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Talking points
The people who bring you up have
the biggest influence on your life.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Our character does not change, no
matter what happens to us in life.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
We always take after our parents,
often in ways we can’t see.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
We tend to date and marry people
like our parents.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Nature v. Nurture
Nature v. nurture is an age old debate. Do you think
genetics or environment have more influence over a
person’s behavior, thoughts, personality, etc? Maybe
you think it is half and half. If so, which one has the
stronger influence?
Nature v. Nurture
Then make a similar list of the ways in which you feel you are the product of
nurture: the ways in which your parents brought you up that made you what you
are now, the ways your surroundings affect you to make you what you are now.
NATURE NURTURE
@ least 4 @ least 4
LIKE THIS
Sociobiology= The study of how biology
influences human behavior
EXAMPLES:
Thumbs up
Waving
Flag
Shaking head
Language
EXAMPLES:
[1] In the United States…if we nod our head up and down…what does
that mean?
[2] If we shake it back and forth…what does that mean?
[3] In the United States, if we make an “O” by putting our thumb and
forefinger together…what does that mean?
[4] “Thumbs up” in the United States means what?
[5] Do you use both hands while eating?
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
AKA The Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity
Theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely
upon language
When something is important to a society there are
many words to describe it
The less a society cares about something…the less
words there are
Example in United States
Time
Snow: English has a few but Inuit has twenty
Quote:
“England and America are two countries separated by the
same language”
Examples of how language shapes culture
MONEY
FRIEND
HELLO
VEHICLE
HOUSE
Slang words-APPROPRIATE
Slang words- APPROPRIATE
Chapter 3
about three to four feet apart when they talk. If someone stands more
closely to us, especially if we are of northern European heritage, we
feel uncomfortable. Yet people in other countries—especially Italy,
France, Spain, and many of the nations of Latin America and the
Middle East—would feel uncomfortable if they were standing three to
four feet apart. To them, this distance is too great and indicates that the
people talking dislike each other. If a U.S. native of British or
Scandinavian heritage were talking with a member of one of these
societies, they might well have trouble interacting, because at least one
of them will be uncomfortable with the physical distance separating
them.
Scenario
You are on a bus…totally empty…someone
gets on and picks the seat directly next to you
You are at the park…benches are
everywhere and they are currently empty.
Someone walks up and sits next to you on
the same bench you are currently enjoying.
FOLKWAYS= Norms that lack
moral significance
Specific norms related to customs of a group
Rules of behavior without a moral component/overtone
If you don’t follow norms you would appear odd, be rejected
by some but not seen as wicked/immoral. Usually no serious
consequences
EXAMPLES:
Sleeping on the floor opposed to a bed
A man taking off his hat inside
MORES= Norms that have moral dimensions and
that should be followed by members of society
Based on the word moral
Deals with conduct related to what is right and
wrong; Vital to well-being of a society
Pressure to follow Mores is great, more serious than
folkways
Examples: Jewish bar mitzvah/bat mitzvah
TABOOS: Most serious mores; norm so strong that
its violation demands punishment
Ex: incest taboo – you do NOT marry your relatives
Examples of Taboos
Pork= prohibited by Muslims and Jewish followers
Beef= prohibited for Hindus
Eating carnivorous animals
Cannibalism
Laws= norms that are formally defined
and enforced by officials
You can get in legal trouble (jail, fines, etc.) for
breaking these norms
Examples:
Driving while drunk, theft, murder, and trespassing
are all examples of laws in the United States. If
violated, the person violating the law could get
cited, owe a fine, or go to jail.
Complete the boxes in your notes!
Figuring out the different types of norms can be
tricky. Remember the following:
Folkways: Behavior/conduct related to customs, or
appropriate or accepted behavior
Mores: Norms that have a moral component, right and
wrong
Taboos: If you break them it is a really big deal
Examples:
A judge ruling that a person must go to jail or pay a fine.
(NEGATIVE)
Teachers reward a student for the correct answer.
(POSITIVE)
INFORMAL SANCTIONS= REWARDS OR
PUNISHMENTS THAT CAN BE APPLIED BY
MOST MEMBERS OF A GROUP
Example:
Thanking someone for assisting you.
(POSITIVE)
Staring at someone who talks too loudly in a movie theater.
(NEGATIVE)
VALUES=Broad ideas about what most
people in a society consider to be desirable
They are very general- involved in most aspects of daily life
Different among societies
Form the basis for norms
EXAMPLES:
Justice
Democracy
Wealth
Fairness
Patriotism
Pursuit of happiness
Chapter 3
Objects Activity:
Make a list of the most important objects in your life (@ least 7).
Explain what they are for and how it relates to your culture.
Section 5
Understanding Causes of Cultural Change
Discovery
Process by which something is learned or interpreted within a culture
Example: The realization of female athletic ability in the last few decades.
Fusion (diffusion)
Process by which one culture or society borrows from another culture or
society
Example: Food is a great example of diffusion (McDonalds in other countries.)
Invention
The creation of something new from previously existing items or processes
within a culture
Example: Science and technological inventions (cellphones!)
Social Categories= Groupings of persons
who share a social characteristic
Men, women
Catholics, Baptists
LGBTQ
Super rich, impoverished
By region/country/state
Shelter
Clothing
Values
Traditions
Communities
Music
Games
Why do these commonalities exist?
All people have similar needs related to their
biology; have to eat, care for children to survive,
medical care for the ill
Humans have to respond to their environment;
shelter, protection
Many people face similar social issues/problems;
education, jobs, unifying activities
Cultural Particulars
The ways in which a specific culture expresses universal
traits; specific ways