Bhattahér—Bhatti. 101 they are looked npon as Ligis, but aro virtually only employed as niessenyers at weldings, being piid a trills by tho rosipiont for the messago (neondar). In the Hill States, however, ton or twenty Bhits sometimes collect and recite kabils, vocviving a sum of money, called rinj, which is divided proportionately among them, the Bhay of the rij who gives it getting tho lion’s share. In former times, it is said, thay wore compelled ta work, bnt this is not now the ease Rlsawhara the Bhat is now, speaking generally, a cultivator or a servant to a Mabdjan, The Rhéts act as parohits to the Khatris, while their own parohits and pédhas are Sérsut Brahmans. Buarradin,-wies, fem-hérf, Bhattidr,dré, a person who takes food to labourers in the field. Baspy. Tho nama Bhatti would appear to be unquestionably connected with Bhét, Bhatt, Bhéti and Bhatia, Bhatt bearing the sumo relation to Bhét as Jatt to Jat, kamm in Punjabi to kim, etc. Asatribe the Bhattis are of somo antiquity, numerous and wide-spread. ‘hey give their name to the Bhattiina* and to the Bhattiorat tracts, as well as to various places, such as Bhatinda, Shatner, indi Bhathén and possibly the Bhatfiat in Chamba, Historically the Bhattis first appear to be mentioned in the Tirikh-i-Féroz-skihi of Shams-i-Siraj Afif, and tho following notes aro called from the translation of that work in Elliott's Hist. of India :— In the reign of Alé-nd-Div, Tughlik of Khurdsin obtained the district of Diplpnr, of which Ahohar was a dependency. ‘To Abohar wore attached all the jungles belonging to the Mint (Mina ?) and Bhatti tribes. Taghlik, ansions to ally his family with the uative chiefs, heard that the daughters of Rina Mall Bhatti wero beantiful and accomplished, so he sent the amaldér of Abohar to negotiate the alliance of one of them with his brother, Sipahsdldr Rajab. In his ride the Rina rejected these overtures, and so Tughlile proceeded to levy the oiltstandiag revenie from the talwandis of the Bhatia) with great severity. The Réna’s danghter, Bibi Néfla, hearing of this, urged her own surrender. ‘ Consider,’ sho said, ‘ that the Mughals have carried off one of your danghters.’ She was accordingly married to Rajab, Meruiied ie nanid oF Bibi Kcadband andy became the) iabtton (of Tiroa Shah II in 1309 A, D.t In 1394 Sérang Khan was sont to Diptlpur to suppress tho rebellion of Shaikha Khokhar. There he raised troops and, taking with him Rai Khul Chain Bhatti and Rai Dééd Kamél Main (? Mina), ho crossed the Sutlej near Tirhtrah (Tihéra, in Ludhidna).§ To 1889 we read of Rai Kamdl-nd-din Main (? Mina) and Rai Kbul Chand Bhatti whose fiefs lay rear Siména, being sent with Prince Huméysin to raise troops at that fortress. (| * Seo the art. Bhattiéna in the Imperial Gazetteer, {lp the Chiniot uplands north ofthe Chena,102 Bhatti clans. ‘Vimar found Bhatner under the rule of Rao Dél Chain,* a Réjput, and probably a Bhatti. Curiously enough he is represented a8 having a brother named Kamél-nd-din, and in ono history Khul Chain is sai to havo been the Rai of Blatner.t Again in 1527 we read of Mirza Kémrén’s coming from Lahore, with many horses and much weelth taken from the Bhattis and Khokhars.t The legonds of the Bhaitis ae, however, silent on these events and ascribe the origin of the tribe to Achal through Barsi, who extended his dominions from the south to Bhajner, which they held until expelled from it by the Réjéof Bikiner early in the 19th century. ‘Then thoy spread over Bhatfidna, which comprised the modern tahsil of Sirsa and the northern part of Ratehbid. ‘The tribe is now found princi- pally along the Ghaggar valley as far as Bhatner, Various other traditions are, however, current in different. localities and of these the most prebable is that which connects the Bhattis with Jaisalmir, ‘The story current in Hissér is that they were in very early times driven across the Indus, but returned and some 700 years ago disposeessed the Langih, Joiya and other tribes of the country to the south of the lower Gutlej, aud founded Jaisalmir, which State they still hold. Bhatti, the loader under whom they recrossed the Indus, had two sons Dasaland Jaisal. ‘The former settled in Bhattiéna and from him are descended the Sidhi-Barér Jats, the Wattu being also descendants of his grandson, Réjpat. With this tradition may be compared the following detailed account. of the Bhattis of Bahéwal- pur, in which State they have 15 principal clans :— i. The Bhattis, or pure Bhattis, who are generally landowners or cultivators, though some are weavers and blacksmiths. ii, Pahor, fonnd throughout the Lamma. Chis, iv, Jogi and vy. Jandéni, These five septs are closely connected, do not give daughters ont- side the group, and usually intermarry. vi. Shaikhra. vii, Chakar-Hulle: a small sept, of recent origin called Chakar- uillah or servants of God, viii, Lalld, ix, Bhébhe: a small sept. Katesar : also a smail sept, which rears sheep. Kulyér or Kawalyfir which has an interesting history :— Kulyér was a son of Réné Réj Wadhan, who had four other sons, (1) Uttors, (2) Neo, (8) Kénjin, (4) Hate, ‘The tradition ie thet the © Tho Zafarnéma has Chan, probably for Chand : or Chain may be due to some confusion Sobwron Sin and hand, “intr explains tht Igo means “brave! (B.H. LW, pp. 225 TEHLIV,p. 34. PEWLY,p.a7.Bhatti clam. 108 ancestors of R4j Wadhan lived in anciont times near Ghajui, whence they migrated to Delhi, which after a time they left for Bhatner. In the 7th contory of the Hijra Raj Wadhan together with his tribe left Bhatner and settled noar Chhanb Kulyér (now in tho Lodhrén tahsil of Multén), which in those days Jay on the southern bank of the Sutlej and formed part of the dominions of Rai Bhutté, the ruler of a. city, the greater part of which was dastroyed hy tha Snflaj flowing over it ; but parts of its ruins aro étill to be seen on tho right bank of the Ghara (in talsil Lodhrén), Réné Raj Wadhan had 2 beautiful daughter whom Rai Bhutté desired to marry. ‘The request was refused dy Kulyér, the eldest son of Raj Wadhan; and the result was that a sangninary battle took placo in which Rai Bhutié was slain. The tract of the country thus conquered by the Kulydrs became known as Chhanb Kulyar, which name it still retains. At this time Sher Shah Sayyid Jalal was living in Uck, where Rand Réj Wadhan and his sons wont to see him and embraced Islim, Réj Wadban remained ‘nt Uch, Utter’ ocoupied the ‘ Vith? (Bids), Nim began to live on the Révi, (and that. tribe is now dominant in Shujébdd tabsil), Kanjin at the Donéri Mari (2), and Kulyér made Chhanb Kulyér his residence, Hatér was deprived of his share of the inheritance.t xii, Daragh. xiii, Sangré: with a famons sept called Wagi. In the 8th centnry Hijra the Sangrés migrated from Réjputdna and settled in Kathéla, then a large town on the Gorang or Hariari, the ruins of which are still to be seen near ‘Tibba ‘Ténwin-wéla, Kathéla was at that time held by the doiyas, xiv, Mahtam: the Muhammadan Mahtams claim to be Bhattis and say a mirdsi once ironically called their ancestor ‘Mahtam,’ or chief. ‘They appear to be distinct from the Hindu Mahtams. xv. Bhet: whoclaim to have been Bhaftis who accompanied Shaikh Hakim from Delhi, but are said by others to be Dhedhs or Menghwals, whom that saint converted, xvi, Markand, Bokha, Jhakhkhar, Dhandla, Phanbi, Birér, Dado, ‘Kapshi ‘(cotion-workers and reed-cutters), and Kahin, are nino clans descended from the same ancestor and they intermarry. Some arelandowners, others tenants, but some are boatmen, and though Bhattis by origin they are regarded as of low status, On the south-east border of the Punjab tho subject population of Bikdner is largely composed of Bhattis, and tradition almost always * The tradition is that in those days the Bids flowed separately to the north of Kabror towards Shujsbsd, ‘f Tho Mittra Bhatti of Multén say they ccme from Bikéner, The Hlissir tradition is very different ard says that the Lhattis are of the Jétu family, and that like the ‘Tanwar Réjpola they trace theit origin to role antiquity. At rome 3 period, two persons named Hhalti and Suiija are said t) have come to this country from Mathra,’ The latter had no male issue, and his descendants (called Joiya Rajputs) live in Sirsa, After somo generations cne of the Semily of the former, nomed Kusslu, became Rijé—he had two sens, Dusul aud Jaisul. he latter became téja of Jaisalmir, swthere his descendants still reign, ‘he former remained in Bhattiina—he had enly cne ecm Damed Janrs, Who bad several Wives (all of otter castes) by ‘hom be had 21 sons, whose104 Bhaf{i traditions. carries us back to the ancient city of Bhatner, which lies on the banks of tho long since dry Ghaggar, in the territory of that State bordering. on Sirsa. But in that tract, which corresponds to the old Bhattiina, the Bhatti is no longer a dominant tribe and the term is loosely applied to any Mahammadan Jét or Réjput from the direction of the Sutlej, as a generic term almost synonymous with Réth or Pachhéda, In the central Punjab, kowover, and towarde tho north of it, the Bhattis, though scattered, hold strong positions, In Amritsar tradition avers that they have a ‘long pedigreo” beginning with Adam, 10th in descent from whom was Krishna, son of Jad, the son of Jadam, And the present State of Kapiirthala was held by a Rajé who sought tho aid of Lakhanpél and Harpil, sons of the Rénd, Pérab Chand, of Bhatner against his focs. Accompenied by Panpél, a third son of the Rand hy a Jét wife, they overran the neighbouring country: but the Réjé refused to give them the share he had agrood lo bestow upon them, so they put to death and partitioned his kingdom, Lakhanpdl taking the Béri Doib, Harpél that of the Bist Jélandbar and Panpal the modern Ferozepur District. Rai Viru, Lakhanpal’s great-grandson, founded Vairowal in Amritsar some 540 years ago and bis grand- danghter, a sister of Rai Mitha, was married to Rai [hrahim of Kaparthalé, himself a Bhat and descended from Harpil. But after a futile attempt to subdue Rai Mitha, Ibrahim forbade intermarriage between the two branches, Kapiirthals tradition is, however, quite silent as to Lakhanpél or Harpal, and, according to legends current in that State, Rai Nénak Chand is said to have left Bhatner and settled in Bhuldua, in that State. Three brothers Bhatti, Manj aud Chauliin founded the Rajput tribes so named, which settled in the Puajab only 14 generations ago. Nevertheless reciprocal marriage is confined to the Bhatti, Manj Naré and Khokhar* tribes, which avoid marriage with the Chauhén, Awén, Nipil, Bajoha, Janjua, Punwar, Varys, ‘The Khokhars and Nariis are regarded as foreign by race to the other Réjputs, who all trace back their descont to Réjé Salivahan who has a shrine at Sidlkot. He is said to have been defeated by Imém Nasir. In Gujrét the Bhattis trace their first settlements back to Dulla Bhatti, Réjé of Pindi Bhatjién who was put to death by Akbar. All hisfamily was in Akbar’s camp on the Jhelum, where they wore kept in durance until released at the intercession of a fagir whose shrine is still pointed ont at Chhapar on the bank of that river, Dulla’s son, Kamél Khén was allowed to settle on the waste lands near Ghamén, still a Bhatti village, while the rest returned to Pindi Bhattiin.t descendants established different tribes, such as the Lakhiedt, Sidhé and Barar Jats, Tamré founded. the town of Abohur, naming it after ‘his wife Abho—by this wife he had three sons Rijpdl, Chun and Divi -—the Walt Réjputs are descendants of the first—the Mai ajputs of the sccond—and the Nawdb of ania and hit fomily, of the third, Toaormwch a3 the Bhattis were more numerous than the rest, the eountry ‘was called whattiéna, ‘The habits, manners and customs of Bhatti Rajputs ‘are similar fo those of the Tunwer 4jputs. Hissar Settlement Kepor, p. 8, §§ 25, 26, * The Khokhars (alone) give daughters to Sayyids.. + The tribal mirdsi gives the following pedigree of the tribe, which claims Mahérdja RanjitL aoe . v 4 Y ee 2 —_ oe Se pe: am ae a Gio UAA Bhatti pedigree, 105 ‘The Bhatti of the Gujrénwéla Bér, where they aro tho “ natural enemies of the Virk,” are descended from ono Dhir, who eighteen generations ago left Bhatnor, and settled in the Nar Mahol jungles. as agrazier und frecbooter. His grandson went further on to the banks of the Révi, and lis son again moved up into the uplands of Gujrén- wla, The modern descendants of theso mon xe described as “a muscular and noble-looking rico of men, agriculturists moro by. constraint than by natural inclivation, who keep numerous herds of cattle which grazo over the pasture lands of the Bér, only plough just sufficient to grow food for their own nocossities, and are famous ‘as catilelifters aud notorious thieves.” The Bhatti of Gujrénwéla enjoyed considerable political importance in former times, and they still hold 86 villages in that District, In Siflkot the Bhatti claim doscent from Bhoni seventh in descent from their eponymous ancestor Bhatti, who camo to Gujréuwdéls from Bikduer, ave Uieuey wv Gialkuy. None of theso Bhatti of the Bér will give their daughters to tho Singh as one of its acions :— PADAM RAT, Wicker. ae i Mohérdja tant Singh was | descended from thie branch, a (aps la ee Shadi, --Nompal, Jnrat, Gaundhar, Ratanpél, Sabnpét, SS eee oe ec eater ane Gaeta, Geidewtin | Tab - tT Av. Ambar, Dhaiesi, + es 1 Pindi Bhat By Ghawnsj. Gujcéurala, Rai Pathora, Gujrénwla, ¢ Bahlol nfl Khé, Gujett,108 Bhatti Chane—Bhittanns. neighbouring Jat tribes, though they will take wives from among them i * Tn the Sull-runge the Bhatti seem to hold a very ion as Bhatti, though it may be that some of the innumerable Rajput tribes of that track may consider themselves Bhatti, as well as whatever their local name may be. ‘The Bhatti of Thang hold the considerable Bhattiora tract north of the Chendb, They came first from Bhatner to the right bauk of the Jhelum near the Shéhpur border, and thenea to Bhatylora, ‘They are described as “a fino raco of men, indastrious agricuiturista, hardly at all in debt, good horse-breeders, and very fond of sport, ‘They do vory little cattle-lifting, but are much addicted to carrying off each other's wives.” ‘The persistence of tho traditions which connect the Bhattis with Bikéner, Jaisalmer and the old fortress of Bhatner cannot be disree garded. But fora fuller discussion of their origins see Riser, Bhatt{ is nlso (1) a Baloch clin (agricultural) found in Montgomery, as well as (2).2 Muhammadin Kamboh clan (agricultural), and (3) Muhammadan Jat clan (agricultaral) in that District, Buaryi Coane, Buatti Navi, Barrys Taras, theee Réjpnt clans (agricultural) found in Montgomery, Gf, Bhéti Wad, Baawini, an agricultural clan found in Shéhpur, a ; °. Gee Bara, an agricultural clan found in Shahpur. va “ee Buven-pmini, naexur, a fagir, a sédhit: from bhekh, dress, disguise, and so “a sect of Hindu fugirs’. Brat, a Mubammadan Jat clan (agricultural) found in Montgomery. Barcnief, fem, -ay, a beggar. Batexnax, bhichchak q.v. Bary, an agricultural clan foond in Shéhpur. Bmixpat, a tribe of Idts claiming Solar Réjpnt origin, through its eponym, whose descendant Badar embraced Islm, It holds five villages in Sislkot. Bumaa, a tribe of Jéts of the Loner branch of the Lunar Réjputs, through its eponym, who settled in the Panjab under Rai Taner, Found in Sialkot. Bursri, fem, -ax, (Uhistd, facetiously), lit, adweller in Paradise, fr. Pers, bikishé ja Muliammadan water-carrier. Barrranwt ocoupies a tract of bill country some 40 miles long by 12 to 16 wide, etching along our border from the Marwat tabsil of Bannu to the ‘imal valley. Along the northern part of this ling, it owns little or As among the Mohammadan Chibb, Manbix and other tribea. n Jatf who esponses a ‘BhatGi becomes a Ghntting hy tribe according to the proverb Chnutes Raja, te hes Nant; “Touched by a Réjé (a woman) becomes a Rani," Tn Ladhiéna the Shnikhs,a Bhatti olan, derive their num from Suaikh 0} ant of Rijé Kansban who accepted Isldm and was granted the St Nohammadan emperors, For sume other Bhatti clan mimes cha, 0 descend- of Hathur hy the the Appendix.