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Cylindricity
Form tolerances control:
(ISO GPS)
Tolerances of Orientation A
straightness, flatness, roundness or cylindricity.
tolerances Perpendicularity
Parallelism
A B
A
Form tolerances critical to function & interchangeability
Angularity TED shall be specified because according to ISO 14405
Tolerances
the limit deviations of size are by default verified by two point
Tolerances of Location
Position A B C measurement & do not control any form deviations.
Coaxiality/concentricity
Symmetry
A B
The form tolerance specifies a zone within which
A TED
the considered feature, its line elements,
Tolerances of Profile A
Profile of a Line.
its derived median line,
Profile of a Surface or its derived median plane shall be contained.
Tolerances of Runout A
A
Circular runout
E
location & run-out tolerances of part features.
• ISO GPS system is an exact language that enables designers
or
to “say what they mean” on a drawing, thus improving product
designs. Production uses the language to interpret the design
intent & inspection looks to the language to determine set up. The tolerance zone, in each considered cross-section perpendicular to
By providing uniformity in drawing specifications & interpretation, the axis of the least square cylinder, is limited by two concentric circles
ISO GPS system reduces controversy, with difference in radii of 0,02 mm within which each
guesswork & assumptions extracted circumferential line of the surface shall be contained.
throughout the manufacturing & inspection process. By default the roundness deviation shall be evaluated by
Minimum Zone Circles (MZCI).
• Whenever two parts are expected CMM
When envelope requirement is applied the roundness tolerance
to fit together & function without re-work or adjustment, shall be smaller than size tolerance & other geometric tolerances
the parts must be clearly defined. that affect the roundness of the feature.
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Effect of four assessment methods Straightness
– different reference circles root-mean-square
roundness deviation
of the generating line
MZCI LSCI Any extracted generating line
MZCI – Minimum of the cylindrical surface
Zone Circles shall be contained
LSCI – Least between two parallel lines 0,03 apart
Square Circle in a plane common
MCCI – Minimum with the axis of the associated
Circumscribed Circle least square cylinder.
MICI – Maximum
Inscribed Circle The tolerance is applied
MICI independently to each
MCCI axial cross section.
It does not limit
the parallelism
of the generating lines.
(two-point size)..
Where necessary
the straightness tolerance
may be greater than
RONt = f(max, , n) RONt = (dmax – dmin)/2 the size tolerance.
Indicator & V-Block Indicator & surface plate
– method for – diametral 2-point method
The tolerance frame shall be attached to the extension of the dimension line.
odd number of lobes even number of lobes
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a) b) Cylindricity
Straightness
of the axis
Straightness of the axis tolerance with Flatness tolerance of the plane/ median plane
maximum material requirement MMR The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes
Functional requirement – the shaft shall mate with the hole a distance equal to tolerance 0,08 (respectiviely 0,06) apart.
– two requirements (size & geometrical tolerance) are transformed into
one collective requirement – MMR
±……...
Test a) Straightness tolerance of Parallelism tolerance of an axis related to datum axis
……… the Ø20 shaft generating line
T = ……………. ISO:
…………. …….. Tolerance zone: The extracted
………………………….; median line
…………. ……..
b) Straightness tolerance of shall be within
the Ø20 shaft axis per unit a cylindrical
length T = ……………. zone
±……..
The extracted surface shall be contained between two parallel The extracted surface shall be contained between two parallel planes
planes 0,04 mm apart, which are parallel to datum plane A. 0,08 mm apart which are perpendicular to datum axis A.
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes
a distance 0,02 mm apart & parallel to the datum plane. a distance 0,08 mm apart & perpendicular to the datum axis.
The datum plane A is the tangent plane. SZ The datum is the axis of smallest circumscribed cylinder.
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30
°
70
a cylindrical tolerance zone
of diameter 0,08 mm,
the axis of which coincides
with the theoretically exact position
of the hole,
with respect to
primary datum plane A (tangent plane),
ISO
secondary datum plane B
(plane perpendicular to datum A
that contacts datum feature B
at minimum of two points)
& tertiary datum plane C
(plane perpendicular to datums A & B
70
that contacts datum feature C at
minimum of one point).
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Position tolerance
The datum of four hole
features order pattern related
of precedence
is critical
to datum plane
for assessment
of conformance
The extracted median
with line of each hole
specification shall be contained within
a cylindrical tolerance zone
of diameter 0,05.
The axes
of four tolerance zones
XABC > XACB are perpendicular
YABC < YACB to datum A (tangent plane)
& form rectangular pattern
– are located by edges
• The primary datum is an associated (tangent) plane; of rectangular prism
• The secondary datum is an associated plane that respects with rectangular base 18×24.
the orientation constraint from the primary datum; Theoretically exact dimensions fix
• The tertiary datum is an associated plane which respects the orientation perpendicularity to datum A
constraint firstly from the primary datum & secondly from the secondary datum. & interrelationship between the features.
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Position tol. of four hole pattern related to datum system Position tol. of four hole pattern related to datum system
The extracted median & position tol. of four hole pattern related to datum plane
line of each hole
shall be within
a cylindrical
tolerance zone The extracted
of diameter 0,15
median line
the axis
of which coincides of each hole
with the theoretically in the hole pattern
exact position of shall be within
each hole, cylindrical
with respect to tolerance zone
primary datum plane A of diameter 0,15
(tangent plane), the axis of which
& secondary coincides with
datum plane B the theoretically
(plane perpendicular to exact position
datum A that contacts of each hole,
datum feature B with respect
(at minimum of two points) & tertiary datum plane C (plane perpendicular to datums to three plane
A & B that contacts datum feature C at minimum of one point). datum system.
Theoretically exact dimensions define the theoretically exact position & simultaneously contained within a cylindrical tolerance zone of diameter 0,05
from specified datum features & interrelationship between the toleranced features. perpendicular to datum A & with interrelationship 18×24 within the pattern.
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Position tolerance of six hole pattern Position tolerance of a plane with respect to axis & plane
related to datum system
CZ –
Combined
zone –
is used Plus/minus
to create tolerancing
a pattern. is not unique:
The Depth
tolerance micrometer
zones – distance
are between face of the beam placed on the pin face
locked & face of micrometer spindle sited on the base
top surface (direction determined by the portion of the pin face)
at 60°
intervals. Two external micrometers – difference between
overall length and height of the base (direction?)
Digital height gauge and measuring plate – distance between the
The extracted median line of each hole shall be within a cylindrical tolerance zone bottom face & pin face (direction determined by bottom surface
of diameter 0,2 mm the axis of which coincides with the theoretically exact position of the component base).
of the considered hole, with respect to primary datum plane A – tangent plane
& secondary datum B – axis of orientation related inscribed cylinder.
The tolerance zones are located in theoretically exact positions by the theoretically
exact angle 90° & radius 35 mm & distributed by theoretically exact angles 60°.
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The extracted
median line
of the toleranced
cylinder shall be
within a cylindrical tolerance zone
of diameter 0,1 mm, the axis of which coincides with
the datum axis A (axis of cylinder circumscribed on datum feature).
Position tolerance of a plane with respect to
primary datum A (axis of the cylinder circumscribed over the extracted pin
The axis
surface) & secondary datum B (associated plane perpendicular to datum A).
of mating
The extracted surface shall be contained in tolerance zone – between cylinder
two parallel planes a distance 0,2 mm apart symmetrically disposed about
shall be
the theoretically exact position fixed by the theoretically exact dimensions with
….
respect to datums A & B – that means around the plane situated
by the theoretically exact dimension 56 mm from the secondary datum
established in the direction defined by the primary datum.
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Coaxiality tolerance – common datum axis Location,
orientation
& form
tolerances
The placement
of the hole axis
(extracted median line)
is limited by
position (location )
& parallelism (orientation)
tolerances.
The form deviation
of the hole extracted
The datum is the common axis median line is limited
constructed from two pivots. by straightness
of the axis tolerance.
The extracted median line of the toleranced cylinder
shall be within a cylindrical tolerance zone of diameter 0,08,
the axis of which coincides with the common datum axis A-B. nA≠nB
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of a surface
to datum
& system
position tolerance The
X
of a plane
set similar constraints tolerance
for zone
the toleranced surfaces. is limited
In both cases all degrees by two
of freedom are arrested equidistant
for the defined surfaces
tolerance zones. enveloping
The tolerance zones
are fixed in relation The extracte spheres of
to datum plane A. surface diameter 0,1,
shall be The profile tolerance of a surface as location tolerance.
Tolerance zone is the space between two the centres
within of which are All six degrees of freedom for tolerance zone are constrained
boundaries equally disposed by three datum planes listed in the tolerance frame.
tolerance situated on
about the theoretically exact profile zone.
(j space between two parallel planes) theoretically Datum system locates the theoretically exact surface.
located to datum plane A by theoretically exact dimension 36 with distance 0,05 apart. exact profile. The extracted surface shall be within tolerance zone.
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Maximum material
virtual size
MMVS = MMS+T
= (150+0,05) mm
= 150,05 mm
MMS hole = ……………… MMS pin = ……………… Maximum material
size
MMS = 150 mm
Least material size LMS = 149,96 mm (IT7=0,04 mm)
Two-point size LMS ≤ ALS ≤ MMS
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Maximum material virtual condition MMVC Perpendicularity tolerance with MMR – surface & axial
interpretation
MMC – state of associated feature of maximum material virtual size
Assembly of parts depends on combined effect Pin shall fit
of size & geometrical deviation. into hole
of cylindrical
ring gauge
According
to axial
interpretation
the value
of the
Maximum material virtual size MMVS: perpendicularity
tolerance
for external feature of size for internal feature of size depends on the
MMVS = MMS + T MMVS = MMS – T pin actual size.
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Perpendicularity tolerance of hole axis with MMR Position tolerance for coaxiality
at MMR for toleranced hole & MMR for datum hole
The sleeve shall mate with the pin & the flat face surfaces of two parts
shall be in intimate contact. Specify the size & geometrical tolerances
for the sleeve.
Tolerances of run-out
Calculate
minimum
wall Circular run-out tolerance
thickness – Circular run-out tolerance – radial
– Circular run-out tolerance – axial
– Circular run-out tolerance in any direction
LMVS = ………… – Circular run-out tolerance in a specified direction
LMVC LMVC
X = ………..
Total run-out tolerance
– Total radial run-out tolerance
– Total axial run-out tolerance
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Circular run-out tolerance – radial Total radial
run-out tolerance
related to
common datum
.003
A
Total radial run-out deviation
= Max(Max(Ri)) – Min(Min(Rj))
A .003
The extracted surface
The extracted circumferential line in any cross-section plane shall be contained between
two coaxial cylinders with
perpendicular to datum axis A shall be contained between two
a difference in radii of 0,05
coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1
& the axis coincident with the
the centres of which coincide with the datum A (axis of the common datum straight line A-B.
circumscribed cylinder).
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.
Total axial
run-out
tolerance
related
to axis