CHEERS checklist—Items to include when reporting economic evaluations of health

interventions

Item Reported on page No/

Section/item No Recommendation line No
Title and abstract
Title 1 Identify the study as an economic evaluation or use page 763, line 1 to 2
more specific terms such as “cost-effectiveness
analysis”, and describe the interventions compared.
Abstract 2 Provide a structured summary of objectives, page 2, line 1 to 23
perspective, setting, methods (including study design
and inputs), results (including base case and
uncertainty analyses), and conclusions.
Introduction
Background and 3 Provide an explicit statement of the broader context page 3, line 20 to
objectives for the study. page 4, line 12
Present the study question and its relevance for page 4, line 12 to 18
health policy or practice decisions.
Methods
Target population and 4 Describe characteristics of the base case population page 4, line 22 to 23;
subgroups and subgroups analysed, including why they were page 3, line 14 to 19;
chosen. page 5, line 5 to 9;
page 5, line 17 to 22
Setting and location 5 State relevant aspects of the system(s) in which the page 6, line 2 to 8
decision(s) need(s) to be made.
Study perspective 6 Describe the perspective of the study and relate this page 4, line 15 to 18;
to the costs being evaluated. page 9, line 11 to 13;
page 33, table 3
Comparators 7 Describe the interventions or strategies being page 6, line 9 to 16;
compared and state why they were chosen. page 18, line 13 to
page 19, line 9
Time horizon 8 State the time horizon(s) over which costs and page 4, line 21 to 22;
consequences are being evaluated and say why page 8, line 3 to
appropriate. page 9, line 10;
page 21, line 2 to 4
Discount rate 9 Report the choice of discount rate(s) used for costs page 9, line 17 to 18
and outcomes and say why appropriate.
Choice of health 10 Jelaskan apa hasil yang digunakan sebagai ukuran (s) page 766 - 777,
outcomes manfaat dalam evaluasi dan relevansi mereka untuk
jenis analisis yang dilakukan.
Measurement of 11a Estimasi berdasarkan studi tunggal: Jelaskan
effectiveness sepenuhnya fitur desain dari studi efektivitas tunggal
dan mengapa penelitian tunggal merupakan sumber
yang cukup dari data efektivitas klinis.
11b Estimasi berbasis sintesis: Jelaskan sepenuhnya
metode yang digunakan untuk identifikasi studi
termasuk dan sintesis data efektivitas klinis.
Measurement and 12 If applicable, describe the population and methods Page 766
valuation of preference used to elicit preferences for outcomes.
based outcomes
Jika berlaku, jelaskan populasi dan metode yang
digunakan untuk memperoleh preferensi untuk hasil.

Estimating resources and 13a Single study-based economic evaluation:Describe

costs approaches used to estimate resource use associated Page 767
with the alternative interventions. Describe primary
 Item Reported on page No/
Section/item No Recommendation line No
or secondary research methods for valuing each
resource item in terms of its unit cost. Describe any
adjustments made to approximate to opportunity
costs.
Evaluasi ekonomi berbasis studi tunggal: Jelaskan
pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan
penggunaan sumber daya yang terkait dengan
intervensi alternatif. Jelaskan metode penelitian
primer atau sekunder untuk menilai setiap item
sumber daya dalam hal biaya unitnya. Jelaskan setiap
penyesuaian yang dibuat untuk perkiraan biaya
peluang.
13b Model-based economic evaluation: Describe page
approaches and data sources used to estimate
resource use associated with model health states.
Describe primary or secondary research methods for
valuing each resource item in terms of its unit cost.
Describe any adjustments made to approximate to
opportunity costs.
Evaluasi ekonomi berbasis model: Jelaskan
pendekatan dan sumber data yang digunakan untuk
memperkirakan penggunaan sumber daya yang
terkait dengan model status kesehatan. Jelaskan
metode penelitian primer atau sekunder untuk
menilai setiap item sumber daya dalam hal biaya
unitnya. Jelaskan setiap penyesuaian yang dibuat
untuk perkiraan biaya peluang.
Currency, price date, and 14 Report the dates of the estimated resource quantities page 33, table 3;
conversion and unit costs. Describe methods for adjusting page 9, line 16 to 17
estimated unit costs to the year of reported costs if
necessary. Describe methods for converting costs into
a common currency base and the exchange rate.

Laporkan tanggal perkiraan jumlah sumber daya dan

biaya unit. Jelaskan metode untuk menyesuaikan
perkiraan biaya unit dengan tahun biaya yang
dilaporkan jika diperlukan. Jelaskan metode untuk
mengubah biaya menjadi basis mata uang umum dan
nilai tukar.
Choice of model 15 Describe and give reasons for the specific type of
decision-analytical model used. Providing a figure to
show model structure is strongly recommended.

Jelaskan dan berikan alasan untuk tipe tertentu dari

model analitik keputusan yang digunakan.
Memberikan gambaran untuk menunjukkan struktur
model sangat disarankan.
Assumptions 16 Describe all structural or other assumptions page 768,
underpinning the decision-analytical model.
Jelaskan semua asumsi struktural atau lainnya yang
mendukung model analisis keputusan.
Analytical methods 17 Describe all analytical methods supporting the page 11, line 14 to
evaluation. This could include methods for dealing page 12, line 10;
with skewed, missing, or censored data; extrapolation page 35, table 7
methods; methods for pooling data; approaches to
 Item Reported on page No/
Section/item No Recommendation line No
validate or make adjustments (such as half cycle
corrections) to a model; and methods for handling
population heterogeneity and uncertainty.

Jelaskan semua metode analitis yang mendukung

evaluasi. Ini dapat mencakup metode-metode untuk
menangani data yang miring, hilang, atau disensor;
metode ekstrapolasi; metode untuk mengumpulkan
data; pendekatan untuk memvalidasi atau membuat
penyesuaian (seperti koreksi setengah siklus) ke
model; dan metode untuk menangani heterogenitas
populasi dan ketidakpastian.
Results
Study parameters 18 Report the values, ranges, references, and, if used, page 769,
probability distributions for all parameters. Report
reasons or sources for distributions used to represent
uncertainty where appropriate. Providing a table to
show the input values is strongly recommended.

nilai, rentang, referensi, dan, distribusi probabilitas

untuk semua parameter. Laporkan alasan atau
sumber untuk distribusi yang digunakan untuk
mewakili ketidakpastian jika diperlukan. Menyediakan
tabel untuk menunjukkan nilai input sangat
disarankan.
Incremental costs and 19 For each intervention, report mean values for the page 12, line 17 to
outcomes main categories of estimated costs and outcomes of page 13, line 24;
interest, as well as mean differences between the page 36, table 9;
comparator groups. If applicable, report incremental figure 4
cost-effectiveness ratios.
Untuk setiap intervensi, laporan berarti nilai untuk
kategori utama perkiraan biaya dan hasil yang
menarik, serta perbedaan rata-rata antara kelompok
pembanding. Jika berlaku, laporkan rasio efektivitas
biaya tambahan.
Characterising uncertainty 20a Single study-based economic evaluation:Describe the
effects of sampling uncertainty for the estimated
incremental cost and incremental effectiveness
parameters, together with the impact of
methodological assumptions (such as discount rate,
study perspective).
20b Model-based economic evaluation: Describe the page 14, line 1 to 14;
effects on the results of uncertainty for all input figure 5
parameters, and uncertainty related to the structure
of the model and assumptions.
Characterising 21 If applicable, report differences in costs, outcomes, or not applicable
heterogeneity cost-effectiveness that can be explained by variations
between subgroups of patients with different baseline
characteristics or other observed variability in effects
that are not reducible by more information.
Discussion
Study findings, limitations, 22 Summarise key study findings and describe how they page 8, line 27 to
generalisability, and support the conclusions reached. Discuss limitations page 12, line 27
current knowledge and the generalisability of the findings and how the
findings fit with current knowledge.
 Item Reported on page No/
Section/item No Recommendation line No
Other
Source of funding 23 Describe how the study was funded and the role of Information provided via
the funder in the identification, design, conduct, and the submission system
reporting of the analysis. Describe other non-
monetary sources of support.
Conflicts of interest 24 Describe any potential for conflict of interest of study Information provided via
contributors in accordance with journal policy. In the the submission system
absence of a journal policy, we recommend authors
comply with International Committee of Medical
Journal Editors recommendations.
For consistency, the CHEERS statement checklist format is based on the format of the CONSORT statement checklist