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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to describe the third year
students’ ability in identifying independent clause and dependent
clause in complex sentence using adverb clause at English
Department of Bung Hatta University. The design of this research
was descriptive research. The population of this research was the
third year students at English Department of Bung Hatta
University. In selecting the sample, the researcher used total
sampling technique. The number of sample was 53 students.
The result of the data analysis showed that the third year
students at English Department of Bung Hatta University were
classified into having moderate ability in identifying independent
clause and dependent clause in complex sentence using adverb
clause. It was proved by the fact that 20 students from 53 students
(38%) had moderate ability.
Based on the result, the lecturers are suggested to use this
research as a reference to see the students’ ability in identifying
independent clause and dependent clause in complex sentence
using adverb clause. For students, they should study more about
complex sentence. The researcher suggests the next researcher to
conduct students’ ability in using Noun Clause and Adjective
Clause.
Key Words: Analysis, Identifying, Independent Clause, Dependent
Clause, Complex Sentence, Adverb Clause.
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A. INTRODUCTION It can make the students be easier to
construct good sentences and develop the
Background of the Problem four language skills when they master
grammar.
In globalization era, people need some
languages to communicate each other in Structure is one of the subjects that
the world. One of these languages is students learn at English Department of
English. It has been used as a means of Bung Hatta University. It is taught in
communication in some of the world since series; that is Structure I, Structure II,
it is one of the international languages. In Structure III, Structure IV and Advanced
teaching and learning English, the students Structure. Learning materials that are
are expected to master four language skills, taught in those series are arranged
which consist of: listening, speaking, gradually. It means that the learning
reading and writing. As we know, in materials for higher series are more
English language skills, the students also difficult than the lower one. In Structure
should master English language IV, the third year students at English
components. English language components Department of Bung Hatta University had
include pronunciation, vocabulary, and learned complex sentences using adverb
grammar. Therefore, the students have to clause.
master both English language skills and
Based on the result of informal
English language components.
interview on February 27, 2016 that the
According to Thornbury (1999:1), researcher did with the third year students
grammar is partly the study of what forms at English Department of Bung Hatta
(or structure) are possible in a language. In University in academic year 2015/2016, it
addition, Thornbury (1999:1), adds that was assumed that they had difficulties to
grammar is a description of the rules that identify the independent clause and
govern how a language sentence is formed. dependent clause in complex sentence. It
It means that by having known grammar, also indicated that they had difficulties in
the students will know how the rules in a identifying kinds of adverb clause in
language and how to arrange the words complex sentence.
into sentence that has grammatical
Based on the explanation above, the
function correctly. Nowadays, grammar is
researcher was motivated and interested in
still used in teaching and learning English.
conducting the research entitled “An
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Analysis of the Third Year Students’ students were asked to underline the
Ability in Identifying Independent Clause independent clause and dependent clause
and Dependent Clause in Complex in complex sentence and wrote kind of
Sentence Using Adverb Clause at English adverb clauses that were used in the
Department of Bung Hatta University”. sentence. The students did the test in 40
minutes.
B. RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research was A good test should be valid and
descriptive research. It was designed to reliable. To find out the validity of the test
describe the students’ ability in identifying the researcher used content validity. It
independent clause and dependent clause means that the test is valid if it fixes with
in complex sentence using adverb clause. materials that had been given to the
According to Gay (1987:189), descriptive students. To have content validity, this test
research involves collecting data in order was constructed based on curriculum,
to test hypotheses or to answer question syllabus and teaching materials of writing
concerning the current status of the subject subject on the third year students at
of the study. English Department of Bung Hatta
University. Gay (1987: 135) states that to
The population of this research was the
find out the reliability of the test and to
third year students of English Department
minimize the subjectivity in scoring, the
of Bung Hatta University in academic year
researcher used inter-rater technique. It
2015/2016. The total number of the
means that the researcher used two
population was 54 students. They were
assessors in scoring.
class A and class B. In this research, the
researcher used all members of population To see the coefficient correlation of
to be the sample. The researcher used total two assessors, the researcher used Pearson
sampling technique in choosing sample. Product Moment formula suggested by
Usman and Akbar (2006:181) state that Arikunto (2012:87):
total sampling technique is a technique by
choosing all the members from the
population. So, the members of the sample
were 54 students. Where:
The instrument used to collect the data rxy = the coefficient correlation between x
in this research was noticing tasks. The and y variable
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x = the score which is given by the first kind of the adverb clause.
scorer Example:
y = the score which is given by the second If a country doesn’t have a resource such as
oil, it must import the resource.
scorer Students’ answer:
n = the number of the students If a country doesn’t have a resource such as
oil, IC
Σxy = the total scores of cross product xy
C. FINDING AND DISCUSSION it must import the resource. Condition
Findings DC
a. Students’ Ability in Identifying
Independent Clause and Dependent The correct answer:
Clause in Complex Sentence If a country doesn’t have a resource such as
In general the students’ ability in oil, DC
identifying independent clause and it must import the resource. Condition
dependent clause in complex sentence was DC
moderate. It is indicated by percentage of
2. Students’ Ability in Identifying
students whose ability was included in Independent Clause and Dependent
Adverb Clause of Contrast in
moderate category 38 %.
Complex Sentence
1. Students’ Ability in Identifying The ability of the third year students in
Independent Clause and Dependent
identifying independent clause and
Adverb Clause of Condition in
Complex Sentence dependent adverb clause of contrast in
The ability of the third year students complex sentence was moderate. It is
in identifying independent clause and indicated by percentage of students whose
dependent adverb clause of condition in ability was included in moderate category
complex sentence was moderate. It is 66 %. There are still 15 % of the students
indicated by percentage of students whose classified as low ability. It means that
ability was included in moderate category some students still had problem in
76 %. There are still 15 % of the students identifying independent clause and
classified as low ability. It means that dependent adverb clause of contrast in
some students still had problem in complex sentence. In other words, they
identifying independent clause and were still confused to determine the
dependent adverb clause of condition in independent clause and dependent clause
complex sentence. In other words, they and the students still confused in identify
were still confused to determine the kind of the adverb clause.
independent clause and dependent clause
and the students still confused in identify
Example:
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I like travelling by plane, whereas my husband Send the letter now so that she will get it
doesn’t. before
Students’ answer: IC DC
doesn’t. Condition Send the letter now so that she will get it
before
The correct answer:
IC DC
I like travelling by plane, whereas my husband
Saturday. Purpose
IC DC
4. Students’ Ability in Identifying
doesn’t. Contrast Independent Clause and Dependent
3. Students’ Ability in Identifying Adverb Clause of Reason in
Independent Clause and Dependent Complex Sentence
Adverb Clause of Purpose in The ability of the third year students in
Complex Sentence identifying independent clause and
The ability of the third year students in
dependent adverb clause of reason in
identifying independent clause and
complex sentence was moderate. It is
dependent adverb clause of Purpose in
indicated by percentage of students whose
complex sentence was moderate. It is
ability was included in moderate category
indicated by percentage of students whose
68 %. There are still 13 % of the students
ability was included in moderate category
classified as low ability.
58 %. There are still 19 % of the students
Example:
classified as low ability. . It means that
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was
some students still had problem in hungry.
identifying independent clause and Students’ answer:
dependent adverb clause of purpose in I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was
complex sentence. In other words, they
DC IC
were still confused to determine the
hungry. Contrast
independent clause and dependent clause
The correct answer:
and the students still confused in identify
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was
kind of the adverb clause.
Example: IC DC
Send the letter now so that she will get it hungry. Reason
before Saturday.
Students’ answer:
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5. Students’ Ability in Identifying Dorothy (2004:3) states that grammar
Independent Clause and Dependent
is the system of rules that every speaker
Adverb Clause of Time in Complex
Sentence formulates through the process of first
The ability of the third year language acquisition. According to
students in identifying independent clause Thornbury (1999:1), grammar is partly the
and dependent adverb clause of time in study of what forms (or structure) are
complex sentence was moderate. It is possible in a language. In addition,
indicated by percentage of students whose Thornbury (1999:1) adds that grammar is a
ability was included in moderate category description of the rules that govern how a
72 %. There are still 17 % of the students language sentence is formed.
classified as low ability. It means that According to Oshima and Hogue
some students still had problem in (1991:155), a sentence is a group of words
identifying independent clause and that we use to communicate our ideas and
dependent adverb clause of time in it is formed from one or more clauses.
complex sentence. In other words, they Moreover, Werner and Nelson (2007:227)
were still confused to determine the say that a sentence in English consists of at
independent clause and dependent clause least one complete subject and verb. In
and the students still confused in identify addition, a sentence is really just an
kind of the adverb clause. informal way of saying independent clause
Example: (Dean, 1995:129). Then, Dean (1995:135)
When she was fourteen, she attended an art says that sentences can be divided into four
school. types: simple sentences, compound
Students’ answer: sentences, complex sentences, and
When she was fourteen, she attended an art compound-complex sentences.
A simple sentence is called an
IC DC
independent clause that contains a subject
school.
and a verb. It expresses a complete thought
The correct answer:
(Byrd and Benson, 2001:37). According to
When she was fourteen, she attended an art
Dean (1995:135), a simple sentence has
DC IC just one independent clause. Moreover,
school. Time Werner and Nelson (2007:230) say that a
Discussion simple sentence has one subject or verb
a. Students’ Ability in Identifying combination. However, the subject, the
Independent Clause and Dependent predicate or both may be compound.
Clause in Complex Sentence
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Compound sentences have two or more not express a complete thought and cannot
full predications in the form of stand alone as a sentence by itself. In short,
independent clauses (Frank, 1972: 222). dependent clause is just function as
According to Byrd and Benson (2001: 39), supporting information to independent
compound sentence is made up of two (or clause in a complex sentence. In addition, a
more) simple sentence joined by a comma clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence
and a coordinating word or by a semicolon. is called a subordinate, or dependent clause
Moreover, Werner and Nelson (2007:230) (Ehrlich and Murphy, 1976:14). According
state that a compound sentence is two or to Oshima and Hogue (1991:160), there are
more simple sentences joined together by a three kinds of dependent clauses: adverb
comma and a coordinating conjunction. clause, adjective clause and noun clause. A
A complex sentence is made up of a
compound complex sentence is made up of
simple sentence plus one (or more)
two or more simple sentences and one or
subordinate clause (s). Subordination
more dependent or subordinate clauses
means that a sentence becomes a part of
(Byrd and Benson, 2001: 47).
another sentence (Byrd and Benson, 2001:
46). According to Frank (1972; 223), Furthermore, the researcher found that
two or more full predications. According independent clause and dependent clause
to Ehrlich and Murphy (1976:14), a clause in complex sentence using adverb clause
that makes a complete statement and can was moderate since 20 students (38%)
(2007: 238), adverb clause is divided into complex sentence was moderate since
five types, they are: adverb clause of there were 35 students (66%) from 53
conjunctions. According to Werner & using adverb clause, and 16 students (30%)
conjunction that is used in adverb clause of independent clause and dependent clause
time are: after, before, will, since, when, in complex sentence using adverb clause.
in complex sentence was moderate. So, this research could be as a reference for
It was proved by the fact that there the English teacher to see the students’
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