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Table of Functional Group Priorities for

Nomenclature
by James
in Alcohols, Aldehydes, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkyl Halides, Alkynes, Carboxylic acids, Esters, Functional
Groups, Ketones, Nomenclature
Here’s a little nomenclature dilemma.
Let’s say you’re trying to name a molecule. You’re familiar with the familiar naming suffixes like -ol, -ene, -
ane, -oic acid and so on. But then you come across a molecule which has multiple functional groups.
What do you do? What suffix do you give the molecule?
We need some kind of priority system for nomenclature. And so, IUPAC has developed one. If you have a
molecule with, say, a carboxylic acid and a ketone you consult the table. The functional group with the highest
priority will be the one which gives its suffix to the name of the molecule. So in example #1 above, the suffix
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of the molecule will be “-oic acid” , not “-one”, because carboxylic acids are given higher priority. However, if
a ketone is present with an alcohol (example 3) then we will use the suffix, “-one” because ketones have a
higher priority for nomenclature than alcohols.
[You might ask: what is this based on? It’s an arbitrary agreement by IUPAC [source], although note that there
is some correlation between the oxidation state of the carbon and the priority (more oxidized groups tend to be
higher priority). However this really is an example of something you have to either look up , memorize, or have
a computer do for you. It’s not conceptual. ]
Here it is: Table of Functional Group Priorities For Nomenclature

Here are some examples of applying the order of functional group priorities to solve nomenclature problems.
The highest ranked functional group becomes the suffix – it’s highlighted in red.
This covers most of the functional groups you’ll meet in Org1/Org2, if you run into a thioketone or some other
bizarre entity, you’ll probably want to see Reusch or Wikipedia.

Related Posts:
Summary Sheet: Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry IUPAC Nomenclature Demystified With A Simple Puzzle Piece Approach
Alcohols (1) – Nomenclature and Properties
Why the SN2 Reaction Is Powerful
Tagged as: alcohols, esters, functional groups, nomenclature, priorities
{ 65 comments… read them below or add one }
abhi
Animation makes it all the more interesting !
Reply
deepak
thanks.
Reply
IP
I think ether should be right after amines and alkane after nitro? some other website seem to say that,
which one is correct?
Reply
james
With amines, the suffix “ine” is used, but when nitro groups or ethers are present, the alkane suffix
is used: http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_322.htm
Reply
Brajesh
According to my view friend your thought is wrong because you should know that we write fg as
prefix only when it has less priority and you can not use alkane as prefix. nitro group always
remains in the form of prefix and ether vice versa. So fg having high priority is used in the form of
suffix. Ether is not used as suffix so it has less priority than alkane. It will be after alkane and not
after amine.
Reply
christopher unyime ebong
i think alkyne should come before alkene: it should be alkyne-alkene-alkane, decreasing unsaturation and
increasing saturation…
Reply Organic chemistry exam coming up? Check out our "cheat sheets" ! 
James Ashenhurst
Alkene does go first over alkyne, but I believe it is due to the alphanumeric priority of -ene over -
yne and not based on the extent of saturation:
http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/350/Carey5th/useful/nomen.html
Reply
Ptachia Bar-On
If Halogens have higher perioity than Nitro why the Nitro group is written after the Bromine
Reply
James Ashenhurst
It’s just due to alphabetization. For example we would number 2-bromo 3-nitro butane based on
the fact that bromine is higher up in (our) alphabet than nitro.
Reply
Anagha
So does that apply to all the functional groups, in all cases?
Reply
Carpe Diem
It (alphabetization) only applies to substituents.
Reply
Birupakshya Singh
can anyone plz say what is d criteria for this table.????..
Reply
James Ashenhurst
IUPAC.
Reply
Birupakshya Singh
well…but can u plz suggest me what r the criterias which IUPAC have applied???
Reply
James
I believe it is at least partially based on oxidation state, with higher oxidation state
having higher priority. But that doesn’t explain why alkenes are higher priority than
alkynes. Nomenclature is a human convention.
Reply
Rani
please give some example where carboxylic acid act as prefix .Will sulphonic acid be given more priority
than carboxylic acid?
Reply
Ritu
Can you please give example where carboxylic acid prefix ‘carboxy’ is used in nomenclature?
Reply
Ankit
Can u please name this compound HOOC-CH²-CH²-CH²-CH(CH²-CH²-COOH)-CH²-CH²-

CH²-COOH and HOOC-CH²-CH²-SO³H
Reply
Laurentiu
Carboxy may be used when one of the chains attached to the root carboxylic acid also has
the carboxylic acid functional group. E.g. 4-(Carboxymethylene)-2,5-heptadienedioic acid.
Reply
Bj
No because COOH is top on priority table
Reply
Govind Pradeep
Why does alkyne have more priority ovr alkene? Because i have seen compounds where the least no: is
given to alkynes ie., they hav been given most priority ovr alkene..for example, 6-chloro-4-ethyl-5-
methylhept-5-en-1-yne
Reply
Rich
The yne might have been given priority in this case because the parent chain could be numbered in
such a way to make one of the unsaturations C1, and it happened to be the yne and not the ene.
Reply
Rich
Tie goes to the ene, but this might not have been a tie.
Reply
Rich
Since ethers are “substituent-only” (named only by prefix), are peroxides prefix-only as well? What
about epoxides? (I think that’s a little less clear, eg. oxirane.)
How would a peroxyacid RC(=O)OOH (“peracid”) or a perester RC(=O)OOR’ be handled?
I’m guessing a carbonate ROC(=O)OR’ takes priority over an ester RC(=O)OR’ ?
Reply
s.brar
where would the halogens be in this table?
Reply
Dave
under the alkyl halide section, 2nd to last priority just above nitro.
Reply
Mandeep Verma
Halogens come down at the rock botoom. They are not used as suffixes. Only Prefixes
Reply
Blank
Other websites show ethers as having higher priority than alkenes

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/functional/func.html
http://academics.keene.edu/rblatchly/OrgoCommon/hand/functgrps/Nomenclature.html
Reply
Patrick
I agree, I think that ethers should be higher priority than alkanes. In the case of CH3OCH2CH3Ito
should be named as ethyl methyl ether.
Reply
Survivor
Thanks a lot! That really helped! :)
Reply
addy
i have a doubt.suppose there’s a compound containing both alkene and alkyne functional groups. what
gets higher preference?
Reply
James
Alkene, according to IUPAC.
Reply
Mayette
If the carbon chain contains both the double and triple bond and they are both on the terminal
carbons, then prioritization is given to the double bond. But if both double and triple bond are not
on the terminal carbons, prioritization is given to the triple bond. These are called enynes.
Reply
kashish
Hey, in the 2nd example why do they use both the siffix and the prefix of nitromethane?
Reply
James
The alkane (” -ane “) has a higher priority than the nitro group, so the nitro group will not be used
to a suffix.
Reply
n.rohitvarma
Respected sir,
I have a doubt which may be small for you , but it brings more confusion if sulphonic acid and
carboxylic acid are given which should be given priority first sir . sir please answer me and please give
me a explanation.
Thanking you sir!
Reply
James
Carboxylic acid, according to this: http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_905.htm

and this http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_469.htm
Reply
n.rohitvarma
thanks a lot for reply but can you please explain In words
Reply
Zoose
Can someone PLEASE suggest a mnemonic to learn this table?
Reply
ADITYA SINGH CHAUHAN
I should give prioirity to br or alcohol
Reply
James
Alcohol, like it says in the table.
Reply
ajinkya
add carbonitrile with nitrile
Reply
Rhythm
Why NO2 is not taken as principal functional group , since the compound which is more withdrawing is
considered to be as more powerful functional group!! So why is it so????
Reply
ajay
in that case even halides are in the bottom
Reply
John
Very informative and well organised….

However it would be awesome if sulphonic acid and anhydrides could be added too :D
They’re pretty superior
Thanx though, this saved me a ton of time
Reply
shiva ram
where does benzene stand in priority table?

is it above bromine?
Reply
Ramya
If multi functional groups are there in a compound, for which 1 we should give priority?
Reply
James
That is the whole point of this priority table.
Reply
Loong
The so-called “Table of Functional Group Priorities For Nomenclature” can be misleading. It is not in
accordance with past (1979, 1993) or present (2013) IUPAC recommendations.
Reply
James
In what way? Can you be more specific?

For example, in what way is the table not in accordance with the listing here:
http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm
and of the groups which are only prefixes
Reply
Deep
Is the above given priority table authentic??
Reply
James
See http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm and

This table agrees with information on those pages, from IUPAC’s “Blue Book”.
Reply
ashna
Out of Sulphonic acid and carboxylic acid which would be given more priority?? Please tell the
answer…i m little confused
Reply
James
Carboxylic acids. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm
Reply
Prachi Modanwal
Carboxylic acid would be given more priority
Reply
Raj
Where so3h must be placed
Reply
James
Just below carboxylic acids. See http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm
Reply
Roge0140
This is for a true or false question:
“Butanal” is another name for isobutanol.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I am almost 100% certain this is false, but I just want to be sure that there is no way, or possible
arrangement of the alcohol group (-OH) that can occur that would result in it being possible to name it
like a aldehyde right?
Reply
James
It is false.
Reply
Prachi Modanwal
I think that the priority order of functional group is this :

1. -COOH
2. -SO3H
3. -COOR
4. -COX
5. -CONH2
6. -CN
7. -CHO
8. =C=O
9. -OH
10. -NH2
11. =C=C=
12. -C-=C-
Reply
Tusharsinh
where is – X in order
Reply
James
X stands for a halide group.

Reply
Deepak rai
I think it is good to provide this type of chart to the student because this help them in their study
So Thanks!!!
Reply
Melissa
Where do epoxides fit into this list? Are they considered a substituant or a functional group?
Reply
Parag Goswami
In the ease of open chain compounds the secondary prefix is added just before the root word in the
alphabetical order. why is it so?
Reply
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The One-Sentence Summary Of Chemistry
The Second Most Important Carbonyl Mechanism
The Single Swap Rule
The SN1 Reaction
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Converting a Fischer Projection To A Line Diagram
Converting a Line Diagram to a Fischer Projection
Converting a Newman Projection to a Line Diagram
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Determining R/S on a Fischer Projection
E1 with Rearrangement
E1 With Rearrangement (2)
Elimination Exercise: Zaitsev’s Rule
Elimination Reactions in Cyclohexanes
Elimination Reactions in Cyclohexanes (2)
Evaluating Resonance Forms (1) Charges
Evaluating Resonance Forms (2) Octets
Evaluating Resonance Forms (3) Negative Charge
Evaluating Resonance Forms (4) Positive Charge
Evaluating Resonance Forms (5) Aromaticity
Exercise: Condensed Formula (1)
Exercise: Condensed Formula (2)
Factors that affect acidity – Aromaticity
Factors That Affect Acidity (1) Charge Density
Factors That Affect Acidity (2) Electronegativity
Factors That Affect Acidity (3) Polarizability
Factors That Affect Acidity (4) Electron Withdrawing Groups
Factors That Affect Acidity (4) Resonance
Factors That Affect Acidity (6) – Orbitals
Formal Charge (1) – Atomic Charge
Formal Charge (2) – Introduction to Formal Charge
Formal Charge Exercise: Allyl Carbocation
Formal Charge Exercise: CH2N2
Formal Charge Exercise: CH3NO2
Formal Charge Exercise: CN
Formal Charge Exercise: CO3
Formal Charge Exercise: Hidden Hydrogens
Formal Charge Exercise: Hidden Lone Pairs
Formal Charge Exercise: N3
Formal Charge Exercise: NH4
Formal Charge Exercise: O3
Formal Charge Exercise: Radicals and Carbenes
Hidden Hydrogens
How Formal Charge Can Mislead
How Heat Affects Elimination Reactions
How to draw an enantiomer
How To Use A pKa Table
In Summary: Resonance
Introduction to Elimination
Introduction to pKa
Introduction to Rearrangements
Introduction to Resonance
Introduction to the E2 Reaction
Introduction to the SN1: Experiments
Introduction to the SN2: Experiments
Key Patterns in Formal Charge
Line Drawings
Making OH Into A Good Leaving Group
Rearrangement Reactions: Alkyl Shifts
Rearrangement: Hydride Shift
Rearrangements: Carbocation Stability
Resonance – Common Mistakes (1)
Resonance – Common mistakes (2)
SN1 Exercise: The Substrate
SN1 Reaction Energy Diagram
SN1 vs. SN2 Overview
SN1 With Alkyl Shift (1)
SN1 With Alkyl Shift (2)
SN1 With Hydride Shift
SN1: Applying the SN1 Reaction
SN1/SN2/E1/E2 – Substrate
SN1/SN2/E1/E2 Decision – Overview
SN1/SN2/E1/E2 Decision – Solvent
SN1/SN2/E1/E2 Decision – Temperature
SN1/SN2/E1/E2 Decision – The Nucleophile/Base
SN2 Exercise: Apply the SN2
SN2 Exercise: Leaving Groups
SN2 Exercise: The Substrate
Solvents in SN1 and SN2 Reactions
Stereochemistry Exercise 1
Strong and Weak Acids
Substitution: What is Substitution?
The 4 Components of Every Acid Base Reaction
The E1 Reaction
The Golden Rule of Acid Base Reactions
The Single Swap Rule
The SN1 Mechanism
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SN2 Mechanism
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The SN2 Reaction Energy Diagram
Understanding R/S Relationships
Unequal Resonance Forms
Using Electronegativity to Find Reactive Sites on a Molecule
What Makes A Good Leaving Group?
What Makes A Good Nucleophile? (1)
What’s A Nucleophile?
Zaitsev’s Rule
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Table of Functional Group Priorities For Nomenclature - Master Organic Chemistry

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Table of Functional Group Priorities For Nomenclature - Master Organic Chemistry

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Organic chemistry exam coming up? Check out our "cheat sheets" !

Master Organic Chemistry

Enter an organic chemis

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Table of Functional Group Priorities for

Here’s a little nomenclature dilemma.

What do you do? What sufﬁx do you give the molecule?

Here it is: Table of Functional Group Priorities For Nomenclature

Summary Sheet: Functional Groups

Tagged as: alcohols, esters, functional groups, nomenclature, priorities

{ 65 comments… read them below or add one }

Animation makes it all the more interesting !

christopher unyime ebong

So does that apply to all the functional groups, in all cases?

It (alphabetization) only applies to substituents.

can anyone plz say what is d criteria for this table.????..

Can u please name this compound HOOC-CH²-CH²-CH²-CH(CH²-CH²-COOH)-CH²-CH²-

No because COOH is top on priority table

How would a peroxyacid RC(=O)OOH (“peracid”) or a perester RC(=O)OOR’ be handled?

I’m guessing a carbonate ROC(=O)OR’ takes priority over an ester RC(=O)OR’ ?

where would the halogens be in this table?

Other websites show ethers as having higher priority than alkenes

Thanks a lot! That really helped! :)

Alkene, according to IUPAC.

Carboxylic acid, according to this: http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_905.htm

Can someone PLEASE suggest a mnemonic to learn this table?

ADITYA SINGH CHAUHAN

I should give prioirity to br or alcohol

Alcohol, like it says in the table.

add carbonitrile with nitrile

in that case even halides are in the bottom

Very informative and well organised….

where does benzene stand in priority table?

That is the whole point of this priority table.

In what way? Can you be more speciﬁc?

Is the above given priority table authentic??

See http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm and

Carboxylic acids. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm

Carboxylic acid would be given more priority

Where so3h must be placed

Just below carboxylic acids. See http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_326.htm

This is for a true or false question:

“Butanal” is another name for isobutanol.

I think that the priority order of functional group is this :

X stands for a halide group.

Reactions of Sugars: Glycosylation and ProtectionPosted on: Apr 24, 2018

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions (1) - HalogenationPosted on: Apr 18, 2018

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