des Petits Carreaux
6, Avenue des Bleuets
94 866 Bonneuil sur Marne Cedex
France
Tel: +33 1 56 71 27 73
Fax: +33 1 43 77 17 80
Email: support@batm.fr
BATM China – for Asia Pacific
5/F, Office Tower B, East Gate Plaza,
No.29 DongZhongJie St., 100027,
Beijing China
Direct: +86 10 64182310
Tel: +86 10 6418 1888 ext. 272/269
Mobile: +86 136 411 99 524
Fax: +86 10 6418 2248
Email: vincent@batm.co.il
BATM Germany - for North Europe
Lindener Strasse 15
38300 Wolfenbuttel, Germany
Tel: +49 (0) 5331 - 8824-0
Fax: +49 (0) 5331 - 8824-70
Email: support@batm.de
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Product Overview
General Description
The BiNOSView application can be used as:
• An application that runs from a web server, available on any Telco Systems switch. The
Java™ GUI is downloaded to the switch, and the browser downloads the BiNOSView
application. The Java applets configure the device by using the SNMP protocol. You can
access BiNOSView through Microsoft™ Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher, Netscape
Navigator™ 4.1 or higher, Phoenix or any compatible browser. The Internet Explorer and
the Netscape Navigator are supported in both of their variants, with or without the Sun
Java plug-ins.
• A part of the BiNOSCenter.
• A part of the BTIView plug-in for HP OpenView and SNMPc.
Complete CLI Support

If a specific feature is not supported in the BiNOSView application, it can be set from the
Command Line Interface (CLI). For information about the supported features in the CLI, refer
to the BiNOS User Guide for your product (Layer 2 or Layer 3).
BiNOS Multi-Layer Feature Sets

The features provided in your BiNOS Layer 3 product depend on the package purchased.
The Unit Description (in the Reports menu) for Layer 3 switch products has three
checkboxes indicating which feature-set licenses have been purchased (see Figure 1) for your
switch. The BiNOS-ML checkbox is equivalent to BiNOS Advanced feature set. The
BiNOS-ML –Adv checkbox is equivalent to BiNOS Pro Plus feature-set.
To access the Unit Description, select:
Reports > Description
For additional information, refer to Description.

For more information regarding BiNOS licensing, see the “Software Licensing” chapter in the
BiNOS User Guide.
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Figure 1: License Descriptions for Layer 3 Products
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Accessing BiNOSView
BiNOSCenter Access
In BiNOSCenter, a BiNOSView session starts by double-clicking a device icon in a map. For
more information, please refer to the Launching a Device Management Session chapter in the
BiNOSCenter User Guide.
BTIView Access
In BTIView-OVW, a BiNOSView session starts by selecting a BiNOS device icon from the
OpenView™ network map. On the main menu, click the following to open the BTIView
interactive window:
Tools>BATM> <BiNOS Device name> Management
Figure 2: BTIView-OVW
In SNMPc the same task is accomplished by double-clicking the device icon.

For more information, please refer to “Installing BTIView in SNMPc and HP OpenView” and
the user manual of SNMPc and HP OpenView.
WEB Access
Every Telco Systems switch is supplied with BiNOSView pre-installed. When you access the
IP address of your switch product from your web browser, an applet starts up and launches
the BiNOSView GUI.
To access BiNOSView in your Telco Systems switch:
1. In your web browser, type the IP address of your switch.
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Figure 3: Typing the IP Address of the Switch
The Enter Network Password dialog box appears.
Figure 4: The Enter Network Password Dialog Box
2. The User Name is the Terminal password that has been set from the CLI. The Password is
the Enable password set from the CLI. Enter the respective Terminal and Enable
passwords and click OK.
By default, the Terminal password is batm (lowercase) and there is no Enable password.
Therefore, if using the default passwords, enter batm in the User Name text box and leave
the Password text box blank.
The BiNOSView Management screen appears.
3. In the lower-left corner, click the port icon.
Figure 5: The BiNOSView Management Screen
4. The SNMP Log In screen (which contains the SNMP communities’ configuration)
appears. BiNOSView uses the SNMP protocol to access the device for configuration and
reporting. The switch must be configured to accept the SNMP commands from the user
who runs BiNOSView. Make the appropriate entries and selections according to the
guidelines. The configuration in this dialog box must match the configuration made in the
device. For more information about configuring SNMP in the switch, see “Understanding
and Configuring Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
• SNMPv1 - when selected, the BiNOSView GUI uses SNMP version 1.
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Figure 6: The SNMP Log In Screen for SNMPv1
• SNMPv2 - when selected, the BiNOSView GUI uses SNMP version 2 (using
SNMP version 2 requires the communities text fields to be set to “Read/Write”),
see Figure 7.
• SNMPv3 - when selected, the BiNOSView GUI uses SNMP version 3 (using
SNMP version 3 requires setting up the User Name and the Security Level – see
Figure 8). There are no options for Security Level.
■ Authentication with no privacy - Requires setting up the Authentication
Protocol and Password.
■ Authentication with Privacy - Requires setting up the Authentication and
Privacy Protocol and Password.
5. After filling in the SNMP authorization request, click the Log-In button.
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The following messages appear: “Downloading jar file” status message, followed by -
“Applet initiated”.
Following a “Wait while connecting to target” splash screen, the BiNOSView GUI
appears.
Figure 9: The BiNOSView
Microsoft Internet Explorer requires some special settings for the operation of the
BiNOSView application if it uses the Microsoft Java VM.
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For the browser to work properly, proceed as follows:

1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. In the Tools menu, select Internet Options.
3. In the Internet Option Dialog box, open the Security Tab.
4. Select the correct Internet zone and press the Custom Level button. This will open the
Security Setting dialog box.
5. In the Security Settings dialog box, scroll down and find Microsoft VM. Select the
Custom checkbox as the java permissions. The Java Custom Settings button is enabled.
6. Press Java Custom Settings.
7. Select the Edit Permissions tab. Under Run Unsigned Content select Run in sandbox
and under Access to all Network Addresses select Enable. The Internet window should
appear as in Figure 10.
Figure 10: The Internet Window
8. Click OK in all the windows and restart Internet Explorer.
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Introducing the GUI

The BiNOSView main window displays a graphical representation of the switch’s front panel.
Therefore, the exact GUI will vary, depending on the device type. In the following figures,
notice the green outline on ports 1 and 5 in Slot D. This indicates that the link through these
ports is active. In addition, the LEDs in the BiNOSView main window are updated each time
BiNOSView polls the switch.
Figure 11: Main Window for the T4 Routing Switch
Figure 12: BiNOSView Main Window for the T5C Switch
Figure 13: BiNOSView Main Window for the V24S Switch
Description of Menus
The BiNOSView Menu Bar features the following menus: System, Config, Reports,
Commands, Settings, and Help described in Table 2.
Figure 14: BiNOSView Menu Bar
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Table 2: The Available Menus
Menu Item Option Description
Allows the creation of a new name that appears at the top

Name
of the BiNOSView main window.
System SNMP Sets the SNMP properties that are used by the applet to
Communities access the switch.
Exit Exits the BiNOSView application.
Provides current general parameters regarding the unit,

Global (L2, VDSL)
such as basic IP parameters.
Sets Spanning Tree, Rapid Spanning Tree and Multiple

Protocol Spanning Tree parameters, and enables GVRP or GMRP
for the switch.
Port Monitor Sets the Monitor and Sniffer port.
CPU Monitoring Enables the CPU Monitoring for CPU Utilization.
Ports Sets port properties.
VLANs Configures VLANs.
VLANs/Subnet (L3
Config Configures VLANs and subnets.
only)
Trunk & Resilient

Adds/deletes ports to/from trunks and resilient link.
Link
ACL controlling and managing user and host access and

ACL (L3 only)
permissions.
ISP (L3 only) Adds/deletes uplink ports.
Controls and manages the routing protocols (RIP, OSPF,

Routing Protocols VRRP and IP Route).
(L3 only)
Note: OSPF must be purchased under a special license.
VDSL (VDSL Configures Ethernet-over-VDSL ports, and obtains status

only) and statistics for each port.
Unit information including unit type, application version,

Reports Description boot version, Java version, elapsed time since last reset, and
the MAC address management.
Learning table listing the network devices connected to

FDB Table
each port, including MAC, port and vTag.
Description of the switch overall forwarding table which

FIB Table (L3
merges the IP routing table and the address resolution
only)
protocol (ARP) table.
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Menu Item Option Description
DHCP Tables (L3

Reports about the DHCPs configured on the device.
Only)
Reports about the routing protocols (including RIP, OSPF,

Routing Protocols
VRRP and IP Route) configured on the device as virtual
(L3 only)
router interfaces.
STP Status Reports the current spanning tree (STP) parameters.
Multiple Spanning
Reports about the Multiple Spanning Tree.
Tree
Ports Status Reports the status of all the units’ ports.
Ports Counters Lists the counters for all ports and related parameters.
Reset Switch resetting options.
Refreshes the BiNOSView window and displays the

Commands Poll Now switch’s most recent state.
Save Running
Saves the current settings configuration.
Configuration
Settings Polling Enables polling settings and sets the polling interval.
General device information and software versions numbers:

Help About switch type, application version number, and Java version
number.
Switch IP Parameters (Layer 2, VDSL)

To display the current IP settings for the device:
From the BiNOSView menu, select:
Config > Global
Figure 15: Config Menu – Global Option
The Global Settings screen appears (the screen shown in the figure is of a Layer 2 switch).
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Table 3 describes the fields in the Global Settings screen.

Table 3: The Fields in the Global Settings Screen
Parameter Description
Management The MAC address of the switch. This address is factory pre-set and
MAC Address cannot be changed.
Management IP IP addresses consist of network and station portions. The subnet mask
Address defines the size of the network portion of the address. The remaining
part is the station portion.
Management IP addresses consist of network and station portions. The subnet mask
Subnet Mask defines the size of the network portion of the address. The remaining
part is the station portion.
To close the screen, click Abort.
Setting the System Parameters

The System Menu provides options for setting the system contact information, setting the
SNMP read/write communities, and exiting the system.
Figure 16: The System Menu
System Name
The Name option in the System menu sets the following information: device name, user
contact and device location.
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Figure 17: The Name Option
SNMP Communities
The SNMP Communities option in the System menu sets the SNMP properties used by the
BiNOSView to access the switch. This menu option must be used if the SNMP configuration
of the device is changed through the CLI while the BiNOSView is running.
Figure 18: The SNMP Log In Dialog Box
To set the SNMP parameters:

From the BiNOSView menu, select:
System > SNMP Communities
The SNMP Communities dialog box appears.

Select the required SNMP version according to Table 4.
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Table 4: The Supported SNMP Versions
SNMPv1 Select of the BiNOSView GUI version with SNMP version 1 (using SNMP
version 1 requires the communities’ text fields to be set to “Read/Write”).
SNMPv2 Select of the BiNOSView GUI with SNMP version 2 (using SNMP version 2
requires the communities’ text fields to be set to “Read/Write”).
SNMPv3 Using SNMP version 3 requires setting up the User Name and the Security
Level:
Options for the Security Level: None.
Authentication with no privacy - Requires setting up the Authentication
Protocol and Password.
Authentication with Privacy - Requires setting up the Authentication and
Privacy Protocol and Password.
After filling in the SNMP authorization request, click the Log In button (unsuccessful login
due to SNMP permission error will display either a “Time Out” or “Could not reach target…”
error message).
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Protocol Settings
Protocol Options
The Protocol option in the Config menu provides access to Spanning Tree parameters and
enables/disables GVRP and GMRP.
Figure 19: The Protocol Option in the Config Menu
Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree

The Spanning Tree algorithm dynamically creates a logical network “tree” that prevents loops
in the network. If the Spanning Tree option is enabled, the unit acts as a node in the tree.
Some of the Spanning Tree parameters can be set through this option.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is a considerably faster version of the STP. It allows
for rapid transitions of ports from Alternate state to Root state and from Backup state to
Designated state. In certain cases, RSTP enables rapid transitions of ports to Forwarding
states as well.
RSTP is based on IEEE Std 802.1w and is part of Amendment 2: Rapid Reconfiguration to
IEEE Std 802.1D and IEEE Std 802.1t-2001.
RSTP assigns to each bridge port throughout the Bridged Local Area Network one of the
roles summarized.
When the Rapid Spanning Tree is enabled, the Spanning Tree parameters refer to the Rapid
Spanning Tree.
NOTE For more information regarding the Spanning Tree feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)” in the BiNOS
User Guide.
For more information regarding the Rapid Spanning Tree feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)” in the
BiNOS User Guide.
To set the STP/RSTP parameters:

1. In the BiNOSView menu, select (see Figure 19):
Config > Protocol > Spanning Tree
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The Spanning Tree Parameters dialog box appears.
Figure 20: The Spanning Tree Parameters Dialog Box
2. In the Spanning Tree Parameters dialog box, select the appropriate options from Table
5.
Table 5: The Spanning Tree Parameters Dialog Box Options
Enable Select the Enable Spanning Tree option. The switch will support
Spanning Tree Spanning Tree and will act as a node in the tree.
Enable Rapid Select the Enable Rapid Spanning Tree option. The switch will start to
Spanning Tree support the Spanning Tree and will act as a node in the tree.
Bridge Priority The first two octets of the Bridge Identifier used by the Spanning Tree
algorithm to identify the unit.
Hello Time The number of seconds between the configuration bridge PDU
(sec) transmissions from the ports of the switch (used when the switch is either
the root of the Spanning Tree or is trying to become the root).
Forward Delay The time during which the switch stays in each of the Listening and
(sec) Learning states that precede the Forwarding state. In addition, when a
topology change is under way and has been detected, this parameter is
used to age all dynamic entries in the Forwarding Database.
Max Age (sec) The number of seconds that learned Spanning Tree information is kept
before being discarded.
3. To save your changes in the target switch, click Set.

4. To close the dialog box without saving changes, click Abort.
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5. The Refresh command refreshes the dialog box with the current configuration.
6. There are also some other Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree parameters that can be
viewed. For details, refer to STP Status.
Multiple Spanning Tree

The Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) protocol carries the concept of the IEEE 802.1w Rapid
Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) a leap forward by allowing you to group and associate
VLANs to multiple spanning tree instances (forwarding paths) over Link Aggregation Groups
(LAGs). Used in a VLAN environment, this added capability affords rapid convergence as
well as load balancing.
NOTE For more information regarding the Multiple Spanning Tree feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)” in
the BiNOS User Guide.
Before setting the Multiple Spanning Tree parameters, the Multiple Spanning Tree must be
enabled.
To enable MSTP:
In the BiNOSView menu, select:
Config > Protocol > Spanning Tree
Figure 21: Config Menu – Spanning Tree Option
Select Enable Multiple Spanning Tree from the sub-menu. The unit starts to support the
Spanning Tree and to act as a node in the tree.
To set the Multiple Spanning Tree, from the BiNOSView menu, select:
Config > Protocol > Multiple Spanning Tree
Figure 22: Config Menu – Multiple Spanning Tree Option
The Multiple Spanning Tree dialog box appears. The dialog box has three tabs: MSTP
Bridge/Timers, Port Per MST, Vlans Per MST.
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Figure 23: The MSTP Tabs
MSTP Bridge/Timers
The MSTP Bridge/Timers tab contains the MSTP bridge parameters (Table 6) and the
MSTP timers’ parameters (Table 7).
Figure 24: The MSTP Bridge/Timers Tab
Table 6: The MSTP Bridge Parameters
Max Hop Count Maximum number of hops for the MST region
Max Instance (Read-only). Maximum MST (Multiple Spanning Tree) instance ID

Number number supported by the device for the MST Protocol.
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Table 7: The MSTP Timers’ Parameters
Bridge Max Age The value that all bridges use for MaxAge when this bridge acts as a
root.
Bridge Hello Time The value that all bridges use for HelloTime when this bridge acts as
a root.
Bridge Forward The value that all bridges use for Forward Delay when this bridge
Delay acts as a root.
Port per MST Tab

The Port per MST tab contains port information for the MST protocol for a particular MST
instance on a particular port (Table 8).
To view the MST instance of a port, select the desired port node from the tree. This will
display a table on the right-hand side of the window.
Table 8: The MST Instance’s Parameters
Instance The MST instance number assigned to the port.
Role Value Indicates the port role.
Priority The priority of the port.
State The port’s current state as defined by the application of the Spanning
Tree Protocol.
Path Cost The contribution of this port to the total path cost towards the
spanning tree root.
Designated Cost The path cost of the designated port of the segment connected to this
port. This value is compared to the Root Path Cost field in the
received-bridge-PDUs.
Designated Bridge The identifier of the designated bridge for this port’s segment.
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Figure 25: The Port Per MSTP Tab
To set the Priority and Path Costs:

1. Select a port node (Master A, 2 in Figure 25).
2. Select the row to be edited.
3. In the Priority and/or Path Cost text fields, change the values as necessary.
4. Press the Set button.
To Copy Priority and Path Cost from one instance to another:

1. Select a port node.
2. Select a row that needs to be copied.
3. Press the Copy button.
4. Select the row/rows into which you want the values to be copied and press the Paste
button.
VLANs per MST Tab

The VLANs per MST tab contains information about the operational MST Region Name
and the Region Revision. The latter also provides information about the MST instances from
0 to 15 with assigned VLANs.
To set the Region Name and Region Revision:

1. Type in the Regions elements in the text fields.
2. Press Set.
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NOTE Before assigning VLANs to instances, you must enable the Edge-Port option on
the connecting port. Failure to do so will cause contact with the device to be lost
when you assign VLANs to instances (see Port STP [MSTP Global tab]).
Figure 26: The Vlans Per MST Tab
To assign/remove VLANs to\from an instance:

1. Select an instance node from the instances tree.
2. Select VLANs from the VLANs list.
3. Press the Add VLANs button.
Each VLAN must be assigned to an instance and cannot be assigned to more than one
instance. Therefore, no option is provided to remove a VLAN, as this is done automatically
when the VLAN is assigned to a new instance.
For other Spanning Tree parameters that can be viewed, see STP Status Report and Multiple
STP Status Report.
GVRP (Generic VLAN Registration Protocol)

The GVRP is part of the IEEE 802.1Q standard for Virtual Bridged LANs, sponsored by the
LAN MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. The GVRP allows a LAN
device to notify neighbors that it is prepared to receive packets for one or more VLANS. The
main purpose of the GVRP is to allow GVRP-aware devices to automatically obtain VLAN
information without requiring each device to be manually configured for this. Network
servers, too, can run GVRP. These servers are usually configured to join several VLANs, and
then notify the network switches about the VLANs they want to join.
The GVRP option in the Config menu allows you to Enable/Disable the GVRP for the
switch. If the switch is set to a GVRP system, the switch will contain only 64 VLANs. If there
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already are more than 64 VLANs, the switch will save only the first 64 that have been
modified.
NOTE For more information regarding the GVRP feature, refer to “Understanding
and Configuring GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
To enable GVRP:
1. In the BiNOSView menu, select:
Config > Protocol > GVRP
Figure 27: Config Menu - GVRP Option
2. To set the switch to a GVRP system, select Enable.
Figure 28: The GVRP Enable Checkbox
3. Click OK (clicking Abort will close the dialog box without saving your changes).
GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol)

GMRP is used in multicast communication network applications where one or more servers,
for example video servers, generate multicast traffic. GMRP is configured on the hosts, and
the routing switch is configured to direct the multicast traffic only to the ports where needed,
thereby saving bandwidth.
NOTE For more information regarding the GMRP feature, refer to “Understanding
and Configuring GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP)” in the BiNOS
User Guide.
The GMRP option in the Config menu allows you to Enable/Disable the GMRP for the
switch.
NOTE When the GMRP is enabled, the GVRP is automatically enabled.
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To enable GMRP:
Config > Protocol > GMRP
Figure 29: Config Menu – GMRP Option
2. To set the switch to a GMRP system, select Enable.
Figure 30: The GMRP Enable Checkbox
3. Click OK (to close the dialog box without saving your changes, click Abort).
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Configuring CPU Monitoring

The CPU Monitoring option in the Config menu enables/disables CPU utilization
monitoring.
When CPU Monitoring is enabled, the CPU usage is displayed in real time at the bottom of
the applet window.
NOTE For more information regarding the CPU Monitoring feature, refer to
“Configuring the Basic Commands and General Information” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
To set CPU Monitoring:

Config > CPU Monitoring
Figure 31: Config Menu - CPU Monitoring Option
2. Check the Enable CPU Monitoring checkbox.

3. Press Set.
Figure 32: The CPU Monitoring Checkbox
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Configuring Port Monitor

The port monitor option in the Config menu enables Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN) port
monitoring for the configured port. When the check box is selected, setting the port monitor
and the port sniffer is allowed. When the check box is cleared, port monitoring is disabled.
NOTE For more information regarding the Port Monitor feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring Traffic Monitoring” in the BiNOS User Guide.
By default, the port monitor is disabled.
NOTE Only one port monitor can be configured for the entire switch.
The monitored port becomes part of the VLAN to which the source port
belongs.
To set Port Monitor:

1. From the BiNOSView menu, select:
Config > Port Monitor
Figure 33: Config Menu - Port Monitor Option
2. Check the Enable Port Monitor checkbox.

3. Select a Monitored Port.
4. Select a Sniffer Port.
5. Press Set.
Figure 34: The Port Monitor Dialog Box
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Configuring Port Parameters

The Config menu has options performing the port-related actions.
NOTE For more information regarding the Ports configuration, refer to “How to
Configure Fast Ethernet and Giga Ethernet Ports” in the BiNOS User Guide.
Figure 35: Config Menu - Ports Option
NOTE The main menu items in the GUI are identical for all Telco Systems switch
products. However, differences exist in the options available under the main
menu items because of the differences between the port types.
Port Properties
To set the port properties:
From the BiNOSView menu, select (see Figure 35):
Config > Ports
The Ports Properties dialog box opens. The port type will determine which parameters are
displayed. Another way to display the Port Properties dialog box is to double-click the port
icon in the main GUI.
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Figure 36: The Port Properties Dialog Box
The options in this dialog box are described in Table 9.

Current Status provides a description of the port’s type and current status (selections). If
appropriate, enter a short description of the port in the Name text box.
In the General frame, click Enable Port to enable the normal operation of the port. When the
check box is cleared, the port does not receive or transmit information. When the Auto
Negotiation option is selected, the port automatically finds the highest speed and duplex
mode (full or half duplex) that can be supported by the link. It is recommended that auto-
negotiation be used unless the device connected to the port does not support it. If auto
negotiation is enabled, the settings in the Speed and Duplex frames are dimmed.
When the Auto-Negotiation option is disabled:
• The Speed option sets Link mode to 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1G.
• The Duplex option sets Link mode to Full or Half Duplex.
The Flow Control frame options are as follows:
• Flow control is a technique for ensuring that a transmitting port does not send too much
data at a time to a receiving port. When the buffer capacity allocated to the receiving port
is exceeded, a Jam message is sent to the transmitting port to halt transmissions. Flow
control is available only if the port transmits or receives in Full Duplex mode. When Use
Flow Control for Full Duplex is selected, the port uses 802.3x Link Layer Flow Control,
generates flow control packets, and processes the received flow control packets. When
this option is not selected (default), the port does not generate any flow control packets
and drops the received flow control packets.
• Backpressure is a technique for ensuring that a transmitting port does not send too much
data at a time to a receiving port. When the buffer capacity of a receiving port is exceeded,
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it sends a Jam message to the transmitting port to halt transmission. The Use
Backpressure for Half Duplex option is available only if the port transmits or receives
data in Half Duplex mode.
The Default VLAN is the default VLAN to which the port belongs. This is not the default
VLAN that all ports belong to. Typically, this is the default VLAN selected for incoming
untagged frames.
Table 9: The Ports Properties Dialog Box Command Buttons
Refresh Reads the current configuration from the switch.
Close Closes this dialog box without saving.
Copy Copies the definition of a port.
Paste Pastes a definition of a port to another port.
Set Saves the configuration in the target switch (after a new configuration
has been selected).
To copy properties from one port to another:

1. Select the source port node.
3. Select the target port node.
4. Press the Paste button.
Port STP Properties

Port STP
Before setting the Spanning Tree parameters, the Spanning Tree must be enabled.
User Guide.
To configure a port’s Spanning Tree parameters:

Right-click the port in the device configurator’s main window (GUI) and select Port STP
from the pop-up menu. The Port STP parameters can also be accessed through the Port
Properties option in the popup menu that contains an STP command button.
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Figure 37: Port Options in Pop-up Menu
The Port Properties dialog box, which contains the Spanning Tree parameters for the port,
appears. It has two frames: Configuration and Status.
Figure 38: The Port STP Properties Dialog Box
The Configuration Priority represents the first two octets of the Bridge Identifier used by the
Spanning Tree algorithm to identify the unit of the current port.
The STP status parameters are described in Table 10.
Table 10: The STP Status Parameters
State The port’s current state as defined by the Spanning Tree Protocol. The
available states are: Disabled, Blocking, Listening, Learning,
Forwarding and Broken.
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Designated Root The MAC address of the network device that functions as the root of
the Spanning Tree.
Designated Cost The path cost of the designated port of the segment connected to this
port. This value is compared to the Root Path Cost field in received
bridge PDUs.
Designated Bridge The identifier of the designated bridge for this port’s segment.
Path Cost This port’s share of the cost of the paths towards the Spanning Tree
root (the Spanning Tree cost for traversing this port).
Port Rapid STP

To configure a port’s rapid spanning tree, the Rapid Spanning Tree must be running on the
device (Rapid Spanning Tree must be enabled).
NOTE For more information regarding the Rapid Spanning Tree feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)” in the
BiNOS User Guide.
The RSTP status parameters are described in Table 11.

Table 11: The RSTP Status Parameters
Admin Edge The administrative value of the Edge Port parameter. Possible values
Port include “Enable” (to indicate that the port is set as Edge-Port) and
“Disable” (the port is set as Non-Edge-Port).
Admin Link Sets the RSTP port link type. The available values include “Point-To-
Type Point”, “Shared” and “Auto”.
Operational The operational value of the Edge Port parameter.

Edge Port
Operational The operational point-to-point status of the LAN segment attached to the
Link Type port.
Force Forces the port to transmit RSTP BPDUs.

Migration
Check
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Figure 39: The Port RSTP Properties Dialog Box
Port Multiple STP

To configure the multiple spanning tree for a port, the multiple spanning tree must be running
on the device (Multiple Spanning Tree must be enabled).
The MSTP status parameters are described in Table 12.

Table 12: The MSTP Status Parameters
Admin Link Indicates the administrative link type configuration of a bridge port for the
Type MST protocol. The available types are “Point-to-Point”, “Shared” and
“Auto”.
Operational Indicates the operational link type of a bridge port for the MST protocol.
Link Type The available types are “Point-to-Point”, “Shared” and “Other”.
Force The protocol migration controls the port. When the object value of the
Migration Spanning Tree Type is MST, the True setting for this object forces the
device to attempt using version 2 BPDUs on this port. When the object
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Check value of the Spanning Tree Type is not MST, setting this object to True has
no effect. Setting “False” for this object has no effect, either. This object
always returns “False” when read.
The available statuses are “Edge”, “Boundary”, and “STP”.
Admin Edge- The administrative value of the Edge Port parameter. The “Enable” status
Port indicates that the port should be assumed to be an edge-port and the
“Disable” indicates that the port should be assumed to be a non-edge-port.
Operational The operational value of the Edge Port parameter. The object is initialized
Edge Port to the setting of the STP Port Admin Edge Port and is set to “Disable” for
BPDU reception.
Port Link Indicates the status of the port (enabled/disabled). Cannot be set from here.
Status
Figure 40: The Port STP Properties Dialog Box - Multi STP Tab
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Figure 41: The Port STP Properties Dialog Box - Port Per MSTP Tab
Port Statistics
To view a port’s statistics, right-click the port in the device configuration main window (GUI)
and select Port Statistics from the pop-up menu (see Figure 37).
In the VDSL switch, to view the port’s statistics for the VDSL ports:
1. Right-click the VDSL Ports icon in the main GUI;
2. Select Zoom In at the pop-up menu;
3. In the Zoom-In GUI, right-click the port icon;
4. Select Properties or Port Statistics.
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Figure 42: Port Options in Popup Menu of VDSL Ports
The Port Statistics dialog box appears (the Port Statistics screen for the Layer 3 switch, T4
Router, is shown in Figure 43).
Figure 43: The Port Statistics Dialog Box
To view the list as a graph, click the Graphs button. To freeze the information on the screen,
click Pause. To reset all entries to 0, click Clear.
The information provided in the Port Statistics screen is described in Table 13.
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Table 13: The Port Statistics Screen Information
Received
Bytes Number of bytes received.
Frames Number of frames received.
Multicast Frames Number of Multicast frames received.
Broadcast Frames Number of Broadcast frames received.
Received & Transmitted Frames
64 Bytes Number of 64-byte frames received and transmitted.
65 – 127 Bytes Number of 65-to-127 byte-long frames.
1024 – 1522 Number of 1024-to-1522 byte-long frames.

Bytes
Sent
Frames Number of frames sent.
Bytes Number of bytes sent.
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Receiving Errors
CRC or Number of frames received containing CRC or alignment errors.

Alignment
Jabber Number of frames received, longer than 1522 bytes, with a bad CRC
(jabber) error.
> 1522 Number of frames longer than 1522 bytes received.
Runts Number of frames shorter than 64 bytes received.
Rx MAC error Number of frames with a reception MAC error received.
Dropped Packets Number of dropped packets.
Collisions
Receive & Total number of collisions during reception and transmission.

Transmit
Port Graphs
To view a port’s statistics as a graph, right-click the port in the device configuration’s main
window (GUI) and select Port Graphs from the pop-up menu (see Figure 37).
To view the port graphs for the VDSL ports (see Figure 42):
1. Right-click the VDSL Ports icon in the main GUI;
2. Select Zoom In at the pop-up menu;
3. In the Zoom-In GUI, right-click the port icon;
4. Select Port Statistics;
5. Click the Graph button in the Port Statistics dialog box.
The Port Graphs dialog box appears (the Port Graph dialog box for the Layer 3 switch, T4
Router, is shown in Figure 44).
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Figure 44: The Port Graphs Dialog Box
Select the appropriate check box for the desired graphical information. Frames Size shows the
number of received and transmitted frames in each byte-length category.
To freeze the information on the screen, click Pause. Click OK to close the screen.
Port History
1. To view a port’s history, right-click the port in the device configurator’s main window
(GUI) and select Port History from the pop-up menu (see Figure 37).
The Port History menu option is not available for VDSL ports. However, this menu
option is available for the uplink ports.
The Port History dialog box appears.
Figure 45: The Port History Dialog Box
2. The headings in the screen can be adjusted to read the entire heading name. Use the
horizontal and the vertical scroll bars at the bottom and at the right-hand side of the
window to access the data. History for the following items can be displayed on the Port
History screen.
a. Interval Start
b. History Index
c. Drop Events
d. Octets
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e. Pkts
f. Broadcast Pkts
g. Multicast Pkts
h. Errors
i. Undersize Pkts
j. Oversize Pkts
k. Fragments
l. Jabbers
m. Collisions
n. Utilization
4. Click Close to close the screen. Click Refresh to retrieve updated information.
Port History Graph

1. To view a port’s history as a graph, right-click the port in the main window (GUI) of the
device configuration and select Port History Graph from the pop-up menu (see Figure
37).
2. The Port History Graph option is not available for the VDSL ports. However, this menu
option is available for the uplink ports.
The Port History Graph dialog box appears.
Figure 46: The Port History Graph Dialog Box
3. Use the drop-down menu on left to select the last 30 minutes (1/2 hour) or the last 24
hours.
4. Use the drop-down menu on the right to select the type of history you want the graph to
represent. The available history types are as follows:
a. History Drop Events
b. History Octets
c. History Packets
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d. History Broadcast Packets

e. History Multicast Packets
f. History CRC Align Errors
g. History Undersize Packets
h. History Oversize Packets
i. History Fragments
j. History Jabbers
k. History Collisions
l. History Utilization
5. To freeze the information on the screen, click Pause. Click OK to close the screen.
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Virtual LANs (VLANs)

A VLAN is a switched network that is segmented logically, rather than physically or
geographically. The segmentation can be by organization, function, group, or application.
For example, all workstations and servers used by a particular workgroup or department can
be connected to the same VLAN, regardless of their physical connections to the network or
the fact that they might be intermingled with other work groups. The network is reconfigured
through the software rather than by physically unplugging and moving devices or wires.
Advantages of a Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Several advantages offered by VLANs:
Users are grouped by their function rather than by their physical location.
• Broadcast packets are forwarded only between ports that are designated for the same
VLAN.
• Because transmissions do not cross from one VLAN to another, a VLAN remains
impervious to the transmission or congestion problems of another VLAN in the network
(an external router is required to enable separate VLANs to communicate with each other).
• The VLANs can be easily managed from a central location, as stations on a VLAN can be
added or removed through the software.
• High-bandwidth users can be grouped on low-traffic segments, allowing greater control
over bandwidth usage.
NOTE For more information regarding the VLAN feature, refer to “Understanding
and Configuring Virtual LANs (VLANs)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
VLAN Description
A Single-Switch VLAN Network
In Figure 47, Site 2 has two VLANs defined, identified as VLAN 2 and VLAN 3. The switch
routes broadcast traffic for each VLAN to all ports in the VLAN. In this example, each switch
port belongs to only one VLAN.
VLANs over a Multiple-Switch Network

Using VLAN-aware devices, VLANs can be established over networks that have multiple
switches. A VLAN-aware device is a switch, server or station that complies with the 802.1Q
standard and is therefore able to handle traffic from more than one VLAN on a port.
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Figure 47: VLANs over a Multiple-Switch Network
Here, the switch on Site 2 is a VLAN-aware device and the individual stations connected to
the switch are not VLAN-aware devices. The stations do not “know” that they belong to a
VLAN. When one VLAN-aware device is connected to another - for example, the switches on
Site 1 and Site 2 - traffic from both VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 will be transmitted through the
single port connecting the switches. This means the switches are forwarding multiple VLAN-
tagged networks.
In order to distinguish between frames from multiple VLANs on the same port, a VLAN tag
is used. A VLAN tag is a VLAN identification field containing a unique VLAN identification
number between 1 and 4095 - as specified in the 802.1Q standard - that is inserted in packets
forwarded between two VLAN-aware devices. The chapter explains how the VLAN tag field
is embedded in the packet. When a VLAN-aware device scans the packet, it “knows” it has to
scan the VLAN Tag field.
Destination Address Source Address Protocol Type VLAN Tag
For example, in Figure 47 the switch on Site 1 inserts the appropriate VLAN tag field into
packets coming from the Site 1 end-stations in VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 before transmitting
them to the switch on Site 2. The receiving switch on Site 2 examines the VLAN tag field in
each packet, identifies to which VLAN the packet belongs, and routes the packet to the
appropriate port. The way the switch forwards the packets to an end-device depends on the
type of the end-device.
The switch on Site 1 is connected to two types of end-devices:
• four non-VLAN-aware stations
• one VLAN-aware server.
In handling packets for the end-devices the switch:
• sends packets to the stations according to their VLAN membership. For example, packets
that the switch identifies as belonging to VLAN 2 are sent to the two stations in that
VLAN. Before sending the packet, the VLAN tag field is removed.
• forwards all packets to the VLAN-aware server without removing the VLAN tag. The
server distinguishes between the VLAN packets and performs the appropriate action.
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VLAN Tagging
When you configure VLANs on the switch, you need to identify each port that is connected to
VLAN-aware devices. A port may be assigned to more than one VLAN. Therefore, you need
to set up the switch to tag the VLAN frames forwarded through the port.
You do this by defining the membership/tagged status of a port in a VLAN when it is
assigned to the VLAN (Table 14). This status is defined for all ports and all VLANs in the
switch.
Table 14: Port’s Membership/Tagged Status
Tagged The port is a member of the VLAN, and VLAN frames will be tagged on
that port.
Untagged The port is a member of the VLAN, and the VLAN frames will not be
tagged on that port.
Not Tagged or The port is not a member of the VLAN.

Untagged
Use the tagged designation for a port VLAN assignment when the port is assigned to more
than one VLAN and the port is connected to a VLAN-aware device.
Use the untagged designation when the port is connected to a non VLAN-aware device. The
switch adds or removes the VLAN tag field from VLAN packets according to the tag
assignment in the port table.
You can also use the untagged designation on a port connected to a VLAN-aware device for
one of the VLANs to which the port belongs. The remaining VLANs on that port must be
tagged.
For the same VLAN, there may be some ports of the switch that are tagged and other ports
that are untagged.
Note that an ISP VLAN cannot be configured.
Configuring VLANs
The default factory settings for Telco Systems switches are: VLANs - disabled and all ports
belonging to the same VLAN, the default VLAN. The switch allows you to configure up to 32
port-based, 802.1Q-compatible VLANs. A port-based VLAN is a group of switch ports
designated by the switch as belonging to the same broadcast domain. The provided
compatibility with the 802.1Q standard lets you assign a single switch port to two or more
VLANs, while still allowing for interfacing with older switches that require a separate port for
each VLAN.
When you select VLANs or VLAN/Subnets in the Config menu (see Figure 48), the VLANs
Configuration dialog box appears.
For your convenience, the VLANs Configuration dialog box has two options (command
buttons) for configuring the VLANs: by VLAN or by port. In the view By VLAN, the
VLANs are listed in the left frame with the ports to be added as members in the right frame.
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In the view By Port, the ports are in the left frame and the available VLANs to which they
could become members are listed in the right frame.
The difference between the two options is the way the VLANs configuration information is
viewed. The resulting configuration commands are identical. In the By VLAN view, there is
an option to set software interfaces, too (if the device supports Layer 3), while in the By Port
view, only VLANs can be configured.
The following tasks can be performed in the VLANs Configuration dialog box:
• Add a VLAN.
• Add a port (member) to a new or existing VLAN.
• Remove a port (member) from a VLAN.
• Delete a VLAN.
Adding VLANs
The Config menu contains the VLAN option performing VLAN configuration. The Layer 3
switches include a Subnet option in the menu.
NOTE The main menu items in the GUI are identical for all Telco Systems switch
products. However, differences exist in some of the menu options provided
because of the differences between the switch types. In VLANs configuration,
the Layer 3 switches include a Subnet option for virtual routing.
Figure 48: Config Menu - VLANs Option
To add a VLAN:
Config > VLAN
Or:
Config > VLAN/Subnet
The VLANs Configuration window appears (refer to Figure 49, shown with all levels open).
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Figure 49: Adding a VLAN in the VLANs Configuration Dialog Box
2. Select All Static VLANs from the left frame of the window. The Add VLAN button will
be enabled.
3. Click Add VLAN. The Add VLAN to List dialog box appears.
Figure 50: The Add VLAN to List Dialog Box
5. The VID text box automatically displays the number of the next free VLAN to be added
to the table.
6. If necessary, specify a different (higher) VLAN number (if you enter a VLAN name or
number that is already in the table and select OK, a warning message will appear).
7. In the Name text box, enter an appropriate name for the VLAN (or use the default name
provided). Click OK to apply the current action and close the dialog box (Clicking the
Abort button discards the current action and closes the dialog box).
8. The VLAN that has just been added to the table under All Static VLANs and will now
appear on the list. The Tagged and Untagged branches are empty, as they have no ports
assigned to them yet.
Removing a Port from a VLAN

To remove a port from a VLAN:
1. Select a port from the VLAN tree.
2. Press the Delete Ports button.
3. If you need to remove all ports from the VLAN, select the Tagged/Untagged node from
the tree and press the Delete Ports button.
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Adding Subnets and Attaching VLANs

To add a subnet:
2. In the VLAN’s Configuration dialog box, select the Subnets node in the left frame of
the dialog box.
Figure 51: The VLAN’s Configuration Dialog Box
3. Click Add Subnet.

4. In the Subnet Configuration dialog box, enter a name for the subnet (or use the default
number). Enter the IP address and subnet mask in the respective text boxes.
Figure 52: The Subnet Configuration Dialog Box
If you enter a Name or a Mask that is already in the list and select OK, a warning
message will appear. In addition, you cannot create a subnet if another subnet already
exists in the selected network. However, you can attach more than one VLAN to a
subnet.
5. Click OK. The new subnet will appear in the table under the Subnets header.
6. To attach a VLAN to the subnet, click the new subnet listed in the table and then, at
the right-hand side of the frame, click the VLAN to be attached.
7. Click Attach VLAN. The VLAN will be added to the subnet list.
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Removing a VLAN from a Subnet

To remove a VLAN from a subnet:
1. Select a VLAN node from the subnet node.
2. Press the Detach VLAN button.
Deleting a Subnet
To remove a Subnet:
1. Select a subnet node from the subnet tree.
2. Press the Delete Subnet button.
Adding a port (member) to a VLAN

NOTE Ports not specifically assigned to a VLAN are automatically assigned to the
default VLAN 1.
Once you have added VLANs to the system, you can make a port a member (tagged or
untagged) of a VLAN. To add a port (member) to a VLAN:
Config > VLAN
Or:
2. In the VLAN’s Configuration dialog box, click either the By Port or By VLAN button.
Figure 53: The VLAN’s Configuration By Ports Dialog Box – Selecting Port
3. On the list of ports in the left frame, select Tagged or Untagged at the port you want to
make a member of the VLAN. On the list of VLANs at the right frame, select the VLAN
to which the port will become a member (see Figure 54).
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Figure 54: The VLAN’s Configuration By Ports Dialog Box – Selecting VLAN
4. Click Add Member. In this example, note the V_4[4] under Tagged of the Master A, 1
port.
Figure 55: The VLAN’s Configuration By Ports Dialog Box – Display Result
The list of VLANs in the right frame depends upon which port item is selected. When a port
is selected, the list in the right frame shows those VLANs that do not include the selected port
as a member. For example, when Tagged in Master A,1 is selected, the VLANs on the list to
the right are VLAN_2, 2 and VLAN_3, 3. Master A, 1 port (as Tagged) is currently a member
of VLAN V_4[4].
Removing a Port Member from a VLAN

To remove a port from a VLAN in the By Ports view:
1. Select a VLAN from the Port tree.
2. Press the Remove Member button.
3. If you need to remove all ports from the VLAN, select the Tagged/Untagged node from
the tree and press the Remove Member button.
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Link Aggregation Groups (Trunks)

Link Aggregation Groups (Trunks) are used to create Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet port
groups. LAGs act as single logical ports for high-bandwidth connections between switches or
between switches and servers. Up to eight ports can belong to a port group. A Fast Ethernet
group can only be created from the ports of the same port octet. A Gigabit Ethernet group
contains ports of the same switch.
Any number of Gigabit Ethernet ports of a switch may be aggregated into a trunk. The lowest
port in the group is the master. It is used as the group communication port for broadcasts,
spanning tree and routing. If the lowest port link goes down - the next lowest port in the trunk
becomes the master.
NOTE For more information regarding the LAG feature, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
The Trunk & Resilient link option in the Config menu sets the link aggregation. Table 15
describes the Static LAG commands buttons.
Figure 56: Config Menu – Trunk & Resilient Link Option
Table 15: The Static LAG Command Buttons
Command Description
Add Ports Adds ports to a port group.
Delete Ports Removes ports from a port group.
Port Aggregation Shows the statistics of the port group.
Exit Closes the window.
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Command Description
Adding a New Port to a Static Trunk

By default, there is no link aggregation for the device. All optional trunks that can be created
on the device are in the Trunk tree. The Trunk is activated only when a port is attached to it.
When the port has a link, the node is highlighted in green.
To set a port to a Trunk:

1. Select a Trunk number from the tree.
2. Select a port from the ports list.
3. Press the Add Ports button.
Figure 57: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Adding Ports
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Figure 58: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Displaying Trunk
Configuration
Removing a Port from a Static Trunk

To remove a port from a Trunk:
1. Select a Port from the trunk tree.
3. If you need to remove all ports from the trunk, select the Trunk group from the tree and
press the Delete Ports button.
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Figure 59: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Deleting Ports
Viewing the Static Trunk Statistics

To view Port Aggregate statistics press the Port Aggregate button.
Figure 60: The Port Aggregation Dialog Box
Viewing the Static Trunk Configuration

The ports attached to the Trunk can be viewed in the main window:
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Figure 61: Viewing the Static Trunk Configuration
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Configuring a Resilient Link

A resilient link provides a secondary backup link to protect a network against failure of an
individual link or device. The backup link becomes active only if a failure of the main link
occurs. A resilient link comprises a resilient link pair consisting of a main link and a standby
link. If the main link fails, the standby link immediately takes over the task of the main link.
Under normal network conditions, the main link carries the network traffic. If loss of signal is
detected, the device immediately activates the standby link for carrying over the data. The
standby port takes on the profile of the main port and handles the network traffic in the same
manner.
A port is referred to as the preferred port if it permanently stays the main port as long as it has
the link. Traffic will be switched back to the main port as soon as its connection is recovered.
A preferred port can be established in several ways:
The port with the higher bandwidth gets the preference (e.g. a GIGA Ethernet port is
preferred to a Fast Ethernet port).
NOTE For more information regarding the Resilient Link feature, refer to “Telco
Systems Software for Enabling Network Wide Resilience” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
One port is configured as preferred through the prefer port button.

The Trunk & Resilient Link option in the Config menu sets the Resilient Link. Table 16
describes the Resilient Link command buttons.
Figure 62: Config Menu – Trunk & Resilient Link Option
Table 16: The Resilient Link Command Buttons
Command Description
Add Ports Adds ports to a resilient link.
Delete Ports Removes ports from a resilient link.
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Command Description
Prefer Sets the selected port as a preferred port.
NoPrefer Sets the selected port to “UnPrefer”.
Refresh Updates the current configuration.
Exit Closes the window.
A resilient link can have no more than two ports.

The tree node shows the status of the port if it is preferred or active. If the status of a port is
not listed in the tree, the port is not Active/Preferred.
When the port has a link, its node is highlighted in green.
Adding Ports to the Resilient Link

To set a Resilient Link to ports:
1. Select a Resilient Link tree node.
2. Select one or two ports from the list ports.
3. Press the Add Ports button.
Figure 63: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Add Ports
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Removing Port from the Resilient Link

To remove a port from the Resilient Link:
1. Select a Port from the Resilient Link tree.
Figure 64: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Delete Ports
Removing a Resilient Link

To remove a Resilient Link:
1. Select the Resilient Link node.
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Figure 65: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Delete Resilient Link
Setting a Port as Preferred

To set a port as preferred port:
1. Select a port from the tree.
2. Press the Prefer button.
Figure 66: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Prefer Port
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Removing the Preferred Definition from a Port

To remove the preferred definition from a port:
Select the port from the tree.
Press the NoPrefer button.
Figure 67: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Removing the
Preferred Definition from a Port
Setting a Port as Active

To set a port as an Active port:
1. Select the port from the tree.
2. Press the Enable Port button.
Since only one port can be preferred for one Resilient Link, pressing the Prefer button on a
port automatically makes a previously preferred port unpreferred.
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Figure 68: The Trunk & Resilient Link Configuration Dialog Box – Setting Active Port
NOTE Resilient links are incompatible with a spanning tree or a trunk port. If STP is
enabled, the Resilient link will not be displayed in the window tree.
Viewing the Resilient Link Configuration

Ports that are attached to a resilient link can be viewed in the main window:
Figure 69: Viewing the Resilient Link Configuration
The letter “B” stands for “Backup port”. The letter “A” stands for “Active port”.
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VDSL Global Configuration

VDSL (very high bit-rate digital subscriber line) is one of the four DSL technologies. This
technology is designed to transmit data to subscribers at rates up to 52 Mbps, and to receive
data from subscribers at rates up to 16 Mbps over a single twisted copper pair. The distance is
limited to 1400 meters (about 4,500 feet), and, in some cases, distances as long as 1800
meters can be supported. Transmitted data is referred to as a “downstream”, and received data
is referred to as an “upstream”.
The Config menu includes a VDSL option that allows you to:
• set a global VDSL profile for all ports;
• set remote modem power to the ETSI limit of -60 dBm/Hz on all ports;
• disable the automatic remote modem search function (which is enabled by default).
NOTE For more information regarding the VDSL, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring VDSL Parameters” in the BiNOS User Guide.
Setting a Global Profile

By default, there is no global profile - each port has its own VDSL profile. The default VDSL
profile index associated with each port is Symmetric 10/10. To assign a global VDSL profile
to all ports, the Use Global Profile option is used as described follows:
To assign a global profile to all ports in the VDSL switch:

Config > VDSL
Figure 70: Config Menu – VDSL Option
2. In the Global VDSL Configuration dialog box, select the Use Global Profile checkbox.
3. Use the pull-down menu to select global profile type.
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NOTE The Customized Profile option is for technical support purposes and is intended
for use by Telco Systems technical personnel ONLY.
4. Click Set.
Specifying Remote Modem Power to ETSI Limit

Using the Global VDSL Configuration dialog box, remote modem power can be set to the
ETSI limit of -60 dBm/Hz on all ports. By default, this feature is disabled.
To set the remote modem power to the ETSI limit of -60 dBm/Hz on all ports:
Config > VDSL
Figure 71: The Enable limit remote Power according to ETSI recommended Checkbox
2. In the Global VDSL Configuration dialog box, select the Enable Limit Remote Power
checkbox.
3. Click Set.
Disabling Automatic Remote Modem Search

By default, automatic remote modem search is enabled to allow the switch to check for the
existence of new remote modems at VDSL ports that have no active VDSL link.
To disable the automatic remote modem search function:

Config > VDSL
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Figure 72: The Enable Modem Search Checkbox
2. In the Global VDSL Configuration dialog box, clear the Enable Modem Search
checkbox.
3. Click Set.
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Layer 3 Features
The Telco Systems Layer 3 switch products have additional features, including Forwarding
Information Base (FIB) information and the Access Control List (ACL) function. For
configuration information, refer to the FIB Table and Access Control List.
For complete information on the licensed feature sets for Layer 3 switch products, refer to
BiNOS Multi-Layer Feature Sets.
For information on configuring subnets, refer to Adding Subnets and Attaching VLANs.
Layer 3 does not have a Global option to configure global unit parameters, such as basic IP
parameters and aging time.
Access Control List (ACL)

The ACL is a feature allowing you to control and manage the access and privileges for users
and/or hosts that are listed on a specific ACL. You can configure ACLs on your switch to
control and filter access to a network.
There are two different types of ACLs: Standard ACLs, which use source addresses to match
operations and Extended ACLs, which use source and destination addresses to match
operations, and optional protocol type information for fine-tuning the control level.
NOTE For more information regarding the ACL feature, refer to “Access Control List
(ACL)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
To display the Access List dialog box, select the following from the BiNOSView menu:
Config > Access List
The Access List dialog box appears. Table 17 describes the ACL command buttons.
Figure 73: Config Menu – Access List
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Table 17: The ACL Command Buttons
Command Description
New List Adds a new Standard or Extended ACL.
New List Adds a new row to a Standard or Extended ACL with different privileges
Row (See Adding a New Standard ACL or Adding a New Extended ACL).
Delete List Deletes a selected list node.
Finish Closes the window.
Changing the ACL Template

Template – Replacing the template enables another access list.
This object can have standard template values or VLAN priority values.
You can change the Template by clicking the Template combobox.
After selecting the value, press the Set button.
Adding a New Standard ACL

The standard ACL uses source addresses for matching operations. The ACL is a sequential
collection of permissions, denials, and shaper conditions that apply to IP addresses. The
switch compares the addresses to the conditions in an ACL, one by one.
To define a Standard ACL:

1. From the BiNOSView menu, select the following:
The Access List dialog box appears.

2. In the Access List frame at the left of the dialog box, highlight Standard Access Lists.
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Figure 74: Add New Standard ACL
3. Click the New List button. The Add New List dialog box appears.
Figure 75: Add New Standard List
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4. In the Add New List dialog box, make your entries in the text boxes (for a description of
the parameters and values, refer to Parameters for Extended Access List).
5. To add a new row (with different permissions) to the standard list, click New List Row in
the Access List dialog box. The Add Row to List dialog box appears.
6. To attach an ACL (Standard/Extended) to a specific port/VLAN, see Attaching an ACL
to a Port/VLAN.
7. Click Set.
Adding a New Extended ACL

The extended ACL, used in global Configuration mode, creates an extended IP access list
(ACL). By default, an extended ACL denies all IP addresses. It uses source and destination
addresses for matching operations, and optional protocol type information for fine-tuning the
control level.
To define an Extended IP ACL:

1. From the BiNOSView menu, select the following:
The Access List dialog box appears.

2. In the Access List frame on the left-hand side of the dialog box, highlight Extended
Access Lists.
Figure 76: Add New Extended ACL
3. Click the New List button. The Add New List dialog box appears.
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Figure 77: Add New Extended List
4. In the Add New List dialog, make your entries in the text boxes (see a description of the
parameters and values in Parameters for Extended Access List below.).
5. To add a new row (with different permissions) to the extended ACL, click New List Row
in the Access List dialog box. The Add Row to List dialog box appears.
6. To attach an Access List (Standard/Extended) to a specific port/VLAN, refer to
7. Attaching an ACL to a Port\VLAN.
8. Click Set.
Parameters for Extended Access List

The following parameter guidelines apply to the Add New List dialog.
NOTE For further command information, refer the BiNOS Software User Guide.
• List ID - the access list number, a decimal number between 100-199
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• Action - the action to be performed on the access list (see descriptions below)
Permit Permits access if the conditions are matched
Deny Denies access if the conditions are matched
Permits access if the conditions are matched for an ISP user with shaping
Shaper
(depending on software application).
Used to write a comment (up to 40 characters long) for an entry in a numbered IP
Remark access list. Enter the comment in the Remark text box at the bottom of the dialog. To
remove the remark, use the CLI.
• IP Protocol - Name or number of an Internet protocol. It can be one of the keywords

icmp, igmp, ip, tcp, udp, or an integer in the range of 0 through 255 representing an
IP protocol number. To match any Internet protocol, including ICMP, TCP, and UDP,
use the keyword ip. Some protocols allow further qualifiers as described below.
Icmp ICMP packets can be filtered by ICMP message type. The type is a number from 0 to
type 255. Valid when IP protocol is set to ICMP.
ICMP packets which are filtered by ICMP message type can also be filtered by the
Icmp
ICMP message code. The code is a number from 0 to 255. Valid when IP protocol is
code
set to ICMP.
Igmp IGMP packets can be filtered by IGMP message type or message name. A message
type type is a number from 0 to 15. Valid when IP protocol is set to IGMP.
• Source Address - number of the network or host from which the packet is being sent.
Use a 32- bit quantity in four-part dotted-decimal format. There are two ways to
specify the source:
1) Use keyword any as an abbreviation for a source and source address mask of
0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
2) Use host source as an abbreviation for a source and source address mask of source
0.0.0.0
• Source Address Mask - use a 32-bit quantity, in four-part dotted-decimal format. To

specify the source address mask, place ones in the bits positions you want to ignore.
• Destination - Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent. Use a
32-bit quantity in 4-part dotted-decimal format. There are two ways to specify the
destination:
1) Use keyword any as an abbreviation for a source and source address mask of
0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
2) Use host destination as an abbreviation for a destination and destination address
mask of destination 0.0.0.0.
• Destination address mask - Address mask bits to be applied to the destination. Use a
32-bit quantity in 4-part dotted-decimal format. To specify the destination wildcard:
place ones in the bit positions you want to ignore.
• New Precedence - Packets can be filtered by precedence level, as specified by a

number from 0 to 7, or by name.
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• Def Port - Compares source or destination ports (equal, range, greater than, smaller
than). If the operator is positioned after the source and the source address mask, it
must match the source port. If the operator is positioned after the destination and
address mask, it must match the destination port. Valid when IP Protocol is UDP or
TCP.
• New TOS - Packets can be filtered by type of service level, as specified by a number
from 0 to 15, or by name.
• Port - The decimal number or name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a
number from 0 to 65535. TCP and UDP port names are listed in the BiNOS Software
User Guide. TCP port names can only be used when filtering TCP. UDP port names
can only be used when filtering UDP.
• Range Port - UDP/TCP ned range port number, compares source or destination
ports range. Valid only when Source/Destination Port Def is set to range.
• Log - this object allows the setup of the logging option in ACL configuration. It can
accept values of 0 – undefined, 1 – log, and 2- log-input.
• VLAN Priority Tag – this object is used to set the VLAN priority tag,
with values between 0 and 8. Valid values are from 0 to 7, and 8 means
that the VPT is not set.
• Established – Valid for TCP protocol only. Indicates an established
connection. A match occurs if the TCP datagram has the ACK or RST
bits set. The non matching case is that of the initial TCP datagram to
form a connection..
The parameters for Extended ACL are described in Table 18.
Table 18: The Add New List Dialog Box Parameters
List ID The ACL number, a decimal number between 100-199
Action The action to be performed on the ACL:

Permit - Permits access if the conditions are matched.
Deny - Denies access if the conditions are matched
Remark - For a comment (up to 40 characters long) to an entry in a
numbered IP ACL, type in your comment in the Remark text box at the
bottom of the dialog box. To remove the comment, use the CLI.
IP Protocol Name or number of an Internet protocol. It can be one of the following

keywords: icmp, igmp, ip, tcp, udp, or an integer in the range 0 to 255
representing an IP protocol number. To match any Internet protocol,
including ICMP, TCP, and UDP, use the keyword “ip”.
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Source Number of the network or host from which the packet is being sent. Use a
Address 32-bit quantity in dotted decimal notation. There are two ways to specify
the source:
1. Use any keyword as an abbreviation for a source and source address
mask of 0.0.0.0 or 255.255.255.255.
2. Use host source as an abbreviation for a source and source address
mask of source 0.0.0.0.
Source Use a 32-bit quantity, in dotted decimal notation. To specify the source
Address Mask Address mask, place “1” in the bits’ positions you want to ignore
Source Def Compares source ports (equal, range, greater than, smaller than). If the
Port operator is positioned after the source and the source address masks, it
must match the source port. Valid when IP protocol set to UDP or TCP
Destination Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent. Use a
32-bit quantity in dotted decimal notation. There are two ways to specify
the destination:
1. Use keyword any as an abbreviation for a source and source address
mask of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
2. Use host destination as an abbreviation for a destination and
destination address mask of destination 0.0.0.0.
Destination Address mask bits to be applied to the destination. Use a 32-bit quantity in
address mask dotted decimal notation. To specify the destination wildcard: place “1” in
the bit positions you want to ignore.
Dest Def Port Compares destination ports (equal, range, greater than, smaller than). If
the operator is positioned after the destination and address masks, it must
match the destination port. Valid when IP protocol set to UDP or TCP
New Packets can be filtered by precedence level, as specified by a number from

Precedence 0 to 7, or by name.
New TOS Packets can be filtered by type of service level, as specified by a number
from 0 to 15, or by name.
Port The decimal number or name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a
number from 0 to 65535. TCP and UDP port names are listed in Table 21
and Table 22. TCP port names can only be used when filtering TCP. UDP
port names can only be used when filtering UDP.
Port names can only be used when filtering TCP. UDP port names can be
used only when filtering UDP.
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Range Port Compares source or destination ports (range).
ICMP type ICMP packets can be filtered by ICMP message type. The type is a
number from 0 to 255. The valid names are listed in Table 19. Valid when
IP protocol set to ICMP
ICMP code ICMP packets that are filtered by ICMP message type can also be filtered
by the ICMP message code. The code is a number ranging from 0 to 255.
The valid names are listed in Table 20. Valid when IP protocol set to
ICMP
IGMP type IGMP packets can be filtered by IGMP message type or message name. A
message type is a number ranging from 0 to 15. Valid when IP protocol
set to IGMP
Log This object allows the setup of the logging option in ACL configuration. It
can accept values of 0 – undefined, 1 – log, and 2- log-input.
Established For the TCP protocol only: Indicates an established connection. A match
occurs if the TCP datagram has the ACK or RST bits set. The non
matching case is that of the initial TCP datagram to form a connection.
VLAN Priority The VLAN Priority Tag (VPT) in the VLAN tag header.
Tag
Table 19: Valid ICMP Message Type Literal Values
Valid Literal Value Description Value
alternate-address Alternate Host Address 6
conversion-error Datagram Conversion Error 31
domain name reply Domain Name Reply 35
domain name request Domain Name Request 36
echo Echo (ping) 8
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echo-reply Echo reply 0
information-reply Information replies 16
information-request Information requests 15
ipv6-i-am-here IPv6 I-Am-Here 34
ipv6-where-are-you IPv6 Where-Are-You 33
mask-reply Address mask replies 17
mask-request Address mask requests 18
mobile-redirect Mobile Host Redirect 32
mobile-registration- Mobile Registration Reply 35

reply
mobile-registration- request Mobile Registration Request 36
parameter-problem Parameter Problem 12
photuris Photuris 40
redirect All redirects 5
router-advertisement Router Advertisement 9
router-solicitation Router Solicitation 10
skip SKIP 39
source-quench Source Quench 4
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time-exceeded Time Exceeded 11
timestamp-reply Timestamp Reply 14
timestamp-request Timestamp 13
traceroute Traceroute 30
unreachable Destination unreachable 3
Table 20: Valid ICMP Code Literal Values
administratively- Communication Administratively Prohibited 13

prohibited
dod-host-prohibited Communication with Destination Host is 10

Administratively Prohibited
dod-net-prohibited Communication with Destination Network is 9

Administratively Prohibited
host-isolated Source Host Isolated 8
host-precedence- Host Precedence Violation 14

unreachable
host-tos-unreachable Destination Host Unreachable for Type of Service 12
host-unknown Destination Host Unknown 7
host-unreachable Host Unreachable 1
net-tos-unreachable Destination Network Unreachable for Type of 11

Service
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net-unreachable Net Unreachable 0
network-unknown Destination Network Unknown 6
packet-too-big Fragmentation Needed and Don’t Fragment was Set 4
port-unreachable Port Unreachable 3
precedence-cutoff Precedence cutoff in effect 15
protocol-unreachable Protocol Unreachable 2
source-route-failed Source Route Failed 5
Table 21: Valid TCP Port Literal Values
bgp Border Gateway Protocol 179
chargen Character generator 19
daytime Daytime 13
discard Discard 9
domain Domain Name Service 53
echo Echo 7
exec Exec (rsh) 512
finger Finger 79
ftp File Transfer Protocol 21
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ftp-data FTP data connections (used infrequently) 20
gopher Gopher 70
hostname NIC hostname server 102
ident Ident Protocol 113
irc Internet Relay Chat 194
klogin Kerberos login 543
kshell Kerberos shell 544
login Login (rlogin) 513
lpd Printer service 515
nntp Network News Transport Protocol 119
pim-auto-rp PIM Auto-RP 496
pop2 Post Office Protocol v2 109
pop3 Post Office Protocol v3 110
smtp Simple Mail Transport Protocol 25
sunrpc Sun Remote Procedure Call 111
syslog Syslog 514
tacacs-ds TAC Access Control System 49
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talk Talk 517
telnet Telnet 23
time Time 37
uucp Unix-to-Unix Copy Program 540
whois Nickname 43
www World Wide Web (HTTP) 80
Table 22: Valid UDP Port Literal Values
biff Biff (mail notification, comsat) 512
bootpc Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client 67
bootps Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server 68
discard Discard 9
dnsix DNSIX security protocol auditing 195
domain Domain Name Service 53
echo Echo 7
isakmp Internet Security Association and Key Management 500

Protocol
mobile-ip Mobile IP registration 434
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nameserver IEN116 name service (obsolete) 42
netbios-dgm NetBios datagram service 138
netbios-ns NetBios name service 137
netbios-ss NetBios session service 139
ntp Network Time Protocol 123
pim-auto-rp PIM Auto-RP 496
rip Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed) 520
snmp Simple Network Management Protocol 161
snmptrap SNMP Traps 162
sunrpc Sun Remote Procedure Call 111
syslog Syslog 514
tacacs-ds TAC Access Control System 49
talk Talk 517
tftp Trivial File Transfer Protocol 69
time Time 37
who Who service (rwho) 513
xdmcp X Display Manager Control Protocol 177
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Attaching an ACL to a Port/VLAN

To attach an ACL to a port/VLAN:
2. In the Access List dialog box, in the ACLs frame, select the ACL you want to attach to
the port\VLAN.
3. Select the port/VLAN you want to attach to the list.
4. Click the >> button. The Access Group Properties dialog box appears.
Figure 78: The Access Group Properties Dialog Box
5. The Access Group Properties dialog box has fields as described in Table 23. Make the
appropriate selections.
Table 23: ACG Properties Dialog Box Parameters
Shaper Enable or disable –VLAN group does not support that
The priority of the flow that matches the access group conditions if
Priority discard was set need to set this value too. When this value has
configured cannot set Rate, if rate was configured cannot set this value.
Discardability Mark the packets that match the access group conditions as discardable
RedirectIFindex Controls redirection of traffic matching this ACG
This object configures traffic redirection to a VLAN. It requires a valid

RedirectVlanID
VLAN ID (1 to 4096).
RedirectNexthop This object configures traffic redirection to a next hop.
The span root track option for VLAN redirects. Valid when
SpanRootTrack
redirectVlanid is configured
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6. To add or edit the Rate Limit, see Adding Rate. Click OK after the appropriate selections
are made.
7. In the Access List dialog box, click Finish.
Adding Rate Limit

To add the rate limit:
1. Navigate to the Access Group Properties dialog box as described in Attaching an ACL to
a Port/VLAN.
2. In the Access Group Properties dialog box, click the Rate Limit button. The Rate
Limit dialog box appears.
Figure 80: The Rate Limit Dialog Box
3. The Rate Properties dialog has several fields as described below. Make appropriate
selections.
Rate A rate limit between 13 and 1000000 Kbps
A burst limit between 1 and 4000000 Kbps. This object is

Burst obligated when rate limit is configured.
The action is performed when the condition is true. This object

Exceed
is also valid only if some kind of rate limit is configured.
Action
The DSCP value to be remarked, Valid when Traffic is

DiffServ
configured
This object is used to configure the peak rate when rate limit is
PeakRate
applied.
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This object is used to configure the excess burst when rate limit
PeakBurst
is applied.
Color This object toggles color aware traffic metering. This object is
Aware also valid only if some kind of rate limit is configured.
This object configures remarking policy. This object is also

Policy valid only if some kind of rate limit is configured.
Diff Serv CP - Type of Service- This object is also valid only if

Traffic
some kind of rate limit is configured.
4. Enter a rate limit between 13 and 1000000 Kbps.

5. Enter a Burst between 1 and 4000000 Kbps.
6. Select an Exceed Action: Drop or MarkRed Refer to the BiNOS Software User Guide for
further information on this command.
7. Click Set.
8. Click OK in the Access Group Properties dialog box.
9. Click Finish in the Access List dialog box.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)

The first step in configuring the ISP is to add an uplink. After that, add the new user ports.
Once configured, the user ports are prevented from communicating with each other - the users
can only communicate to the uplink. Each user port can also be rate-limited.
NOTE For more information regarding the ISP feature, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring Internet Service Provider (ISP)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
Adding an ISP Uplink Port

To add an uplink:
Config > ISP
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Figure 81: Config Menu – ISP Option
2. Select Uplink Ports node from the ISP tree. Click New Uplink.
Figure 82: Adding New Uplink Port
The Add New Uplink Port dialog box appears.
Figure 83: The Add New Uplink Port Dialog Box
3. In the Add New Uplink Port dialog box, specify port, VID, and port status
(tagged/untagged). The ISP Index (a number between 1 and 32) is the index of the uplink
to which the user port is attached. In the Type option, Connectivity allows user ports to
communicate to one another, and Normal prevents them from communicating.
4. You can add more than one ISP VID to the same port, but the type and untagged/tagged
status must be the same as the first VID that has been added to that port.
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5. After making the appropriate entries, click Set. All changes will be saved in the target
switch and will be displayed in the ISP tree in the ISP main dialog box.
Adding an ISP User Port

To add a user port to the uplink:
Config > ISP
2. In the ISP tree, select the uplink node to which you want to add the user port. Click the
New User Port button. The Add New User Port dialog box appears.
Figure 84: The Add New User Port Dialog Box
3. Make the appropriate entries for Port Name, Exceed Action, Shaper, and Rate Limit in the
respective text boxes. The ISP Index (a number between 1 and 32) is the index of the
uplink to which the user port is attached.
NOTE 1. If shaper is enabled, an exceed action cannot be chosen. The shaper can be
enabled on a user port only if there is a shaper on the device (specified
through the CLI). Refer to the BiNOS User Guide for further information.
2. A user port can be added to only one uplink. For example, if user port 1/4/1
is added to uplink 1/1/1, you will not be able to add it to uplink 1/2/1 as well.
A warning message will be displayed instead.
4. Click Set. Your changes will be saved in the switch target and will be displayed in the
ISP tree in the ISP main dialog box.
Deleting an ISP Uplink Port

To delete an uplink:
Config > ISP
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2. Select the specific uplink you want to delete. When you delete the uplink, all associated
user ports will also be deleted.
3. Click Delete Uplink Port.
Deleting an ISP User Port

To delete a user port:
Config > ISP
2. In the ISP tree, select the specific user port you want to delete. Click Delete User Port.
Routing Protocols Configuration

In the Routing protocols, the configuration is synchronized with the CLI – if it is in Config
mode, SET on routing protocols object is disabled.
To view the Routing Protocols configuration tables:

Config > Route Protocol
Figure 85: Config Menu – Route Protocols
The Route Protocol screen appears.

2. Select the Protocol node you want to configure.
3. Click Refresh to update the screen with the current parameters. Click Close to close the
screen.
OSPF Protocol
OSPF is an IP routing protocol initially developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) in 1987. OSPF is considered an Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGP), meaning
that it is normally implemented on an autonomous system. An autonomous system (AS) is a
network controlled by a single administrative authority. Other IGP examples are RIP versions
1 and 2 and EIGRP, as well as IS-IS.
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OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, where routers within a common area all maintain
identical copies of the network map, or topology database (also called link-state database).
This is accomplished by exchanging the status of networks and links, which refer to physical
router interfaces that connect them. Re-routing around link failures is much quicker with link
state routing compared to distance vector protocols. From the link-state database (LSDB),
each router constructs a tree of shortest paths, using itself as the root. The shortest path tree
provides the route to each destination in the autonomous system. When several equal-cost
routes to a destination exist, traffic can be distributed among them. The cost of a route is
described by a single metric.
Upon initialization, each router transmits a link-state advertisement (LSA) on each of its
interfaces. LSAs are collected by each router and entered into the LSDB of each router. OSPF
uses flooding to distribute LSAs between routers. All routers within an area have identical
LSDBs.
The Route Protocols option in the Config menu sets the OSPF protocol (tables).
The OSPF information in BinosView is spread over several tabs: Redistribute OSPF, General
Configuration, Interface, ifMetric, Virtual Interface, Neighbor tables and area tables, Area,
Stub Area , and Area Aggregation.
To perform OSPF configuration, OSPF must be running on the device.
To begin the OSPF configuration process:

1. Select the OSPF General tree node.
2. In the configuration panel (to the right), select Redistribute OSPF Tab.
3. Enable the Route OSPF checkbox.
When the OSPF General node is selected, two tabs are displayed - Redistribute OSPF tab
and General Configuration tab.
NOTE For more information regarding the OSPF feature, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
OSPF Redistribute Tab

The Redistribute OSPF tab enables OSPF for the device. It also has an option to set
Redistributes of the OSPF routes from one routing domain to another routing domain.
The available Redistribute options are: Kernel, connected, static, RIP and BGP.
To enable redistributed routes, it is not necessary to use the Set button. Selecting the
Redistribute Route checkbox selects the setting automatically.
To set the rest of the Redistribute Routes parameters (Metric, Route Map, and e1/e2), click
the Set button.
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Figure 86: The Redistribute OSPF Dialog Box
OSPF General Configuration Tab

The OSPF General Configuration tab manages the general parameters of the OSPF protocol.
In the General tab, make the appropriate entries and selections as described in Table 24 and
press the Set button.
Table 24: The OSPF General Configuration Tab Parameters
Router Id Identifies the router in the Autonomous System.
Administrative The administrative status of OSPF in the router. The valid states are:
State Down - removes the entire OSPF configuration but does not halt the
router.
Up - starts the router if it halted.
On GET, the returned value will be “False” if OSPF does not run on at
least one interface.
Version Number The current version number of the OSPF protocol.
Area Border Indicates whether the router is an area border router.

Router Status
AS Border Router Indicates whether this router is configured as an Autonomous System

Status border router.
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Extern Link-State The number of external (LS type 5) link-state advertisements in the
Count link-state database.
Extern Link-State The LS checksums of the external link-state advertisements contained

CheckSums in the link-state database.
TOS Support The router’s support for type-of-service routing.
Originate New The number of new link-state advertisements that have been
Lsas originated. This number is incremented each time the router originates
a new LSA.
Rx New Lsas The number of link-state advertisements received determined to be

new instantiations. This number does not include newer instantiations
of self-originated link-state advertisements.
Ext Link-State The maximum number of non-default AS-external-LSAs entries that

DataBase Limit can be stored in the link-state database. Value of “1” means there is no
limit set.
Multicast Indicates whether the router is forwarding IP multicast.

Extensions
Exit Overflow In OverflowState, a period in seconds for which router will attempt to
Interval leave the OverflowState. This allows the router to originate non-
default AS-external - LSAs again. When set to 0, the router will not
leave the Overflow State until restarted.
Demand The router’s support for demand routing.

Extensions
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Figure 87: The General Configuration Dialog Box
Selecting the OSPF node in the tree displays the following tabs: Interface table, ifMetric
table, Virtual Interface table, and Neighbor table.
OSPF Interface Tab

The OSPF Interface tab displays all interfaces of the switch (i.e. not only those that run
OSPF). The interfaces that run OSPF are marked in the Administrative Status as enabled. This
table does not support deleting or adding new entries (rows): it allows only for editing some
(but not all) of the parameters (rows) in the table.
To run OSPF on a particular interface, a valid area ID of the appropriate row is required (a
valid area ID is one that is marked as active in the Area Table).
To edit a row:
1. Select a row in the table.
2. Make the appropriate entries and selections as described in Table 25 (the optional fields
that have not been filled in will take on the default values).
Table 25: The OSPF Interface Tab Parameters
IP Address (Read-only). IP address of the OSPF interface.
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Software (Read-only). The instancing of interfaces with and without IP addresses.

Interface For interfaces with IP addresses, the value of the Software Interface is 0.
For interfaces without IP Addresses, the value equals the interface’s
ifIndex.
Area ID Assigns the interface to the area.
Interface type The OSPF interface type. The available types are “Broadcast”,
“NBMA”, “Point-to-Point” and “Point-to-MultiPoint”.
Administrative the OSPF interface’s administrative status. The available values are:
status Enable - advertises the interface as an internal route to some area.
Disable – marks the interface as external to OSPF and halts OSPF
operation on the specified interface.
Priority Priority of the interface. Used in multi-access networks, this field is used
in the designated router election algorithm. This field’s settings have
effect only if OSPF is running on the specified interface.
Transit Delay Estimated time (in seconds) for transmitting a link state update packet
over the current interface. This field’s settings have effect only if OSPF
is running on the specified interface.
Retrans Interval Time (in seconds) between link-state advertisement retransmissions, for
adjacencies belonging to the current interface. This value is also used
when retransmitting database description and link-state request packets.
This field’s settings have effect only if OSPF is running on the specified
interface.
Hello Interval Time (in seconds) between the Hello packets that the router sends to the
interface. This value must be the same for all routers attached to a
common network. This field’s settings have effect only if OSPF is
running on the specified interface.
Dead Interval Time (in seconds) that a router’s Hello packets have not been received
before its neighbors declare the router down. The Dead Interval value
should be dividable by the Hello interval. The Dead Interval value must
be same for all routers attached to a common network. This field’s
settings have effect only if OSPF is running on the specified interface.
Poll Interval The longest time interval (in seconds) between the Hello packets sent to
an inactive non-broadcast multi-access neighbor. This field’s settings
have effect only if OSPF is running on the specified interface.
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State The OSPF Interface State.
Designated (Read-only). The IP Address of the Designated Router.

Router
Backup (Read-only). The IP Address of the Backup Designated Router.

Designated
Router
Events (Read-only). The number of times this OSPF interface has changed its
state or errors that have occurred.
Auth Key The Authentication Key. Note that the password for Simple password
authentication can be set here, however, the password for MD5 should
be created from CLI. This field’s settings have effect only if OSPF is
running on the specified interface.
Status (Read-only). Variable, displaying the status of the Setting entry.
Multicast (Read-only). The way multicasts will be forwarded on this interface. The
Forwarding available values are “Not Forwarded”, “Forwarded as data link
multicasts”, and “Forwarded as data link unicasts”.
Demand Indicates whether Demand OSPF procedures are performed on this

interface.
Auth Type The authentication type specified for the interface. Additional
authentication types can be assigned locally.
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Figure 88: The Interface Tab
OSPF IfMetric (Interface Metric) Tab

The OSPF IfMetric tab displays all interfaces of the switch (i.e. not only those that run
OSPF).
Setting a value for the Value parameter has effect only if OSPF is running on that interface.
This table does not support deletion or adding of entries (rows): only the Value parameter (in
the table’s rows) can be edited. Table 26 describes the IfMetric (Interface Metric) tab
parameters.
To edit a row:
1. Select a row in the table.
2. Make the appropriate entries for the Value parameter.
Table 26: The OSPF IfMetric (Interface Metric) Tab Parameters
IP Address (Read-only). The IP address of the current OSPF interface.
Software (Read-only). Used to facilitate the instancing of interfaces, either with or

Index without IP addresses. For interfaces with IP addresses, the value of the
Software Index is 0. For interfaces without IP Addresses, the value equals
the interface’s ifIndex.
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TOS The Type of Service associated with the metric.
Value The metric of the specified type of service on the current interface. The
settings of this field are effective only if OSPF is running on the specified
interface.
Status Status of the entry.
Figure 89: The IfMetric (Interface Metric) Tab
OSPF Virtual Interface Tab

The OSPF Virtual Interface tab displays a table of information about the router’s virtual
interfaces.
The table supports additions and deletions of rows. You can edit a row only if the row’s status
is “not active”.
The Virtual Interface table parameters are described in Table 27.
To set a new entry (row):

1. Fill in the Area ID field and the Neighbor field. All other fields are optional.
Note that Area ID must be active and set to External in the Area Table.
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3. A new row will be created. The optional fields that have not been filled in will take on the
default values.
Sometimes when you create a new entry, the new row is set to NotInService. You can change
the status of the new row to Active.
To change row status from NotInService to Active:

1. Select the desired row.
2. Press the Activate button.
The row status changes to Active.
To delete an existing row:

1. Select the row to be deleted.
2. Press the Delete button.
To edit an existing row:

1. Before editing, make sure the row’s status is NotInService.
2. If the status is Active, select the row and press the Deactivate button.
3. In the Area ID and Neighbor fields, enter the values from the selected row.
4. All other fields are optional. Fill them in as needed.
Table 27: The OSPF Virtual Interface Tab Parameters
Area Id (Read-only). Transit Area traversed by the Virtual Link.
Neighbor (Read-only). The Router ID of the Virtual Neighbor.
Transit Delay Time (in seconds) required to transmit a link-state update packet over the
current interface.
Retrans Interval Time (in seconds) between link-state advertisement retransmissions for
adjacencies belonging to the current interface.
Hello Interval Time (in seconds) between the Hello packets that the router sends to the
interface.
State (Read-only). OSPF virtual interface states, possible states, Down and
Point-to-Point.
Events (Read-only). The number of state changes or error events on this Virtual
Link.
Auth Key The Authentication Key.
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Status The entry’s row status.
Auth Type (Read-only). The authentication type specified for a virtual interface.
Figure 90: The Virtual Interface Tab
OSPF Neighbor Tab

The OSPF Neighbor tab displays a table with non-broadcast networks information.
The Neighbor table parameters are described in Table 28.

1. Fill in the Area ID field and the Software Index field. The Priority field is optional.
Note that IP Address must be active in the Area Table.
3. A new row will be created. The optional fields that have not been filled in will take on the
default values.
Sometimes when you create a new entry, the new row is set to NotInService. You can
change the status of the new row to Active.
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3. In the Area ID and Neighbor fields, enter the values from the selected row.
4. Priority field is optional. Fill it in if needed.
Table 28: The OSPF Neighbor Tab Parameters
IP Address The IP address this neighbor is using in its IP Source Address.
Software Index For interfaces with IP Addresses - “1”, for interfaces without IP
Addresses - “0”.
Router ID Identifies the neighboring router in the Autonomous System.
Options Identifies the neighbor’s options field. The available options are “Type Of
Service”, “area”, “stub area”, “IP Multicast Extensions” and “NSSA
borders”.
Priority The priority of the current neighbor in the designated router election
algorithm.
State The State of the relationship with the current Neighbor. The available
states are “Down”, “Attempt”, “Init”, “Two Ways”, “Exchange Start”,
“Exchange”, “Loading” and “Full”.
Retrans Queue The current retransmission queue length.

length
Permanence Status of the entry. “Dynamic” and “Permanent” refer to how the
neighbor became known.
Hello Indicates whether Hellos are being suppressed for the neighbor.
Suppressed
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Figure 91: The Neighbor Tab
OSPF Areas Tables

There are three configuration tables for the OSPF area:
Area, Stub Area and Area Aggregate.
To configure\view these tables, select the OSPF Area node in the routing tree.
Three tabs appear, one for each table.
OSPF Area Tab

The OSPF Area tab contains the table Area, which holds information about the configured
parameters and the cumulative statistics of the router’s attached areas.
The Area table parameters are described in Table 29.

1. Fill in the Area ID field and the Software Index field. The Priority field is optional.
Note that IP Address must be active in the Area Table.
3. A new row will be created.
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3. In the Area ID field, enter the values from the selected row.
Table 29: The OSPF Area Tab Parameters
Area Id The OSPF area ID. Area ID 0.0.0.0 is used for the OSPF backbone.
Auth Type The authentication type specified for an area.
Import As The area’s support for importing AS external link-state advertisements.

Extern The available values are Import External, Import No External and Import
NSSA.
SpfRuns (Read-only). The number of times that the intra-area route table has been
calculated using this area’s link-state database.
Area Border (Read-only). The total number of area border routers reachable within
Router Count this area.
AS Border (Read-only). The total number of Autonomous System border routers that
Router Count are reachable within this area.
LinkState (Read-only). The total number of link-state advertisements in this area’s

DataBase link-state database excluding AS External LSAs.
Count
LinkState (Read-only). The 32-bit unsigned sum of the link-state advertisements’

checksum LS checksums contained in this area’s link-state database.
Summary The OSPF Area Summary variable controls the import of summary LSAs
into stub areas. This option has no effect on other areas. Summary values
are “Send Area Summary” and “No Area Summary”.
Status Displays the status of the entry.
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NOTE If you select “Import as External”, you must also select “Send Area
Summary” in the Summary field.
Figure 92: The Area Tab
OSPF Stub Area Tab

The OSPF Stub Area tab contains the Stub Area table with the set of metrics that will be
advertised by a default Area Border Router into a stub area.
The Stub Area table parameters are described in Table 30.

1. Fill in the Area ID field, the Metric field and Metric Type field.
3. A new row will be created.
To Change the row status from NotInService to Active:

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The row status changes accordingly.


3. In the Area ID field, enter the value (IP Address) from the selected row.
Table 30: The OSPF Stub Area Tab Parameters
Area Id Stub Area identifier.
TOS (Read-only). The Type of Service associated with the metric.
Metric The metric value applied at the indicated type of service. By default, this
equals the smallest metric at the type of service among the interfaces to other
areas.
Metric Type of metric advertised as a default route. The available types are “OSPF
Type Metric”, “Comparable Cost”, and “Non Comparable”. The metric type of the
default route, generated by ABR, can be changed only on NSSA areas. For
Stub areas, it always has the value of the OSPF Metric.
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Figure 93: The Stub Area Tab
NOTE Area ID 0.0.0.0 cannot be created.
OSPF Area Aggregate Tab

The OSPF Area Aggregate tab contains the Area Aggregate table that provides information
about the range of IP addresses specified by an IP address/IP network mask pair.
The Area Aggregate table parameters are described in Table 31.

1. Fill in all the fields in the configuration panel. Note that IP Address must be active in the
Area Table.
3. A new row will be created. The optional fields that have not been filled take on the
default values.
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To change the row status from NotInService to Active:

The row status changes accordingly.


2. If the status is Active, select the row and press the button Deactivate.
3. In the Effect field, enter the desired value. Since all other fields (Area ID, Link-state DB
Type, Network, and Mask) are read-only, retrieve their values from the selected row.
Table 31: The OSPF Area Aggregate Tab Parameters
Area Id (Read-only). The Area of the Address Aggregate to be found.
Lsdb Type (Read-only). The type of the Address Aggregate. This field specifies the Lsdb
type the Address Aggregate applies. The available types are Summary Link
and NSSA External Link.
Network (Read-only). The IP Address of the Net or Subnet indicated by the range.
Mask (Read-only). The Subnet Mask belonging to the Net or Subnet.
Effect Subnets subsumed by ranges either trigger the advertisement of the indicated
aggregate Advertise Matching, or result in the subnet’s not being advertised at
all outside the area.
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Figure 94: The Area Aggregate Tab
Other OSPF Parameters can also be displayed. See OSPF Report Tables.
VRRP Protocol
The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate the single point of
failure inherent in the static default routed environment. VRRP enables a group of routers to
form a single virtual router. The LAN clients can then be configured with the virtual router as
their default gateway. The virtual router, representing a group of routers, is also known as a
VRRP group.
VRRP specifies an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual
router to one of the VRRP routers on a LAN. In a VRRP setup, one router is elected as the
master router with the other routers acting as backups. The master router controls the IP
address(es) associated with a virtual router, and forwards packets sent to these IP addresses.
Should the Master become unavailable, the election process provides dynamic fail-over in the
forwarding responsibility. Any of the virtual router’s IP addresses on a LAN can then be used
as the default first-hop router by end-hosts. The advantage gained from using VRRP is a
higher availability default path without requiring configuration of dynamic routing or router
discovery protocols on every end-host.
NOTE For more information regarding the VRRP feature, refer to “Understanding
and Configuring Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)” in the BiNOS
User Guide.
The VRRP is set by the Routing Protocols option in the Config menu.
To start the VRRP configuration process, select the VRRP tree node.
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The VRRP information in BinosView is spread over two tabs: Virtual Group tab and
Associated IP address with Virtual ID tab.
When the VRRP node is selected, two tabs can be viewed: the Virtual Group tab and the IP
Address Associated with Virtual ID tab.
VRRP Virtual Group Tab

The VRRP Virtual Group tab contains the Virtual Group table, each entry (row) in this table
contains the operational characteristics of a virtual router. On a VRRP router, a given virtual
router is identified by a combination of the IF index and VRID.
This table cannot be edited - only creation and deletion of entries are allowed.
The Virtual Group table parameters are described in Table 32.

1. Fill in all the fields in the configuration panel. Note that IP Address must be active in the
Area Table.
3. A new row will be created. The optional fields that have not been filled take on the
default values.
After you create a new entry, the new entry stays in not Ready state until you assign to it
virtual IP Addresses from the Associated IP Address Table.

Table 32: The VRRP Virtual Group Tab Parameters
Interface Name An existing interface (subnet).
Virtual ID This object contains the Virtual Router Identifier (VRID), a number in
the range 1-255.
Virtual Mac The virtual MAC address of the virtual router.

Address
State The current state of the virtual router. The available states are Initialize,
Backup and Master.
Admin State (Optional). This object enables/disables the virtual router function.
Operation on an interface is enabled automatically after assigning a
virtual IP to the Virtual Route Priority - a number in the range 1-224.
The default priority is 100.
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IP Address The number of IP addresses that are associated with this Virtual router.
Count
Master IP The master router’s real (primary) IP address. This is the IP address
Address listed as the source in VRRP advertisement last received by this virtual
router.
Primary IP The only valid option for this field is the IP address of the interface on
Address which the VR has been started.
Authentication Authentication type used for VRRP protocol exchanges between virtual
Type routers. The value of this object is the same for a given ifIndex.
Authentication This object is set according to the value of the Authentication Type.
Key
Advertisement The time interval, in seconds, between sending advertisement messages.

Interval Only the master router sends VRRP advertisements.
Preempt Mode Controls whether a higher priority virtual router will preempt a lower
priority master. When preemption is enabled, if the backup VRRP router
detects that there is a MASTER with lower priority, it can become the
master.
Virtual Router This is the value of the system UpTime object when this virtual router
Up Time State is transitioned out of Initialized.
Protocol The particular protocol being controlled by this Virtual Router. Possible
Protocols IP, Bridge, Decnet and Other.
Row Status This variable displays the status of the entry.
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Figure 95: The Virtual Group Tab
VRRP IP address Associated with virtual ID Tab

The VRRP IP address Associated with virtual ID tab contains the IP Address associated
table which enables VRRP on the interface and identifies the IP address of the virtual router.
This table cannot be edited - only creation and deletion of entries is supported.
All parameters in the table are described in Table 33.

1. Fill in the all fields in the configuration panel. Note that the IP address must be on the net
of the interface.
2. Press the Set button. A new row will be created.

Table 33: The VRRP IP address Associated with virtual ID Tab Parameters
Interface Name An existing interface (subnet).
Virtual ID An existing virtual group, the ID assigned to the interface in the Virtual
Group table.
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Associated IP The assigned IP addresses for which backing up a virtual router is

address responsible. Must be on the Interface network.
Figure 96: The IP address Associated with virtual ID Tab
For the other VRRP parameters that can be displayed, see VRRP Report Tables.
IP Routing Table
The IP route table displays the current IP routing unit parameter and sets a particular route to
a particular destination, under a particular policy.
The IP Route is set by the Routing Protocols option in the Config menu.
To start a configuration of the IP Route, select the Routes node from the tree.
Upon selecting the Routes node, a new panel for adding new entries opens on the right of the
IP Route table and config panel window.
This table cannot be edited - only creation and deletion of entries is supported.

1. Fill in the all fields in configuration panel. Note that the Metric 1 parameter is optional.
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2. Press the Set button. A new row will be created.

Table 34: The IP Routing Table Parameters
Router The destination IP address of this route.

Destination
Router mask Indicates the mask to be logical-ANDed with the destination address.
TOS The policy specified is the IP TOS Field.
Next hop On remote routes, the address of the next system en route. Otherwise, set it
to 0.0.0.0.
If index The IfIndex is retrieved by the interface through which the next hop is
reachable.
Type The type of route. The available types are Other, Reject, Local and Remote.
Note that Local refers to a route for which the next hop is the final
destination. Remote refers to a route for which the next hop is not the final
destination.
Protocol The routing mechanism via which this route was learned. Inclusion of
values for gateway routing protocols is not intended to imply that hosts
should support these protocols.
Age The number of seconds since this route has last been updated or otherwise
determined to be correct.
Info The only routes that can be edited through SNMP are static routes.
Next hop AS The Autonomous System Number of the Next Hop.
Metric 1 (Optional). An alternative routing metric for this route.
Metric 2 An alternative routing metric for this route.
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Status This variable displays the status of the entry; only static routes can be
created/destroyed.
Figure 97: IP Routing Table
RIP Protocol
RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) that was introduced by ARPAnet (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969. It is used in computer routing primarily for
moderate size networks.
RIP is based on the Distance Vector algorithm. The router does not know the full path to a
particular destination. It knows through which neighbors the destination is accessible and the
cost (distance) to the destination through each of these neighbors.
To determine the best path to a distant network, a router using RIP always selects the path
with the minimum cost. If the cost for each network is 1, then the path with the least number
of routers is selected. Each router traversed by the data on the way from the source to the
destination is considered one hop.
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NOTE For more information regarding the RIP feature, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring Routing Information Protocol (RIP)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
BiNOS supports both RIP versions 1 and 2.

The RIP is set in the Routing Protocols option of the Config menu.
Redistribute RIP and Configuration

To start RIP configuration, RIP must be running on the device.
To start a configuration of the RIP:

1. Select the RIP tree node.
2. In the configuration panel (to the right), click the Redistribute RIP Tab.
3. Enable the Route RIP checkbox.
Upon selecting the RIP node, two tabs appear: Redistribute RIP tab and Configuration
tab.
Redistribute RIP Tab

This tab manages the RIP for the device. It also has an option to change Redistributes of the
RIP routes from one routing domain to another routing domain.
The available Redistribute options are: Kernel ,Connected, Static and OSPF.
To enable Redistribute routes, there is no need to use the Set button as checking the
Redistribute Route checkbox selects this setting automatically.
Setting the rest of the parameters (Redistribute Routes, Metric and Route Map), requires using
the Set button.
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Figure 98: RIP Configuration Dialog Box
RIP Configuration Tab

This tab contains the RIP table, a list of subnets requiring separate configuration in RIP.
The table supports creation and deletion of rows as static entries. You can edit a row only if
its row status is not active.

1. Fill the IP Address field and the other parameters (“Metric” is optional).
Note that Area ID field must be an existing software interface.
3. A new row will be created with default values for the optional fields that have not been
filled in.
Sometimes creating a new entry sets the new row to NotInService. You can change the status
of the new row to Active, if needed.
To change the row status from NotInService to Active:

The row status will be changed accordingly.
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To Delete an existing row:


1. Before editing, make sure status of the row is NotInService. If the status is Active, select
the row and press the Deactivate button.
2. Fill in the value of the selected row in the IP address field.
3. Select the remaining parameters that need to be edited.
Table 35: The RIP Configuration Tab Parameters
Address The IP Address of the system on the indicated subnet.
Domain The value inserted into the Routing Domain field of all RIP packets sent on
the interface.
Auth Type The type of Authentication used on the interface.
Auth Key The value to be used as Authentication Key whenever the corresponding
instance of Authentication type has a value other than noAuthentication.
Send Content the router sends on this interface.
Receive Indicates which version of RIP updates are to be accepted. Note that rip2
and rip1OrRip2 implies reception of multicast packets.
Default This variable indicates the metric that is to be used for the default route
Metric entry in RIP updates originated on this interface.
An Status This variable displays the status of the entry. Routing metric for this route.
Source The IP Address this system will use as a source address on this interface.
Address
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Figure 99: RIP Configuration Tab
Other RIP Parameters can also be displayed. See RIP Report Tables.
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Reports
The Reports menu (see Figure 100) has the following options:
• Description (a description of the switch and related software information),
• Forwarding Database (FDB) Table,
• Spanning Tree Parameters (STP) Status,
• Ports Status, Ports Counters.
• Additional options in the Layer 3 switch menu include FIB Table, DHCP Tables, and
Route Protocols.
Reports menu
for Layer 2
switches
Reports menu
for Layer 3
switches
Figure 100: The Reports Menu for Layer 3 and for Layer 2 Devices
Description
The type of information provided in the Unit Description screen varies by switch type. A
Layer 3 switch may be licensed to use any or all of the following options:BiNOS-ML and
BiNOS-ML-Adv. The Unit Description indicates which of these options, if any, the Layer 3
switch is licensed to use. Table 36 displays the information provided in the unit description.
Table 36: The Information Provided in the Unit Description
Unit Type Type of Telco Systems switch product.
BiNOS Version The version of BiNOS currently installed and the date on which
the version was issued.
Boot Version The boot version of the software currently installed.
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Java Version The java version and the date on which the version was issued.
Time Since Last Reset Number of days and hours since the unit was last reset.
Receive The MAC address of the switch.
Licensed options ISP, routing, advanced routing (refer to BiNOS Multi-Layer

(Layer 3) Feature Sets).
To view the unit’s description:

Reports > Description
Figure 101: Reports Menu – Description Option
The Unit Description screen appears. The respective screens for the VDSL switch
and the Layer 3 switch (T4 Routing) are displayed in Figure 102.
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Figure 102: The Unit Description Dialog Box
2. Click Close to close the screen.
FDB Table
The Forwarding Database (FDB) table, also referred to as the MAC Address table, contains
the MAC address table information. The switch uses the forwarding database to forward
packets to the appropriate bridge in the bridge group.
The database has both static and dynamic entries. The former are created by the user, and the
latter are learned entries, which are added and removed by the learning process. Static entries
cannot be overwritten by the learning process, and are removed from the table only when you
explicitly delete them.
The FDB table presented in BiNOSView cannot be modified. In BiNOSView, the FDB table
is accessed for information purposes only. Entries to the table and deletions from it can only
be made through the CLI. To modify the table, refer to the BiNOS Software User Guide.
NOTE For more information regarding the MAC Address Table, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring MAC Address Table” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
To view the FDB table:

Reports > FDB Table
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Figure 103: Reports Menu – FDB Table
The FDB Table appears. It lists the network devices connected to each port in the
unit. The addresses of many of the devices are learned when they send or receive
packets through the port. The amount of time that learned addresses remain on the list
when they are not active is determined by the Aging Time parameter.
Figure 104: The MAC Address Table (FDB)
2. Click Refresh to update the current parameters. Click Close to close the screen.
FIB Table
The Forwarding Information Base (FIB) table provides a description of the switch’s overall
forwarding table. It combines the IP routing table and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
table.
To view the FIB table:

Reports > FIB Table
Figure 105: Reports Menu – FIB Table
The FIB table appears.
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Figure 106: The FIB Table
2. Click Refresh to refresh the current parameters. Click Close to close the screen.
DHCP Report Tables

In BiNOSView, the DHCP tables are read-only and can be accessed for informational
purposes only. Entries to and deletions from the tables can only be made through the CLI. To
modify a table, refer to “Understanding and Configuring DHCP Server” in the BiNOS User
Guide.
NOTE For more information regarding the DHCP Server feature, refer to
“Understanding and Configuring DHCP Server” in the BiNOS User Guide.
DHCP is supported for all Layer 3 devices with RAM size more than 32M.
To view the DHCP tables:

Reports > DHCP Tables
Figure 107: Reports Menu – DHCP Tables
The DHCP Report screen appears.

2. Click Refresh to bring up the current parameters.
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There are 10 tabs on the screen, each with a different DHCP report table: Global tab with 2
sub-tabs (DHCP Packets and DHCP Misc View) and Static Host, Range Table, Dynamic
Hosts, Subnet Table, Options, Port, VLAN, and Interface tabs.
DHCP Packets Tab

The DHCP Packets tab displays the DHCP packets information as described in Table 37.
Table 37: The DHCP Packets Tab Parameters
Discovers Number of discovery messages received.
Requests Number of requests received.
Offers Number of releases received.
Release Number of offers sent.
Acks Number of received acknowledge packets.
Nacks Number of received not-acknowledged packets.
Declines Number of declines.
Figure 108: The DHCP Packets Tab
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DHCP Misc View Tab

The DHCP Misc View tab displays the DHCP settings which are described in Table 38.
Table 38: The DHCP Misc View Tab Parameters
DB Expire Expiration time for the internal DHCP database.
TFTP Server The IP address of TFTP server to store DHCP database remotely.
FTP Server The IP address of FTP server to store DHCP database remotely.
FTP Server User The username for the remote FTP server.
FTP Server The password for the remote FTP server.

Password
DB Delay The delay between consecutive database transfers to the remote

server.
DB File Name The IP Leases remote database filename.
Circuit ID Policy The unknown circuit-ID policy. Possible policy Permit and Deny.
Server Status The DHCP server operation (enable/disable).
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Figure 109: The Misc View Tab
DHCP Static Hosts Tab

The DHCP Static Hosts tab displays the static host table listing the hosts with fixed IP
addresses maintained by the server. Table 39 displays the DHCP Static Host tab parameters.
Table 39: The DHCP Static Host Tab Parameters
IP Address The fixed IP address reserved for the host.
Name The host name.
Connected The current connected status of the host, where “true” means that this
host has requested this IP.
MAC Address The specified host MAC address.
File Name The host name.
Bootp IP The bootstrap server IP address for current host.
Server Boot server name.
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Snoof Port The corresponding snoof port if defined.
Figure 110: The Static Host Tab
DHCP Range Table Tab

The DHCP Range Table tab displays the static range table maintained by the server. Table 40
displays the DHCP Range Table tab parameters.
Table 40: The DHCP Range Table Tab Parameters
Start IP The range’s starting IP address.
Stop IP The range’s ending IP address.
Add(ress) In Use Number of addresses in use.
Add(ress) Free Number of addresses that are free.
Circuit ID The circuit-ID of the range.
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Circuit ID Type The circuit-ID type of the range. The available types are String or Hex.
Range Name The range name.
Subnet IP The IP subnet in which the range of IPs is included.
Subnet Name Subnet name assigned to the range.
Figure 111: The Range Table Tab
DHCP Dynamic Host Tab

The DHCP Dynamic Host tab displays the dynamic host table (the lease states). Table 41
displays the DHCP Dynamic Host tab parameters.
Table 41: The DHCP Dynamic Host Tab Parameters
Lease IP Lease’s IP address.
Lease Name Lease’s name.
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Lease ETime Lease’s expiration time.
Lease MAC Lease’s MAC address.
Snoof Port Corresponding snoof port if defined.
Figure 112: The Dynamic Host Tab
DHCP Subnet Table Tab

The DHCP Subnet Table tab displays the subnet table listing the subnets maintained by the
server. Table 42 displays the DHCP Subnet Table tab parameters.
Table 42: The DHCP Subnet Table Tab Parameters
IP Address The subnet’s IP address.
Mask The subnet’s netmask.
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Name The subnet’s name.
Add(ress) In Use Number of addresses in use.
Add(ress) Free Number of addresses that are free.
Figure 113: The Subnet Table Tab
DHCP Options Tab

The DHCP Options tab displays the options table, which lists the options set on the server.
Table 43 displays the DHCP Options tab parameters.
Table 43: The DHCP Options Tab Parameters
Subnet IP The subnet’s IP address.
Max Lease Time The max-lease-time.
Default Lease Time The default-lease-time.
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Router The router option.
Broadcast Address The network broadcast address.
Subnet Mask The network subnet mask.
Domain Name The domain-name.
Merit Dump The merit-dump.
Root Path The root path.
Bootstrap Srv IP The bootstrap server IP address.
File Name The bootstrap filename.
DNS Server 1 The first DNS server.
DNS Server 2 The second DNS server.
DNS Server 3 The third DNS server.
DNS Server 4 The fourth DNS server.
DNS Server 5 The fifth DNS server.
Log Server 1 The first log server.
Log Server 2 The second log server.
Log Server 3 The third log server.
Log Server 4 The fourth log server.
Log Server 5 The fifth log server.
Wins Server 1 The first WINS server.
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Wins Server 2 The second WINS server.
Wins Server 3 The third WINS server.
Wins Server 4 The fourth WINS server.
Wins Server 5 The fifth WINS server.
Figure 114: The Options Tab
DHCP Port Tab

The DHCP Port tab displays the Port table, which lists the DHCP settings related to ports.
Table 44 displays the DHCP Port tab parameters.
Table 44: The DHCP Port Table Parameters
Port The port name.
Max Port IP The max IP addresses to be assigned through the current port.
Port Snoof The status of snoofing on the current port (Enable/Disable).
Port Service Enable The status of DHCP service on the current port (Enable/Disable).
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Figure 115: The Ports Tab
DHCP VLAN Tab

The DHCP VLAN tab displays the VLAN table, which lists the DHCP VLAN settings. Table
45 displays the DHCP VLAN tab parameters.
Table 45: The DHCP VLAN Tab Parameters
VLAN Id The VLAN ID.
VLAN Status The status of DHCP service status per VLAN (Enable/Disable).
Figure 116: The VLAN Tab
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DHCP Interface Tab

The DHCP Interface tab displays the Interface table, which lists the DHCP round-robin
settings. Table 46 displays the DHCP Interface tab parameters.
Table 46: The DHCP Interface Tab Parameters
Interface Name The IP interface name.
Interface Status The status of DHCP round-robin feature per interface, enable/disable.
Figure 117: The Interface Tab
Routing Protocols Report

The Route Protocols option in the Report menu displays the read-only Routing protocols
tables (OSPF, VRRP, RIP).
For each protocol, there is a node in the tree. Select the node for the Protocol report table you
want to view.
To view Route Protocols parameters:

Reports > Route Protocols
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Figure 118: Reports Menu – Route Protocols Option
The Route Protocols screen appears.
Figure 119: Route Protocols Dialog Box
2. Select the Protocol node you want to view.
OSPF Report Tables

The OSPF reports tables contains five tabs, each with a different table: Host, Area Range,
Link state Data base, Virtual Neighbor Information, and External LS database tables.
To view the OSPF table parameters:

1. In the Route Protocols screen, select the OSPF node.
Figure 120: The Route Protocols Screen - OSPF
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The OSPF tabs appear.

2. Click Refresh to update the current parameters.
Figure 121: The OSPF Tables
OSPF Host Table

The OSPF Host table displays a list of Hosts and their metrics, which the router will advertise
as host routes. Table 47 displays the OSPF Host table parameters.
Table 47: The OSPF Host Table Parameters
Host IP The IP Address of the Host.

address
Host TOS The Type of Service of the route being configured.
Host Metric The Metric to be advertised.
Host Status This variable displays the status of the entry.
Host Area ID The Area within which the Host Entry is to be found. By default, the area
that a subsuming OSPF interface is in, or 0.0.0.0.
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Figure 122: The Host Table
OSPF Area Range Table

The OSPF Area Range table displays an address range within the specified area for which a
single route will be advertised. Table 48 displays the OSPF Area Range table parameters.
Table 48: The OSPF Area Range Table Parameters
Area Id The area within which the address range should be.
Net The IP address of the Net or Subnet indicated by the range.
Mask The subnet Mask that pertains to the Net or Subnet.
Status The status of the entry.
Effect Subnets sub-summed by ranges either trigger the advertisement of the

indicated summary (advertiseMatching), or result in the subnet not being
advertised at all outside the area.
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Figure 123: The Area Range Table
OSPF Link State Database

The OSPF LS Database displays the OSPF process’s Link State Database. Table 49 displays
the OSPF Link State Database parameters.
Table 49: The OSPF Link State Database Parameters
Area ID The identifier of the area from which the LSA was received.
Type The type of the link state advertisement. Each link state type has a separate
advertisement format.
Link state ID The Link State ID is an LS Type Specific field containing either a Router
ID or an IP Address. It identifies the piece of the routing domain that is
being described by the advertisement.
Router ID Identifies the originating router in the Autonomous System.
Sequence Detects old and duplicate link state advertisements. The sequence numbers
space is ordered linearly.
Age The age of the link state advertisement in seconds.
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Checksum The checksum of the complete content of the advertisement, except for the
age field.
Advertisement The entire Link State Advertisement, including its header.
Figure 124: The Link State Database
OSPF Virtual Neighbor Information Table

The OSPF Virtual Neighbor Information table provides information about the virtual
neighbor. Table 50 displays the OSPF Virtual Neighbor Information Table parameters.
Table 50: The OSPF Virtual Neighbor Information Table Parameters
Area The transit area identifier.
Router Id The ID of the neighboring router in the Autonomous System.
IP Address The IP address of the Virtual Neighbor.
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Options Alternative ways for the system to operate. The available options are
Bit 1,TOS - indicates that the system will operate on Type of
Service metrics other than TOS 0, Bit 2 - indicates that the system
is Network Multicast capable, i.e., it employs OSPF Multicast
Routing.
State The state of the Virtual Neighbor Relationship. The available states
are Down, Attempt, Init, TwoWay, ExchangeStart, Exchange,
Loading, and Full.
Events The number of times this virtual link has changed its state or an error
has occurred.
Link-State Retrans The current length of the retransmission queue.

Queue Length
Hello Suppressed Indicates whether Hellos to the neighbor are being suppressed.
Figure 125: The Virtual Neighbor Information Table
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OSPF External LS Database Table

The OSPF External LS Database displays the OSPF processes of external Links State
Database. Table 51 displays the OSPF External LS Database table parameters.
Table 51: The OSPF External LS Database Table Parameters
Type The type of the link state advertisement. Each link state type has a separate
advertisement format.
Link-State ID The Link State ID is an LS Type Specific field containing either a Router
ID or an IP Address. It identifies the piece of the routing domain that is
being described by the advertisement.
Router Id ID of the originating router in the Autonomous System.
Sequence Detects old and duplicate link state advertisements. The larger the
sequence number, the more recent the advertisement.
Age The age of the link state advertisement in seconds.
Checksum The checksum of the complete content of the advertisement, except for the
age field.
Advertisement The entire Link State Advertisement, including its header.
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Figure 126: The External LS Database Table
RIP Report Tables

The RIP report tables have three tabs, each with a different table: Global parameters, RIP
Statistics table and Peer RIP table.
NOTE For more information regarding the RIP feature, refer to “Understanding and
Configuring Routing Information Protocol (RIP)” in the BiNOS User Guide.
To view RIP table parameters:

1. In the Route Protocols screen, select the RIP node.
Figure 127: The Route Protocols Screen - RIP
The RIP tabs appear.

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Global RIP Tab

The Global parameters are as follows:
• Route Changes - the number of route changes made to the IP Route Database by RIP.
This does not include the refresh of a route’s age.
• Queries - the number of responses sent to RIP queries from other systems.
Statistics RIP Report Table

The Statistics RIP report table displays a list of subnets that require separate status
monitoring in RIP. Table 52 displays the Statistics RIP Report table parameters.
Table 52: The Statistics RIP Report Table Parameters
Address The IP address of this system on the indicated subnet.
Received Bad The number of RIP response packets received by the RIP process that
Packets have subsequently been discarded for any reason.
Received Bad The number of routes, in valid RIP packets, which have been ignored for
Routes any reason.
Sent Updates The number of triggered RIP updates actually sent on this interface. This
explicitly does NOT include full updates sent containing new
information.
Status This variable displays the status of the entry.
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Figure 128: The Statistics RIP Report Table
Peer RIP Report Table

The Peer RIP report table provides information about a single route. Table 53 displays the
Peer RIP Report table parameters.
Table 53: The Peer RIP Report Table Parameters
Address The IP address that the peer is using as its source address. Note that on an
unnumbered link, this may not be a member of any subnet of the system.
Domain The value in the Routing Domain field in RIP packets received from the
peer. If domain support is deprecated, this value must be zero.
Last Update The value of system UpTime when the most recent RIP update was
received from this system.
Version The RIP version number in the header of the last RIP packet received.
Updates
Received Bad The number of RIP response packets from this peer discarded as invalid.
Packets
Received Bad The number of routes from this peer that have been ignored due to invalid
Routes entry format.
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Figure 129: The Peer RIP Report Table
VRRP Report Tables

The VRRP reports tables appear in two tabs, each with a different table: Error Statistics and
VRRP Statistics tables.
NOTE For more information regarding the VRRP feature, refer to “Understanding
and Configuring Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)” in the BiNOS
User Guide.
To view VRRP table parameters:

1. In the Route Protocols screen, select the VRRP node.
Figure 130: The Route Protocols Screen - VRRP
The VRRP tabs appear.

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Figure 131: The VRRP Statistics Tabs
VRRP Error Statistics Table

The VRRP Error Statistics table displays the VRRP error statistics of checksum errors,
incorrect VRRP version number and virtual ID errors. The Error Statistics elements are
described in Table 54.
Table 54: The VRRP Error Statistics Elements
Checksum The total number of VRRP packets received with invalid VRRP
Error checksum value.
Versions Errors The total number of VRRP packets received with an unknown or
unsupported version number.
Virtual ID The total number of VRRP packets received with an invalid VRID for this
Errors virtual router.
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Figure 132: The VRRP Error Statistics
VRRP Statistics Table

The VRRP Statistics table displays the virtual router statistics. Table 55 displays the VRRP
Statistics table parameters.
Table 55: The VRRP Statistics Table Parameters
Become Master The total number of times that this virtual router’s state has
transitioned to MASTER.
Advertise Rcvd The total number of VRRP advertisements received by this virtual
router.
Advertise Interval The total number of VRRP advertisement packets received for
Errors which the advertisement interval differs from the one configured for
the local virtual router.
Auth Failures The total number of VRRP packets received that did not pass the
authentication check.
IP Total Errors The total number of VRRP packets received by the virtual router
with IP TTL (Time-To-Live) not equal to 255.
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Priority Zero The total number of VRRP packets received by the virtual router
Packets Rcvd with zero priority.
Priority Zero The total number of VRRP packets sent by the virtual router with
Packets Sent zero priority.
Invalid Type Packets The number of VRRP packets received by the virtual router with an
Rcvd invalid value in the Type field.
Address List Errors The total number of packets received for which the address list does
not match the locally configured list for the virtual router.
Invalid Auth Type The total number of packets received with unknown authentication
type.
Authentication Type The total number of packets received with Auth Type not equal to
Mismatch the locally configured authentication method.
Packet Length The total number of packets received with a packet length less than
Errors the length of the VRRP header.
Figure 133: The VRRP Statistics
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STP Status Report

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Status option provides the Spanning Tree report. The
Spanning Tree algorithm, designed to prevent loops, dynamically creates a “tree” through the
network. The unit supports the Spanning Tree protocol and acts as a node in the tree.
User Guide.
To view current Spanning Tree parameters:

Reports > STP Status
Figure 134: Reports Menu – STP Statues
The Spanning Tree Report window appears.

2. Click Refresh to refresh the current parameters. The Spanning Tree Report parameters
are described in Table 56.
Table 56: The STP Report Parameters
Designated The MAC address of the network device which functions as the starting
Root point of the Spanning Tree.
Topology The number of times the Spanning Tree has reconfigured itself since the
Change unit was last reset. The “tree” reconfigures itself automatically in response
to network changes.
Root Cost “Cost” to get from this unit to the designated root. The lower the cost, the
more preferred the path.
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Root Port The unit port with the lowest travel “cost” to the designated root.
Max Age Time (in seconds) the learned Spanning Tree information is kept before
(sec) being discarded.
Hello Time Time (in seconds) between configuration bridge PDU transmissions by the
(sec) ports of this unit when it is the root of the Spanning Tree or trying to
become the root.
Hold Time Time (in seconds) during which no more than two configuration bridge
(sec) PDUs are transmitted by the unit.
Forward Time (in seconds) the unit stays in each of the Listening and Learning states
Delay (sec) that precede the Forwarding state. In addition, when a topology change has
been detected and is under way, this parameter is used to age all dynamic
entries in the Forwarding Database.
Figure 135: The Spanning Tree Report
Multiple STP Status Report

The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Status option provides the Multiple Spanning
Tree report. The Multiple Spanning Tree algorithm, designed to prevent loops, dynamically
creates a “tree” throughout the network. The unit supports the Multiple Spanning Tree
protocol and acts as a node in the tree.
The Multi Spanning Tree Report tables have three tabs containing the following tables:
MSTP Timers, MSTP Instance and Port Per MST Instance.
147 MN100110 Rev C

To view the current Multiple Spanning Tree parameters:

Reports > Multi STP Status
Figure 136: Reports Menu – Multiple STP Statues
The Multi Spanning Tree Report Tabs appears.
Figure 137: The Multi Spanning Tree Report Tabs
2. Click Refresh to refresh the current parameters.

MSTP Timers Tab

The MSTP Timers table displays the MSTP timers’ values. Table 57 displays the description
of the MSTP Timers table description.
Table 57: The MSTP Timers Parameters
Migration Migration timeout in seconds.

Timer
Hold Count Tx Hold counter.
Max Age The maximum age (in seconds) for the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol.
Information learned from the network on any port before it is discarded. This
is the actual value that the bridge is currently using.
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Hello Time Time (in seconds) between the transmission of configuration bridge PDUs
by this node on any port when it is the root of the spanning tree or is trying
to become so. This is the actual value that this bridge is currently using.
Forward Time (in seconds) controlling how fast a port changes its spanning state
Delay when moving towards the Forwarding state. This value is the one that this
bridge is currently using.
Figure 138: The MSTP Timers Tab
MSTP Instance Tab

The MSTP Instance tab contains the Instance table with MST instance information (one
entry for each MST instance numbered from 0 to max instance number). Table 58 displays the
description of the MSTP Instance parameters.
Table 58: The MSTP Instance Tab Parameters
Instance Index The MST instance index.
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Designated Root The unique MST Bridge Identifier of the Bridge recorded as the Root
in the Configuration BPDUs transmitted by the Designated Bridge
for the segment to which the port is attached.
Root Cost The path cost to the root port for this MST instance. This value is
compared to the Root Path Cost field in received bridge PDUs.
Root Port The root port of this MST.
Designated Bridge The unique MST Designated Bridge Identifier.
Root Priority The MST root priority.
Remaining Hop The remaining hop count for this MST instance.
Count
Figure 139: The MSTP Instance Tab
Port Per MST Instance Tab

The Port Per MST Instance tab displays the Instance table containing the MST table with a
list of the bridge ports for a particular MST instance. Table 59 displays the port per MST
instance parameters.
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Table 59: The MSTP Port Per MST Instance Tab Parameters
Port The port name.
Role Value Indicates the port role on a particular MST instance for the MST protocol.
The available values are Disabled, Root, Designated, Alternate, BackUp,
Boundary.
Priority The value of the priority field in the first (in network byte order) octet of the
(2-octet long) Port ID. The other octet of the Port ID is provided by the port
value.
State The port’s current state as defined by application of the Spanning Tree
Protocol. This state controls what action a port should undertake on reception
of a frame. If the bridge has detected a port that is malfunctioning, it will put
that port in Broken state. For ports that are disabled, this object will have a
Disabled value. The available states are Disabled, Blocking, Listening,
Learning, Forwarding and Broken.
Path Cost The contribution of this port to the sum of path costs towards the spanning
tree root that includes this port. 802.1D-1990 recommends that the default
value of this parameter should be in inverse proportion to the speed of the
attached LAN.
Designated The path cost of the designated port of the segment connected to this port.
Cost This value is compared to the Root Path Cost field in received bridge PDUs.
Designated The identifier of the designated bridge for this port’s segment.
Bridge
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Figure 140: The Ports pre MSTP Instance Tab
Ports Status Report

The Ports Status option displays the status of all ports in the switch.
To view current Ports Status parameters:

Reports > Ports Status
Figure 141: Reports Menu – Ports Status
The Ports Status screen appears.
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Figure 142: The Ports Status Table
2. Click Refresh to refresh the current parameters. The parameters of the Ports Status
dialog box are described in Table 60.
Table 60: The Ports State Table Parameters
Unit Slot Port The port number.
Description The port’s name, if any.
Type The port type.
Link Current status of the link (Up or Down).
State Current state of the port (Enabled, Disabled, or does not receive or transmit
information).
Auto When enabled, the port automatically finds the highest speed and duplex
Negotiation mode (full or half duplex) that can be supported on the link. It is
recommended that auto negotiation be used unless the device connected to
the port does not support it.
Speed Current receive or transmit speed of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps
(for Giga ports).
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Duplex Full Duplex or Half Duplex. Full Duplex is used for Flow Control support;
Half Duplex is used for Back Pressure support.
Flow control Flow control is a technique for ensuring that a transmitting port does not
(On or Off). send too much data to a receiving port at a given time. When the buffer
capacity allocated to the receiving port is exceeded, a Jam message is sent
to the transmitting port to halt transmissions. Flow control is available only
if the port transmits or receives at Full Duplex. The port uses 802.3x Link
Layer Flow Control, generates flow control packets, and processes received
flow control packets. When flow control is off, the port does not generate
any flow control packets and drops the received flow control packets.
Back Pressure (On or Off). Back Pressure is a technique for ensuring that a transmitting
port does not overwhelm a receiving port with data. When the buffers
allocated to a port exceed a certain size, a jam message will be sent to the
transmitting port to halt the transmission. Back Pressure is available only if
the port transmits or receives in Half Duplex.
STP State The port’s current state as defined by the Spanning Tree Protocol. The
available states are Disabled, Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding,
and Broken.
Default The default VLAN the port belongs to. This is not the default VLAN to
VLAN which all ports belong. Typically, this is the default VLAN selected for
incoming untagged frames.
To copy the Port Status table to a clipboard:

2. In the Copy Text window that appears, select the desired text and right-click or press
Ctrl+C to copy it.
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Figure 143: The Copy Text Window
3. Open an editor and paste the contents.
Ports Counters Report

The Port Counters table shows all counters for all ports and lists related parameters.
To view the current Ports Counters parameters:

Reports > Ports Counters
Figure 144: Reports Menu – Ports Counters
The Ports Counters window appears.
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Figure 145: The Ports Counters Table
2. Click Refresh to retrieve the current parameters. The parameters of the Ports Counters
table are described in Table 61.
Table 61: The Ports Counters Parameters
If index Interface index based on port number.
Port Port number.
Description The port’s name, if any.
Sent Frames The total number of sent frames (of all sizes).
Received octets The number of received octets.
Received The number of multicast frames received.

Multicast
Received The number of broadcast frames received.

Broadcast
CRC Error The number of the received frames containing CRC errors.
156 MN100110 Rev C

Collisions The total number of collisions that occurred during reception and
transmission.
Late Collisions The number of late collisions that occurred during reception and
transmission.
To copy the Port Counters table to a clipboard:

2. In the Copy Text window that appears, select the desired text and right-click or press
Ctrl+C to copy it.
3. Open an editor and paste the content.
157 MN100110 Rev C

General Commands
Resetting the Switch

Resetting a switch in the BiNOSView has the same effect as disconnecting and reconnecting
the power to the switch. The following options exist for determining how Reset affects the
switch’s settings.
• Restart without Saving: The switch will restart without saving the running configuration.
• Save and Restart: The switch will save the running configuration first, and then restart.
• Reset to Default: The switch will revert to its default configuration after restarting.
• Save And Fast Reset: The switch will reload configuration without stopping traffic. (For
B-Series only.)
To perform one of the reset switch operations on a given unit, proceed as follows:
Commands > Reset
Figure 146: Commands Menu – Reset Option
2. In the Reset dialog box, make the appropriate selection.
Figure 147: Switch Reset Dialogue Box
3. Click OK.
Polling
By default, BiNOSView sends requests polling the switch for its current status every 60
seconds. You can enable or disable the polling settings, and alter the polling interval.
To modify the polling settings:

158 MN100110 Rev C

Settings > Polling
Figure 148: Settings Menu – Polling Option
The Polling Settings dialog box appears.
Figure 149: The Polling Settings Dialog Box
2. Select Enable Polling. Enter the desired polling interval (the minimum polling interval is
1 second).
3. Click Set to save your changes or Abort to close the dialog box without saving changes.
4. Click Refresh to display the updated information.
159 MN100110 Rev C

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BATM Inter Networking

Operating System Web

BiNOSView Software User Guide

VLAN Tagging ..............................................................................................................................47

RIP Configuration Tab........................................................................................................... 113

Software Type Release Number

BiNOSView release 3.7.12

BiNOSView release L2 2.5.0

BiNOSView release 3.6.0

Software Type Release Number

BiNOSCenter release 1.5.4

BTIView (OVW/WIN) release 3.0

Getting Technical Support

Complete CLI Support

BiNOS Multi-Layer Feature Sets

Reports > Description

For additional information, refer to Description.

Figure 1: License Descriptions for Layer 3 Products

Tools>BATM> <BiNOS Device name> Management

In SNMPc the same task is accomplished by double-clicking the device icon.

Figure 3: Typing the IP Address of the Switch

The Enter Network Password dialog box appears.

Figure 4: The Enter Network Password Dialog Box

Figure 5: The BiNOSView Management Screen

• SNMPv1 - when selected, the BiNOSView GUI uses SNMP version 1.

Figure 6: The SNMP Log In Screen for SNMPv1

Figure 7: The SNMP Log In Screen for SNMPv2

Figure 8: The SNMP Log In Screen for SNMPv3

Figure 9: The BiNOSView

For the browser to work properly, proceed as follows:

Figure 10: The Internet Window

8. Click OK in all the windows and restart Internet Explorer.

Introducing the GUI

Figure 11: Main Window for the T4 Routing Switch

Figure 12: BiNOSView Main Window for the T5C Switch

Figure 13: BiNOSView Main Window for the V24S Switch

Figure 14: BiNOSView Menu Bar

Table 2: The Available Menus

Menu Item Option Description

Allows the creation of a new name that appears at the top

Exit Exits the BiNOSView application.

Provides current general parameters regarding the unit,

Sets Spanning Tree, Rapid Spanning Tree and Multiple

Port Monitor Sets the Monitor and Sniffer port.

CPU Monitoring Enables the CPU Monitoring for CPU Utilization.

Ports Sets port properties.

VLANs Configures VLANs.

Trunk & Resilient

ACL controlling and managing user and host access and

ISP (L3 only) Adds/deletes uplink ports.

Controls and manages the routing protocols (RIP, OSPF,

VDSL (VDSL Configures Ethernet-over-VDSL ports, and obtains status

Unit information including unit type, application version,

Learning table listing the network devices connected to

Description of the switch overall forwarding table which

Menu Item Option Description

DHCP Tables (L3

Reports about the routing protocols (including RIP, OSPF,

STP Status Reports the current spanning tree (STP) parameters.

Ports Status Reports the status of all the units’ ports.

Reset Switch resetting options.

Refreshes the BiNOSView window and displays the

General device information and software versions numbers: