Virginia Studies Reproducible S

th
Su eac
e
REPRODUCIBLES
pp he
T
le r’s
AND
m E
en di
ASSESSMENTS
t t tio
o n
Introduction to
History and
Social Science
F I V E P O N D S P R E S S
REPRODUCIBLES & ASSESSMENTS
by Bree Linton and Lisa Arnold

HOW TO USE
OUR VIRGINIA: PAST & PRESENT
The pages in this book coordinate with the ASSESSMENTS
Teacher’s Edition to Our Virginia: Past & Present • Chapter 1 has two assessments. Four
REPRODUCIBLES assessments are available for use at the end of
• Everything in this book is referenced in the chapters 2-9: Two chapter assessments and two
companion Teacher’s Edition. Please be sure to cumulative assessments. These also can be tailored
begin your planning using the Teacher’s Edition, to the needs of individual students using the PDF
as it will give you the background information and files found on the internet.
complete lessons that coordinate with the • We do not suggest you give four tests at the
reproducibles found here. end of each chapter. You may use some as
• In the Teacher’s Edition, the titles for the pages homework, review activities, quizzes, or alternates
of this book are written in bold with the for a failed test. Use some at the end of the
reproducible page number—for example, chapter, in the middle of the next chapter, or at
VIRGINIA’S INDIANS: WHERE AND HOW the end of the year. With so many at your
THEY LIVED REPRODUCIBLE 25 or HILL, fingertips, you can customize their use to your
HOLTON, AND WILDER REPRODUCIBLE 130 style and the needs of this year’s class.
• The chapter quizzes, chapter assessments, • For each chapter the following are available:
and cumulative assessments can be found • Chapter Test A: Written in multiple choice
sequentially at the end of each chapter. format to give students practice and to build
• Answer keys to the quizzes and assessments familiarity with the format of the multiple choice
can be found in a separate section at the end of SOL test.
this book. • Chapter Test B: A short answer assessment
• Everything in this book is also available as with higher level thinking questions and graphic
PDF files on the Internet. Check with your social organizers that allows you to more accurately see
studies director for the username and password. what the students understand and what still needs
You will be able to access the PDF files and alter addressing.
them to fit the needs of your class. • Cumulative Test A: Written in multiple choice
testing format, it is a random collection of
The material in this book is ©2010 the Five Ponds
questions from all the material introduced so far in
Press, Weston, CT. These books are distributed with
every 25-book set of OUR VIRGINIA: Past & Present. the book up to the current chapter.
These assessments and reproducibles are for the sole • Cumulative Test B: Written in a short answer
use of the purchaser of the books and may be format with higher level thinking questions and
photocopied for use by up to 25 students using the graphic organizers.
purchased accompanying textbook. For those books
• At the end of Chapter 9: A practice SOL Test
purchased separately, up to 25 photocopies per
reproducible or assessment page may be made per modeled on the official SOL format of the Virginia
class, per year, unless otherwise noted. Department of Education. This gives you an
accurate picture of how your students may
ISBN 978-0-9824583-3-4
perform on the official test and familiarize you
Printed in the USA
with any SOLs that may need to be re-addressed
before SOL testing begins.
OUR
VIRGINIA
CHAPTER 3: Strangers on the Shores
Chapter 3 Parent Newsletter.........................35-36
Who Was Who in Jamestown..............................37
Who Should Go?................................................38
Reader’s Theater.............................................39-40
TABLE
Vocabulary Strategy: Substitute It!......................41
How To Take A Test.............................................42
OF CONTENTS
Chapter 3: Test A..........................................43-44
Chapter 3: Test B..........................................45-46
Chapters 1-3: Cumulative Test A...................47-48
Chapters 1-3: Cumulative Test B...................49-50
CHAPTER 1: Virginia! CHAPTER 4: A Growing Virginia

Chapter 1 Parent Newsletter................................4-6 Chapter 4 Parent Newsletter.........................51-52
Regions Booklet...................................................7-10 Colonial Culture............................................53-54
Map Analysis: Any Connection?....................11-12 Word Suitcase.....................................................55
The Five Regions of Virginia................................13 Everyday Life in Colonial Virginia........................56
Virginia’s Highways and Major Cities...................14 Chapter 4: Test A............................................57-57A
Graphing Fall Line Cities.........................................15 Chapter 4: Test B..........................................58-59
Concept of Definition Maps................................16 Chapters 1-4: Cumulative Test A...................60-61
How To Take A Test.............................................17 Chapters 1-4: Cumulative Test B...................62-63
Chapter 1: Test A..........................................18-20
Chapter 1: Test B..........................................21-22
CHAPTER 5: The American Revolution
CHAPTER 2: Virginia’s First People Story Map..........................................................66
Chapter 2 Parent Newsletter.........................23-24 What Were They Talking About?.........................67
Virginia’s Indians.................................................25 The Battle of Great Bridge...................................68
How to Take a Test.............................................26 Vocabulary Strategy: Word Map.........................69
Chapter 2: Test A..........................................27-28 Chapter 5: Test A..........................................70-71
Chapter 2: Test B..........................................29-30 Chapter 5: Test B..........................................72-73
Chapters 1-2: Cumulative Test A...................31-32 Chapters 1-5: Cumulative Test A...................74-75
Chapters 1-2: Cumulative Test B...................33-34 Chapters 1-5: Cumulative Test B...................76-77
CHAPTER 6: Building A New Nation CHAPTER 9: Changing Times
Chapter 6 Parent Newsletter.........................78-79 Chapter 9 Parent Newsletter......................123-124
Father of the Constitution Anticipation Set.........80 Virginia Changes..............................................125
Constitutional Confusion....................................81 Blank Fishbone.................................................126
Chapter 6: Test A..........................................82-83 Trouble In School..............................................127
Chapter 6: Test B..........................................84-85 Cause and Effect Chain Organizer.....................128
Chapters 1-6: Cumulative Test A...................86-87 Walker and Ashe...............................................129
Chapters 1-6: Cumulative Test B...................88-89 Hill, Holton, and Wilder..............................130-131
Virginia’s Economy by Region...........................132
Tourism Makes Money.......................................133
Virginia’s Government.....................................134
CHAPTER 7: The Civil War
Virginia’s Government Attribute Chart..............135
Literature Circle.........................................136-137
Set Us Free....................................................92-93
Chapter 9: Test A.......................................138-140
What Side Would Washington Choose?..............94
Chapter 9: Test B.......................................141-143
Battleground: Virginia!........................................95
Chapters 1-9: Cumulative Test A................144-146
Test Taking Strategy: Looking for Opposites........96
Chapters 1-9: Cumulative Test B................147-149
Civil War Newspaper Topics................................97
Test Taking Strategy: Preparing for the Test.......150
Chapter 7: Test A..........................................98-99
Chapter 7: Test B.......................................100-101
CHAPTER 10: End of Year Review
Reproducibles
Review Flash Cards....................................151-159
CHAPTER 8: Rebuilding Virginia
Assessments
Chapter 8 Parent Newsletter......................106-107
Virginia Studies Practice SOL.....................160-166
Two-Column Notes: Jim Crow Days..................108
Answer Keys...........................................167-176
Two-Column Notes: Virginia on the Go............109
Bubble Sheet.....................................................177
Connecting Cities.............................................110
Machines Roar..................................................111
Vocabulary Strategy: Substitute It!....................112
The Soul of Reconstruction........................113-114
Chapter 8: Test A.......................................115-116
Chapter 8: Test B.......................................117-118
REPRODUCIBLE 4
VIRGINIA STUDIES
Parent WELCOME TO
AN EXCITING
NEW SCHOOL
YEAR!
What Is My Child Learning This Year? How Can I Supplement

Your child’s social studies curriculum is determined by the What Is
Virginia Board of Education. This year we will be learning all
about our wonderful state, Virginia. Virginia Studies includes
Happening In Class?
geography and history and is a valuable and exciting program.
You are a vital link to the success
VS.1 Historical and geographic analysis
of your child! For that reason, we
VS.2 Physical geography and native peoples of Virginia
invite you to become an active part
VS.3 Jamestown
VS.4 Virginia Colony
of your’s child’s studies.
VS.5 Virginia in the American Revolution
As each new chapter is started, you
VS.6 Virginia in establishing the United States of America will receive an SOL Newsletter. Each
VS.7 Virginia in the Civil War newsletter has two pages. The first
VS.8 Reconstruction in Virginia page has an overview of the chapter
VS.9 20th and 21st century Virginia and a list of places around the state
VS.10 Virginia’s present day government, geography, and economics that you may want to visit while
your child is studying the chapter.
It also has a list of topics for you to
What About Testing? discuss with your child at home that
There will be a state standardized test given in the spring will help personalize the
testing the Standards of Learning for Virginia Studies. An information we are learning in class.
overview of the topics for these standards is listed above. To view Finally, questions to use for chapter
the official standards and access additional resources, visit the and end-of-year testing are included
Virginia Department of Education (DOE) website at by listing the SOL Essential
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/in Questions from the Department of
dex.shtml. Education.
The second page of the newsletter
How Will My Child Be has the exact information your child
Prepared for the Test? must master by listing the SOL
Essential Knowledge from the
The textbook we are using for Virginia Virginia Department of Education.
Studies, Our Virginia: Past & Present, by You may wish to keep these
Five Ponds Press, was specifically designed newsletters in a three ring binder,
to meet the Standards of Learning. There folder, or other safe place so that
are a variety of materials and strategies you can use them to help your child
built into the book to help students review throughout the year as we
master the content, continually review the prepare for the state SOL test in the
material, and practice test-taking skills. spring.
©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

REPRODUCIBLE 5
VIRGINIA STUDIES
Parent CHAPTER
ONE:
GEOGRAPHY
What Are We Studying Now?

From the Atlantic beaches to the high plateaus of the
Appalachian Plateau, Virginia is a spectacular state. This
chapter will develop our students’ understanding of the
physical geography of Virginia. It discusses how to describe
places in relative terms, Virginia’s five geographic regions,
What Questions Should
and Virginia’s water features that were significant in its early I Ask to Help My Child
history. For the exact knowledge that is expected of your Prepare for the Test?
child, refer to the SOL Essential Knowledge listed on page 2 of
this newsletter. The following are the SOL
Essential Questions for this
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning standard. The answers to these
The best way to understand the geographic regions is to see questions are listed in the Essential
them and compare them. Throughout the school year, Knowledge, on page 2.
students will be learning about events that occurred across • What are some ways that
the state. If you visit some of the sites your child is studying, relative location can be described?
be sure to point out the geographic features of the region you • What large bodies of water
are visiting. border Virginia?
• What states border Virginia?
Talk About It! • What are the five geographic
regions in Virginia?
Tie what your child is learning at school into experiences • How do the geographic regions
that will help make the information more meaningful. This of Virginia differ?
makes it more fun to learn and easier to retain and remember
• Where are the geographic
at test time. The following topics are great to discuss at
regions of Virginia located?
dinner or in the car:
• Which water features were
• Challenge family members to describe the relative
important to the early history of
location of food on the table or landmarks on the street.
Virginia?
• Discuss the regions and water features of our state by
• How did water features
recalling details from personal experiences.
influence the development of
• Review the regions your family has visited or passed Virginia?
through on your way to somewhere else.
• How did the flow of rivers
• Determine in what regions you have family members. affect the settlement of Virginia?
• Recall memories from vacations to Virginia’s rivers, the • What is a peninsula?
chesapeake Bay, or the Atlantic Ocean.
• Where is the Eastern Shore
• Examine family vacation photographs. What geographic located?
features are shown in the photos?

REPRODUCIBLE 6
Essential Knowledge for Chapter One (VS.2 a-c)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the physical geography of Virginia by:
a) locating Virginia and its bordering c) locating and identifying water features
• Relative location may be described using

states on maps of the United States. important to the early history of Virginia
terms that show connections between two

(Atlantic Ocean, Chesapeake Bay, James
places such as “next to,” “near,” “bordering”

River, York River, Potomac River,
• Bordering bodies of water: Atlantic Ocean,

Rappahannock River, and Lake Drummond
Chesapeake Bay • Peninsula: a piece of land bordered by water

and the Dismal Swamp).
• Bordering states: Maryland, West Virginia, on three sides

Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina • Atlantic Ocean: provided transportation links
between Virginia and other places (e.g., Europe,
Africa, Caribbean)
• Chesapeake Bay: provided a safe harbor and
b) locating and describing Virginia’s
was a source of food and transportation

Coastal Plain (Tidewater), Piedmont, Blue
• James River: flows into the Chesapeake Bay.

Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and
• Fall Line: the natural border between the Richmond and Jamestown located along the
Appalachian Plateau.
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont James River

Regions, where waterfalls prevent further travel • York River: flows into the Chesapeake Bay.
on the river Yorktown located along the York River
• Coastal Plain (Tidewater): flat land, location • Potomac River: flows into the Chesapeake
near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay Bay. Alexandria located along the Potomac
(includes the Eastern Shore), east of the Fall River
Line • Rappahannock River: flows into the
• Piedmont (land at the foot of mountains): Chesapeake Bay. Fredericksburg located on the
rolling hills, west of the Fall Line Rappahannock River
• Blue Ridge Mountains: old, rounded • Each river was a source of food and provided
mountains, part of Appalachian Mountain a pathway for exploration and settlement of
system, located between Piedmont and Valley Virginia
and Ridge Regions, source of many rivers • Lake Drummond: located in the Coastal Plain
• Valley and Ridge: includes the Great Valley of (Tidewater) Region, shallow natural lake
Virginia and other valleys separated by ridges surrounded by the Dismal Swamp
(the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Valley and • Dismal Swamp: located in the Coastal Plain
Ridge Regions are part of the Appalachian (Tidewater) Region, variety of wildlife
Mountain system), located west of Blue Ridge • George Washington explored and surveyed the
Mountains Dismal Swamp
• Appalachian Plateau (Plateau: area of • The Eastern Shore is a peninsula bordered by
elevated land that is flat on top): located in the Chesapeake Bay to the west and the Atlantic
Southwest Virginia, only a small part of the Ocean to the east
plateau is located in Virginia

DEFINITIONS:
THE FALL LINE Fall Line
Many early Virginia cities developed
along the Fall Line—the natural
border between the Tidewater and
VIRGINIA’S REGIONS
REPRODUCIBLE 7
Piedmont Regions.
Erosion
5

Mark the Fall Line in red.
Color the Tidewater Region green.
Color the Piedmont Region yellow.
The Fall Line affected settlement by
Explorer’s Journal
NAME
7
COASTAL PLAIN (TIDEWATER) WATER FEATURES
Many early Virginia cities
developed along the Fall
Line—the natural border
Color the Coastal DEFINITIONS: Circle the Eastern Shore.
Plain in Green.
between the Coastal Plain
Tides Draw the Dismal
(Tidewater) and
Swamp.
–––––––––––––––––––––– Piedmont regions.
––––––––––––––––––––––
• Flat land near Atlantic Ocean –––––––––––––––––––––– The Atlantic Ocean influenced the development of Virginia by
and Chesapeake Bay –––––––––––––––––––––– _________________________________________________________
• Includes the Eastern _________________________________________________________
––––––––––––––––––––––
Shore _________________________________________________________
Tidewater
• East of the Fall Line The Chesapeake Bay influenced development by
––––––––––––––––––––––
_________________________________________________________
––––––––––––––––––––––
_________________________________________________________
One word that comes to mind
–––––––––––––––––––––– _________________________________________________________
when thinking of the Coastal
Plain (Tidewater) is ––––––––––––––––––––––
A peninsula is
––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
__________________________
THE DISMAL SWAMP All rivers flow into the –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Other key words that will help
P
me remember how this region What lives in the Dismal
A HANDY TIP! Please remember the first letter of these words to remember
is different from the others Swamp?
_______________________ ___________________
Virginia’s four big rivers. The four rivers are:
R

_______________________ ___________________ lease
_______________________ ___________________
Y
REPRODUCIBLE 8
_______________________ Who explored and emember

J
surveyed the Dismal
The main geographic feature is Swamp?
_______________________ ___________________
our
___________________
1 6
acket
BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS VALLEY AND RIDGE
• Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other valleys
• Old rounded mountains. separated by ridges
• Part of the Appalachian Mountain system. • Located west of the Blue Ridge Mountains
• Located between the Piedmont and Valley and Ridge Regions. • The Blue Ridge Color the
REPRODUCIBLE 9
Valley and Ridge pink

• Source of many rivers. Mountains and the Valley
Color the Blue Ridge
Mountains in blue
and Ridge Regions are
part of the Appalachian
Mountain system.
Two words that come to mind when talking about the

The mountains are rounded because Valley and Ridge are:
_____________________________________________________ _____________________ and ________________________
_____________________________________________________ The main industry of the area is ________________________

Draw a picture of that industry.
_____________________________________________________
One word that comes to mind when thinking of the Blue

Ridge Mountains is ____________________________________
Other key words that will help me remember how this

region is different from the others

_____________________________________________________
and _________________________________________________
3
4
APPALACHIAN PLATEAU
2 5
PIEDMONT
• Located in Southwest Color the
Appalachian Plateau s 2OLLING Hills #OLOR THE
Virginia purple 0IEDMONT pink
s WeST OF THE FALL Line.
• Only a small part of
the plateau is in A piedmont is the
Virginia. land at the foot of
mountains.
A plateau is an area of land with high elevation that is
flat on top. The main geographic feature of the region is
_____________________________________________________
Two words that come to mind when talking about the
Valley and Ridge are _____________________________________________________
_____________________ and ________________________
The main industry of the area is
The main industry of the area is ________________________. _____________________________________________________
Draw a picture.
region is different from the others:
_____________________________________________________
and__________________________________________________

REPRODUCIBLE 10

_____________________________________________________
and _________________________________________________
5
2
MAP ANALYSIS: Any Connection?
REPRODUCIBLE 11 PA R T 1 o f 2
NAME
Let's examine the maps on page 12 and 13 to compare the topography of

Virginia with its population. Topography is defined as the showing of
surface features of a region including land and water features. We are going
to collect data from these three maps to see if we can draw any conclusions
about why people in Virginia have settled where they have. To organize the
data, we first need to divide Virginia into sections. Flip to pages 14 and 15
to see Virginia's five natural geographic regions.
STEP 1: RELIEF
Chart the height above sea level for each region in the top row. How? Look
carefully at the colors on the map in the bottom left of page 12 and compare that
to the regions shown on pages 14 and 15. Do you notice anything interesting?
When you're ready, look at the example of Coastal Plains and then fill in the rest.
Blue Coastal
Appalachian Valley and Ridge Piedmont
Plateau Ridge Plain
Mountains (Tidewater)
Height 0-150
above sea
level in feet
Population 2,500-
per county 32,000
or city
Exceptions to Areas closest

population to the ocean
per county 100,000 to
or city 1,000,000
STEP 2: POPULATION
Now add to the second row in your chart the number of people who are living in most areas of
each region by looking at the map in the bottom right corner of page 13. If you notice a cluster of
something different in one part of the region, make a note of it in the last row. See the example of
the Coastal Plain.

REPRODUCIBLE 12 PA R T 2 o f 2
NAME
Step 3: Analysis
Use the data in your chart and the maps in the book to answer the following questions.
1. What is the connection between how Virginia is divided into regions and the
elevations of the land?
2. Which region(s) have the most people living near each other?
3. Which counties' populations are the densest (have the most people)?
4. Which counties' populations are the sparsest (have the fewest people)?
5. How do Virginia's bordering water features affect population? List the data you found to
support your answer.
6. How do the high mountains affect population? List the data you found to support your
answer.
7. From looking at the highway map, what connections did you find between
population, cities, and highways?
8. Explain one thing that surprised you as you looked more closely at the maps and data.

REPRODUCIBLE 13

REPRODUCIBLE 14
Virginia’s Highways and Major Cities

Interstate Highways

State Capital
Major City ARLINGTON WASHINGTON. D.C.

MANASSAS ALEXANDRIA
City PRINCE WILLIAM
81
Small City/County FREDERICKSBURG
STAUNTON
United States Capital
95
CHARLOTTESVILLE 64
64
RICHMOND
LYNCHBURG 64 WILLIAMSBURG
PETERSBURG HAMPTON
81 ROANOKE
NEWPORT NORFOLK
85 NEWS
95
BRISTOL 81 77 64 VIRGINIA
PORTSMOUTH BEACH
Graphing Fall Line Cities NAME
110
100
REPRODUCIBLE 15
90
80

70
60
50
40
30
E L E V AT I O N I N M E T E R S
20
10
KEY West East West East West East West East

Elevation to
the west ALEXANDRIA FREDERICKSBURG RICHMOND PETERSBURG
Elevation to
the east
The elevation of the land on the east side of the Fall Line is much lower
than the land to the west. Use the data chart on the left to create a bar
graph showing the differences.
DATA CHART 1. Plot the elevation for land west of Alexandria on the graph. Plot the
FALL LINE CITY ELEVATION TO THE WEST ELEVATION TO THE EAST land land east of Alexandria.
2. Draw a bar from the west and east labels up to the plotted points.
Alexandria 110 meters 80 meters
3. Repeat the process for each city.
Fredericksburg 110 meters 60 meters 4. Select two colors for your key. Color in the key boxes.
Richmond 70 meters 40 meters 5. Fill in the bars of your graph with the corresponding color.
6. Interpret the data by answering this question:
Petersburg 70 meters 40 meters
What does the graph visually demonstrate to you?
CONCEPT OF DEFINITION MAPS
REPRODUCIBLE 16
Name __________________________________________________________________________________
What is it?
What is it like?
What are some examples in Virginia?
What is it?
What is it like?
What are some examples in Virginia?

HOW TO TAKE A TEST
REPRODUCIBLE 17
Name ___________________________________________________________________________________
Test Taking Strategies 1: Reading the Question and Answer Choices
1 The Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and

Piedmont Regions are separated by a
natural border of waterfalls called the —
A Big Waterfalls of Virginia
B Coastline
C Fall Line
D Border Line
2 Which region of Virginia has old,

rounded mountains and is a source of
many rivers?
F Blue Ridge Mountains
G Coastal Plain
H Valley and Ridge
J Appalachian Mountains
3 What part of Virginia is a peninsula

bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to
the west and the Atlantic Ocean to
the east?
A Great Peninsula of Virginia
B Tidewater Region
C Eastern Bay
D Eastern Shore

CHAPTER 1: TEST A
REPRODUCIBLE 18 1 OF 3
Name____________________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Read each question and choose the best answer.
1 The four major rivers of Virginia are 5 The four major rivers of Virginia
the Potomac River, the James River, all flow into the–
the York River, and the– A Appalachian Mountains
A Rappahannock River B Chesapeake Bay
B New River C Pacific Ocean
C Chickahominy River D Shenandoah River
D Roanoke River
6 The Blue Ridge Mountains are
2 What region of Virginia has rolling
part of what larger mountain
hills and fields and is located just
system?
west of the Fall Line?
F Rocky Mountains
F Coastal Plain
G Smoky Mountains
G Blue Ridge Mountains
H Alleghany Mountains
H Piedmont
J Appalachian Mountains
J Valley and Ridge
3 What natural border of waterfalls 7 The Chesapeake Bay was a major

between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) source of–
and the Piedmont prevents further A food and transportation
travel on the river? B farming and manufacturing
A Chesapeake Bay C skiing and mountain hiking
B Eastern Shore D mining and drilling
C James River
D Fall Line
Use the map to answer question 4.
H
4 According to the map above, what
state borders Virginia to the south?
F Maryland
G Kentucky
H North Carolina
J Tennessee

REPRODUCIBLE 19 CHAPTER 1: TEST A 2 of 3

11 Which number on the map
represents the Chesapeake Bay?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
Richmond
Jamestown 12 An area of elevated land that is

flat on top is called a(n)–
8 The major river on which the two F peninsula
places on this map are located is – G Fall Line
F the James River H estuary
G the York River J plateau
H the Rappahannock River
J the Potomac River 13 The first European settlers in
Virginia built their homes east of
9 In which region do we find the the Fall Line because–
Great Valley of Virginia? A the land was better for
A Valley and Ridge farming
B Blue Ridge Mountains B they liked the climate better
C Piedmont C there were more natural
D Appalachian Plateau resources
D it was easier to transport
Use the map to answer question 10 and 11. goods and people
14 The Blue Ridge Mountains are a

4 source of many–
F rivers
G oceans
1 2 3 H streams
J lakes
15 The city of Alexandria is located

10 Which number on the map along which major Virginia
represents the Eastern Shore? river?
F 1 A James River
G 2 B York River
H 3 C Rappahannock River
J 4 D Potomac River

16 Which region has only a small part of it

located in Virginia and the rest in other
bordering states?
F Appalachian Plateau
G Valley and Ridge
H Piedmont
J Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
17 “Piedmont” is a French word

that means–
A land with rolling hills
B land next to the water
C land at the foot of mountains
D mountains with many valleys
18 The four major rivers of Virginia

that flow into the Chesapeake
Bay are separated by–
F islands
G peninsulas
H the Fall Line
J an ocean
19 Lake Drummond and the Dismal

Swamp are located in the–
A Coastal Plain
B Ridge and Valley
C Chesapeake Bay
D Appalachian Mountains
20 What famous Virginian explored

and surveyed the Dismal Swamp?
F Thomas Jefferson
G Christopher Newport
H Meriwether Lewis
J George Washington

CHAPTER 1: TEST B
Name_________________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Use the regions in the box to fill in the blank. Questions 1-5
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Piedmont Valley and Ridge

Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Plateau
1 The___________________ is located in Southwest Virginia, and only a small part of it is

actually located in Virginia.
2 The rolling hills of the __________________Region are just west of the Fall Line.
3 The _________________ Region of Virginia contains the flat land east of the Fall Line and
many peninsulas including the Eastern Shore.
4 The ______________________ Region is a source of many rivers that begin in the old,
rounded mountains of the Appalachians.
5 The Great Valley of Virginia is located just west of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the
_____________________ Region.
DIRECTIONS: Read each question and write the answer in complete sentences. Questions 6-14
6 The Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions are separated by a natural border of
waterfalls. What is this called?
7 What two large bodies of water border Virginia?
8 Write a definition of a peninsula. Then name Virginia’s largest peninsula.
9 Why was the Atlantic Ocean an important transportation link for Virginia?

REPRODUCIBLE 22 CHAPTER 1: TEST B 2 of 2
10 Virginia has five border states. Name three.
11 The James, York, Rappahannock, and Potomac Rivers all flow into what body of water?
12 Virginians used the French word “Piedmont” to describe and name a region. What
does the word mean?
13 Why did early Europeans decide to settle east the Fall Line?
14 What lake is surrounded by the Dismal Swamp?
DIRECTIONS: Label the name of the rivers below in the correct blank.
C
D
15 River A________________________________________
16 River B________________________________________
17 River C________________________________________
18 River D________________________________________
REPRODUCIBLE 23
VIRGINIA STUDIES
Parent CHAPTER
TWO:
VIRGINIA’S
FIRST PEOPLE
What Are We Studying Now? What Questions Should

This chapter includes VS.2 d-g by developing students’ I Ask to Help My Child
understanding of Virginia’s native peoples both past and
present. It discusses the locations, languages, and cultures of
Prepare for the Test?
Virginia Indians; how the cultures have changed over time; and
The following are the SOL
how archeologists help us learn about the past.
Essential Questions for this standard.
The answers are listed in the
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning Essential Knowledge, on page 2.
If you live near a present-day tribe, call to check on public • Why are native peoples called
events such as powows and family activities. Indians?
• Check with your local art or history museums for exhibits • What evidence is there that
about American Indian life. American Indians lived in all areas
• Consider a visit to the Monacan Ancestral Museum in of the state?
Amherst, the Native American Village Complex in Natural • What were the three major
Bridge, the Pamunkey Indian Museum and Pottery in King language groups found in Virginia
William, or the Virginia Museum of Natural History in and where was each located?
Martinsville. • What are some characteristics of
Virginia’s climate?
Talk About It! • What are some ways Virginia’s
• Brainstorm what local names of rivers, towns, streets, or American Indians related to their
schools might have derived from native peoples. Then, based on climate and interacted with their
the region in which you live, guess from which major language environment to meet their basic
group the word may have come. needs?
• Recall family trips to museums and parks where you have • How do Virginia’s American
seen American Indian artifacts. Review what you learned at Indians live today in relation to the
those visits about archeology. way they lived in the past?
• Discuss the term “Eastern Woodland” in relation to forests • Why is archeology important?
you have seen around your home and around the state. When • How can new findings change
you encounter a lack of trees, were the trees naturally absent, or the understanding of history?
had they been removed by people? • What was Werowocomoco?
• Think about how your family life changes with Virginia’s • What was Jamestown?
distinct seasons and compare that to what your child has • What are the names of the
learned about the Virginia Indians of long ago. current state-recognized tribes?
• Plan an outing to visit a current state-recognized tribe. • Where are the current state-
recognized tribes located in
Virginia today?

REPRODUCIBLE 24
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Two (VS.2 d-g)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of native peoples, past and present, of Virginia by:
• Animal skins (deerskin) were used for

clothing.
d) locating three American Indian
• Shelter was made from materials around them.

language groups (the Algonquian, the
• Native peoples of the past farmed, hunted, and

Siouan, and the Iroquoian) on a map of
• Christopher Columbus called the people he fished. They made homes using natural
Virginia.
found in the lands he explored “Indians,” resources. They used animal skins for clothing in
because he thought he was in the Indies (near the winter.
China). • Today most native peoples live like other
• Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and Americans. Their cultures have changed over
other tools that have been found tell a lot about time.
the people who lived in Virginia.
• Algonquian languages were spoken primarily
in the Tidewater Region; the Powhatan were
f) describing how archaeologists have
part of this group.

recovered new material evidence through
• Siouan languages were spoken primarily in

sites including Werowocomoco and
the Piedmont Region; the Monacan were part of • Archeologists study all kinds of material
Jamestown.
this group. evidence left from people of the past.

• Iroquoian languages were spoken in • Werowocomoco was a large Indian town used
Southwestern Virginia and in Southern Virginia by Indian leaders for several hundred years
near what is today North Carolina; the before the English settlers came. It was the
Cherokee were part of this group. headquarters of the leader, Powhatan, in 1607.
• Jamestown became the first permanent
English settlement in North America.
Archeologists have discovered the site of the
e) describing how American Indians
original fort. The recovered artifacts give

related to the climate and their
archeologists clues about the interactions of

environment to secure food, clothing, and
• The climate in Virginia is relatively mild with

English, Africans, and Indians in early Virginia.
shelter.
distinct seasons – spring, summer, fall, and

winter – resulting in a variety of vegetation.
• Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover
g) identifying and locating the current
most of the land. Virginia’s Indians are referred
• American Indians, who trace their family
to as Eastern Woodland Indians.
state-recognized tribes.
history back to before 1607, continue to live in

• The kinds of food they ate, the clothing they
all parts of Virginia today.
wore, and the shelters they had depended upon
• The current state-recognized tribes are located
the seasons.
in the following regions: Coastal Plain
• Foods changed with the seasons. In winter
(Tidewater) Region–Chickahominy Tribe,
they hunted birds and animals and lived on
Eastern Chickahominy Tribe, Mattaponi Tribe,
stored foods from the previous fall. In spring
Nansemond Tribe, Pamunkey Tribe,
they hunted, fished, and picked berries. In
Rappahannock Tribe, Upper Mattaponi Tribe.
summer they grew crops (beans, corn, squash).
Piedmont Region–Monacan Tribe.
In fall they harvested crops and hunted for
foods to preserve and keep for the winter.

REPRODUCIBLE 25

HOW TO TAKE A TEST
REPRODUCIBLE 26
Name ___________________________________________________________________________________
Test Taking Strategy 2: Eliminating Answer Choices
1 Where was Christopher Columbus

originally headed when he set sail from
Europe?
A the Indies
B China
C Africa
D Indiana
2 Virginia's American Indians referred to

corn, beans, and squash as the–
F “crops that feed”
G “three sisters”
H “Eastern Woodland diet”
J “three brothers”
3 The Monacan people were a part of

what American Indian language group?
A Algonquian
B Cherokee
C Siouan
D Piedmont

CHAPTER 2: TEST A
Name
1 What did Virginia's Indians use for 6 Virginia's American Indians are
clothing? referred to as–
A tree bark F Forest Indians
B leaves and vines G Mid Atlantic Indians
C animal skins H Tree Indians
D cotton J Eastern Woodland Indian
2 What language was primarily 7 How can the climate of Virginia be

spoken in Southwestern and described?
Southern Virginia? A mild with four distinct seasons
F Iroquoian B harsh with four distinct seasons
G Siouan C moderate with three distinct
H Algonquian seasons
J Powhatan D mild with two distinct seasons
3 Christopher Columbus called the
people he found in the lands he
discovered “Indians” because–
A he thought he was in Africa
1 4
B they told him to call them that 2
C all foreigners were called “Indians”
3 3
at that time
D he thought he was in the Indies
4 Which of the following is an 8 Which number on the map shows

example of an artifact? the location where Algonquian was
F the “three sisters” spoken?
G arrow head F 1
H Powhatan Nation G 2
J vegetation H 3
J 4
5 For American Indians, the kinds of
food, clothing, and shelter they had 9 During the winter months, many of
depended on— Virginia's American Indians–
A the ocean tides A planted crops
B the Fall Line B hunted birds and animals
C the seasons C built igloos
D the phases of the moon D harvested their crops
10 In what region of Virginia did the 15 What was Werowocomoco?

Siouan speaking tribes live? A a large Indian town used by Indian
F Mountain and Valley leaders for hundreds of years
G Blue Ridge Mountains before the English came
H Piedmont B the name of the Indian tribe that
J Coastal Plain welcomed Columbus when he first
landed in North America
11 The Monacan were a part of which C chief of the Monacan tribe of
major American Indian language American Indians that signed a
group in Virginia? treaty with the English settlers
A Powhatan D a modern day American Indian
B Siouan settlement in Virginia
C Iroquoian
D Algonquian 16 Which of the following is NOT a
current state-recognized tribe?
12 Beans, corn, and squash were grown F Chickahominy
during the – G Mattaponi
F summer H Powhatan
G fall J Pamunkey
H winter
J spring 17 Today's American Indians, who trace
their family history back to before
1607, continue to live—
13 The Powhatan spoke which A in all parts of Virginia
American Indian language? B only the Tidewater Region
A Algonquian C just on the Eastern Shore
B Siouan D only on Indian reservations
C Iroquoian
D Cherokee
14 What did Virginia's American

Indians use to build their shelters?
F artifacts
G capital resources
H “three sisters”
J natural resources

CHAPTER 2: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: The Americans Indians adapted to the climate in Virginia by eating different foods
during the different seasons. Match the food with the season.
1 _____Winter A harvested their crops and hunted for food to
preserve and keep
2 _____Spring B hunted, fished, and picked berries
3 _____Summer C hunted birds and other animals and lived on stored

foods from the previous season
4 _____Fall D grew crops like beans, corn, and squash
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the chart.
7 Give two 8 Why are ARTIFACTS

5 What is 6 Define the word
examples of an important to us
ARCHEOLOGY? ARTIFACT.
ARTIFACT. today?
DIRECTIONS: Read and answer each question using complete sentences.

9 Why did Columbus call the people he found in the lands he discovered “Indians”?
10 What name was given to all Virginia's Indians and why is that appropriate?
11 The Cherokee were part of which language group?
12 Name two natural resources the American Indians used to make their clothing and
shelters?

REPRODUCIBLE 30 CHAPTER 2: TEST B 2 OF 2
13 Describe the climate in Virginia.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
14 How do Virginia's American Indians live today?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
15 What was Werowocomoco?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
16 Where are most of the state-recognized tribes located in Virginia today?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
17 What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Identify which American Indian

language was spoken in each of the areas
identified on the map using the words
Algonquian, Siouan, and Iroquoian. Put your
answers on the blanks below.
C
B
A A
18 A:___________________________________
19 B:___________________________________
20 C:___________________________________

CHAPTERS 1-2: CUMULATIVE TEST A
Name
1 Virginia's capital, Richmond, is located
along which major river?
A James River 1
B York River
2
C Rappahannock River
D Potomac River
3
2 The first European settlers built their 4
settlements east of the Fall Line
because–
F rolling hills were better for farming
G winters were less severe 6 Which number on the map identifies
H transporting goods to and from the York River?
Europe was easier F 1
J American Indians would not let G 2
them cross the Fall Line H 3
J 4
3 Arrowheads, spears, and tools left
behind by the American Indians are 7 Into what large body of water do
examples of– Virginia’s big rivers flow?
A fossils A Tidewater Bay
B traditions B Atlantic Ocean
C artifacts C Chesapeake Bay
D three sisters D Coastal Plain Waters
4 What language was primarily spoken In 8 During which season did American
the Piedmont Region? Indians harvest their crops?
F Powhatan F spring
G Siouan G summer
H Algonquian H fall
J Iroquoian J winter
5 What is the definition of a peninsula? 9 Five states border Virginia. They are
A land bordered by water on three Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky,
sides Tennessee, and–
B land surrounded by water A North Carolina
C elevated land that is flat on top B South Carolina
D land with water on two sides C Ohio
D Delaware
REPRODUCIBLE 32 CHAPTER 2: CUMULATIVE TEST A 2 OF 2
10 The climate in Virginia can be described 14 Virginia's Indian shelters were made
as– from–
F severe winters for most of the year F materials traded from Europeans
G mild with four different seasons G large caves in the side of
H warm throughout the year mountains
J moderate with three distinct H animal hides strapped together to
seasons make teepees
J natural resources gathered from
11 The Blue Ridge Mountains Region and the land
the Valley and Ridge Region are both a
part of the– 15 The Chesapeake Bay was important to
A Appalachian Plateau the settlement of Virginia because it
B Appalachian Mountain system provided–
C Great Mountain system A a safe harbor and a source of food
D Virginia peninsula B many trees and good farming
C waterfalls that kept American
12 The Powhatan Indians spoke– Indians away
F Algonquian D easy access to Tennessee
G Siouan
H Iroquoian 16 Many major Virginia cities are located
J Cherokee along rivers. This was because–
F settlers had no way to cross the
Use the picture to answer question 13.
large rivers
G the farmland was more fertile near
water for better crops
H it provided an easy escape from
enemies
J it provided a pathway to explore
and settle Virginia
17 The Eastern Shore is bordered by two

large bodies of water. What are they?
A Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
B Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay
C Pacific Ocean and Chesapeake Bay
D Atlantic Ocean and Powhatan Bay
13 According to the illustration, what did
American Indians use for clothing?
A alligator hides
B fish scales
C animal skins
D tree bark

CHAPTERS 1-2: CUMULATIVE TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Label the map of Virginia with the correct regions listed in the box below.
Questions 1-5.
5
1
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) • Appalachian Plateau

3 Ridge and Valley • Piedmont • Blue Ridge Mountains
DIRECTIONS: Match the river with the major city or cities located along its shores.
6 _____James River A Alexandria
7 _____York River B Fredericksburg
8 _____Rappahannock River C Yorktown
9 _____Potomac D Richmond and Jamestown
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blank with the correct season (spring, summer, fall, or winter).
10 American Indians did much of their harvesting during the ____________________.
11 In ______________________, many tribes hunted birds and other animals and lived off of stored
foods from the previous season.
12 Crops such as beans, corn, and squash grew during the ____________________.
13 During the ____________________ many American Indians were out hunting, fishing,
and picking berries.
REPRODUCIBLE 34 CHAPTER 2: CUMULATIVE TEST B 2 of 2
DIRECTIONS: Read each question and write your answer in complete sentences.
14 What are the two large bodies of water that border Virginia? ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
15 Explain the importance of Werowocomoco.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
16 In what part of Virginia was Iroquoian spoken?___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
17 What information do artifacts and fossils give us?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
18 In what region is most of Virginia’s coal located?________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
19 Describe the landscape of the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region. ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
20 Name two state-recognized tribes in Virginia today.______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
21 Explain why early European settlers chose to build settlements east of the Fall Line.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

REPRODUCIBLE 35
CHAPTER
Parents
THREE:
JAMESTOWN
What Are We Studying Now? Questions to Ask to Help

The story of our modern American nation began right Prepare for the Test
here in Virginia, in a swampy place that a group of weary
English settlers named Jamestown. Students will learn SOL Essential Questions:
about the first permanent English settlement, discuss the • What were the reasons for English
reasons for the settlement, experience life there, learn colonization in America?
about the system of government, and understand the • What were the reasons why the
settlers’ interactions with the native peoples. Jamestown settlers came to
America?
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning • Where is Jamestown located?
• Historic Jamestown in Colonial National Park is the • Why did the settlers choose the
original site of the Jamestown Settlement. It is operated by site at Jamestown?
the National Park Service. • What was the importance of the
• Jamestown Settlement is adjacent to the original site. It charters of the Virginia Company of
is a private living history museum with a reconstructed London to the Jamestown
settler’s fort, ships, a Powhatan village, and museum. Settlement?
• Henricus Historical Park in Chester is a recreation of • What was Jamestown’s system of
the second English settlement, the Citie of Henricus. government called?
• What was the House of Burgesses,
Talk About It! and why was it important?
• Share examples of the space race or the current race for • What was the impact of the arrival
alternative fuels. Talk about the political and economic of Africans on the Jamestown
motivations behind these challenges. Draw a connection Settlement?
from these current events to Europe’s motivation for • What was the impact of the arrival
exploration and settlement in the 1600s. of additional women on the
Jamestown Settlement?
• Discuss what types of people you would want to bring
with you on an exploration to Jamestown. For fun, decide • What hardships did the
Jamestown settlers face?
which family members and friends would be great for this
task and which would be better staying in England. • What changes took place that
resulted in the survival of the settlers?
• Imagine your family lived in Jamestown. Determine the
roles each family member would take. • How did the native peoples and
the English settlers interact?
• Brainstorm a list of reasons why families make your
community stronger. • Why did the relationship between
the settlers and the native peoples
• Recall a time your immediate or extended family found
change?
itself in a challenge that was harder than you had expected.
• How did the Powhatan contribute
Discuss how your family handled the situation.
to the survival of the settlers?

REPRODUCIBLE 36
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Three (VS.3)
• The current Virginia General Assembly dates from the

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the first permanent English Settlement by:
• England wanted to establish an American colony to establishment of the House of Burgesses at Jamestown in
a) explaining the reasons for English colonization.
increase its wealth and power. 1619.

• England hoped to find silver and gold in America.
• An American settlement would furnish raw materials that
e) identifying the importance of the arrival of Africans
could not be grown or obtained in England, while opening • Portuguese sailors captured African men and women from
and women to the Jamestown Settlement.
new markets for trade. what is present-day Angola. The status of these early African
• Jamestown was primarily an economic venture. men and women as either servants or slaves in Virginia is
• The stockholders of the Virginia Company of London unknown.
financed the settlement of Jamestown. • Africans arrived in Jamestown against their will in 1619.
• Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement • The arrival of Africans made it possible to expand the
in North America in 1607. tobacco economy.
• The arrival of additional women in 1620 made it possible
for more settlers to establish families and a permanent
b) describing how geography influenced the decision
• When the settlers arrived in 1607, Jamestown was located settlement at Jamestown.
to settle at Jamestown.
on a narrow peninsula bordered on three sides by the James

River. Today, Jamestown is located on an island in the James
f) describing the hardships faced by the settlers at
River.
Jamestown and the changes that took place to ensure
• Instructions told the settlers to go inland and find a • The site they chose to live on was marshy and lacked safe
survival.
suitable place for their colony. drinking water.

• The location could be easily defended from attack by sea • The settlers lacked some skills necessary to provide for
(by the Spanish). themselves.
• The water along the shore was deep enough for ships to • Many settlers died of starvation and disease.
dock. • The arrival of supply ships, the forced work program and
• They believed they had a good supply of fresh water. strong leadership of Captain John Smith, and the emphasis on
c) identifying the importance of the charters of the agriculture resulted in the survival of the colony.
Virginia Company of London in establishing the g) describing the interactions between the English
• The King of England granted charters to the Virginia

Jamestown Settlement. settlers and the native peoples, including the
Company of London to establish a settlement in North

contributions of Powhatan to the survival of the
America and extend English rights to the settlers. • Captain John Smith initiated trading relationships with the
settlers.
native peoples.
• The native peoples mainly traded food with the English in
d) identifying the importance of the General Assembly
exchange for tools, pots, and copper for jewelry.

(1619) as the first representative legislative body in
• In 1619 the governor of Virginia called a meeting of the • The native peoples contributed to the survival of the
English America.
General Assembly. The General Assembly included two Jamestown settlers in several ways.
representatives (called “burgesses”) from each of the • Powhatan, chief of many tribes, provided leadership to his
divisions of Virginia along with the governor’s council and people and taught the settlers survival skills.
the governor. They met as one legislative body. (At that time, • Pocahontas, daughter of Powhatan, served as a contact
only certain free adult men had a right to take part.) between the native peoples and the English.
• By the 1640s, the burgesses became a separate legislative • The native peoples showed the settlers how to plant corn
body, called the House of Burgesses. They met separately and tobacco.
from the Governor’s Council as one of the two legislative • Over time, the native peoples realized the English
bodies of the General Assembly. settlement would continue to grow.
• The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative • The native peoples came to see the settlers as invaders
body in English America giving settlers the opportunity to who would take over their land.
control their own government.
WHO WAS WHO IN JAMESTOWN
REPRODUCIBLE 37
Occupations of the First Settlers in Jamestown, 1607

Name
COUNCIL: Master Edward Maria Wingfield, A BARBER? With all the challenges of going
Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, Captain John to a foreign land to start a colony from
Smith, Captain John Ratliffe, Captain John
scratch, do you think someone to cut your
Martin, Captain George Kendall
hair nicely was important? Actually, in the
PREACHER: Master Robert Hunt 1600s, barbers had the responsibility of
doing dental work and medical procedures,
GENTLEMEN: Master George Percie, Anthony
Gosnoll, Captain Gabriell Archer, Robert Ford, along with cutting hair. Begin by finding out
William Bruster, Dru Pickhouse, John Brookes, who did what. Briefly list the responsibilities
Thomas Sands, John Robinson, Ustis Clovill, of each occupation.
Kellam Throgmorton, Nathaniell Powell, Robert
Behethland, Jeremy Alicock, Thomas Studley,
Richard Crofts, Nicholas Houlgrave, Thomas COUNCIL_________________________________
Webbe, John Waler, William Tanker, Francis
Snarsbrough, Edward Brookes, Richard Dixon, PREACHER________________________________
John Martin, George Martin, Anthony Gosnold,
Thomas Gore, Francis Midwinter,
Thomas Wotton (Surgeon) GENTLEMEN______________________________
CARPENTERS: William Laxon, Edward Pising,

CARPENTER_______________________________
Thomas Emry, Robert Small, Anas Todkill,
John Capper
BLACKSMITH_____________________________
BLACKSMITH: James Read
SAILOR: Jonas Profit SAILOR___________________________________
BARBER: Thomas Couper BARBER___________________________________

BRICKLAYERS: John Herd, William Garret
BRICKLAYER______________________________
MASON: Edward Brinto
TAYLOR: William Love MASON__________________________________
DRUM: Nicholas Skot

TAYLOR___________________________________
LABORERS: John Laydon, William Cassen,
George Cassen, Thomas Cassen, William Rods, DRUM____________________________________
William White, Old Edward, Henry Tavin, George
Golding, John Dods, William Johnson,
William Unger, William Wickinson, (Surgeon) LABORER_________________________________
BOYS: Samuell Collier, Nathaniel Peacock, BOYS____________________________________

James Brumfield, Richard Mutton

WHO SHOULD GO?
REPRODUCIBLE 38
What a difficult decision to make! Can you imagine the responsibility of selecting who
would get to go on the journey to colonize North America for England? Yikes!
As you will soon discover, their choices didn't work out too well. Could you do better?
1. Study the occupations of the people who came to America.

List the occupations you think were good choices to have
in a new colony and the ones you think should have stayed in
England.
NEEDED NOT NEEDED
2. Twenty-nine gentlemen and one mason? Let's take a look at how many working hands they
sent. Make a list of the occupations that would be willing to hunt, build, cook, clean, and fight
compared to those that expected to sit and enjoy the bounty of the new land.
Then total up the number of people in each list.
HARD WORKERS LIGHT WORKERS
Total: Total:
3. What kind of leadership was brought? Count the number of individuals that would be
expected to help inspire, guide, and lead the group.
4. Now put some thoughts together by completing the following:
• Talk to your neighbor about the numbers. Which decisions were good ones and which
do you think could have been better?
• On a piece of notebook paper, rearrange or make a new list of 67 people who you
think would make a strong group to tackle this huge task.
• Next to each occupation you list, write the number of men working in that occupation
that you would send to Jamestown, and explain why you are sending that many.

READER’S THEATER:
REPRODUCIBLE 39
JAMESTOWN IN TROUBLE
Characters: Council member Captain John Smith,
Gentleman Settler Master George, Gentleman Settler Captain Henry,
Gentleman Settler Sir Thomas, Gentleman Settler Dr. Walter
Setting: Jamestown settlement, 1608
Scene: settlers are sitting around a fire chatting about events
Captain John: (formally) My fellow settlers, we are not well. We are

losing people left and right, there is no food to eat, and our village is falling apart.
Master George: (defiantly) Well, there's no safe drinking water in this marsh, and
no one is here to tend to our needs!
Captain Henry: (disdainfully) My thoughts exactly. This is not what I signed up for. I came here
to make some money and live an even better life than I had in England.
Master George: This is definitely not a better life. This is much harder than we expected.
Captain John: (with authority) I know what we need to do. We need to start working the land
and growing our own food. We cannot depend on Powhatan to help us, and there are no
other people here to work for us.
Sir Thomas: (with disgust) But I've never worked a day of hard labor in my life! I don't plan to
start now.
Captain John: (firmly) I beg to differ. He who does not work, will not eat.
Sir Thomas: That's crazy. You can't make me. I am the son of the Duke of Lancaster- not a
simple farmer!
Captain John: Yes, I can. From now on, I am in charge. We are going to turn this colony
around. England is counting on us, and for our own survival we have no other choice.
Dr. Walter: (respectfully) I'm in. What's first? How do we fix the problem?
Captain John: George, you and some others will begin by hunting each morning. Henry, you
and some others will fish and collect oysters. Thomas and Walter, the two of you will go to
Powhatan and spend some time there to learn from the natives and befriend them. If you each
do your work, we will be back on our feet and ready to make something of this colony.
Dr. Walter: I hope you are right, Captain. We will not survive at this rate.

READER’S THEATER:
REPRODUCIBLE 40
NEW FACES
Characters: Plantation Master John, Burgess Samuel,
Governor's Council Member Robert, Englishman Henry
Setting: Jamestown settlement, 1608
Scene: John and Samuel meet in the street
Plantation Master John: (cheerfully) Good morning, Samuel.

How are things out on the Shirley Hundred?
Burgess Samuel: (worried) Good morning to you, John. My family is well, but the plantation is
struggling. We simply don't have enough hands to work the fields. We are losing some of our crop
because we cannot keep up.
John: (sympathetically) I'm sorry to hear that, Samuel. We are having similar problems. I came to
town today for that very concern. I heard a rumor that some ships are coming with more people
to help.
Samuel: I would like to be enthusiastic about that possibility, but most everyone we try to have
help us gets sick and dies! It's most unfortunate.
Governor's Council Member Robert and Englishman Henry approach John and Samuel.
Governor's Council Member Robert: Excuse me for interrupting, but I couldn't help overhearing
your conversation. I have heard from the governor himself that Portuguese sailors are bringing
men from Angola, Africa! They are rumored to be much stronger and healthier than the Europeans
or natives.
John: That is exactly what I had heard as well. I'm very curious about these Africans. I need some
sort of change, or I will probably head back to England before long. I'm just not making enough
money here to make it worth living in this lonely colony.
Henry: Fear not, sir. I have just come from the homeland where the Virginia Company of London
has decided to send a boatload of women to Jamestown. You will have a much larger selection of
wives arriving shortly.
Samuel: (smiling) Well, there you have it, John. Would you stick around if you had yourself a nice
young wife to marry?
Henry: I believe I would. And certainly I would if I had solid help with my tobacco as well.
Robert: I will pass the word on to the governor. It looks like there is hope in the air for saving
Jamestown.

VOCABULARY STRATEGY: SUBSTITUTE IT!
REPRODUCIBLE 41
Name
Each excerpt comes directly from the textbook and contains a key vocabulary word. Circle any word
or words in the sentence or paragraph that help you to better understand the meaning of the
underlined word. Use your textbook to write the definition of the key vocabulary word.
1 “To make England more powerful, Elizabeth had to claim her chunk too. In 1587 she sent
her trusted aide, Sir Walter Raleigh to start a colony for England. The two imagined a new land
called Virginia that would stretch from Florida to the top of North America.” (pg. 50)
Definition:_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2 “Sitting on her jewel-covered throne, Queen Elizabeth could not relax for one minute.
England, her island nation, had to find new sources of raw materials—lumber, furs, gold, and
silver—and other natural resources that could not be found in England.” (pg. 50)
Definition:_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3 “In 1606, King James signed a charter forming the Virginia Company of London. Its goal
was to start a new settlement in America…The first charter gave the Virginia Company a piece of
land that stretched 100 miles in every direction from the landing site.” (pg.51)
Definition:_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4 “Together they met as one legislative body to make laws for the colony” (pg. 58)
Definition:_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
5 “By the 1640s, the Burgesses became a separate legislative body from the Governor's
Council. They called themselves the House of Burgesses and became the first elected legislature
in English America…giving settlers the opportunity to control their own government.” (pg. 59)
Definition:_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
HOW TO TAKE A TEST
REPRODUCIBLE 42
Name
Test Taking Strategy 3: Using Context Clues
1 The turmoil of Jamestown, contaminated

drinking water and lack of food, led to
many settlers–
A moving back to England
B dying
C joining the Powhatan tribe
D trading with the Spanish
2 The Virginia colony managed to survive,

make a profit, and grow rich by selling
what crop?
F tobacco
G corn
H gold
J lumber
3 Who was the captain of the Susan

Constant and leader of the
expedition to Jamestown?
A Captain John Smith
B Sir Walter Raleigh
C John Rolfe
D Christopher Newport

CHAPTER 3: TEST A
Name
1 What important event occurred in 5 Why was it important for the
Jamestown in 1620? Jamestown settlement to be near
A Caribbean plantation owners deep water?
moved to Jamestown. A The colonists were all fishermen.
B A large group of women arrived B It helped guarantee against
from England. American Indian attacks.
C Queen Elizabeth came for a royal C Land near deep water was better
visit. for farming.
D The American Indians sent an D Boats traveling with goods to and
ambassador to England. from Europe needed a deep water
dock.
2 What did the charters give the
Virginia Company of London the 6 Jamestown became a permanent
right to do? English settlement in—
F establish a settlement in North F 1605
America G 1607
G purchase ships and supplies at the H 1620
expense of the King I 1644
H bring Africans to the colonies as
slaves 7 Who was Powhatan?
J give out ten-acre plots to each A an Indian princess
settler in the colony B the Indian interpreter for the
English colonists
3 What country sent sailors to C chief of many tribes that helped
capture Africans from what is teach the colonists survival skills
present-day Angola? D American Indian chief that waged
A England countless attacks against the
B Spain English colonists
C Portugal
D France 8 Why were the Jamestown settlers
starving?
4 Who paid for the settlement of F The first colonists lacked basic
Jamestown? farming and building skills.
F King of England G The American Indians burned all
G John Smith their crops.
H France H Insects ate all their crops.
J Virginia Company of London J A flood wiped away all the crops.

REPRODUCIBLE 44 CHAPTER 3: TEST A 2 OF 2
9 Jamestown was originally a 14 In 1619 what group of people

peninsula bordered on three sides arrived in Jamestown against their
by the— will?
A Potomac River F English prisoners
B Rappahannock River G American Indians
C James River H Africans
D York River J Europeans
10 What important plan did Captain 15 The arrival of Africans in Jamestown

John Smith create that helped allowed the colony to–
Jamestown survive? A expand the tobacco economy
F forced work program B wage war against the American
G colonial marriage plan Indians
H settler controlled government C increase its potato farming
J bartering program D stop producing tobacco
16 Which of the following was NOT a

11 England believed that the American
hardship faced by the Jamestown
colony would make her rich because
settlers?
they thought it was filled with–
F The site they chose was marshy
A diamonds
and lacked safe drinking water.
B gold and silver
G There was a surplus of food so
C precious gems
farmers let crops rot in the fields.
D rivers
H The settlers lacked skills necessary
12 What is a burgess? to provide for themselves.
F a citizen representative in the J Many settlers died of starvation
Virginia colonial government and disease.
G another name for the royal Use the picture to answer question 17.
governor of the colony
H a stockholder of the Virginia 4
Company of London
J a nickname for an Englishman 1
born in North America
13 What was the first elected

2
legislative body of government in
English America? 3
A General Assembly
B House of Burgesses
17 According to the map, which
C Governor's Council
number indicates Jamestown?
D House of Representatives
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

CHAPTER 3: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the chart by answering the questions.

3 WHAT TWO IMPORTANT
2 WHO HAD THE POWER TO RIGHTS DID THE CHARTERS
1 WHAT IS A CHARTER? GRANT CHARTERS? GIVE THE VIRGINIA COMPANY?
DIRECTIONS: Match the correct ending with each sentence. Put the correct letter in the box .
4 England wanted to establish an A which made it possible for settlers to

American colony — establish families.
B allowing the colonists to expand the

5 Jamestown was located on a
tobacco economy.
peninsula —
C giving the settlers the opportunity to
6 More women arrived in Jamestown control their own government.
in 1620 —
D helped to ensure the survival of the
7 Africans arrived in Jamestown — Jamestown colony.
8 Captain John Smith's forced work E so it could easily be defended from attack.
program —
F a contact between the native peoples
9 Pocahontas served as — and the English settlers.
10 The Virginia House of Burgesses G to increase her wealth and power.

was the first elected legislative body in
English America —
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
11 What are two main reasons the settlers starved and/or became sick?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
12 What is a burgess?____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
13 Why did the feelings of the native people towards the colonists change over time?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
14 Who began the trading of food, furs, and leather with the Powhatans?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
15 Jamestown began as an economic venture. What does that mean?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
16 Why was it important for the settlement to be located near water deep enough for ships to dock?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
17 During this time, who were the only people able to vote and participate in the government?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
18 Who financed the settlement of Jamestown?_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
19 Who captured African men and women and brought them to Jamestown against their will?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
20 What current legislative branch of Virginia's government originated from the House of Burgesses?
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Name
1 Why did Christopher Columbus call Use the map to answer question 5.
the people he found in the lands he
discovered “Indians”?
A He had just crossed the Indian
Ocean. 3
B He thought he was in the Indies. 4
1
C The Powhatan Indians called
themselves “Indians.” 2
D “Indian” was another name for
“friend.” 5 Which region includes the Great
Valley of Virginia?
2 England wanted to start an
A 1
American settlement to trade
B 2
new raw materials and –
C 3
F sew animal furs for coats they
D 4
could export to Europe
G search for rubies, sapphires, and
6 Which region includes the Eastern
emeralds
Shore?
H find gold and silver
F Coastal Plain
J discover salt mines
G Appalachian Plateau
3 What is one reason the Jamestown H Blue Ridge Mountains
settlers faced many hardships? J Piedmont
A The settlers lacked some of the
necessary skills needed to provide 7 What is the definition of a plateau?
for themselves. A a natural border of waterfalls
B The settlement was always under B elevated land that is flat on top
attack by the Virginia Indians. C land at the foot of mountains
C England would not send any aid to D land bordered by water on three
the settlers. sides
D There were too many insects in the
area. 8 Which language group included the
4 The Piedmont Region can be Cherokee?
described as having – F Iroquoian
F flat land G English
G old, rounded mountains H Siouan
H valleys separated by ridges J Algonquian
J rolling hills

REPRODUCIBLE 48 CHAPTER 1-3: CUMULATIVE TEST A 2 OF 2
9 The Virginia charters gave the 13 Fredericksburg is located along

Virginia Company of London the which Virginia river?
right to establish – A James
A a new King of America B York
B settlements in North America C Potomac
C a new form of government D Rappahannock
D treaties with the American Indians
14 Virginia's Indians are referred to as –
F Powhatan Nation
10 Lake Drummond is a shallow natural
G Confederacy of Virginia Indians
lake surrounded by the –
H Eastern Woodland Indians
F Dismal Swamp
J Plains Indians
G Atlantic Ocean
H Chesapeake Bay 15 In 1619 the governor of Virginia
J Pacific Ocean called a meeting of the Virginia
Assembly that included two citizen
Use the pictures to answer question 11. representatives from each of the
divisions of Virginia. The men who
A B
met were called –
A burgesses
B indentured servants
C senators
D councilmen
C D
16 Who was the first person to start a
trading relationship with the
Powhatan people?
F John Rolfe
11 Which picture is an example of an G Governor Raleigh
artifact? H John Smith
A A J King James
B B 17 What important crop did the
C C Powhatan Indians introduce to the
D D English?
A cotton
12 For the colonists, the Chesapeake B tobacco
Bay was a source of food and – C rice
F transportation D grain
G entertainment
H farming
J building supplies

Name
DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart below by explaining the reasons why England
wanted to colonize America, the reasons why the colonists chose Jamestown to build
their settlement, and the hardships faced by the early settlers.
What were the reasons

What were the reasons for What hardships did the
Jamestown was chosen as the
English colonization in America? Jamestown settlers face?
settlement site?
1 3 7
2 4 8
5 9
DIRECTIONS: Read each question and write your answer in complete sentences.
10 The foods American Indians ate depended upon the seasons. Give three examples of crops
grown during the summer.
________________________________________________________________________________________
11 Name an example of a relative location term.

________________________________________________________________________________________
12 What are two reasons why the Chesapeake Bay was important to the settlement of Virginia?
________________________________________________________________________________________
13 The Virginia Assembly included two citizen representatives from each of the divisions of
Virginia. What were these men called?
________________________________________________________________________________________
14 How did Captain John Smith's strong leadership help Jamestown to survive?
________________________________________________________________________________________
REPRODUCIBLE 50 CHAPTER 1-3: CUMULATIVE TEST B 2 OF 2
15 Describe the Piedmont Region of Virginia.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
16 In what region is the Great Valley of Virginia located?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
17 What are two rights the Virginia charters granted to the Virginia Company of London?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Color the map according to the directions below using

a blue, red, green, and yellow marker or crayon.
18 Color the Eastern Shore RED.
19 Color the Blue Ridge Mountains YELLOW.
20 Color the Appalachian Plateau GREEN.
21 Trace the Rappahannock River in BLUE.

REPRODUCIBLE 51
Parent CHAPTER
FOUR:
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA
What Are We Studying Now? Questions to Ask

What was life like in the early days of the Virginia Colony? Your Child to Help
In this unit we will be discussing some very important
issues and ideas as we learn about tobacco, slavery, colonial
Prepare for the Test
life and culture, and resources. SOL Essential Questions:
• What effect did agriculture
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning have on the Virginia Colony?
The locations listed below all have programs or exhibits • How did agriculture in the
on colonial life in Virginia. Virginia Colony influence the
• Belle Grove Plantation in Middletown institution of slavery?
• Claude Moore Colonial Farm in McLean • How did the culture of
• Colonial Williamsburg in Williamsburg colonial Virginia reflect beliefs,
• The Frontier Culture Museum of Virginia in Staunton customs, and architecture of
• Mount Vernon in Mount Vernon Europeans, Africans, and
• Shirley Plantation in Charles City County American Indians?
• Where did the various cultural
Talk About It! groups settle?
• In an effort to try to explain how Virginia became • What were some reasons why
dependent on slave labor, discuss a current industry that the capital was moved from
your child is familiar with and point out what that business Jamestown to Williamsburg?
is dependent on. • What were some reasons why
• Look around your community and try to identify places the capital was moved from
or things that reflect specific origins. Williamsburg to Richmond?
• If you are familiar with the cultures of other states or • What forms of exchange were
countries, share these with your child so that he or she can used in the Virginia Colony?
identify what is unique about Virginia’s culture. • How did resources influence
• Decide if money, bartering, or credit is used the most the food, housing, and clothing in
within your family among siblings, parents and children, colonial Virginia?
and parents themselves. • How was everyday life
• Discuss how your family dresses and feeds itself. Identify different for whites, enslaved
the natural, human, and capital resources that go into African Americans, and free
African Americans in colonial
making your clothes and providing your food.
Virginia?
• Compare your family’s everyday life with that of one of
the colonial groups your child is studying.

REPRODUCIBLE 52
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Four (VS.4)
wooden and brick building at Jamestown.

The student will demonstrate knowledge of life in the Virginia Colony by:
• Reasons why the capital was moved from

a) explaining the importance of agriculture and
• Cash crop: a crop that is grown to sell for money Williamsburg to Richmond: population was moving
its influence on the institution of slavery.
rather than for use by the growers. westward, Richmond was a more central location,
• The economy of the Virginia Colony depended on moving to Richmond increased the distance from
agriculture as a primary source of wealth. attack by the British.
• Tobacco became the most profitable agricultural • England became Great Britain in the early 1700s.
product.
• Tobacco was sold in England as a cash crop.
d) describing how money, barter, and credit
• The successful planting of tobacco depended on a • Money: a medium of exchange (currency, which
were used.
steady and inexpensive source of labor. includes coins and paper bills)
• African men, women, and children were brought to • Barter: trading/exchanging of goods and services
the colony and enslaved to work on the plantations. without the use of money
• The Virginia Colony became dependent on slave • Credit: buying a good or service now and paying
labor, and this dependence lasted a long time. for it later
• Debt: a good or service owed to another
• Saving: money put away to keep or to spend at a
b) describing how the culture of colonial
later time
Virginia reflected the origins of European
• Few people had paper money and coins to use to

(English, Scots-Irish, German) immigrants,
• Whenever people settle an area, they change the buy goods and services.
Africans, and American Indians.
culture and landscape to reflect their beliefs, customs, • Barter was commonly used instead of money.
and architecture. • Tobacco was used as money. A tobacco farmer
• Examples of architecture that reflect different could use his tobacco to pay for goods and services.
cultures include: barns, homes, places of worship • Farmers and other consumers could also buy goods
(e.g., churches). and services on credit and pay their debts when their
• Place names reflecting culture: English – Richmond, crops were harvested and sold.
American Indian – Roanoke • Colonial Virginia had no banks.
• English and other Europeans settled primarily in
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions. • People living in colonial Virginia depended on
e) describing everyday life in colonial Virginia.
• Germans and Scots-Irish settled primarily in the natural, human, and capital resources to produce the
Shenandoah Valley, which was along the migration goods and services they needed.
route. • Food: food choices were limited; meals were made
• Africans were settled primarily in the Coastal Plain of local produce and meats.
(Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions, where tobacco • Housing: most people lived in one-room homes
agriculture required a great deal of labor. with dirt floors; some people (farmers) lived in large
• Prior to the arrival of the settlers, American Indians houses.
lived throughout Virginia. After the settlers arrived, • Clothing: households made their own clothes;
most were forced inland. most clothing was made of cotton, wool, and leather.
• Migration and living in new areas caused people to • Most white Virginians made their living from the
adapt old customs to their new environment. land as small farmers. A few owned large farms
(plantations).
• Most enslaved African Americans worked tobacco,
c) explaining the reasons for the relocation of
crops, and livestock. Enslaved African Americans had

Virginia’s capital from Jamestown to
• Reasons why the capital was moved from no rights.

Williamsburg to Richmond.
Jamestown to Williamsburg: drinking water was • Many free African Americans owned their own
contaminated by seepage of salt water, unhealthy business and property, but were denied most rights.
living conditions caused diseases, fire destroyed

COLONIAL CULTURE
REPRODUCIBLE 53
A German Cast Iron Stove
1. Examine the images above. Cut out the boxes.
2. Use the information you have learned about English settlers and
Virginia Indians along with the information on pages 70- 71 of Our
Virginia to sort them into the web on the next page.
3. When you believe you have the images that came from the same
group together, glue or tape them into place.
4. If you were to create a similar web for the culture and landscape of
Virginia today, what different examples could be in the circles? What
other circles could you add to the web and what could be in them?
Answer these questions on the back of your paper, or draw a web
illustrating Virginia’s culture today.

COLONIAL CULTURE
REPRODUCIBLE 54
NAME
ENGLISH
SCOTS-IRISH
AFRICAN
COLONIAL
VIRGINIA’S
CULTURE AND
LANDSCAPE
GERMAN AMERICAN
INDIAN

REPRODUCIBLE 55
Word Suitcase
NAME
cash crop • money • barter

credit • debt • saving
immigrants • contaminated
persecution • capital
Each suitcase handle is labeled

and needs to be packed using the
key words from the chapter and
at least one other word you
believe should be added. Think
about the meanings of the words
and decide in which suitcase it
belongs.

REPRODUCIBLE 56

CHAPTER 4: TEST A
Name
DIRECTIONS: Read each question and choose the best answer. 20
you eeding
ive w
I’ll g es for lds.
1 Contaminated water and dirty living l
app my fi
e
conditions which caused diseases

were reasons why—
A many colonists returned to England
B the colonists moved the capital from
Jamestown to Williamsburg
C colonists moved to the Chesapeake Bay
D the settlers moved farther north Use the picture
to answer
2 Virginia's primary source of wealth question 7.
came from—
F shipbuilding
G masonry
7 What form of exchange is taking
H agriculture
place between these colonists?
J industry
A credit
3 A crop that is grown to sell for B currency
money is called a— C barter
A cash crop D debt
B dollar crop
8 Which group of people was
C seasonal crop
brought to the Virginia colony
D King's tax crop
against its will?
4 How did most white Virginians make F Scots-Irish
their living? G women
F specializing in a trade H American Indians
G importing African slaves J Africans
H farming
9 Both free and enslaved African
J as soldiers for the British army
Americans were denied–
5 By the early 1700s, England had A personal rights
grown to become— B housing
A Ireland C the ability to marry
B Europe D buying goods on credit
C Scots-Irish
10 What was the most profitable
D Great Britain
cash crop the Virginia colony sold
6 In what regions did the African to England?
workers primarily settle? F corn
F Tidewater and Piedmont G tobacco
G Tidewater and Eastern Shore H cotton
H Appalachian Plateau and Piedmont J potatoes
J Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge
Mountains
REPRODUCIBLE 57A CHAPTER 4: TEST A 2 OF 2
11 As the colonial population continued

to move westward, the capital was 16 Why did Richmond seem like a
moved from Williamsburg to– better location for the capital?
A Richmond F It was the largest settlement in
B Jamestown Virginia.
C Fredericksburg G It was a more central location.
D Washington, D.C. H Richmond farmland was the most
fertile.
12 Colonial Virginia had no banks,
J There was an established peace
and currency was scarce. What did
treaty with the native peoples.
many colonists use as money?
F beads
17 Before the arrival of settlers,
G fur
American Indians lived–
H tobacco
A in the Great Valley of Virginia
J corn
B mostly along the Fall Line
13 What is a debt? C throughout Virginia
A trading goods and services D in the Blue Ridge Mountains
B a type of currency
C a good or service owed to someone 18 What natural resources did the
D putting money away to spend colonists use to make clothing?
later F bark, cornhusks, tobacco leaves
G cotton, wool, leather
Use the map to answer
question 14. H seal skin, seaweed, feathers
J silk, buffalo hide, papyrus
J G
F 19 What example of architecture in
Virginia changed the landscape and
H reflected different cultures?
A barns
14 Which letter on the map shows the B ships
region settled mainly by the Scots- C corn
Irish? D clothing
F F
G G
H H
J J
15 Why did the Virginia colony need
African slave labor?
A It was a reliable and cheap source
of labor.
B Europeans were terrible farmers.
C Most European countries used
slaves.
D Africans wanted to come to the
New World.
CHAPTER 4: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement and determine if the statement was a reason why the
capital was moved to Williamsburg or a reason the capital was moved to Richmond. Write
a W if it was a reason to move to Williamsburg and an R if it was a reason to move to
Richmond.
1 Fire destroyed many wooden and brick buildings. _________
2 The colonists were moving westward across Virginia. ________
3 It increased the distance from attack by the British. _______
4 Unhealthy living conditions caused diseases to spread. __________
5 The drinking water was contaminated by salt water. ________
6 It was a more central location within Virginia. __________
DIRECTIONS: Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition.
7 _____cash crop A trading/exchanging of goods and

services without the use of money
8 _____barter B a good or service owed to another
9 _____credit C crop that is grown to sell for money

rather than for use by the growers
10 _____debt D buying a good or service now and

paying for it later
11 _____money E currency, which includes coins and

paper bills

DIRECTIONS: Read each question and write the answer in a complete sentence.
12 Why did most Africans settle in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions?
13 Whenever people settle an area, they change the culture and landscape to reflect their
beliefs, customs, and architecture. Give three examples of architecture that reflect different cultures.
14 What was the most profitable cash crop the Virginia colony sold to England?
15 What two groups of immigrants settled mostly in the Shenandoah Valley?
16 Prior to the arrival of the settlers, American Indians lived throughout Virginia. Where were they
forced to live after the settlers arrived?
17 What was the difference between enslaved African Americans and free African Americans?
18 Place names in the Virginia colonies reflected different cultures. Name one city that reflects the
English culture and one city that reflect the American Indian culture.
19 What group of people were brought to America to plant and harvesting tobacco?
20 If a farmer used a crop to pay for goods and services what type of trade was he using?

Name
1 What state borders Virginia to the 5 Which of the following groups is
north? NOT a state recognized tribe?
A Maryland A Cherokee Tribe
B Kentucky B Chickahominy Tribe
C Tennessee C Pamunkey Tribe
D North Carolina D Monacan Tribe
2 What was the most profitable cash 6 Why did slavery become popular in
crop grown in the Virginia colony? the Virginia colony?
F cotton F The colonists were building an
G corn army and needed slaves as soldiers.
H tobacco G The demand for tobacco was so
J squash great that slaves were needed to
work the plantations.
Use the map to answer H Cities and towns needed slave
questions 3-4. labor to build homes for new
colonists.
2 J Slaves had experience growing
1 tobacco in Africa.
3
4 7 Why did England want to establish
4
an American colony?
A The English were desperate to find
3 Which number represents the region gold mines in the Americas.
where Algonquian was primarily B England was about to become a
spoken? part of France and many people
A 1 wanted to leave.
B 2 C England wanted to increase its
C 3 wealth and power.
D 4 D Queen Elizabeth wanted to have a
colony named after her.
4 Which number represents the
Piedmont Region?
F 1
G 2
H 3
J 4
REPRODUCIBLE 61 CHAPTERS 1-4: CUMULATIVE TEST A 2 OF 2
8 How did the House of Burgesses give 13 What group of people showed the
settlers the opportunity to control early settlers how to plant corn and
their government? tobacco?
F The settlers elected free white men A Scots-Irish
to represent them. B Africans
G Every settler took turns serving as a C Germans
citizen representative. D American Indians
H The settlers could remove
any leader they didn't like. 14 The first English settlers arrived in
J The House of Burgesses had to Jamestown in—
follow the wishes of all settlers. F 1605
G 1606
9 What American Indian leader lived H 1607
in Werowocomoco? J 1608
A Pocahontas
B Sitting Bull 15 Where in Virginia did the Germans
C Kwakiutl and Scots-Irish primarily settle?
D Powhatan A Shenandoah Valley
B Eastern Shore
10 What city is located along the C Tidewater Region
Potomac River? D Appalachian Plateau
F Richmond
G Alexandria 16 Charters gave the Virginia Company
H Yorktown of London the right to establish
J Jamestown settlements in North America. What
did it give to the colonists
11 The kinds of food American Indians themselves?
ate, the clothing they wore, and the F a hundred acres of land
shelters they lived in depended on– G English rights and citizenship
A the phases of the moon H the right to choose their governor
B buffalo migration routes J an indentured servant or slave
C the seasons
D the tribal chief's recommendation 17 What two regions of Virginia are
separated by the Fall Line?
12 What area of the Coastal Plain A Coastal Plain and Piedmont
(Tidewater) did George Washington B Coastal Plain and Blue
explore and survey? Ridge Mountains
F Dismal Swamp C Piedmont and Blue Ridge
G Virginia Beach Mountains
H Eastern Shore D Valley and Ridge and Appalachian
J Chincoteague Island Plateau

Name
DIRECTIONS: Label each river and the major bodies of water bordering Virginia using the choices
listed below.
Chesapeake Bay Atlantic Ocean James River
York River Rappahannock River Potomac River
1 5
DIRECTIONS: Fill in Capitals of Virginia Reason #1 Reason # 2

the chart with two
reasons why the 7 Jamestown
colonists chose each
of these cities as a 8 Williamsburg
capital for the
Virginia colony. 9 Richmond

REPRODUCIBLE 63 CHAPTERS 1-4: CUMULATIVE TEST B 2 OF 2
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in a complete sentence.
10 Give an example of barter.
11 In what year did the first English settlers arrive in Virginia?
12 Why did England want to start a colony in North America?
13 How did the seasons affect American Indian life?
14 What two groups of immigrants settled in the Shenandoah Valley?
15 What is the Fall Line?
16 What was the first elected legislative body of government in English America?
17 In what region of Virginia was Siouan spoken?
18 To what group of American Indians did Pocahontas belong?
DIRECTIONS: Write a definition using your own words.
19 Cash crop
20 Artifact
21 Peninsula
22 Burgess
23 Slave

REPRODUCIBLE 64
Parent CHAPTER
FIVE:
AMERICAN
REVOLUTION

Virginia was at the heart of America’s fight for
independence from Great Britain. Your child will be
developing a greater understanding of Virginia’s role in the
American Revolution—the conflicts with Great Britain, the
Declaration of Independence, famous revolutionary
Virginians, and the important battles fought in Virginia.
Questions to Ask
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning Your Child to Help
• Red Hill, the Patrick Henry National Memorial in Prepare for the Test
Brookneal
• Great Bridge Battlefield Park and Visitors Center in SOL Essential Questions:
Chesapeake • How did the colonists’ ideas
• Yorktown Battlefield and Visitors Center and Yorktown about government differ from
Victory Center, both in Yorktown those of the British Parliament?
• St. John’s Church in Richmond, where Patrick Henry • Why is the Declaration of
made his famous speech, offers reenactments between Independence an important
Memorial Day and Labor Day. document?
• What contributions did
Talk About It! Virginians make during the
• Discuss present day taxes, how they are collected, how Revolutionary War era?
they are used, and what citizens get in return for paying • What contributions did
them. whites, enslaved African
• Ask your child to come up with a list of rights he or she Americans, free African American,
believes all people have. Then share your own list. and American Indians make
• Recall a time or event when your child disagreed with you during the American Revolution?
about a decision. Talk about how the disagreement was • What was the importance of
resolved. Then discuss if either Great Britain or the the Battle of Great Bridge?
colonists would consider this parent/child analogy a fair • Who was Jack Jouett?
one. • What was the importance of
• Discuss the impact a few Virginians had on our country, the American victory at
and consider whether there is anyone in Virginia today that Yorktown?
you think could have as significant an impact on the
country.
• If you are familiar with the Great Bridge, Norfolk,
Charlottesville, or Richmond areas, discuss the geography
as it relates to the events in the standard.

REPRODUCIBLE 65
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Five (VS.5)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of Virginia in the American Revolution by:
• Thomas Jefferson provided political leadership

by expressing the reasons for colonial
a) identifying the reasons why the colonies
independence from Great Britain in the

went to war with Great Britain as expressed
• The colonists and the British Parliament Declaration of Independence.

in the Declaration of Independence.
disagreed over how the colonies should be • Patrick Henry inspired patriots from other
governed. colonies when he spoke out against taxation
• Parliament believed it had legal authority in without representation by saying, “…give me
the colonies, while the colonists believed their liberty or give me death.”
local assemblies had legal authority. • James Lafayette, an enslaved African
• Parliament believed it had the right to tax the American from Virginia, served in the
colonies, while the colonists believed they Continental Army and successfully requested his
should not be taxed since they had no freedom after the war.
representation in Parliament.
• The Declaration of Independence, written by
Thomas Jefferson, states that authority to
c) identifying the importance of the Battle
govern belongs to the people rather than to

of Great Bridge, the ride of Jack Jouett, and
kings, and that all people are created equal and • The Battle of Great Bridge was the first land
the American victory at Yorktown.
have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of battle of the American Revolution fought in
happiness. Virginia. The American victory forced the British
colonial governor to flee the City of Norfolk.
• Jack Jouett rode on horseback through the
backwoods of Virginia to Charlottesville to warn
b) identifying the various roles played by
Thomas Jefferson, then governor of Virginia, that

whites, enslaved African Americans, free
the British were coming to arrest him and

African Americans, and American Indians
members of the General Assembly.

in the Revolutionary War era, including
• The American victory at Yorktown resulted in

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
• Virginia patriots served in the Continental the surrender of the British army, which led to
Patrick Henry, and James Lafayette.
Army and fought for independence leading to the end to the war.
the British surrender at Yorktown.
• Some Virginians were neutral and did not
take sides, while other Virginians remained
loyal to Great Britain.
• Women took on more responsibility to
support the war effort.
• Some enslaved African Americans fought for
a better chance of freedom.
• Some free African Americans fought for
independence in the American Revolution.
• Many American Indians fought alongside
both the Virginia patriots and the British.
• George Washington provided military
leadership by serving as commander-in-chief of
the Continental Army.

REPRODUCIBLE 66
STORY MAP
Name
TITLE
CHARACTERS SETTING CONFLICT
PLOT
RESOLUTION

WHAT WERE THEY TALKING ABOUT?
REPRODUCIBLE 67
Name
To the right is a list of quotes introduced to you in

A- “Give me liberty or give me death!”
Chapter Five. Complete the table below by answering
B- “All men are created equal”
the following questions for each quote:
C- “life, liberty, and the pursuit of
WHO: Who said it or wrote it?
happiness”
WHERE: Where was it spoken or written?
D- “these united colonies are, and of
MEANING: What does it mean in your own words?
right ought to be free and independent
WHY: Why was it spoken or written? What was
states”
the speaker or author trying to accomplish?
E- “no taxation without representation”
QUOTE WHO? WHERE? MEANING WHY?
E
THE BATTLE OF GREAT BRIDGE
REPRODUCIBLE 68
THE BATTLE
OF GREAT
BRIDGE
Y
CHESAPEAKE BA
Gloucester
Williamsburg
Yorktown
Hampton
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Norfolk
Portsmouth
Suffolk

VOCABULARY STRATEGY: WORD MAP
REPRODUCIBLE 69
Name
What is it like? What is it? What is it not like?
The WORD:
Examples

CHAPTER 5: TEST A
Name
1 What famous words did Patrick 5 Who was James Lafayette?

Henry say to inspire other colonists A a famous Virginia general during the
to speak out against taxation Revolution
without representation? B an American ambassador to
A “no work, no food” England who served as a spy
B “No more taxes!” C a slave that served in the
C “We hold these truths to be self- Continental Army and was then
evident…” granted his freedom
D “…give me liberty or give me D the American commander-in-chief
death.” during the French and Indian War
2 George Washington provided 6 Virginians were divided about

military leadership for the colonists independence. Some remained
by— neutral, some were loyal to Great
F serving as commander-in-chief of Britain, and the rest considered
the Continental Army themselves—
G becoming president of Virginia F patriots
H leading the British army G loyalists
J fighting with the American Indians H burgesses
J pioneers
3 Who won the Battle of Yorktown to
end the Revolutionary War? 7 Who wrote the Declaration of
A British Independence?
B Americans A George Washington
C Germans B James Armistead Lafayette
D American Indians C Thomas Jefferson
D King George III
4 Why did the colonists believe that
Parliament did not have the right to 8 During the American Revolution,
tax them? American Indians fought alongside—
F They did not believe in any taxes. F only the British Army
G They had no representation in G only the Continental Army
Parliament. H both the British and Americans
H They already paid taxes to France. J the French
J The royal governor excused them.

9 What was the first land battle of the 13 Parliament believed it had legal
American Revolution fought in authority over the colonies to issue
Virginia? taxes, but the colonists believed—
A Battle of Great Bridge A only the King had legal authority to
B Battle of Albemarle tax
C Battle of the Virginia Capes B they should have legal authority to
D Battle of Yorktown tax England
C their local assemblies had legal
10 Which famous Virginian rode on authority to tax
horseback through the night to D taxes should only be paid on slaves
warn Thomas Jefferson that the
British were coming to arrest him? 14 In which war did America gain its
F George Washington independence from England?
G John Adams F French and Indian War
H Paul Revere G War Between the States
J Jack Jouett H Patriot Uprising
J American Revolution
11 The Declaration of Independence
states that all men are created equal 15 In what state did the Battle of
and have certain rights. What are Yorktown take place?
these rights? A Virginia
A food, shelter, and companionship B New York
B life, liberty, and the pursuit of C Pennsylvania
happiness D Massachusetts
C voting, bear arms, freedom of
religion
D public education, marriage, and
representative government
12 As many men left home to fight in

the war, women—
F took on more responsibility
G left their homes
H left for Europe
J became burgesses

CHAPTER 5: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the box by explaining each person's contribution and/or role during the
American Revolution.
FAMOUS VIRGINIANS CONTRIBUTION DURING THE WAR
1 George Washington
2 Thomas Jefferson
3 Patrick Henry
4 James Lafayette
5 Jack Jouett
DIRECTIONS: Answer each question in a complete sentence.
6 In which army did the Virginia patriots serve?
7 What role did both free and enslaved African Americans play in the Revolutionary War?
8 Why is the Battle of Yorktown important?
9 What is taxation without representation?
10 What was the first land battle of the American Revolution fought in Virginia?
11 Explain the difference between a patriot and a loyalist.
12 Who did the colonists believe had the legal authority to tax them?
13 What role did women play during the war?

DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Questions 14-18
happiness • rights • people

liberty • equal
The Declaration of Independence states that the authority to govern belongs

to the (14) __________________________rather than to kings and that all
people are created (15) ___________________
and have certain (16) _________________________ ,
such as life, (17) _______________________________,
and the pursuit of (18) ________________________________.

CHAPTERS 1- 5: CUMULATIVE TEST A
Name
6 Why were most of Virginia's first
3 4 settlements built near rivers?

F They provided a source of food and
transportation.
1 G It was easy to water crops during
2 the hot Virginia summers.
H American Indians gave up the land.
J It was easier for the colonists to
attack the American Indians.
1 According to the map above, what
number represents the Chesapeake 7 Why were large groups of Africans
Bay? brought to Virginia?
A 1 A Tobacco plantation owners needed
B 2 laborers.
C 3 B They were immigrating to America
D 4 to start a new life.
C Life as a slave was easier than life in
2 The Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region Africa.
can be described as having– D Africans already knew how to grow
F rolling hills and harvest tobacco.
G old, rounded mountains
H flat land 8 The climate in Virginia is relatively
J ridges and valleys mild with –
F very long, cold winters
3 The trading and/or exchanging of
G three distinct seasons
goods and services without the use of
H warm weather all year
money is called–
J four distinct seasons
A currency
B debt 9 What was one reason for the English
C saving colonization of America?
D bartering A to build a stronger navy
4 Who financed the settlement of B to increase her wealth and power
Jamestown? C to have a place to send criminals
F Virginia Company of London D to spread slavery
G the King of England 10 The Blue Ridge Mountains and Valley
H the colonists themselves and Ridge Regions are part of what
J John Smith mountain system?
5 Who fought in the Continental Army? F Great Mountains of Virginia
A loyalists G Appalachian Mountains
B patriots H Sierra-Nevada Mountains
C British J Rocky Mountains
D burgesses
11 One reason the settlers chose the site 16 Why did many of the first Jamestown
at Jamestown to build their settlers die of starvation and disease?
settlement was because– F They had spoiled medicines.
A a fort was already there to protect G They had bad doctors.
them H The drinking water was
B it was far away from any American contaminated.
Indian settlements J The Indians burned their crops.
C they believed they had a good
supply of fresh water 17 The only currently state-recognized
D it was the only flat land in the region tribe in the Piedmont Region is the –
A Chickahominy
12 In what region was Siouan primarily B Nansemond
spoken? C Rappahannock
F Piedmont D Monacan
G Ridge and Valley
H Appalachian Plateau 18 The capital of the Virginia Colony
J Coastal Plain (Tidewater) was moved from Williamsburg to
Richmond because the population
13 What type of work did most free was moving–
Virginians do to earn a living? F east
A small farmers G northwest
B large plantation owners H south
C businessmen J westward
D soldiers
19 What gave the Virginia Company of
14 The colonial governor of Virginia London the right to establish
was appointed by the – settlements in North America?
F people of England A Declaration of Independence
G Emperor B Treaty of America
H King C Powhatan Agreement
J Scots-Irish D Charters
15 What event made it possible for

settlers to establish families and a
more permanent settlement in
Jamestown?
A the arrival of more women
Use the map to answer
B the introduction of slavery question 20.
C the marriage of John Rolf and
Pocahontas
D the building of a fort as protection 20 This picture shows a piece of land
against Indian attacks called a(n)–
F island
G peninsula
H plateau
J estuary

Name
DIRECTIONS: Sequence these events in the correct order using the numbers 1-5.
_____Jamestown becomes a permanent English settlement.
_____Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence.
_____Christopher Columbus “discovers” a “New World.”
_____Parliament begins to over-tax the colonists.
_____The American victory at Yorktown marks the end of the Revolution.
DIRECTIONS: Use your own words to finish the definition of the words.
6 A plateau is a raised, ___________________________________________________________________
7 Erosion is the wearing away of land or soil by
8 An artifact is any object
9 Using credit means buying a good or service now and
10 A patriot is a person who fought
DIRECTIONS: List one key word or phrase under the picture to describe the importance of each
person. Explain your choice in each box. Questions 11-15.
KEYWORDS: strong leadership and agriculture • warned Jefferson the British were
coming • Declaration of Independence • taxation without representation • peace
11 Jack Jouett 12 Thomas 13 Pocahontas 14 Patrick Henry 15 John Smith

Jefferson

16 What two large bodies of water border Virginia?
17 The General Assembly included two citizen representatives from each division of Virginia
called–
18 Why were large numbers of Africans brought to the colony against their wills?
19 The Blue Ridge Mountains and Valley and Ridge Regions are part of what mountain system?
20 What American Indian language was primarily spoken in the Piedmont Region?
21 How did George Washington provide military leadership during the American Revolution?
22 How and where do Virginia's American Indians live today?
23 What lake is located in the Coastal Plain and surrounded by the Dismal Swamp?
24 What major city is located on the Rappahannock River?
DIRECTIONS: Complete the Venn diagram by comparing and contrasting the Coastal Plain and
Blue Ridge Mountains Regions. Place the number of each phrase in the correct circle.
COASTAL PLAIN (TIDEWATER) BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS
25 flat land
26 old, rounded mountains
27 includes the Eastern Shore
28 west of the Fall Line
29 a source of many rivers
30 located near Atlantic Ocean
31 Europeans settled here
32 east of the Fall Line
33 American Indians lived here
34 also known as Tidewater Region
35 located between the Piedmont
and Valley and Ridge

REPRODUCIBLE 78
CHAPTER
Parent
SIX:
THE UNITED
STATES OF
AMERICA
Virginia led the nation in the first early days as a new Your Child to Help
country. This unit will introduce your child to Virginia’s
role in establishing the United States of America. It
discusses famous Virginians who helped plan the SOL Essential Questions:
government, Virginia documents that influenced the • Why is George Washington
Constitution, and the migration of the population in referred to as the “Father of Our
Virginia during this time period. Country?”
• Why is James Madison referred
Great Places to Visit to Enhance Learning to as the “Father of the
• James Madison’s Montpelier in Orange Constitution?”
• George Mason’s Gunston Hall in Mason Neck • What was the influence of the
• George Washington’s Mount Vernon Virginia Declaration of Rights on
• Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello in Charlottesville the Constitution of the United
• Cumberland Gap National Historical Park States of America?
• What was the influence of the
Talk About It! Virginia Statute for Religious
• Ask your child what qualities he or she values in a leader. Freedom on the Constitution of
Share your values and then work together to evaluate the United States of America?
George Washington as a leader. • What geographic factors
• Debate the pros and cons of compromise within your influenced Virginians to move to
family. If your family were much larger than it is, how might the western frontier of Virginia
compromise be different? and beyond?
• Discuss the significance freedom of religion and
freedom of the press have in your family’s life. Although
this freedom was granted long ago in America, talk about
other places in the world today that still do not enjoy such
freedoms.
• Think of someone you know (or yourself) who has
moved recently. Discuss the reasons for the move and then
compare and contrast them to the reasons Virginians
migrated at this time.
• Ask your child to consider what ideas, traditions, and
cultures he or she would bring if your family moved from
Virginia to another state.

REPRODUCIBLE 79
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Six (VS.6)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the role of Virginia in the establishment of the new
American nation by:
a) explaining why George Washington is c) explaining the influence of geography on

called the “Father of Our Country” and the migration of Virginians into western
• After the American Revolution, Virginia’s

James Madison is called the “Father of the territories.
• George Washington, a Virginian, was elected agricultural base began to change, and as a result,
Constitution.”
as the first President of the United States of large numbers of Virginians moved west and to
America. He provided the strong leadership the deep South to find better farmland and new
needed to help our young country and provided opportunities.
a model of leadership for future Presidents. • Tobacco farming was hard on the soil, causing
Thus, he is often called the “Father of Our many farmers to look west and south for new
Country.” land to farm.
• James Madison, a Virginian, believed in the • Virginians migrated into western territories
importance of having a United States looking for large areas of land and new
constitution. He kept detailed notes during the opportunities.
Constitutional Convention. His skills at • As Virginians moved, they took their traditions,
compromise helped the delegates reach ideas, and cultures with them.
agreement during the difficult process of • Settlers crossed the Appalachian Mountains
writing the Constitution of the United States of through the Cumberland Gap as they migrated to
America. This earned him the title, “Father of new lands in the West.
the Constitution.”
b) identifying the ideas of George Mason

and Thomas Jefferson as expressed in the
Virginia Declaration of Rights and the
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.
George Mason, states that all Virginians have

many rights, including freedom of religion and
freedom of the press.
• The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom,
written by Thomas Jefferson, states that all
people should be free to worship as they please.

Father of the Constitution
Anticipation Set
REPRODUCIBLE 80
How much do you know

about James Madison?
NAME
BEFORE READING: Before reading pages 98 and AFTER READING:After reading pages 98-99, reread
99 in Our Virginia, read the following statements and each statement. Did you find support for the statement in
decide if you agree or disagree based on what you have the text or was there No Support? Check one of the boxes
already learned or what you think makes sense. Check on the right side of this paper. For each statement that had
the box under the word Agree or Disagree on the left Support, write the evidence in the blank row below the
side of the paper for each sentence. Then read pages 98 sentence. For each statement that had No Support, rewrite
and 99 looking for support for the sentences. the statement in the blank row to make it correct.
1. James Madison believed in the importance of No

Agree Disagree having a U.S. Constitution. Support Support
2. George Mason kept detailed notes during the No

Agree Disagree Constitutional Convention. Support Support
3. James Madison tried to get people to compromise, but No

Agree Disagree was unable to get delegates to agree. Support Support
4. James Madison argued tirelessly for a strong central No

Agree Disagree government for America. Support Support
5. Years later, James Madison became our country’s No

Agree Disagree fourth Vice-President. Support Support
6. James Madison became known as the “Father of our No

Agree Disagree Country.” Support Support

Constitutional Confusion
REPRODUCIBLE 81
R E A D E R ’ S T H E A T E R
Characters: (Virginians) James Madison, George Mason, George

Washington, John Blair, and Edmund Randolph
Setting: Constitutional Convention, Philadelphia, 1787
Scene: Virginians, on a short break from group discussions, are
sharing thoughts with each other on the confusion surrounding the Constitution.
John Blair (JB): (hot, tired and frustrated) Mr. Washington, thank you for calling a break. It is so hot in here,
and I don't know how we are going to agree with all of these other states when all we are doing is sweating
and arguing.
George Washington (GW): (reflectively) I know, it's difficult. The delegates from Massachusetts want what's
best for Massachusetts and the delegates from North Carolina want what's best for North Carolina. We have
twelve different perspectives.
Edmund Randolph (ER): (thoughtfully) You both are right. This will not work if each state is too
independent. We must figure out a better plan.
James Madison (JM): (calmly, but passionately) We need a strong, central, federal government to oversee all
the states. Without it, our new country will fail. We must get that message across.
George Mason (GM): (questioningly) Do you have any suggestions explaining how to do that?
JM: What we need is a plan that incorporates the core beliefs for all Americans while still giving each of the
states the independence to act on other issues.
ER: (with enthusiasm) Yes! That's exactly it. But how?
JM: Mr. Washington, what do you think about our dividing into groups? This way, each group can discuss one
aspect of our new government, and then we can come back together to share what the group has figured
out.
GW: I think that's a fine idea. How shall we divide ourselves?
JM: Mr. Blair, you could take the delegates from New York and Georgia to discuss issues surrounding voting.
JB: I'd be happy to. I think Mr. Mason should discuss the rights of individuals with the delegates from
Connecticut and South Carolina.
GM: Thank you. You know how strongly I feel about that. In fact, if these rights aren't addressed, I don't think
I could endorse our plan.
JM: I'm sure Mr. Randolf agrees with you. Mr. Randolf, let's allow Mr. Mason to address that, and you could
take the delegates from New Jersey and Maryland to discuss how new laws could be created as time goes on.
ER: Certainly, Mr. Madison.
JM: I will then take the delegates from Delaware and Vermont to discuss the idea of having three separate
branches of the federal government that would work together.
GW: Thank you, Mr. Madison. I believe you have a fine idea here. I will call the group back to order, and we
will divide into groups. Your passion and skills are really shining this summer. Thank you for your service to this
difficult process and to our new United States of America.
JM: It is my honor and pleasure, Sir.

CHAPTER 6: TEST A
Name
1 Which Virginian was elected the first 5 What document written by George
President of the United States? Mason states that all Virginians
A Thomas Jefferson should have freedom of religion and
B George Washington freedom of press?
C Patrick Henry A The Virginia Constitution
D George Mason B Declaration of States' Rights
C Mason's Bill of Rights
2 Settlers crossed the Appalachian D The Virginia Declaration of Rights
Mountains through the–
F Great Valley of Virginia 6 George Washington is often called
G Appalachian Plateau the–
H Wagon's Pass F “Father of Our Country”
J Cumberland Gap G “Father of the Constitution”
H “Father of Democracy”
3 Who was given the nickname J “Father of Presidents”
“Father of the Constitution?”
A Benjamin Franklin 7 What impact did tobacco farming
B George Washington have on the land?
C James Madison A It drew all the nutrients out of the
D John Adams soil making the land unproductive.
B Tobacco plants overtook other
4 After the Revolution, why did so crops causing a shortage in food.
many Virginians move west and to C It made the soil more fertile and
the deep South? better for farming.
F All the cities and towns in Virginia D The harvesting process made large
were destroyed in the war. holes which created ruts in the
G They hoped to find better farmland land.
and new opportunities.
8 The First Amendment of the U.S.
H All the land in Virginia had already
Constitution protects religious
been settled.
freedom and is based upon what
J Native American tribes were selling
document?
their homelands in the West and
F The Declaration of Independence
deep South.
G Virginia Church Laws
H Constitution of Religious Freedom
J Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom

9 What kind of leadership did George

Washington provide to help the
newly formed United States succeed
in its early years?
A no leadership at all
B bossy leadership
C weak leadership
D strong leadership
10 What impact did Virginians have in

the new areas they settled?
F They had no impact at all.
G They taught cotton farming
techniques to new farmers.
H Their traditions, ideas, and
culture spread to the areas they
settled.
J They helped the relationship
between the Americans and the
native peoples in areas they settled.
11 During the Constitutional

Convention, James Madison's skills at
compromise helped–
A Thomas Jefferson buy the
Louisiana Territory from France
B to have a king instead of a president
C the delegates reach agreements
during the writing of the
Constitution of the United States
D to write the King of England a letter
about rights of the people
12 Who wrote the Virginia Statute for

Religious Freedom?
F Dolley Madison
G Thomas Jefferson
H George Washington
J James Lafayette

CHAPTER 6: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Read each phrase and decide which person below is associated with it. Write the
number of each statement in the appropriate box. Questions 1-12.
1 Kept detailed notes during the Constitutional Convention
2 First President of the United States
3 Wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
4 Wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights
5 Model of leadership for future presidents
6 As President, bought the Louisiana Territory
7 Very skilled at compromising
8 “Father of the Constitution”
9 Believed Virginian’s had the right to freedom of religion and freedom of the press
10 Founded the University of Virginia
11 “Father of Our Country”
12 Refused to sign the Constitution
JAMES
MADISON GEORGE
WASHINGTON
GEORGE THOMAS
MASON JEFFERSON

13 The Virginia Declaration of Rights states that all Virginians have certain rights.
What are two of them?
14 What did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom state?
15 Why is tobacco farming one of the main reasons Virginians were moving west and
south after the Revolutionary War?
16 As settlers moved west, what was the name on the pass where they crossed
the Appalachian Mountains?

Name
1 During the American Revolution, 6 After the Revolution, in what
Virginia patriots served in the – direction did Virginians move for
A British Army better farmland and
B French Army opportunities?
C Continental Army F north and south
D Richmond Army G east
H northeast
2 What state borders Virginia to the
J west and south
west?
F North Carolina 7 Who granted the Virginia Company
G West Virginia of London the charters to begin a
H Texas settlement in America?
J Maryland A King of England
B King of France
C Parliament
D Governor of Virginia
8 How did James Madison earn the
title “Father of the Constitution?”
F He had the original idea to write
the Constitution.
G His skills at compromise helped
people to agree while writing the
3 According to the map above, Constitution.
Fredericksburg is located along H He was the first delegate to sign
which river? his name on the Constitution.
A Rappahannock J He was the delegate elected to
B Roanoke write the entire Constitution.
C James
D York 9 What did Captain John Smith
establish in Jamestown that helped
4 In what part of Virginia was the settlement to survive?
Iroquoian spoken? A treaty with the Powhatans
F Northern B water purification system
G Southwestern and Southern C forced work program
H Eastern D Richmond Army
J Northeastern
5 What group of people helped the
tobacco economy to expand?
A Africans
B women
C Germans
D Scotch-Irish
10 The Virginia Declaration of Rights 15 The Coastal Plain Region is located –

and the Virginia Statute for A west of the Fall Line
Religious Freedom both state – B east of the Fall Line
F freedom of the press C north of the Fall Line
G freedom to bear arms D north of the Fall Line
H freedom to worship as you please
J freedom from a king 16 Who financed the settlement of
Jamestown?
11 What role did Pocahontas play in
F King of England
the survival of the Jamestown
G John Rolfe
settlement?
H Captain John Smith
A She saw the colonists as invaders
J Virginia Company of London
of American Indian land.
B She served as a contact between 17 Who was commander-in-chief of the
the native peoples and the settlers. Continental Army?
C She helped heal the sick settlers. A George Mason
D She helped to teach native peoples B James Lafayette
how to speak English. C Thomas Jefferson
D George Washington
12 A crop that is grown to sell for
money is a – 18 What is a debt?
F cash crop F a good or service owed to another
G barter crop G coins and paper bills
H coin crop H saving money to spend later
J savings crop J trading or exchanging without the
use of money
13 What did Patrick Henry say about 19 The belief that all people are
taxation without representation? created equal and have rights to
A “…give me liberty or give me life, liberty, and the pursuit of
death.” happiness is expressed in the–
B “…I will choose death over taxes A Articles of Confederation
to England!” B Declaration of Independence
C “Unfair taxes shall not be paid!” C Virginia Statute for Religious
D “Boo to Parliament! Boo to the Freedom
King!” D Treaty of Paris
14 In what regions of Virginia did the 20 The old and rounded Blue Ridge
English and Africans primarily Mountains are a source of many –
settle? F artifacts
F Piedmont and Blue Ridge G oceans
Mountains H rivers
G Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and J bays
Piedmont
H Valley and Ridge and Tidewater
J Appalachian Plateau and Valley
and Ridge
Name
DIRECTIONS: Use the map to answer questions 1-3.
1 What American Indian language was primarily spoken in the Piedmont Region?
Algonquian
2 What language was primarily spoken by the Powhatan Indians?
3 What American Indian language was primarily

spoken in Southwestern and
Siouan
Southern Virginia?
Iroquoian
DIRECTIONS: Each question has two true statements. Put them in order of when they happened.
Put a 1 beside the sentence that happened first and a 2 beside the sentence that happened after.
4 _____ The governor of Virginia calls a meeting of the General Assembly.

_____ The burgesses become a separate legislative body called the House of Burgesses.
5 _____ The colonists declare independence from Great Britain.

_____ British Parliament imposes taxes on the colonists.
6 _____ The battle at Yorktown ends the American Revolution.

_____ Patrick Henry gives his famous “…give me liberty or give me death” speech.
7 _____ Thomas Jefferson writes the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.
_____ The delegates write the Constitution of the United States.
8 _____ Tobacco becomes the most important cash crop that Virginia sells to England.
_____ Captain John Smith begins the forced work program in Jamestown.
9 _____ The capital moves to Richmond.

_____ The capital moves to Williamsburg.
10 _____ More women arrive in Jamestown in 1620.

_____ The King of England grants charters to the Virginia Company of London.

DIRECTIONS: Match the famous Virginian with his contribution to history by writing the correct
letter on the line.
11 _____George Washington A called the “Father of the Constitution” because he helped

people work together to write the Constitution
12 _____Thomas Jefferson B inspired patriots in other colonies to speak out against

taxation without representation within the British Parliament
13 _____Patrick Henry C was commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and later

became the first President of the United States
14 _____George Mason D wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights which stated

Virginians should have freedom of religion and freedom of the press
15 _____James Madison E wrote the Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Statute

for Religious Freedom, and founded the University of Virginia
16 Name three states that border Virginia.
17 Why were Virginia's first settlements east of the Fall Line?
18 How did American Indians use their environment to meet their basic needs?
19 Why was tobacco so important to the Virginia Colony?
20 Why did many colonists barter for goods and services?
21 Why did the American colonies fight against England in the American Revolution?
22 What does the Bill of Rights give to every American?

REPRODUCIBLE 90
Parent CHAPTER
SEVEN:
THE
CIVIL WAR

When America split apart, Virginia was at the heart of the
fight. This chapter will develop students’ understanding of
the issues that divided our nation and Virginia—issues that
lead to the Civil War. It discusses the economic differences,
secession, the battlegrounds, Virginia leaders, and the effect
on Virginians.
Places to Visit to Enhance Learning

• Visit any Civil War battlegrounds in your community.
Learn the story of what happened there.
• American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar in
Richmond Questions to Ask
• Mariners’ Museum in Newport News
• Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond Your Child to Help
• Pamplin Historic Park in Petersburg Prepare for the Test
• Stratford Hall in Stratford
• Virginia War Museum in Newport News SOL Essential Questions:
• What conflicts developed
Talk About It! between the Northern and
• Discuss the economic and social differences in life today Southern states, in the years
between northern and southern Virginia as well as eastern following the American
and western Virginia. Revolution, and led to the Civil
• Hold a family debate about the morality and tactics of War?
John Brown and Nat Turner. • Why did Virginia secede from
• As you’re driving around town, point out any places that the Union?
were named after people or events in the war. • How did West Virginia become
a state?
• If you had relatives who participated in the war, share the
stories, photos, or memorabilia in the family. • What major Civil War battles
were fought in Virginia?
• Ask your child what he or she would do right now if
Virginia had plans to secede from the United States. Share • Who were some of the leaders
of the Civil War?
your thoughts as well. Then ask what your child would have
done if your family lived here in the 1860s. • How were whites, enslaved
African Americans, free African
• As you pass battlegrounds around the state, ask your
Americans, and American Indians
child what his or her impressions are of the land and what
affected by the Civil War?
happened there.

REPRODUCIBLE 91
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Seven (VS.7)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the issues that divided our nation
and led to the Civil War by:
Army of Northern Virginia, defeated Union

troops at Fredericksburg, Virginia.
a) identifying the events and differences
• Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy.

between Northern and Southern states that
It fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and was

divided Virginians and led to secession,
• The economy in the northern part of the burned near the end of the war.
war, and the creation of West Virginia.
United States was more industrialized, while in • Lincoln used the Union navy to blockade
the southern part it was agricultural and relied Southern ports. An important sea battle between
more on slave labor. the Monitor (Union) and the Merrimack
• Northern states wanted the new states created (Confederate), two iron-clad ships, took place in
out of the Western Territory to be “free states,” Virginia waters near Norfolk and Hampton. The
while the Southern states wanted the new states battle was fought to a draw.
to be “slave states.” • The Civil War ended at Appomattox Court
• Nat Turner led a revolt against plantation House, Virginia, where Confederate General
owners in Virginia. Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union
• Abolitionists campaigned to end slavery. General Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865.
• Harriet Tubman supported a secret route that
escaped enslaved African Americans took; it
became known as the “Underground Railroad.”
c) describing the roles played by whites,
• John Brown led a raid on the United States

enslaved African Americans, free African
Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He • Most white Virginians supported the
Americans, and American Indians.
was trying to start a slave rebellion. He was Confederacy.

captured and hanged. • The Confederacy relied on enslaved African
• After Abraham Lincoln was elected President Americans to raise crops and provide labor for
of the United States in 1860, some Southern the army.
states seceded from the Union and formed the • Some free African Americans felt their limited
“Confederate States of America.” Later Virginia rights could best be protected by supporting the
seceded and joined them. Confederacy.
• Conflict grew between the eastern counties of • Most American Indians did not take sides
Virginia that relied on slavery and western during the Civil War.
counties that did not favor slavery.
• Many disagreements between the two regions
of the state led to the formation of West
Virginia.
b) describing Virginia’s role in the war,

including identifying major battles that
• The first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas)

took place in Virginia.
was the first major clash of the Civil War.

Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson played a major role in this battle.
• General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the

SET US FREE!
REPRODUCIBLE 92
Nat Turner
Nat Turner was captured in the woods days after he
and fellow enslaved African Americans killed 55 slave
owners and their families including his master and his
master's family. He believed that if he killed all the
slave owners, the enslaved African Americans would
be free.
There has been much debate over the years as to
whether Nat Turner was a hero or a murderer. What
do you think?
Write the title “Nat Turner” on your paper. Under

the title, answer the following question.
Do you think Nat Turner was a brave civil rights
John Brown
leader or a crazed killer?
This October 18, 1859 headline was printed in the

New York Herald. Word of John Brown's raid spread
throughout the country and set people into panic.
The reaction of Americans was not the same
between those in the North and in the South. The
Northerners sympathized with his cause, mourned
Brown’s death, and considered him a martyr. The
Southerners were scared by what happened and
fearful of others doing the same.
This headline was printed in New York and is
sensational, but focused on the events that took
place. How might a paper in Virginia report the
same events differently?
Write the title “John Brown,” on your paper.

Under the title, create a headline for a
newspaper in Virginia covering the events of
John Brown's raid.
SET US FREE!
Harriet Tubman
REPRODUCIBLE 93
The book Minty: A Story of Young Harriet Tubman,

written by Alan Schroeder and illustrated by Jerry Pinkney,
is a fictionalized version of Harriet Tubman's childhood.
But as the author and illustrator created the book, they
used many facts from her life and tried to express her
personality. As you reread the book, focus your attention HARRIET TUBMAN
on the life Tubman lived and her personality.
Write the title “Harriet Tubman” on your paper.

Under the title, copy the web (shown at right)
onto your paper.
Fill in each of the circles with the following:
1- one word that you think describes Harriet
Tubman's personality
The Abolitionists
2- two scenes in the book that support
your thoughts
Write the title “Abolitionists” on your paper.

Read the story and then answer these questions on
your paper.
The book, A Good Night for Freedom, written 1. Hallie asked her father, “Would you help runaways?”
by Barbara Olenyik Morrow and illustrated by Would you help runaways? Why or why not?
Leonard Jenkins, is the story of a young girl 2. Mr. Coffin asked Hallie, “And what does thou think
who learns her aunt and uncle are abolitionists about that law?” What do you think of the law
helping slaves escape on the Underground against helping runaway slaves?
Railroad. The book is based on a true story of
3. Mr. Coffin goes on to say, “It is right to listen to thy
real abolitionists, Levi and Catherine Coffin, father. He's a good man. But thou has a conscience,
who helped about two thousand slaves escape. child.” What does Mr. Coffin mean by having a
conscience? If you're not sure, discuss it with your
teacher or parents.
Levi and Catherine Coffin
4. Hallie thinks being strong minded is “…thinking
for myself…doing what I believe is right when others,
even Pa, might not agree.” Three-year-olds might
think for themselves and disagree with their parents
all the time, but they are too young to understand
all the parts of making a decision. At what age do
you think children are old enough to have a
conscience and follow it? Are you old enough?
Support your answer with an example.
What Side Would
REPRODUCIBLE 94
Washington Choose?
Envelope used by the South
Envelope used by the North Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society.

Battleground:Virginia!
REPRODUCIBLE 95
NAME
Label this map with the

location of each battle.
FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN IMAGE SUMMARY

1
Location:
Commander:
Result:
Surprising fact:
BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG 2 IMAGE SUMMARY
Location:
Commander:
Result:
Surprising fact:
BATTLE OF HAMPTON ROADS 3 IMAGE SUMMARY
Location:
Commander:
Result:
Surprising fact:

TEST TAKING STRATEGY:
REPRODUCIBLE 96
LOOKING FOR OPPOSITES

Name
1 The First Battle of Bull Run had General “Stonewall”

Jackson leading the Southern troops to a big—
A loss
B tie
C victory
D naval battle
2 What important event of the Civil War occurred at

Appomattox Court House in 1865?
F The first shots of the Civil War in Virginia were fired.
G General Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to the
commander of the Union forces, General Grant.
H General Grant surrendered the Union Army to the General
Robert E. Lee of Virginia.
I Confederate General Thomas Jackson received his
nickname “Stonewall” during this long and bloody battle.
3 What was the Underground Railroad?

A an intricate series of underground tunnels
used by the railroad to transport coal
B secret routes used by southern slave
catchers when they journeyed north in
search of runaway slaves
C the place where John Brown was hanged
after he led a raid on the U.S. Armory in
Harper's Ferry, Virginia
D many secret routes leading escaped slaves
out of the South and into the free
Northern states

CIVIL WAR
REPRODUCIBLE 97
NEWSPAPER TOPICS
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
Nat Turner's revolt
John Brown and the raid at Harper's Ferry
Abolitionists seek an end to slavery
The Missouri Compromise
Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States in 1860
West Virginia becomes its own state
The First Battle of Bull Run
The fall of Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy
Appomattox Court House, Virginia

CHAPTER 7: TEST A
Name
1 A person who works to end slavery 6 What was the Underground

is called a(n)– Railroad?
A abolitionist F a train that escaping slaves could
B racist ride to freedom
C confederate G a series of safe houses heading
D loyalist north that slaves could use until
they were safe from recapture
2 What kind of economy existed in
H a tunnel leading to Canada that
the Northern states?
was dug deep underground for
F agricultural
escaping slaves to use
G industrialized
J a map given to slaves with secret
H suburban
train routes north to freedom
J rural
7 Towards the end of the Civil War,
3 As new states were forming in the
Ulysses S. Grant marched into the
western territory, on what issue did
burning Confederate capital of–
the Northern and Southern states
A Jamestown
disagree?
B Williamsburg
A agricultural versus industry
C Richmond
B representation in government
D Manassas
C slave states versus free states
D how each territory became a state 8 Who was responsible for leading a
raid on the United States Armory at
4 The economy in the South was
Harpers Ferry in hopes of starting a
mainly agricultural and relied on –
slave rebellion?
F slave labor
F John Brown
G women workers
G Harriet Tubman
H indentured servants
H Nat Turner
J free blacks
J Abraham Lincoln
5 General Robert E. Lee was –
9 Which general defeated the Union
A commander of the Army of
troops at the Battle of
Northern Virginia
Fredericksburg?
B president of the Confederacy
A Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
C elected President of the United
B Ulysses S. Grant
States after the Civil War
C Robert E. Lee
D commander-in-chief of the United
D Jefferson Davis
States Army

10 What did some southern states do 15 Conflict in Virginia between the

after the election of Abraham eastern and western counties over
Lincoln in 1860? slavery eventually led to–
F They had rallies showing their A the formation of West Virginia
support for his presidency. B moving the capital from Richmond
G They seceded from the Union to Charleston
because they believed Lincoln C the construction of a wall
would end slavery. separating the state
H They allowed each county in the D an emergency meeting of the
state to stay or leave the Union. General Assembly
J They held a strike against the
16 Confederate General Thomas
government because they felt the
“Stonewall” Jackson played a major
election was unfair.
role in which battle?
11 Harriet Tubman is known for– F Fredericksburg
A writing an abolitionist newspaper in G first Bull Run (Manassas)
Canada H Richmond
B supporting the continued J Yorktown
enslavement of African Americans
17 Which enslaved man led a slave
C helping enslaved African Americans
revolt in Virginia in 1831?
escape to freedom
A Abraham Lincoln
D being the personal slave of the
B Jack Jouett
Confederate president
C James Lafayette
12 Southern states that seceded from D Nat Turner
the Union formed the–
18 What was the first major
F Southern States United
battle of the Civil War?
G Slave States of America
F Hampton Roads
H Union of Confederate States
G Gettysburg
J Confederate States of America
H First Bull Run
13 What two iron-clad ships fought an J Harpers Ferry
important sea battle in Virginia
19 The Confederacy relied on enslaved
waters near Norfolk and Hampton?
African Americans to provide–
A Lewis and Clark
A guns and ammunition
B Monitor and Merrimack
B food and manual labor
C Jefferson and Lincoln
C medicine
D Meriwether and Clark
D survey new battle sites
14 Who won the Civil War?
F North (Union) 20 In April 1865 the Civil War ended
G Army of Northern Virginia when Robert E. Lee surrendered to
H Western territory Ulysses S. Grant at —
J South (Confederacy) F the White House
G the Confederate capital
H Harpers Ferry
J Appomattox Court House
CHAPTER 7: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Match the person or place to the event or accomplishment by placing

the correct letter on the blank.
1 _____Harriet Tubman A site where the South surrendered to the

Union and ended the Civil War
2 _____Nat Turner B commander of the Union troops
3 _____John Brown C led a raid on the Harper's Ferry Armory hoping to

start a slave rebellion
4 _____Stonewall Jackson D important sea battle beteen two iron-clad ships, the
Monitor and the Merrimack
5 _____Ulysses S. Grant E led a slave revolt against plantation owners in
Virginia
6 _____Robert E. Lee
F first major battle site of the Civil War in Virginia
7 _____Battle of Hampton Roads G capital of the Confederacy
H helped enslaved African Americans travel the

8 _____First Battle of Bull Run Underground Railroad
I Southern general who played an important role in

9 _____Appomattox Court House
the first Battle of Bull Run
10 _____Richmond J commander of the Army of Northern Virginia

11 Why did some Southern states secede from the Union after the 1860 presidential election?
12 What is a person who fights to end slavery called?
13 As new states were being created in the western territory, over what did the Northern and
Southern states disagree?
14 West Virginia used to be a part of the state of Virginia. What caused the western counties of
Virginia to break away and become a separate state?

REPRODUCIBLE 101 CHAPTER 7 : TEST B 2 OF 2
15 What was the role of Virginia's American Indians during the Civil War?
16 After the Southern states, including Virginia, seceded from the Union, what did they name
their new country?
17 Who was President of the United States during the Civil War?
18 What makes April 1865 an important date in Virginia history?
DIRECTIONS: Complete the Venn diagram comparing and contrasting the economies of the
North and South by placing the corresponding numbers in the correct circle.
19 Many factories 24 Farms
20 Large warehouses 25 Slave labor
21 Plantations 26 Child labor
22 Taverns 27 Women laborers
23 Few factories
NORTH SOUTH

Name
1 In what year did Jamestown become 5 An artifact is a(n)—
the first permanent English A computer scan of the soil
settlement? B natural resource used by
A 1605 American Indians
B 1606 C archeological dig site
C 1607 D an object made by a human being
D 1608
6 Who was James Lafayette?
2 What famous Virginian is often F French general that helped the
called the “Father of Our Country?” Americans during the Revolution
F George Washington G commander of the British forces
G Patrick Henry during the American Revolution
H Thomas Jefferson H loyalist spy for the British army
J James Madison J enslaved African American who
fought with the patriots to
3 What two large bodies of water eventually earn his freedom
border Virginia?
A Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay 7 Siouan was primarily spoken in the–
B James River and York River A Appalachian Plateau
C Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean B Tidewater Region
D Chesapeake Bay and Pacific Ocean C North Carolina
D Piedmont Region
8 The King of England granted

charters to the Virginia Company
of London to—
F bring slaves over from Africa
G begin colonies in North America
Richmond H rule over the American Indians
J explore the southwest
Jamestown
9 Jamestown settlers faced many
hardships such as—
A daily American Indian attacks
4 According to the map, Richmond
B lacking skills necessary to provide
and Jamestown are located along
for themselves
which major river?
C not enough rainfall
F James River
D high taxes from the King
G York River
H Rappahannock River
J Potomac River
REPRODUCIBLE 103 CHAPTERS 1-7 : CUMULATIVE TEST A 2 OF 2
10 What was the most profitable cash 15 Tobacco farming was hard on the
crop grown in the Virginia colony? soil, so many Virginia farmers—
F cotton A started planting corn instead
G corn B got jobs in factories
H tobacco C moved west and south for new
J beans land to farm
D moved north in search of new
11 What regions of Virginia depended opportunities
heavily on slave labor? 16 The current Virginia General
A Blue Ridge Mountains and Assembly dates back to the
Piedmont establishment of the —
B Appalachian Plateau and Valley and F Governor's Council
Ridge G British parliament
C Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Blue H Constitutional Convention
Ridge Mountains J House of Burgesses
D Coastal Plain and Piedmont
17 In what region of Virginia is the
12 Richmond, the capital of the Eastern Shore located?
Confederacy, was captured by— A Blue Ridge Mountains
F “Stonewall” Jackson B Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
G Confederate soldiers C Piedmont
H Ulysses S. Grant D Chesapeake Bay
J Robert E. Lee 18 The western counties of Virginia
did not favor slavery, so–
13 Why did the colonists believe that F West Virginia was formed
Parliament did not have the right to G the South lost the Civil War
tax them? H no large plantations existed in the
A They believed that only the King western part of the state
could issue taxes. J they seceded from the Union
B They thought taxes were
unconstitutional Use the map to
C They had no representation in answer question 19.
Parliament.
D They believed that taxes should x
Appomatox
only be paid to the Governor. Court House
14 Thomas Jefferson provided 19 According to the map, in which

leadership for America when he Virginia region did the South
wrote the— surrender to the North ending the
F Declaration of Independence Civil War?
G Constitution of the United States A Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
H Bill of Rights B Piedmont
J Virginia Company of London C Valley and Ridge
Charter D Blue Ridge Mountains

Name
DIRECTIONS: Write the correct number in the corresponding box on the map.
1 Atlantic Ocean
2 Chesapeake Bay
3 Eastern Shore
4 Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
5 Ridge and Valley
6 Blue Ridge Mountains
7 Piedmont
8 Appalachian Plateau
DIRECTIONS: Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition by placing the correct letter on
the blank.
9 _____ abolitionist A a citizen representative in government
10 _____ artifact B the freedoms or privileges of a person
11 _____ burgess C something grown to sell for a profit
12 _____ cash crop D a person who fought against slavery
13 _____ debt E an object made by a human being
14 _____ rights F somebody who fought in the Continental Army
15 _____ patriot G a good or service owed to another person
DIRECTIONS: Read each sentence carefully. The part of the sentence that is underlined is false.
Rewrite the sentence to make it a true statement.
16 The American victory at Yorktown resulted in the surrender of the English army and the
end of the Civil War.

REPRODUCIBLE 105 CHAPTERS 1-7 : CUMULATIVE TEST B 2 OF 2
17 Nat Turner led a raid on the United States Armory at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
18 Algonquian, the language of the Powhatan people, was spoken primarily in the Piedmont
Region.
19 The arrival of more Germans in 1620 made it possible for Jamestown to become a more
permanent settlement.
20 Virginia's American Indians are often referred to as the Atlantic Forest Indians.
DIRECTIONS: Sort each of the bulleted words listed below into the correct time period in the chart.
• Captain John Smith • Thomas Jefferson
• Monitor and Merrimack • Nat Turner
• Patrick Henry • Appomattox Court House
• Pocahontas • Jack Jouett
• Ulysses S. Grant • Battle of Bull Run
• Virginia Company of London • Loyalist
• George Washington • House of Burgesses
COLONIAL VIRGINIA THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR THE CIVIL WAR
21 25 30
26 31
22
27 32
23
28 33
24
29 34

35 Explain why slavery existed in the southern part of the country and not in the northern part.
36 Give one reason why the capital of Virginia was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond.
37 What does “taxation without representation” mean?

REPRODUCIBLE 106
Parent CHAPTER
EIGHT:
RECONSTRUCTION

Virginia was a changed place in the years following the Your Child to Help
end of the Civil War. This chapter develops students’
understanding of the Reconstruction period in Virginia. It
discusses the problems facing Virginia after the war; SOL Essential Questions:
segregation; and the eventual growth of the economy due to • What were some of the
industry, technology, and transportation. problems Virginians faced during
the period of Reconstruction
Places to Visit to Enhance Learning following the Civil War?
• Booker T. Washington National Monument in Hardy • What measures were taken
• Pocahontas Exhibition Coal Mine and Museum in during Reconstruction to resolve
Tazwell County (open April through October) Virginia’s problems?
• Valentine Richmond History Center in Richmond • What impact did “Jim Crow”
• Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke laws have on whites, African
• Check to see if your community has a local railway Americans, and American Indians
museum in Virginia?
• What happened to the rights of
Talk About It! African Americans after
• Ask your child what his or her priorities would be if he Reconstruction?
or she were the President of the United States following the • What changes took place in
Civil War. What would be addressed first? Virginia to boost the economic
• Talk through your day today and imagine together what growth?
it would have been like if the money in your wallet (or bank
account) were worthless.
• Discuss how discrimination today is illegal, and yet you
witness or experience it in today’s world. Talk with your
child about the magnitude of the discrimination that must
have been present when it was legal.
• Brainstorm a list of all the major cities in Virginia your
family has visited. As you name cities, have students
consider the railroads and highways that make the cities
accessible.
• Point out where your child has seen coal in the
community—in a mine, on a train, at a loading dock, etc.
and discuss how it is still a factor in Virginia’s economy.

REPRODUCIBLE 107
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Eight (VS.8)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Reconstruction era:
• African Americans were forced to use separate

poor-quality services such as drinking fountains,
a) identifying the effects of Reconstruction
• Reconstruction: the period following the Civil restrooms, and restaurants.

on life in Virginia.
War in which Congress passed laws designed to • African American and white children attended
rebuild the country and bring the Southern separate schools.
states back into the Union • “Jim Crow” Laws also had an effect on
• Millions of freed African Americans needed American Indians.
housing, education, clothing, food, and jobs.
• Virginia’s economy was in ruins: money had
no value; banks were closed; railroads, bridges,
c) describing the importance of railroads,
plantations, and crops were destroyed.

new industries, and the growth of cities to
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was a government • Virginia began to grow in many areas after the
Virginia’s economic development.
agency that provided food, schools, and medical Civil War and Reconstruction.
care for freed African Americans and others in • Virginia’s cities grew with people, businesses,
the Virginia. and factories.
• Sharecropping was a system common in • Railroads were a key to the expansion of
Virginia after the war in which freedmen and business, agriculture, and industry. They
poor white farmers rented land from a facilitated the growth of small towns to cities.
landowner by promising to pay the owner with • Other parts of Virginia grew as other industries
a share of the crop. developed. Coal deposits were discovered in
Tazewell County.
• The need for more and better roads increased.
• Tobacco farming and tobacco products became
b) identifying the effects of segregation
important Virginia industries.

and “Jim Crow” on life in Virginia for
whites, African Americans, and American
• Segregation: the separation of people, usually

Indians.
based on race or religion

• Discrimination: an unfair difference in the
treatment of people
• During Reconstruction, African Americans
began to have power in Virginia’s government,
and men of all races could vote.
• After Reconstruction, these gains were lost
when “Jim Crow” Laws were passed by the
Southern states. “Jim Crow” Laws established
segregation or separation of the races and
reinforced prejudices held by whites.
• Unfair poll taxes and voting tests were
established to keep African American men from
voting.
• African Americans found it very difficult to
vote or hold public office.

TWO-COLUMN NOTES: JIM CROW DAYS
REPRODUCIBLE 108
Below are phrases that belong on the left or right side of two-column notes for page 133.
The main ideas of the two sections of the page are in large letters. These statements will go
on the left side of your paper.
The supporting details of those main ideas are listed as well. They will go on the right side of
your paper.
• On a separate piece of paper, write your name and label it Jim Crow Days page 133.
• Divide the rest of the paper into two columns by drawing a line down the center.
• Use scissors to cut out the phrases below. Arrange them on the paper in the two-column
note format. Glue or tape in place when you have it arranged.
• Segregation: separating people • Discrimination: unfair difference in

usually based on race or religion the treatment of people
• Voting Tests: difficult tasks African • Separate Schools: all-white and all-
Americans had to complete in order to black schools or tribal schools
vote
• Previous equal rights laws were Examples of

replaced by Black Codes (Jim Crow Segregation and
Laws)
Discrimination
• Segregation became legal in the • Separate Public Facilities: blacks and

United States whites used separate restrooms, drinking
fountains, restaurants
Gains made by African • Poll Taxes: you had to pay for the
Americans during right to vote
Reconstruction were lost

TWO-COLUMN NOTES: VIRGINIA ON THE GO
REPRODUCIBLE 109
NAME
DIRECTIONS: Two-column notes have been started for you. Reread each paragraph on pages 134-
135 to complete the missing information.
Virginia’s • Cities grew with ___________________, businesses, and

Railroads __________________________________.
• Key in helping __________________ and _________________
grow.
• Small towns became big ______________________________.
From Big Lick to • Railroad changed the population from

Roanoke
_________________ to ______________________ in 11 years.
• Coal from __________________ traveled by train to port cities.
Change Is Coming
• Factories made ____________________,
_______________________, and clothing.
• Better roads were needed to _______________________.
Growing Bigger,
• _____________________ replaced horse-drawn carriages.
Growing Faster
• Major cities were linked by ___________________.

CONNECTING CITIES
REPRODUCIBLE 110
Name
Railroads were a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry.

They brought new jobs and people to small towns facilitating their growth into cities.
• Examine the map below that shows the railroad tracks around Virginia.
• Using the map on page 12 and 13, label cities 1-6 in the boxes on the map below.
• Complete items 7-10.
RAILROADS
IN VIRGINIA
7 Beside each city that you labeled in numbers 1 through 6, write the number
of railways that intersect at each city.
8 Label Tazewell County and color it.
9 Use a highlighter or marker to highlight the rails that travel from the western coal fields to
the eastern shipping ports.
10 On the back of this page, answer the following question:

How did the railroads lead to the growth of small towns into cities?

MACHINES ROAR
REPRODUCIBLE 111
Name
Industrial Revolution or
• changed______________________________________
Machine Age
________________________________________________
• foundries: ____________________________________
________________________________________________
Louder, Faster, Cheaper • ____________________,__________________________

factory towns
________________________________________________
• textiles: _______________________________________
________________________________________________
factory product examples • _____________________,_________________________

_______________________,________________________
_______________________,_________________________
_______________________,_________________________
_______________________,_________________________
Littlest Workers • mostly_______________________________________
employees also some________________________________________
and ____________________________________________
________________________________________________
A Nation of Smokers • One of Virginia’s industries

_________________________________________________
tobacco
_________________________________________________
• ________________________,_______________________
cities filled with tobacco
workers ________________________________________________

Vocabulary Strategy: Substitute It!
REPRODUCIBLE 112
Name
Each excerpt comes directly from the textbook and contains a key vocabulary word. Circle any word or
words in the sentence or paragraph that help you to better understand the meaning of the underlined word.
Then write the definition of the word.
1 “The twelve year period following the war is called Reconstruction. It was a time of great
hope for people of color and a time of growing bitterness for some white Southerners who found they had
literally lost everything because of the war.” (pg. 130)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2 “Both freed slaves and poor white farmers rented small plots of land from a bigger landowner
by promising to pay the owner with a share of whatever crop they grew. Some grew beans or tobacco,
and others raised livestock. Being a sharecropper was a hard life.” (pg. 131)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3 “Hatefully, some Southern whites vowed to fight in any way they could, even if it meant burning a
school or beating a person to death. Thousands of others were victims of discrimination in finding jobs,
houses, or an education.” (pg. 132)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4 “Churches, banks, schools, and universities were built and the 15th Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution finally allowed black men to vote and run for political office.” (pg. 132)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5 “In 1896 the United States Supreme Court heard his case—Plessy v. Ferguson—and decided
that states could separate blacks from whites. Segregation was now officially “okay” all across the
nation.” (pg. 133)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6 “People went from making the things they needed, such as clothing and furniture, in their own
homes using simple tools, and began making them in big factories with lots of machines. With farms ruined
by the war, many Virginians came to the cities to work in factories, foundries, and mills.” (pg. 136)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7 “Machines chugged and roared around the clock as workers watched over clanging
contraptions making textiles, cigarettes, silk, shoes, and glassware.” (pg. 136)
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

THE SOUL OF RECONSTRUCTION
REPRODUCIBLE 113
MERRY-GO-ROUND
By Langston Hughes
Where is the Jim Crow section

On this merry-go-round,
Mister, cause I want to ride?
Down South where I come from
White and colored
Can't sit side by side.
Down South on the train
There's a Jim Crow car.
On the bus we're put in the back-
But there ain't no back
To a merry-go-round!
Where's the horse
For a kid that's black?
From The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes by Langston Hughes,

copyright 1994 by the Estate of Langston Hughes. Used with
permission of Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc..
The Man with No Mule Now Mister says we'll have to leave
By Judy Jordan when the season ends, give
the mule to go against our debt.
I've done the figures five times, I have no fondness
worn my pencil to a stub, for those long ears pinned back
and still can't come out ahead. and that stubborn streak, but Lord knows
The numbers swim like fish across my eyes. how I'll start again without him.
Even when I net them,
they squiggle out of reason. The man with two mules
can almost plow out a living.
I make my mark and break my back A man with one can just get by.
for what I'll give away. But the man with no mule
Mister sells me seed, will hack at the earth by hand
sets the price at harvest, and dig himself deeper.
and I keep half the crop-
but the money I owe him Judy Jordan's book, Carolina Ghost Woods, is a very
grows like a blister in my shoe moving collection of poems. She wrote this poem to honor
her mother, who died at the age of forty-two when the
until it feels hard to walk poet was seven years old.
and the air gets tight inside my chest. Used with permission of Louisiana State University Press.

REPRODUCIBLE 114
The Collier Lass

Author Unknown
My names Polly Parker, I come o'er from Worsley

My father and mother work in the coal mine
Our family's large, we have got seven children,
So I am obliged to work in the same mine.
As this is my fortune, I know you'll feel sorry
That in such employment my days I shall pass
I keep up my spirits, I sing and look merry
Although I am but a poor collier lass.
By the greatest of dangers each day I'm surrounded

I hang in the air by a rope or a chain.
The mine may fall in, I may be killed or wounded,
May perish by damp or the fire of the train.
And what would you do if it weren't for our labour?
In wretched starvation your days you would pass,
While we could provide you with life's greatest blessing,
Then do not despise the poor collier lass.
The following poem concerns 8-year old Sarah, whose From a Railway Carriage
occupation was that of a “trapper.” This was a job given
to young children who worked in the coal pits. The child By Robert Louis Stevenson
sat for hours, often in total darkness, opening and closing Faster than fairies, faster than witches,
the doors that controlled the air currents down the pit. It
was written in 1842, in the hopes of ending child labor in Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches;
the coal mines of Britain. And charging along like troops in a battle,
All through the meadows, the horses and cattle:
All of the sights of the hill and the plain
Fly as thick as driving rain;
And ever again, in the wink of an eye,

Painted stations whistle by.
Here is a child who clambers and scrambles,

All by himself and gathering brambles;
Here is a tramp who stands and gazes;
And there is the green for stringing the daisies!
Here is a cart run away on the road
Lumping along with man and load;
And here is a mill and there is a river:
Each a glimpse and gone for ever!
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) was a Scottish
author and poet. His classic collection, A Child's Garden
of Verses is filled with wonderful poems.

CHAPTER 8: TEST A
Name
1 What happened to the millions of 5 What is sharecropping?

southern slaves after the Union won A A person rents farm land and pays
the Civil War? the landowner with a share of the
A The government sent all of crop.
them to the Western Territories. B A field of corn is sheared at the root
B Slavery became illegal and all to plant the next crop.
enslaved African Americans were C Two farmers share in the burden of
freed. planting crops.
C Southern slaves were sent to the D Two different crops are planted in
Caribbean to work on sugar the same field.
plantations. Use the picture to answer question 6.
D Enslaved African Americans kept
working on plantations for a wage.
2 African Americans had a hard time

voting because of unfair—
F voting machines
G poll taxes
H ballots
6 This picture is an example of—
J voting locations
F slavery
G patriotism
3 What was one reason that Virginia's H segregation
economy was in ruins after the Civil J sharecropping
War?
A Many northerners went down south 7 What happened to Virginia's cities
on vacations. during Reconstruction?
B The battles created dams in the rivers A Everyone left the cities to start new
that flooded major cities and towns. lives in the Western Territories.
C Transportation routes for goods and B Most people in the cities bought
services to get to market were land and began tobacco farming.
destroyed. C The cities stayed the same.
D The soil was ruined and nothing D The cities grew with people,
would grow. businesses, and factories.
4 What was discovered in Tazewell that 8 What is discrimination?

quickly became the main industry of F treating everyone equally
the area? G the ability to own land
F gold ` H the process a person must go
G oil through in order to vote
H steel J unfair treatment of one person or
J coal group of people

9 The years after the Civil War in which 14 What was the Freedmen's Bureau
the U.S. Congress passed laws to created to do?
rebuild the country and reunite the F help poor white southerners
northern and southern states was regain the land they lost during the
called– Civil War
A Reconstruction G help place the newly freed white
B abolition Confederate soldiers in jobs
C taxation H provide schools, food, clothing,
D colonization and medical care for freed African
American slaves and others in
10 What did southern states establish Virginia
that legally separated the races and J loan money to southern banks
reinforced old prejudices? so they could reopen
F “Jim Crow” Laws
G sharecropping 15 What group of people besides
H separate governments African Americans did “Jim Crow”
J slavery laws affect?
A Germans
11 What industry made a comeback
B women
after the Civil War to become one
C American Indians
of Virginia's biggest businesses?
D Scots-Irish
A tobacco farming
B slave trade
16 Which of the following is NOT an
C indentured servitude
example of Virginia's ruined
D trade with American Indians
economy after the Civil War?
F Money had no value.
12 Jim Crow laws led to African
G Large factories and warehouses shut
American and white children
down.
attending–
H Banks were closed.
F the same schools
J Railroads, bridges, plantations, and
G boarding schools
crops were destroyed.
H separate schools
J military schools
13 What was the main reason business,

agriculture, and industry were able
to expand so rapidly after the Civil
War?
A railroads
B automobiles
C inland ports
D airplanes

CHAPTER 8: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: After Reconstruction, “Jim Crow” Laws had a negative effect on the rights of African
Americans and American Indians. Explain each discriminatory law and its effects. Questions 1-4.
1 Poll Taxes 2 Voting tests
3 Use of public facilities 4 Education

DIRECTIONS: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks in the sentences from Our Virginia.
Reconstruction • “Jim Crow” laws • discrimination

foundries • segregation
5 “In the years after Reconstruction, laws to keep blacks apart from whites became known as
_______________________.”
6 “With their farms ruined by the war, many Virginians came to the cities to work in factories,
___________________, and mills.”
7 “The twelve year period following the war is called __________________”
8 “In 1896 the United States heard his case—Plessy v. Ferguson—and decided that states could
separate blacks and whites. _________________ was now officially a law in America and years of
______________________ followed.”
DIRECTIONS: Answer each of the following questions in complete sentences.
9 How did the railroad help Virginia's economy to grow?
10 What valuable natural resource was discovered in Tazewell?
11 Explain why the Freedmen's Bureau was established.
12 What agricultural product again became an important Virginia industry?
13 Explain sharecropping.
14 How were American Indians affected by “Jim Crow” laws?

Name
1 The five states that border Virginia 6 What document written by George
are Maryland, West Virginia, Mason gave all Virginians freedom
Tennessee, North Carolina, and — of religion and freedom of the
A Pennsylvania press?
B Ohio F Virginia Statute for Religious
C Kentucky Freedom
D South Carolina G Virginia Declaration of Rights
H Virginia Bill of Rights
2 One reason colonists decided to
J Constitution of the United States
build a settlement at Jamestown was
because— 7 Who led a raid at Harper's Ferry to
F the water along the shore was deep start a slave rebellion?
enough for ships to dock A Nat Turner
G the Native Americans welcomed B Harriet Tubman
them C Abraham Lincoln
H the King had ordered them to build D John Brown
at that exact site
J the forests and woodlands 8 The Great Valley of Virginia is
prevented the colonists from located in the—
moving inland F Piedmont Region
G Appalachian Plateau Region
3 What major transportation system H Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region
was key to the expansion of J Valley and Ridge Region
business, agriculture, and industry
after the Civil War? 9 Why did the Southern states depend
A railroads heavily on African slave labor?
B trucking A They needed cheap and reliable
C shipping workers for farming.
D airlines B The South was industrialized and
needed workers for the factories.
4 What is the definition of barter? C They were building an army of
F trading or exchanging goods and slaves to fight the North.
services without using money D Slaves paid them rent for living on
G money put away for savings the plantations.
H buying now and paying later
J a good or service owed to someone 10 Who was the Commander of the
Army of Northern Virginia during
5 The Revolutionary War ended at— the Battle of Fredericksburg?
A Appomattox F Ulysses S. Grant
B Richmond G Stonewall Jackson
C Yorktown H Robert E. Lee
D Hampton Roads J George Washington

Use the timeline to answer question 11.

16 What was the first elected
legislative body in English America?
1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 F House of Burgesses
Southern Monitor Battle of Siege of Southern
States and Gettysburg Fredericks- States
G General Assembly
Secede Merrimac burg Surrender H House of Representatives
J Senate
11 According to the timeline, how long
did the Civil War last? 17 “Jim Crow” Laws were passed by
A one year Southern states establishing—
B two years A legal rights for all
C three years B women had the right to vote
D four years C the legal separation of blacks and
whites
12 What crop was used like money by D African American power in
the Virginia colonists? government
F corn
G cotton 18 Virginia's colonial capital was
H tobacco moved from Williamsburg to—
J squash F Jamestown
G Washington, D.C.
13 The natural border of waterfalls H Yorktown
between the Coastal Plain and J Richmond
Piedmont Regions is known as the—
A Eastern Shore 19 What southwest Virginia county
B York River discovered it was filled with coal
C Boundary Line deposits?
D Fall Line A Tazewell
B Roanoke
14 Settlers moving west to new lands C Alexandria
crossed the Appalachian Mountains D Hampton Roads
through the—
F Coastal Plain 20 Who inspired a nation of patriots
G Cumberland Gap to fight for the Revolution by
H Kentucky Plains saying, “...give me liberty or give
J Fall Line me death?”
F George Mason
15 The American Indians introduced G Patrick Henry
new crops to the colonists, such as— H Thomas Jefferson
A rice J George Washington
B wheat
C corn
D sunflowers

Name
DIRECTIONS: Match the examples with the correct vocabulary word by writing the
letter on the blank.
1 _____ arrow head A cash crop
2 _____ unfair voting tests B barter
3 _____ tobacco C artifact
4 _____ slavery is banned D “Jim Crow” Law
5 _____ 1 chicken = 1 sack of flour E peninsula
6 _____ Eastern Shore F free states

7 By what name are Virginia's American Indians often referred?
8 What document written by Thomas Jefferson stated that all people should be free to
worship as they please?
9 What was the main reason England wanted to start a colony in America?
10 Explain how Virginia's American Indians live today versus how they lived in the past.
11 What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
12 During the Revolutionary War, what important event took place in Yorktown?
13 How did the leadership of Captain John Smith help Jamestown to survive?
14 How did West Virginia become a state?

DIRECTIONS: After the Civil War, slavery became illegal in the United States, and positive changes
took place for African Americans. Unfortunately, some things in the South remained the same.
Write the number next to each word or phrase in the correct space on the Venn Diagram.
15 poll tax 1900

1850
16 racism
17 slavery
18 segregation
19 freemen
20 right to vote
21 prejudice
22 plantations
23 Underground Railroad
DIRECTIONS: Using the word box, label each major river on the map of Virginia and the city located
along its shores. Questions 24-32.
York River • James River • Richmond • Rappahannock River • Jamestown

Fredericksburg • Potomac River • Alexandria • Yorktown

REPRODUCIBLE 123
Parent CHAPTER
NINE:
CHANGING
TIMES
Today, Virginia is one of the most important states in our

What Are We Studying Now? Questions to Ask to Help
nation. This unit will enhance students’ understanding of
20th and 21st century life in Virginia. It discusses changes SOL Essential Questions:
in our society; famous Virginians in the state, in the nation, • Why did Virginia change from
and throughout the world; the Civil Rights movement; and an agricultural society?
present day government and economics. • What caused Virginia’s cities to
grow?
Places to Visit to Enhance Learning • How did Woodrow Wilson’s
• Afro-American Historical Association of Fauquier actions impact international
County events?
• Alexandria Black History Museum • How did George C. Marshall’s
• Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia actions impact America’s role with
in Richmond other world nations?
• Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site in Richmond • What changes occurred in
• Capitol Building in Richmond Virginia as a result of the Civil
Rights Movement?
• Marshall Museum in Lexington
• Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library in Staunton • What contributions to 20th -
21st century life in Virginia were
made by Maggie L. Walker; Harry
Talk About It! Flood Byrd, Sr.; Oliver W. Hill, Sr.;
• Brainstorm a list of words that describe your
Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.; A. Linwood
community’s rural and urban qualities.
Holton, Jr.; and L. Douglas Wilder?
• If you live in or are near an urban area, discuss what
• What are the three branches of
factors helped the city grow and what factors are government in Virginia, and what
influencing its growth today. are the powers of each branch?
• Arrange a conversation for your child with an older • What are the major products
person who is able to share personal stories from any of the and industries of each region in
many issues in this SOL. Consider grandparents, an elderly Virginia?
neighbor, or friend. Together, or privately, discuss how • How have advances in
these issues have changed over time. transportation facilitated
• Share what you know about any of the people discussed migration and economic growth?
in this standard. Then ask your child if he or she can think • How have advances in
of anyone alive today that is making as significant of an communications and technology
impact in society as these people did. helped the economy grow?
• Identify your region’s products and industries. Take a • In what ways is Virginia part of
drive around to show your child examples of these things. the U.S. economy?

REPRODUCIBLE 124
Essential Knowledge for Chapter Nine (VS.9)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of twentieth and twenty-first centuries in Virginia by:
• Integration: full equality of all races in the use of public facilities
• The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 (Brown v. Board of
a) describing the economic and social transition from a
Education) that “separate but equal” public schools were

rural, agricultural society to a more urban, industrialized
unconstitutional.
society, including the reasons people came to Virginia from
• During the early 20th century, agriculture began to change. • All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to
other states and countries.
• Old systems of farming were no longer effective. desegregate.

• Crop prices were low. • Virginia’s government established a policy of Massive Resistance,
• People moved from rural to urban areas for economic which fought to “resist” the integration of public schools.
opportunities. • Some schools were closed to avoid integration.
• Technological developments in transportation, roads, railroads, • The policy of Massive Resistance failed, and Virginia’s public
and streetcars helped cities grow. schools were integrated.
• Coal mining spurred the growth of Virginia towns and cities as • Harry F. Byrd, Sr. led a Massive Resistance Movement against the
people moved from the countryside to find jobs. desegregation of public schools.
• During the 20th century, Northern Virginia has experienced
growth due to increases in the number of federal jobs located in the
region.
d) identifying the political, social and/or economic
• In the late 20th century and early 21st century, Northern Virginia
contributions made by Maggie Walker; Harry F. Byrd, Sr.;
and the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region have grown due to

Oliver W. Hill, Sr.; Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.; A. Linwood Holton,
• Maggie L. Walker was the first African American woman to

computer technology.
Jr.; and L. Douglas Wilder.
establish and become a bank president in the United States.

• People have moved to Virginia from many other states and
• Harry F. Byrd, Sr., as governor, was known for a “Pay As You
nations.
Go” policy for road improvements, and he modernized Virginia
state government.
• Oliver W. Hill, Sr. was a lawyer and civil rights leader who
b) identifying the impact of Virginians, such as Woodrow
• Woodrow Wilson was a 20th century President who wrote a plan worked for equal rights of African Americans. He played a key role
Wilson and George C. Marshall, on international events.
for world peace. in the Brown v. Board of Education decision.

• George C. Marshall was a military leader who created an • Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. was the first African American winner of a
economic plan to ensure world peace. major men’s tennis singles championship. He was also an author
and eloquent spokesperson for social change.
• A. Linwood Holton, Jr., as governor of Virginia, promoted racial
equality, and appointed more African Americans and women to
c) identifying the social and political events in Virginia
positions in state government than previous governors.

linked to desegregation and Massive Resistance and their
• Segregation: the separation of people, usually based on race or

• L. Douglas Wilder, as governor of Virginia, was the first African
relationship to national history.
religion
• Desegregation: abolishment of racial segregation American to be elected a state governor in the United States.
Essential Knowledge (VS.10)

The student will demonstrate knowledge of government, geography, and economics by:
• Valley and Ridge: Products- poultry, apples, dairy, beef;
Industries- farming
a) identifying the three branches of Virginia government and
• The government of Virginia is divided into three branches. • Appalachian Plateau: Products- coal; Industries-coal mining
the function of each.
• The General Assembly is the legislative branch of the Virginia

government that makes state laws. It is divided into two parts—the
Senate and the House of Delegates.
c) explaining how advances in transportation,
• The governor heads the executive branch of the state government.

communications, and technology have contributed to
The executive branch makes sure that state laws are carried out. • Virginia’s transportation system (highways, railroads, and air
Virginia’s prosperity and role in the global economy.
• The judicial branch is the state’s court system. The judicial branch transportation) moves raw materials to factories and finished
decides cases about people accused of breaking the law and whether products to markets. Virginia exports agricultural and manufactured
or not a law agrees with Virginia’s constitution. products including tobacco, poultry, coal, and large ships.
• Virginia has a large number of communications and other
technology industries.
• Tourism is a major part of Virginia’s economy.
b) describing the major products and industries of Virginia’s
• Coastal Plain (Tidewater): Products- seafood, peanuts; Industries- • Because many federal workers live and/or work in Virginia, the
five geographic regions.
shipbuilding, tourism, military bases federal government has a significant impact on Virginia’s economy.
• Piedmont: Products- tobacco products, information technology;
Industries- Federal and state government, farming, horse industry
• Blue Ridge Mountains: Products- apples; Industries- recreation,
farming

NAME
VIRGINIA CHANGES VS.9a
REPRODUCIBLE 125

Virginia changed from a rural,
There was a decline in People came to Virginia from
agricultural society to a more Virginia's cities grew.
Virginia’s agricultural society other states and countries.
urban, industrial society.
old systems of farming were Virginia's beauty and

no longer effective jobs crop prices dropped
quality of life
roads, railroads, streetcars coal mining, federal jobs freedom economic opportunities
REPRODUCIBLE 126
VS.9a
Topic:
Name:

TROUBLE IN SCHOOL
REPRODUCIBLE 127
Complete the blanks in this Cause and Effect Chain

Organizer to demonstrate how some effects become
causes of additional effects.
NAME:
CAUSE Parents of students in all-black schools joined together in Brown v. Board

of Education to argue that
_________________________________________________________________
The United States Supreme Court ruled

EFFECT
_________________________________________________________________
CAUSE _________________________________________________________________
All schools in America were required to

EFFECT
_________________________________________________________________
CAUSE _________________________________________________________________
Harry F. Byrd and other politicians tried to stop _____________________

EFFECT
In Virginia through a program called
____________________________ _________________________________
CAUSE
EFFECT Some schools closed to avoid _______________________________________

and others closed because___________________________________________
It was still many more years until Virginia's schools were integrated.

CAUSE AND EFFECT CHAIN ORGANIZER
REPRODUCIBLE 128
NAME:
TOPIC:
CAUSE
EFFECT
CAUSE
EFFECT
CAUSE
EFFECT
CAUSE
EFFECT

REPRODUCIBLE 129
Lessons/Skills Learned

HILL, HOLTON, AND WILDER
REPRODUCIBLE 130
Name
In August of 1956, TV reporters interviewed Robert Crawford, who spoke out against school
desegregation, and Oliver Hill who argued against segregation. Here is what each man said:
Crawford: “We insist that this issue is much more than who goes to school
with whom. It is a matter of state rights. We believe that, if the Supreme Court
of the federal government can come down into Virginia and other states and
tell us how to conduct our schools, that we are departing a long way from the
original idea of states’ rights, state sovereignty, and individual liberties.”
Hill: “I feel that this hullabaloo over Interposition [The interruption of a

conversation by introducing a different subject] is merely deceiving the public
and creating a false impression of the validity of segregation. Unquestionably
segregation is immoral, it’s uneconomical, and it violates our Christian and
democratic principles. I am certain that the enactment of this interposition
resolution merely stresses the hands of those types of individuals in our
community that would bring anarchy to Virginia, such as it presently exists in
Mississippi, South Carolina, and other Southern…”
Oliver W. Hill
1. How did Oliver W. Hill put his beliefs to work for equal rights for African Americans?

HILL, HOLTON, AND WILDER
REPRODUCIBLE 131
A. Linwood Holton
2. Explain one way in which Linwood Holton promoted racial equality as governor of Virginia.
L. Douglas Wilder
3. What experiences in L. Wilder’s life gave him the strength, confidence, and experience to
successfully become our nation’s first African American state governor?

REPRODUCIBLE 132

TOURISM MAKES MONEY
REPRODUCIBLE 133
NAME:
Turn to pages 160-161 in Our Virginia: Past & Present. Use these two pages as you answer
the following questions. If you have not visited any of these places yet, please answer the
questions as if you were planning a trip to one of them.
1. How many of these 45 places have you been? _______________

Which was your favorite? If you have not been to any, which would you like to go to the most?
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. How did you get there? ________________________________________________________
3. Did you buy a ticket or make a donation while visiting? ___________________________
4. What did you eat while you were there? _________________________________________
5. Did you buy any souvenirs or gifts while you were there? If so, what did you buy?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Did you go home the same day, or did you stay overnight? _________________________
If you stayed overnight, where did you sleep? ___________________________________________
7. What else did you do on your trip before or after visiting the location?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Consider your own town or city to answer the following questions.
8. What places are available for people to stay overnight when they visit?
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. What places are available for people to eat in? ____________________________________
10. What types of things are available to do during the day? ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
11. What types of things are available to do at night? _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. What systems of transportation are available for them to come to your town or city?
____________________________________________________________________________________
13. What is available for them to use to get around the town or city?
____________________________________________________________________________________

NAME:
VIRGINIA’S GOVERNMENT
Choose three different colors of highlighters or colored pencils. Outline all the words about the judicial branch in
one color. Choose a second color to outline all the words about the legislative branch. Finally, outline all the words
about the executive branch in a third color.
REPRODUCIBLE 134

VA
NAME:
VIRGINIA’S GOVERNMENT ATTRIBUTE CHART

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH
REPRODUCIBLE 135

On the back of this page explain how Virginia’s government is like a three-legged stool .
LITERATURE CIRCLE
REPRODUCIBLE 136
Literature Circle Role Sheet: Discussion Director

Book: ______________________________ Name: ________________________________
Your job is to write three discussion questions that you would like your group to talk about. Base
your questions on your own thoughts, feelings, or questions as you read the story. Write questions
that will help your group talk about the characters, settings, and events. Do not create simple “yes”
or “no” questions. You also need to write your own answers to these questions.
1. Question:______________________________________________________________________________
Answer:___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Question:_______________________________________________________________________________
Answer:___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Question:_____________________________________________________________________________
Answer:___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Literature Role Sheet: Summarizer

Book:_______________________________ Name: ________________________________
Your job is to write a summary of the book, focusing on the main idea. Your summary should be
a paragraph that states the main ideas and events. Then, choose three points that you believe
are the most important in the story.
Summary:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Key Points
1.________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

LITERATURE CIRCLE
REPRODUCIBLE 137
Literature Circle Role Sheet: Literary Luminary

Book:_________________________________ Name: ________________________________
Your job is to choose meaningful paragraphs or sentences from the book to discuss with your
group. This will help your group better understand the story. Focus on something you find
interesting, funny, or important. Write the page number, paragraph, and reason for choosing the
section on the lines below.
1. Page:______Paragraph number:_________ Reason:__________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Page:_____________________Paragraph number:_______Reason:______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Page:_____________________Paragraph number:__________Reason:___________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Literature Circle Role Sheet: Vocabulary Enricher

Book:_______________________________ Name: ________________________________
Your job is to look for four important words in your book. You may choose words that you do not
know or words you already know but are important to understanding the story. Write down the
page number, paragraph number, and definition in the chart. When your circle meets, talk about
how these words were used in the story.
Word Page Number Paragraph Number Definition

CHAPTER 9: TEST A
Name
1 What caused Northern Virginia to 6 Arthur Ashe, Jr. was an author, civil
experience a growth in cities and rights spokesperson, and the first
towns? African American to –
A It became a railroad hub for the F run for the Virginia state senate
region. G win a major men's tennis singles
B There were many inland ports championship
created to ship goods overseas. H participate in the Olympics
C There was an increase in federal J lead the fight against Massive
government jobs in the area. Resistance
D A large shipbuilding industry was
created during World War II. 7 Separating people base on race is
called –
2 What was the main reason people A desegregation
moved from rural to urban areas? B segregation
F economic opportunities C discrimination
G participation in government D togetherness
H freedom
J private schooling for their children 8 Which term means the equality
of all races in the use of parks,
3 Who was the first African American schools, and libraries?
to be elected state governor? F prejudice
A A. Linwood Holton, Jr. G desegregation
B Harry F. Byrd, Sr. H Black Codes
C L. Douglas Wilder J racism
D Oliver W. Hill, Sr.
9 What is one technological
4 What policy did Virginia's development that helped cities to
government establish to fight grow?
against school desegregation? A roads
F Doctrine of Private Schools B carriages
G Pay As You Go C sidewalks
H Civil Rights Movement D street signs
J Massive Resistance
10 Maggie L. Walker was the first
5 During the twentieth century, African American woman to become
Virginia's agricultural society changed a(n)–
because of low crop prices and – F elected mayor of Richmond
A the lack of slave labor G bank president
B old systems of farming were no H Civil Rights leader
longer effective J married school teacher
C the high cost of tractors
D the damage done to the soil by
tobacco crops

11 Who led the Massive Resistance 17 The Piedmont Region has several
Movement in Virginia? industries that characterize the
A Harry F. Byrd, Sr. region, one of which is —
B L. Douglas Wilder A recreation
C Harry L. Lee B horse industry
D Jim Crow C shipbuilding
D automotive
12 What industry spurred the growth
of towns and cities in southwest 18 Who heads the executive branch of
Virginia? Virginia's state government?
F tobacco farming F Senate
G computer technology G Chief Justice
H tourism H Governor
J coal mining J President
13 Much of the twentieth century 19 What 20th century President of the

growth of the Coastal Plain Region United States wrote a plan for
was due to – world peace?
A the fishing industry A George W. Bush
B farming on the Eastern Shore B Woodrow Wilson
C dairy farming C Theodore Roosevelt
D computer technology D Ronald Reagan
14 What did the U.S. Supreme Court 20 Oliver W. Hill, Sr. was a lawyer and
rule in the 1954 case Brown v. Board civil rights leader who played an
of Education? important role in the court
F All schools should continue to decision—
separate black and white students. F Plessy v. Ferguson
G Each state had the right to G to segregate Virginia
segregate public schools. H Brown v. Board of Education
H “Separate but equal” public J of Massive Resistance
schools were unconstitutional.
J States could choose who was 21 What is the role of the executive
allowed to attend school. branch?
A write new laws
15 What major product is produced in B design roads and highways
the Coastal Plain Region? C enforce laws
A beef D to be advisors to the President
B apples
C cotton 22 Shipbuilding, tourism, and military
D seafood bases are industries found in the—
F Coastal Plain
16 How many branches of government G Piedmont
does Virginia have? H Appalachian Plateau
F 1 J Ridge and Valley
G 2
H 3
J 4

23 Why does the federal government 28 What is the main industry in the
have a significant impact on Valley and Ridge Region?
Virginia's economy? F farming
A Virginia is a part of Washington, G information technology
D.C. H state government
B Many federal workers live and work J tourism
in Virginia.
C The federal government buys 29 What is the power of the legislative
many products from Virginia. branch?
D Federal money is printed in A to elect a new governor
Virginia. B to make state laws
C to uphold the Constitution
24 What product do the Valley and D to decide cases in court
Ridge and Blue Ridge Mountains
Regions both produce? 30 Which governor of Virginia
F poultry appointed more African Americans
G tourism and women to positions in state
H apples government than previous
J tobacco governors?
F A. Linwood Holton
25 The General Assembly is part of the– G L. Douglas Wilder
A executive branch H Harry F. Byrd, Sr.
B legislative branch J Maggie L. Walker
C judicial branch
D federal government
26 The main industry and product of

the Appalachian Plateau is–
F gold
G lumber
H poultry
J coal
27 The judicial branch of government

is the state's—
A court system
B law making body
C voting regulations
D law enforcement

CHAPTER 9: TEST B
Name
DIRECTIONS: Complete the flow chart explaining each step towards integration. Questions 1-3.
1 In the case Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2 All public schools in America were ordered to:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3 In 1963 Virginia's public schools opened their doors to:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: These three people were the first African Americans to rise to the forefront of their
careers. Identify each person and explain his or her political, social, and/or economic contribution.
Questions 4-6.
4 Name: 5 Name: 6 Name:
Contribution: Contribution: Contribution:

7 What was Harry F. Byrd's “Pay As You Go” policy?
8 What are the two main reasons for the change in agriculture in twentieth century Virginia?
9 What has caused the growth of cities and towns in Northern Virginia?
10 Who are two famous Virginians that were important national and international leaders who
worked towards world peace?
11 What did Governor A. Linwood Holton do more of than any previous governor of Virginia?
12 What industry plays a major part in Virginia's overall economy?
13 What are two examples of agricultural and manufactured products exported from Virginia?
14 Why does the federal government have a significant impact on Virginia's economy?
DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart of Virginia's state government. Questions 15-17.
Branch:
Power:
Who works there?
Virginia’s Three Branch:

Branches of Power:
Government Who works there?
Branch:
Power:
Who works there?

DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart by listing at least one major product and one industry located
in each region. Questions 18-27

Name
1 In what region of Virginia is coal 5 What region of the United States
mining an important industry? wanted the new western territories
A Blue Ridge Mountains to be “free states?”
B Valley and Ridge A North
C Piedmont B South
D Appalachian Plateau C East
D West
2 As the Jamestown settlement grew,
the native peoples began to see the 6 Who is the leader of the executive
colonists as– branch of Virginia's state
F friends they could depend on for government?
help F Supreme Court Justice
G explorers that would eventually go G Governor
back to Europe H Senator
H invaders who would take over their J Representative
land
J people to trade with for profit 7 In which early Civil War battle did
“Stonewall” Jackson play an
Use the map to important role?
answer question 3. A Fredericksburg
B Richmond
C Yorktown
D Bull Run
8 English rights were extended to the

colonists through–
F the Declaration of Independence
3 According to the map, the four
G Parliament
major rivers in Virginia all flow into
H a treaty with England
the–
J charters granted by the King
A Blue Ridge Mountains
B Appalachian Mountains 9 By the 1640s, the citizen
C Chesapeake Bay representatives of the General
D Atlantic Ocean Assembly created a separate
legislative body called the–
4 The Cherokee were a part of what
A House of Burgesses
American Indian language group?
B Senate
F Iroquoian
C Representatives of Virginia
G Siouan
D Congress
H Algonquian
J Powhatan
10 Today, Virginia exports agricultural 16 Because few people had paper

and manufactured products, money and coins, what did colonists
including— often use as money?
F gold and silver F corn
G wheat and clothing G slaves
H poultry and large ships H tobacco
J rice and beans J furs
11 Who established the Pay As You Go 17 Who did the colonists believe issued
policy in Virginia? unfair taxes?
A L. Douglas Wilder A Parliament
B Harry F. Byrd, Sr. B King of France
C Arthur Ashe C Congress
D Maggie Walker D House of Burgesses
12 What contributions did American 18 Who wrote the Declaration of

Indians make during the American Independence?
Revolution? F Patrick Henry
F They fought with the French. G Thomas Jefferson
G They took on more responsibility to H George Mason
support the war effort. J James Madison
H All the tribes remained neutral.
19 What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled
J Many fought alongside both
that “separate but equal” public
Virginia patriots and the British.
schools were illegal?
13 What was the first land battle of the A Brown v. Board of Education
American Revolution fought in B John v. Morton High School
Virginia? C the “Southern Manifesto”
A Yorktown D Plessy v. Ferguson
B Boston
C Great Bridge Use the map to answer question 20.
D Norfolk
Ches
a
14 Piedmont is a French word that Jamestown
peak
Ja
means— m
es
e Ba
F land at the foot of mountains R ive

G the land of rolling hills r
y
H green valleys and tall peaks

J land at the top of mountains
15 What spurred the growth of towns

20 On the above map, Jamestown was
and cities in southwest Virginia?
located on a(n)—
A tobacco farming
F island
B computer technology
G inlet
C shipbuilding
H peninsula
D coal mining
J plateau
21 Some examples of how culture is 27 Portuguese sailors captured African

reflected in architecture are seen in— men and women from what present-
A barns, homes, and churches day country?
B cows, horses, and chickens A Angola
C forests, rivers, and mountains B South Africa
D arrowheads, pottery, and tools C Mali
D Morocco
22 Who is known as the “Father of the
Constitution?” Use the picture to answer question 28.
F George Washington
G John Adams
H James Madison
J George Mason
23 After the American Revolution,
many settlers moved west crossing 28 This picture is an example—
the Appalachian Mountains at— F “Jim Crow” Laws
A the Great Valley of Virginia G integration
B the Appalachian Plateau H Public Codes
C the Fall Line Divide J desegregation
D the Cumberland Gap
24 Who was Nat Turner? 29 George Washington provided
F enslaved African American who military leadership during the
fought for the Confederacy Revolutionary War by serving as—
G an abolitionist that led the raid at A commander-in-chief of the
Harper's Ferry, Virginia Continental Army
H enslaved African American who led B Virginia's militia leader
a slave revolt against plantation C President of the United States
owners in Virginia D general of the British Army
J the man who created the route for
the Underground Railroad 30 What was the key to the expansion
of business, agriculture, and
25 In the summer, most of Virginia's
industry after the Civil War?
Indians planted and grew—
F factories closed
A tobacco and cotton
G free slave labor
B beans, corn, and squash
H the railroad
C tomatoes, potatoes, and corn
J coal deposits
D soybeans, wheat, and squash
26 What government agency was
established during Reconstruction to
help newly freed slaves?
F Freedmen's Bureau
G Federal Bureau of Investigation
H General Assembly
J Welfare Assistance Program
Name
DIRECTIONS: For each pair of true statements write C on the blank next to the cause and
E on the blank next to the effect.
1 _____ The British Parliament believed it had legal authority to tax the colonists.
_____ “Taxation without representation” rallied people to join the American Revolution.
2 _____ Many Jamestown settlers died from starvation and disease.

_____ Wealthy English investors did not have the skills necessary to build a settlement.
3 _____ The western counties of Virginia became a separate and independent state.
_____ Virginia seceded and joined the Confederate States of America.
4 _____ In 1620 more women arrived in Jamestown.

_____ As families grew, Jamestown became a more permanent settlement.
5 _____ The Virginia colony became dependent on slave labor.

_____ Large numbers of Africans were brought to the colony against their will.
6 _____ Railroad tracks, bridges, and roads were rebuilt during Reconstruction.
_____ Virginia's cities grew with people, businesses, and factories.
DIRECTIONS: Use the timeline to answer the following questions.
1607 1776 1861 1865 1954
Settlement of Colonists declare South Carolina Lee surrenders Brown v.

Jamestown independence secedes from to Grant at Board of
from England the Union Appomattox Education
7 In what year did the American Revolution begin?
8 How many years was Virginia an English colony?
9 When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that “separate but equal”
public schools were unconstitutional?
10 What war ended in 1865?

11 What is an artifact?
12 What river flows through Richmond?
13 Explain A. Linwood Holton’s contributions towards the advancement of African Americans

and women in Virginia’s state government.
14 List three agricultural or manufactured goods exported by Virginia today.
15 During the twentieth century, why did people move from the country into cities?
16 Explain the connection between Lake Drummond and the Dismal Swamp.

DIRECTIONS: Match the famous person with his or her contribution to Virginia history by writing
the letter on the blank.
17 _____ Maggie L. Walker A served as a contact between the Virginia Indians

and the colonists
18 _____ Pocahontas B led the Confederate forces to victory at the First Battle
of Bull Run
19 _____ Robert E. Lee C the first African American woman to start a bank and
become a bank president in the United States
20 _____ James Madison D rode on horseback through the night to warn Thomas
Jefferson the British were coming
21 _____ Jack Jouett E as Governor of Virginia began the “Pay As You

Go” program
22 _____ “Stonewall” Jackson

F Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia
during the Civil War
23 _____ Harry F. Byrd, Sr.

G wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights for freedom of
religion and freedom of press
24 _____ George Mason
H known as the “Father of the Constitution”

TEST TAKING STRATEGY:
REPRODUCIBLE 150
PREPARING FOR THE TEST

Go to bed early.
Do not cram or over study. Use the 12-Minute Study.
Put a few #2 pencils and erasers in your backpack the night before.
Talk to your parents about any concerns you may have about the test.
Start your day as you always do.
Eat a good breakfast that includes protein, such as eggs or dairy.
Try to arrive at school on time.
Think POSITIVE THOUGHTS!

REPRODUCIBLE 151

AMERICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN
INDIANS INDIANS INDIANS INDIANS
REPRODUCIBLE 152
What did Virginia's What language was Why did Christopher

First Americans use primarily spoken in Give an example of
Columbus call the
for clothing? Southwestern
the Tidewaterand an American Indian
people he found in
Region?
Southern Virginia? artifact.
the lands he
discovered Indians?

INDIANS INDIANS INDIANS INDIANS
What is the name

On what did the that the
What Virginia
larger group
What did the Describe Virginia's In what region of Indians
are are
Virginia's
Virginia Indians’
Virginia's First Virginia was Siouan called
American
sometimesIndians
climate.
food supplies, primarily spoken?
Americans depend because
referred
thetoforest
as?
clothing, and
on for food, clothing was at the heart of
shelter depend?
and shelter? Indian life?
JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN
REPRODUCIBLE 153
What important Why did England Name one reason What

Whatdid
didthe
theKing of
first
event occurred in want to establish an why the settlers England
charter grant
of thea

Jamestown in 1620? American colony? chose Jamestown. Virginia Company
charter to the of
London establish?
Virginia Company of
London to establish?
JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN
What was the first What did the arrival What was wrong How did the
elected legislative of Africans make with the location of Powhatans view the
body of government possible? Jamestown? colonists?
in America?
in English America?
COLONIAL COLONIAL COLONIAL COLONIAL
VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
REPRODUCIBLE 154
What is the name What crop was the Where did the Where in Virginia

for a crop that is Virginia Colony’s Virginia Colony did the Germans
grown to sell for primary source of turn for a reliable and Scots-Irish
money rather than wealth? and inexpensive primarily settle?
for use by the source of labor to
grower? make tobacco
planting successful?
COLONIAL COLONIAL COLONIAL COLONIAL

VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRGINIA VIRGINIA
The capital of
The culture of the Contaminated Virginia moved in
Virginia Colony water, dirty living order to be more What was
reflected the conditions that led central in the state, commonly used in
beliefs, customs, to disease, and with a better the colony to
and architecture of several fires were location, and exchange goods
which groups of reasons for what farther from British and services instead
people? event? attack. To where of money?
did it move?
REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION
Virginians were
Who spoke out
divided about the
REPRODUCIBLE 155
Why did the What document against taxation

war. Some remained

colonists believe states that authority without
neutral and some
that Parliament did to govern belongs to representation by
were loyal to
not have the right the people? saying, “…give me
England, but what
to tax them? liberty or give me
did most consider
death?”
themselves?

REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION
Who provided
Who wrote the
Where did the military leadership What did the British
document
English army by serving as the promise enslaved
promise African
expressing the
surrender, bringing commander-in-chief American
African Americans
slaves if
reasons for colonial
of the Continental they fought for
an end to the independence from
Army? England?
Great Britain?
Revolutionary War ? England?
NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN
NATION NATION NATION NATION
The Virginia Statute

Which Virginian What document of Religious Freedom
REPRODUCIBLE 156
Which Virginian is
used his skills at stated Virginians states that all
referred to as the

compromise to help should have certain people should be
“Father of Our
during the rights, including free to worship as
Country?”
Constitutional freedom of religion they please. Who
Convention? and freedom of the wrote this
press? document?
NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN NEW AMERICAN

NATION NATION NATION NATION
Contaminated The Virginia

What did many water, dirty living Declaration of
What title did James
Virginians do after conditions
Where didcausing
settlers Rights became the
Madison earn during
the American diseases spread Who wrote
bases the
for which
cross
tothe
the Constitutional
Revolution when and several fires Virginia
UnitedDeclaration
States
Appalachian Convention?
Virginia's were reasons for document?
of Rights?
agricultural base Mountains as they
what event?
began to change? moved west?
CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR
What kind of The economy of the A slave himself, What country was
REPRODUCIBLE 157
economy existed in Southern states was which man led a created by the

the Northern mainly agricultural slave revolt against states that seceded
states? and relied heavily Virginia plantation from the United
on what? owners in 1831? States?
CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR
On what issue did Which battle was Who was Where did General
the eastern and the first major clash Commander of the Robert E. Lee
western counties of of the Civil War? Army of Northern surrender to
Virginia disagree, Virginia? General Ulysses S.
leading to the Grant in April
formation of West 1865?
Virginia?
RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION
The time period

following the Civil
What was What is the What was the key
REPRODUCIBLE 158
War, in which
discovered in economic practice to the expansion of

Congress passed
Tazewell County when a person business,
that quickly became agriculture, and laws to rebuild the
rents land to farm
the main industry industry after the country and bring
and pays the
of the area? Civil War? the Southern states
landowner with a
back into the Union
share of the crop?
is called –
RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION

During
Reconstruction,
Food, schools, and
African Americans
medical care for
began to have African American What crop once
freed slaves and
power in Virginia's and white children again became
others in Virginia
government, but attending separate important to
and the rest of the
after Reconstruction
South was provided schools is an Virginia following
these gains were
by which example of what the Civil War?
lost when what
government kind of practice?
laws were passed
agency?
by Southern states?
REPRODUCIBLE 159

VIRGINIA STUDIES PRACTICE SOL
Name
1 What large body of water borders the Eastern Shore to the east?
A Atlantic Ocean
B Pacific Ocean
C Chesapeake Bay
D James River
2 When Captain John Smith became the leader of the failing Jamestown Colony
he began a forced-work program of –
F tobacco farming
G ship building
H road building
J agriculture
3 What region of Virginia is a source for many rivers?

A Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
B Appalachian Plateau
C Piedmont
D Blue Ridge Mountains
4 What lawyer and civil rights leader played an important role in the Brown v.
Board of Education decision?
F Oliver W. Hill, Sr.
G Martin Luther King, Jr.
H Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.
J L. Douglas Wilder
1
5 Which number represents
2
the Rappahannock River
on this map?
A 1 4
3
B 2
C 3
D 4
6 Virginia's American Indians are referred to as –

F Mid-Atlantic Indians
G Southern Forest Indians
H Eastern Woodland Indians
J Virginia Tree Indians
REPRODUCIBLE 161 PRACTICE SOL TEST 2 OF 7
7 Slavery was not popular in the northern part of the United States because –
A it was mostly filled with factories and small businesses
B Northern farms were very small
C it was too cold to grow tobacco
D Northerners preferred to use indentured servants
8 England hoped that an American colony would –

F provide American Indian slaves
G quickly gain their independence
H provide it with a bigger army
J increase its wealth and power
9 The first elected legislative body in English America was the –

A General Assembly
B Parliament
C House of Representatives
D House of Burgesses
10 One reason the settlers chose the site at Jamestown to build their settlement
was –
F the native peoples were friendly
G the water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock
H they followed the king’s strict orders on where to build a settlement
J there was already a fort and settlement established
11 What battle brought an end to the American Revolution?

A Bull Run
B Fredericksburg
C Great Bridge
D Yorktown
12 Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, was captured by –

F Robert E. Lee
G Ulysses S. Grant
H Confederate soldiers
J “Stonewall” Jackson
13 What American Indian language was primarily spoken by the Monacan?

A Algonquian
B Iroquoian
C Siouan
D Powhatan
14 Virginia has had three capitals, Jamestown, Williamsburg and –

F Yorktown
G Manassas
H Richmond
J Alexandria
15 What is one reason many Jamestown settlers died of starvation and disease?
A The American Indians refused to help the settlers in any way.
B England refused to send any medical supplies to the settlers.
C The settlers did not have the skills necessary to provide for themselves.
D Many new diseases were introduced to the settlers by the American Indians.
4
1
3 5
16 According to the above map, in which region of Virginia did the Germans and
Scots-Irish primarily settle? –
F 1
G 2
H 3
J 4
17 What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the 1954 Brown v. Board of
Education?
A “Jim Crow” laws were constitutional.
B “Separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional.
C Boys and girls were not allowed to attend the same schools.
D All private schools had to integrate.
18 What area of the Coastal Plain was explored and surveyed by George
Washington?
F Eastern Shore
G Dismal Swamp
H Virginia Beach
J Assateague Island
19 What was the key to the expansion of business and the growth of cities after
Reconstruction?
A tobacco farming
B sharecropping
C railroads
D shipping industry
20 What were Patrick Henry's inspiring and famous words that rallied people
towards independence?
F “Separate we fall, together we stand!”
G “Join or die!”
H “…give me liberty or give me death!”
J “Sic semper tyrannis!”
21 The Civil War ended at –

A Yorktown
B Appomattox Court House
C Williamsburg
D Harper's Ferry
22 After the Revolution, why did so many Virginia farmers move west and to the
deep South?
F There were more factory jobs available.
G Slavery was still legal in the South.
H Tobacco farming ruined much of the soil.
J The weather was much cooler there.
23 What was the most profitable cash crop the colonists exported to England?
A lumber
B tobacco
C corn
D wheat
24 Who was the first elected African American governor in the United States?
F L. Douglas Wilder
G Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.
H Harry F. Byrd, Sr.
J A. Linwood Holton
25 John Brown led a raid on the United States Armory at –

A Manassas
B Yorktown
C Harper’s Ferry
D Cumberland Gap
26 The Valley and Ridge Region includes the—

F Great Valley of Virginia
G Eastern Shore
H Mountain Plateau
J capital of Virginia
27 The eastern and western counties of Virginia disagreed over –

A the location of the capital
B selling goods to Northern factories
C a non-Virginian as President
D the issue of slavery
28 Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson played an important role at what early Civil War
battle?
F First Bull Run
G Fredericksburg
H Hampton Roads
J Richmond
29 Which famous Virginian earned the title “Father of the Constitution?”

A James Madison
B George Mason
C Thomas Jefferson
D George Washington
30 What is sharecropping?
F Families grow crops together.
G Each person that worked the fields gets a share of the crop.
H Farmers split the money from the sale of cash crops.
J Farmers pay rent with a share of the crops.
Use the picture to answer

question 31.
31 The above picture is an example of –

A Constitutional law
B discrimination
C equality
D integration
32 What large Indian town was the headquarters for Powhatan in 1607?
F Chickahominy Falls
G Roanoke
H Massanutten
J Werowocomoco
33 Maggie L. Walker was the first African American woman to become a –

A doctor
B governor
C tennis champion
D bank president
34 Trading or exchanging goods and services without the use of money is called –
F saving
G debt
H barter
J swapping
35 The government of Virginia is divided into how many branches?

A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
36 Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

F Thomas Jefferson
G George Washington
H Arthur Ashe
J James Madison
37 What did the charters granted by the King of England give the Virginia
Company of London the right to do?
A They were allowed to take as much land as they wanted.
B All profits from the venture went to the shareholders of the company.
C They had the right to establish a settlement in North America
D The company could create their own separate country.
38 What is the main industry in the Valley and Ridge Region today?
F shipbuilding
G tourism
H technology
J farming
39 The period of time after the Civil War when the country was rebuilding
itself is called –
A Segregation
B Re-Unionizing
C Reconstruction
D Deconstruction
40 What important document was written by George Mason?

F Declaration of Independence
G Charters of the Virginia Company of London
H Virginia Declaration of Rights
J Constitution of the United States of America
CHAPTER 1: ASSESSMENT ANSWERS
167
CHAPTER 1 TEST A CHAPTER 1 TEST B

1 A 1 Appalachian Plateau
2 H 2 Piedmont
3 D 3 Coastal Plain
4 H 4 Blue Ridge Mountains
5 B
5 Valley and Ridge
6 J
6 Fall Line
7 A
7 Chesapeake Bay & Atlantic Ocean
8 F
8 land surrounded on three sides by water; Eastern Shore
9 A
10 H 9 ships could sail to Europe and other parts of the world
11 B to trade goods
12 J 10 North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Maryland,
13 D West Virginia
14 F 11 Chesapeake Bay
15 D 12 land at the foot of mountains
16 F 13 wanted to stay east of the Fall Line to be closer to
17 C waters with access to Europe and the Caribbean; also
18 G easier to load and unload goods on the calmer water
19 A there
20 J 14 Lake Drummond
15 Potomac
16 Rappahannock
17 York
18 James
168
CHAPTER 2 TEST A CHAPTER 2 TEST B forests, with a variety of trees,

1 C 1 C covers most of the land
2 F 2 B 11 Iroquoian
3 D 3 D 12 animal skins, bark, trees
4 G 4 A 13 mild with four distinct seasons
5 C 14 They live like other Americans.
5 the study of the material
6 J Their cultures have changed
items that past peoples have
7 A
left behind over time.
8 J
6 any object made of used by 15 a large Indian town used by
9 B
humans Indian leaders for several
10 H
7 arrowheads, fish hooks, hundred years before the
11 B
12 F pottery, etc. English settlers came
13 A 8 they give us information 16 Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
14 J about how people lived long 17 Jamestown
15 A ago 18 Iroquoian
16 H 9 thought he was in the Indies 19 Siouan
17 A 10 Eastern Woodland Indians; 20 Algonquian
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2 first English settlers came to

CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE TEST B Virginia
TEST A 1 Appalachian Plateau 16 southwestern and southern
1 A 2 Valley and Ridge Virginia
2 H 3 Blue Ridge Mountain 17 how people lived long ago
3 C 4 Piedmont and the variety of vegetation
4 G 5 Coastal Plain and wildlife that surrounded
5 A 6 D and influenced lifestyles
6 H 7 C 18 Appalachian Plateau
7 C 19 flat land, many peninsulas,
8 B
8 H
9 A beaches, contains the Eastern
9 A
10 fall Shore
10 G
11 winter 20 Chickahominy, Eastern
11 B
12 summer Chickahominy, Mattaponi,
12 F
13 C 13 spring Nansemond, Pamunkey,
14 J 14 Atlantic Ocean and Rappahannock, Upper
15 A Chesapeake Bay Mattaponi, Monacan
16 J 15 large Indian town that was the 21 easier to transport goods in
17 B headquarters of their leader, the calm waters east of the
Powhatan, in 1607 when the Fall Line
169
CHAPTER 3 TEST A CHAPTER 3 TEST B 12 a citizen representative

1 B 1 a document that grants 13 they came to see the settlers
2 F certain rights to a town, city, as invaders who would take
3 C land, school, or organization over their land
4 J 2 King (or Queen) of England 14 Captain John Smith
5 D 3 establish a settlement in 15 it was started to make money
6 G 16 importing and exporting
North America and extend
7 C goods to and from England
English rights to the settlers
8 F
4 G 17 certain free adult men
9 C
5 E 18 Virginia Company of London
10 F
6 A 19 Portuguese sailors
11 B
7 B 20 General Assembly
12 F
13 B 8 D
14 H 9 F
15 A 10 C
16 G 11 marshy land, unsafe drinking
17 C water, lacked skills to provide
for themselves
CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 9 many settlers died from

CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE TEST B starvation and disease
TEST A 1 hoped to find silver and gold 10 beans, corn, squash
1 B 2 find new raw materials 11 next to, near, bordering
2 H 3 water along the shore was 12 provided a safe harbor, was a
3 A deep enough for their ships source of food and
4 J to dock transportation
5 C 4 well-hidden from attack by 13 burgesses
6 F Spanish ships 14 he started the forced work
7 B program based on self-
5 connected to the mainland
8 F
by a skinny strip of land sustaining agriculture
9 B
making it easier to defend 15 rolling hills, west of the Fall
10 F
against Indian attacks Line
11 C
6 seemed to be a good supply 16 Valley and Ridge
12 F
13 D of fresh water 17 Establish settlements in
14 H 7 marshy and lacked safe North America, extended
15 A drinking water English rights to the settlers
16 H 8 settlers lacked some of the 18-21(see individual student maps)
17 B necessary skills to provide for
themselves
170
CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 4 TEST B 14 tobacco

TEST A 1 W 15 Germans and Scots-Irish
1 B 2 R 16 the interior regions of
2 H 3 R Virginia (inland)
3 A 4 W 17 enslaved African Americans
4 H 5 W were owned and forced to
5 D 6 R work against their will without
6 F 7 C any rights; free African
7 C 8 A Americans could own their
8 J 9 D own businesses and property
9 A 10 B 18 English – Richmond; American
10 G 11 E Indian – Roanoke
11 A 12 Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and 19 enslaved African Americans
12 H Piedmont Regions had the (slaves)
13 C most tobacco farms and 20 bartering
14 H plantations
15 A 13 barns, homes, places of
16 G worship
17 C
18 G CHAPTER 4 13 the kinds of food they ate, the
19 A CUMULATIVE TEST B clothing they wore, and the
1 Potomac River shelters they had depended
CHAPTER 4
2 Rappahannock River upon the seasons
CUMULATIVE 14 Germans, Scots-Irish
3 York River
TEST A 4 James River 15 natural border between the
1 A Coastal Plain and Piedmont
5 Chesapeake Bay
2 H Regions where waterfalls
6 Atlantic Ocean
3 A prevent further travel on the
7 Jamestown: could easily be
4 H river
defended from attack by sea,
5 A 16 House of Burgesses
water along the shore was deep
6 G 17 Piedmont
enough for ships to dock,
7 C 18 Powhatan
believed they had a good supply
8 F 19 a crop that is grown to sell for
of fresh water
9 D money rather than for use by
8 Williamsburg: had a better
10 G the growers
supply of fresh water, less
11 C 20 an object made by a human
swampy, more healthful living
12 F being
conditions
13 D 21 a piece of land surrounded on
9 Richmond: population was
14 H three sides by water
moving westward, more central
15 A 22 a citizen representative
location, increased the distance
16 G 23 somebody who is forced to work
of attack by the British
17 A for somebody else for no
10 example should include trading
one good or service for another payment and is regarded as the
11 1607 property of that person
12 to increase her wealth and
power
171
CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 5 TEST B freedom

TEST A 1 served as commander-in-chief of 8 ended the Revolution with an
1 D the Continental Army American victory
2 wrote the Declaration of 9 a government issuing taxes
2 F
Independence; provided political without representation for the
3 B
leadership taxpayers
4 G
3 inspired patriots from other 10 Battle of Great Bridge
5 C
colonies when he spoke out 11 patriot: served in the Continental
6 F Army and fought for
against taxation without
7 C representation independence from Great
8 H 4 enslaved African American who Britain; loyalist: believed in
9 A served as a spy for the staying loyal to Great Britain
10 J Continental Army and was given 12 local assemblies within the
11 B his freedom colonies
12 F 5 warned Thomas Jefferson that 13 took on more responsibility to
13 C the British were coming to arrest support the war effort
14 J him and the rest of the General 14 people
15 A Assembly 15 equal
6 Continental Army 16 rights
7 fought on both sides hoping it 17 liberty
would lead to a better chance for 18 happiness
CHAPTER 5
CUMULATIVE CHAPTER 5 18 As labor for the growing tobacco
CUMULATIVE TEST B plantations
TEST A 19 Appalachian Mountains
1 2
1 B
2 4 20 Siouan
2 H
3 1 21 Commander-in-chief of
3 D
4 3 Continental Army
4 F
5 5 22 they live like other Americans
5 B
6 area of land with a flat surface throughout Virginia
6 F
7 the movement of water, ice, or 23 Lake Drummond
7 A
wind 24 Fredericksburg
8 J
8 created by a human being
9 B
9 paying for it later
10 G
10 For American independence/in
11 C
the Continental Army
12 F
11 Warned Jefferson the British were
13 A
coming
14 H
12 Declaration of Independence
15 A
13 peace
16 H
14 Taxation without representation
17 D
15 Strong leadership and agriculture
18 J
16 Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic
19 D
Ocean
20 G
17 Burgesses
172
CHAPTER 6 TEST A CHAPTER 6 TEST B

1 B 1-12 George Washington: 2, 5, 11
2 J James Madison: 1, 7, 8
3 C George Mason: 4, 9, 12
4 G Thomas Jefferson: 3, 6, 10
13 freedom of religion and freedom
5 D
of press
6 F
14 people are free to worship as
7 A
they please
8 J
15 years of tobacco farming drained
9 D the soil of the nutrients it needed
10 H to grow successful crops so
11 C people had to move to find new
12 G land to farm
16 Cumberland Gap
CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 6 18 animal skins were used for

CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE TEST B clothing and shelters were
1 Siouan built using the natural
TEST A
2 Algonquian resources that surrounded
1 C
3 Iroquoian them
2 G
4 1,2 19 it was the most profitable
3 A
5 2,1 cash crop
4 G
6 2,1 20 money was scarce; colonial
5 A
7 1, 2 Virginia had no banks
6 J
8 2, 1 21 to gain independence from
7 A
9 2, 1 Great Britain
8 G
10 2, 1 22 basic human rights that
9 C
11 C cannot be taken away from a
10 H
12 E person
11 B
12 F 13 B
13 A 14 D
14 G 15 A
15 B 16 West Virginia, Kentucky,
16 J Tennessee, Maryland, North
17 D Carolina
18 F 17 Difficult to cross; waterfalls
19 B made transporting goods
20 H difficult
173
CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 7 TEST B 14 conflict grew between the

TEST A 1 H eastern counties of Virginia that
1 A 2 E relied on slavery and the western
2 G 3 C counties that did not favor
3 C 4 I slavery
4 F 5 B 15 most American Indians did not
5 A 6 J take sides during the Civil War
6 G 7 D 16 Confederate States of America
7 C 8 F 17 Abraham Lincoln
8 F 9 A 18 marks the end of the Civil War
9 C 10 G
10 G 11 they believed Lincoln would end
11 C slavery in the South
12 J 12 abolitionist
13 B 13 Northern states wanted to the
14 F new states created out of the
15 A western territory to be “free
16 G states,” while the Southern states
17 D wanted the new states to be
18 H “slave states”
19 B
20 J CHAPTER 7 24 House of Burgesses
CUMULATIVE TEST B 25 Thomas Jefferson
CHAPTER 7 1-8 26 Patrick Henry
CUMULATIVE 27 George Washington
TEST A 28 loyalist
1 C 3
29 Jack Jouett
5
2 F 4 30 Monitor and Merrimack
3 A 2
8 7 1 31 Nat Turner
6
4 F 32 Appomattox Court House
5 D 9 D 33 Ulysses S. Grant
6 J 10 E 34 Battle of Bull Run
7 D 35 North was industrially based;
11 A
8 G the South was agriculturally
12 C
9 B
13 G based which meant the need for
10 H
14 B cheap labor to work the large
11 D
15 F farms and plantations
12 H
13 C 16 Revolutionary War/American 36 more central location,
14 F Revolution population moving westward,
15 C 17 John Brown increased the distance of attack
16 J 18 Coastal Plain/Tidewater by the British
17 B 19 women 37 government taxing people who
18 F 20 Eastern Woodland Indians do not have any representation
19 B 21 Captain John Smith in that government
22 Pocahontas
23 Virginia Company of London
174
CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 8 TEST B schools, schools for African

TEST A 1 Poll Taxes: fees that had to paid Americans had poor resources
1 B in order for a person to vote, 5 “Jim Crow” laws
made it impossible for most 6 foundries
2 G
African Americans and American 7 Reconstruction
3 C
Indians to vote, run for office, or 8 segregation, discrimination
4 J
get elected 9 key to the expansion of business,
5 A
2 Voting Tests: ridiculous and agriculture, and industry;
6 H facilitated the growth of small
impossible tests that were given
7 D at voting booths to African towns to cities; faster, easier
8 J Americans and American Indians; transportation
9 A impossible to answer correctly 10 coal
10 F which gave voting officials the 11 provide food, schools, and
11 A right to deny votes to African medical care for freed African
12 H Americans and American Indians American slaves
13 A 3 African Americans were forced to 12 tobacco
14 H use separate public facilities like 13 Freedmen and poor white
15 C rest rooms and drinking farmers rented land from a
16 G fountains, this led to inferior landowner by promising to pay
public facilities for African with a share of the crop
Americans 14 some American Indian children
CHAPTER 8 were segregated into tribal
4 African American and white
CUMULATIVE children attended separate schools
TEST A
1 C CHAPTER 8 Continental Army ending
2 F CUMULATIVE TEST B America’s ties to Great Britain
3 A 1 C 13 helped to establish the forced
4 F 2 D work program that focused on
5 C 3 A self-sustaining agriculture
6 G 4 F 14 western counties disagreed with
7 D 5 B eastern counties over the issue of
8 J 6 E slavery; broke away as a separate
9 A 7 Eastern Woodland Indians state when Virginia seceded from
10 H 8 Virginia Statute for Religious the Union
11 D Freedom 15-23
12 H 9 to increase her wealth and
13 D power
14 G 10 in the past they farmed, hunted,
15 C and fished, and used natural
16 F resources for homes and
17 C clothing; today they live like Potomac R. Alexandria
18 J other Americans 24- Rappahannock R.
32 Fredericksburg
19 A 11 provide food, schools, and
York R.
20 G medical care for freed African
James R.
Americans
Richmond Jamestown
12 surrender of the British to the Yorktown
175
CHAPTER 9 TEST A CHAPTER 9 TEST B 9 growing federal jobs

1 segregation was 10 Woodrow Wilson and George
1 C 16 H C. Marshall
unconstitutional
2 F 17 B 11 appointed more African
2 integrate
3 C 18 H Americans and women to
3 African American students
4 J 19 B state government positions
4 Maggie L. Walker, first African
5 B 20 H than any previous governor
American woman to establish
6 G 21 C 12 tourism
and become a bank president
7 B 22 F 13 tobacco, coal, poultry, large
in the United States
8 G 23 B ships
5 Arthur Ashe, first African
9 A 24 H 14 many federal employees live
American to win a major
10 G 25 B and/or work in Virginia
men’s tennis singles
11 A 26 J 15 executive, enforce laws,
championship, also an author
12 J 27 A governor
and speaker for social change
13 D 28 F 16 legislative, make laws, General
6 Douglas Wilder, first elected
14 H 29 B Assembly (House of Delegates
African American governor in
15 D 30 F & Senate)
the United States
7 road improvements and other 17 judicial, interprets the laws,
CHAPTER 9 modernization of state court officials
CUMULATIVE government was paid in full as 18-27 See VS.10b or student text
TEST A it was completed; no debt for pages 154-155
1 D 16 H improving the state
2 H 17 A 8 old ways of farming were no
3 C 18 G longer effective, crop prices
4 F 19 A were low
5 A 20 H
6 G 21 A
7 D 22 H CHAPTER 9 14 tobacco, poultry, seafood,
8 J 23 D CUMULATIVE TEST B apples, peanuts, dairy, beef,
9 A 24 H 1 C, E ships, software
10 H 25 B 15 economic opportunities
2 E, C
11 B 26 F
3 E, C 16 Lake Drummond is
12 J 27 A
13 C 28 F 4 C, E surrounded by the Dismal
14 F 29 A 5 C, E Swamp
15 D 30 H 6 C, E 17 C
7 1776 18 A
8 169 years 19 F
9 1954 20 H
10 Civil War 21 D
11 historical object made or used 22 B
by humans 23 E
12 James River 24 G
13 appointed more African
Americans and women to
state government positions
than any previous governor
PRACTICE SOL: ASSESSMENT ANSWERS
176
VIRGINIA STUDIES PRACTICE SOL 21 B

1 A 22 H
2 J 23 B
3 D 24 F
4 F 25 C
5 B 26 F
6 H 27 D
7 A 28 F
8 J 29 A
9 D 30 J
10 G 31 B
11 D 32 J
12 G 33 D
13 C 34 H
14 H 35 B
15 C 36 F
16 G 37 C
17 B 38 J
18 G 39 C
19 C 40 H
20 H
177
Name
1. A B C D 16. F G H J 31. A B C D
2. F G H J 17. A B C D 32. F G H J
3. A B C D 18. F G H J 33. A B C D
4. F G H J 19. A B C D 34. F G H J
5. A B C D 20. F G H J 35. A B C D
6. F G H J 21. A B C D 36. F G H J
7. A B C D 22. F G H J 37. A B C D
8. F G H J 23. A B C D 38. F G H J
9. A B C D 24. F G H J 39. A B C D
10. F G H J 25. A B C D 40. F G H J
11. A B C D 26. F G H J
12. F G H J 27. A B C D
13. A B C D 28. F G H J
14. F G H J 29. A B C D
15. A B C D 30. F G H J
Chapter One Chapter Six
Virginia’s Geography Building a New Nation
Explore our regions, rivers, waterways, From the “Father of our Country” to
and natural wonders. the “Father of the Constitution,” meet
the Virginians who led the new United
Chapter Two States and helped it grow.
Virginia’s First People
Chapter Seven
Probe ancient ways, life before and after
European contact, new discoveries, and The Civil War
modern-day Virginia Indians. As the nation breaks apart, Virginia is Introduction to
at the heart of the struggle that History and
Chapter Three threatens to destroy the Union. Social Science
Strangers on the Shore Chapter Eight
Learn about the arrival of the first English
settlers and struggles to build Jamestown. Rebuilding Virginia
Reconstruction after the war ends leads
OUR
Chapter Four to the rise of the “Jim Crow” South and VIRGINIA
A Growing Virginia volatile times. Past & Present
The economy prospers, and the start of
Chapter Nine
the plantation system leads to the
beginnings of slavery in America. Changing Times
The 1900s to the present day have
Chapter Five brought sweeping changes to the way
The American Revolution we travel, work, and live, bringing
Understand the roots of revolution, great growth to Virginia.
Virginia’s heroic patriots, and our
important role in the fight for liberty. Documents and Maps
V I R G I N I A U.S. and Virginia’s greatest
writings plus detailed maps
of our nation, and world.
s
Every
SOL from
the current
Virginia
Framework

Virginia Studies Reproducible S

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Virginia Studies Reproducible S

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

th

by Bree Linton and Lisa Arnold

CHAPTER 1: Virginia! CHAPTER 4: A Growing Virginia

What Is My Child Learning This Year? How Can I Supplement

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

What Are We Studying Now?

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Essential Knowledge for Chapter One (VS.2 a-c)

• Relative location may be described using

terms that show connections between two

places such as “next to,” “near,” “bordering”

• Bordering bodies of water: Atlantic Ocean,

Chesapeake Bay • Peninsula: a piece of land bordered by water

• Bordering states: Maryland, West Virginia, on three sides

was a source of food and transportation

• James River: flows into the Chesapeake Bay.

Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont James River

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

The Fall Line affected settlement by

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

_______________________ Who explored and emember

Valley and Ridge pink

Two words that come to mind when talking about the

_____________________________________________________ _____________________ and ________________________

_____________________________________________________ The main industry of the area is ________________________

One word that comes to mind when thinking of the Blue

Other key words that will help me remember how this

Other key words that will help me remember how this

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

region is different from the others

Let's examine the maps on page 12 and 13 to compare the topography of

Exceptions to Areas closest

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Virginia’s Highways and Major Cities

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Major City ARLINGTON WASHINGTON. D.C.

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

KEY West East West East West East West East

What are some examples in Virginia?

What are some examples in Virginia?

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Test Taking Strategies 1: Reading the Question and Answer Choices

1 The Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and

2 Which region of Virginia has old,

3 What part of Virginia is a peninsula

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

3 What natural border of waterfalls 7 The Chesapeake Bay was a major

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Use the map to answer question 8.

Jamestown 12 An area of elevated land that is

14 The Blue Ridge Mountains are a

15 The city of Alexandria is located

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

16 Which region has only a small part of it

17 “Piedmont” is a French word

18 The four major rivers of Virginia

19 Lake Drummond and the Dismal

20 What famous Virginian explored

©2010, Five Ponds Press. All Rights Reserved

Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Piedmont Valley and Ridge

___________________________________________ _ and ______________

_____________________________ The main industry of the area is