Hypothesis: grace vinegar has a higher content of ethanoic acid than Miracle and Eve

vinegar.

Aim: to determine if Grace vinegar has content of ethanoic acid than Miracle and Eve
vinegar.

Apparatus&Material: burette, pipette, NaOH solution, vinegar samples, conical

flask, phenolphthalein indicator.

Method:
1. Fill the burette with the 0.5moldm-3 NaOH solution.
2. Pipette 20cm3 of Grace vinegar into a conical flask and add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator.
3. Allow the base to run into the vinegar until a permanent color change is
obtained.
4. Repeat titration twice or until the difference in titre volumes does not exceed
0.1cm3.
5. Tabulate the results.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 using Eve and miracle vinegar.

Variables:

Manipulated: NaOH solution

Responding: colour change of the vinegar
Controlled: amount of vinegar used

Expected Results:

Table 1. showing the titre volumes obtained for the titration between Grace Vinegar
and NaOH.
Burette reading/cm3 1 2 3
Final
Initial
Volume used

Table 2. showing the titre volumes obtained for the titration between Eve Vinegar and
NaOH.
Burette reading/cm3 1 2 3
Final
Initial
Volume used

Table 3. showing the titre volumes obtained for the titration between Miracle Vinegar
and NaOH.
Burette reading/cm3 1 2 3
Final
Initial
Volume used
Interpretation of Data:

A titration is done to determine the concentration of an acid or a base. The volumes

obtained at the end-point (the point at which a permanent color changed is obtained is
used to calculate the concentration of that solution. In the case the volume of NaOH
that was run from the burette is used to determine the concentration of the ethanoic
acid in each vinegar sample.

Calculations:

Grace Vinegar

1. Mol of NaOH = conc. of NaOH × vol of NaOH used.

2. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
3. Based on the balanced equation, use mole ratio to determine the number of moles
of ethanoic acid used.
4. Determine the concentration of ethanoic acid used.
Conc = mol/vol

Precautions:

1. ensure the conical flask is placed over a white tile so that color changes are
detected immediately.
2. Stop the titration immediately once a faint permanent pink color is obtained.

Source of error:

1. the experimenter may overshoot the end-point.