JULY/AUGUST EXAM

AGRICULTURE

443/1

PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME
1. Livestock production

-Crop production

-Agriculture engineering

-Agriculture Economics 2x ½ = 1 mk

2. Requires large tracts of land

Done where population is sparse

Done where livestock stocking rate is low 2 x ½ = mk

Where land is communally owned

3. Uniform germination of seeds

Uniform planting depth

Uniform water level in rice fields 3x½=1½

To remove depressions which store water that will make seeds to rot

4. Wells

Springs

Boreholes 3x1½

5. a). Introduction of microorganism responsible for decomposition ½ mk

b). Adds nutrient i.e. phosphorus and potassium ½ mk

c). Manure acts as food for microorganisms ½ mk

6. Fast growth

Fast to rot

Leafy

Preferably leguminous 5x½=2½

Able to grow in poor soil conditions

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7. Neat

Complete

Up to date

Concise

Precise

Show actual amounts/measurements 5 x ½ = 2 ½ mks

8. Refers to returns from the best alternative forgone ½ mk

9. Effect on soil PH

Nutrients contained

Time of application

Mode of application 4 x ½ = 2 mks

10. a). 75.90 cm x 25-30 cm ½ mks

b). 100cm x 50cm, 90 cm x 60 cm ½ mks

11. To achieve desired plant population

To get high yields

Maximum utilization of space

Control soil erosion 3x ½ = 1 ½ mks

Control weeds

12. prevent rotting of grains

Prevent sprouting

Reduce damage by insects 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mk

13. Name of owner

Land title NO.

Size of land

Seal and signature of issuing officer

Date of registration 5 x ½ mks

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b). Communal land tenure

Co-operative land tenure 2 x ½ = 1 mk

State ownership

14. Reduce speed of run off

Trap soil particles

Protect soil from erosion agents 2x1 = 2 mks

15. Bench terraces

Fanya juu terraces

Level terraces

Narrow based terraces 4 x ½ mk = 2mks

Broad based terraces

16. Biting and chewing insects 2 x ½ = 1 mk

Piercing and sucking insects

17. –Put flowers in open baskets

-Do not compact flowers

-Avoid harvesting wet flowers 4 x ½ = 2 mks

-Do not harvest with any twigs -Harvest only ready flowers (2-3 rows disc florets open)

18. Drying

Treatment to break dormancy

Seed dressing

Seed inoculation

Washing to remove mucilage. 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks

SECTION B

19a). Stalkborer 1x1=1mk

b). Destroys grains, reducing their quality

-Destroys stems interfering with food uptake of plants thus reducing yield
-Destroys leaves 2x1=1mk

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c) Chewing 1x1= 1mk

20a). Tissue culture 1x1= 1mk

b). A- Plantlets

B- Tissue culture medium 2x1=2mks

c). Mass production of propagules

Production of pathogen free plants

Fast

Uses less space 2x1=2mks

21a). Trench silo 1x1=1mk

-M prevents entry of water into the silage 1x1=1mk

-N drains away water 1x1=1mk

c). Fast filling of silo

Proper compaction

Sealing with polythene paper & soil 2x1=2mks

22). Marginal production column

13

20

12

-1 10x ½ = 5mks
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SECTION C

23a). Harvesting of sugarcane

-take sugarcane samples for testing before harvesting

-Cut sugar cane at ground level to minimize losses

-Remove the green tops to avoid growth substance lowering quality

-Strip off leaves

-Farm may be burnt before harvesting to remove leaves

-Ensure the sugarcane is delivered to the factory within 24 hours to maintain quality 6x 1= 6mks

23b). Biotic factors

Pests damage crops lowering quality and quantity

Pathogens causes diseases to crops

Predators – some are useful as they help in controlling pests, others feed on livestock

Nitrogen fixing bacteria- help to improve soil fertility

Decomposers – increase level of organic matter in the soil

Parasites – reduce quality & quantity of produce either animal or crops

Pollinators – Bring about cross pollination which helps in producing new plant varieties 7x 1 = 7mks

ci). Budding is uniting of a vegetable seedling and a bud to form a new plant 1x1 = 1mk

ii). Importance of budding

-More than one type of fruit can be got from same root stock

-Plants that cannot be propagated any other way are propagated.

-Seedless plants can be propagated .

-Damaged trees can be repaired

-Top of the tree can be changed from undesirable to desirable

-Reduces period the crop stays on the field before maturity

-Good qualities from the rootstock are exploited and characteristics such as less thorny, sweetness,
seedless are attained. 6x1=6mks
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24, a). Methods of preventing water pollution

-Control soil erosion - by contour planting

Cover cropping

Keep right stocking rates

-Government to ensure proper storm water control

-Organic farming

-Fencing water sources

-Vegetating river banks 5x2 = 10mks

b). Preparation of nursery bed

-select good site

-Clear the land

-Dig deeply in primary cultivation

-Measure Im wide & appropriate length

-Raise or sink nursery 15cm deep

-Farrow to a fine tilth

-Incorporate manure

-Level the field

-Make shallow drills

-Crop seeds singly along drills 8 x 1 = 8mks

c) Lemon is compatible with the orange and other fruits of same origin.

-Lemon has extensive root system

-lemon has resistance to diseases 2x1=2mks

25a). Advantages of using herbicides

-Faster

-Less laborious

-Maintains soil structure

-Roots and underground structures not damaged

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-Convenient where we have bothersome weeds like stinging mettle

Convenient in fields such as sugarcane & sisal that irate

-Can be used in wet or dry conditions

-Can be used in flat or sloppy areas 5x1=5mks

-cheaper in the long run

25b). Banking services

-Credit facilities

-Safe keeping of farmers money and other valuables e.g. title deed

-Gives advice to farmers how to make better use of credit given

-Provides a safe means of payment

-May act as referee when clients need credit facilities where the bank statements are required.
5x1=5mks

25c). Functions of co-operative societies

-Carry out marketing functions e.g. buying and selling of produce

-Storage of farmers produce

-Transportation of produce

-Distribution of farm input at subsidized prices

-Provide banking services to members
-Keep records of all activities done and inform members of the same
-Provides extension services to members 7 x 1 mrks
25d). Properties of nitrogen fertilizers
-Scotching effect
-Highly soluble in water
Hygroscopic
-Corrosive

-Has short residual effect

-Highly volatile 3x1 mrks