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This print-out should have 17 questions. • the density of the field lines is related
Multiple-choice questions may continue on the field strength — the larger the field line-
the next column or page – find all choices density, the greater the field strength (note
before answering. that the line pattern in the figure is a 2d pro-
jection of a 3d-line pattern — there is no exact
001 10.0 points proportionality relationship between the pro-
The diagram shows an isolated, positive jected line density and the field strength)
charge Q, where point B is twice as far away • the direction of the electric field at any
from Q as point A. point is tangential to the field line at that
point
+Q A B • each point in space can have only one
E-field direction associated with it
0 10 cm 20 cm
The field line picture is useful for giving an
overall qualitative feel for the “shape” of the
What is the ratio of the electric field field generated by a particular charge distri-
strength at point A to the electric field bution.
strength at point B? Consider three electric field patterns.
EA 8 (Some of these patterns are physically im-
1. = possible.) Assume these electric field patterns
EB 1
are due to static electric charges outside the
EA 4
2. = correct regions shown.
EB 1
EA 2
3. =
EB 1
EA 1
4. =
EB 2
EA 1
5. = (a)
EB 1
Explanation:
Let : rB = 2 rA .
1
The electric field strength E ∝ , so
r2
(b)
1
EA r2 rB2 (2 r)2
= A = = = 4.
EB 1 rA2 r2
rB2
L
~ = 1 −2e2 BA
F r̂ .
4πǫ0 |~r BA |2 q θ
a q
m m
(Remember the electron has a negative
charge.) Taking the length, we get From the right triangle,
a
sin θ =
1 −2e2
L
~ BA
F = r̂
4πǫ0 |~r BA |2 a = L sin θ = (0.13 m) sin 4◦
1 2e2 BA = 0.00906834 m .
F = r̂
4πǫ0 |~r BA |2 The separation of the spheres is r = 2 a =
1 2e2 0.0181367 m . The forces acting on one of the
= (1) spheres are shown in the figure below.
4πǫ0 |~r BA |2
1 2e2 T θ
= T cos θ
4πǫ0 |~r BA |2
θ
Fe
009 10.0 points T sin θ
Two identical small charged spheres hang in
equilibrium with equal masses as shown in mg
the figure. The length of the strings are equal Because the sphere is in equilibrium, the
and the angle (shown in the figure) with the resultant of the forces in the horizontal and
vertical is identical. vertical directions must separately add up to
zero:
X
Fx = T sin θ − Fe = 0
0. 1
X
3m
Fy = T cos θ − m g = 0 .
Dividing,
4◦
0.03 kg 0.03 kg F sin θ Fe
=
F cos θ mg
Find the magnitude of the charge on
Fe = m g tan θ
each sphere. The acceleration of gravity is
= (0.03 kg) 9.8 m/s2 tan 4◦
9.8 m/s2 and the value of Coulomb’s constant
is 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . = 0.0205585 N .
lee (dl28863) – Ch14-h1 – turner – (90130) 5
From Coulomb’s law, the electric force be-
tween the charges has magnitude 011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Atomic physicists usually ignore the effect of
|q|2 gravity within an atom. To see why, we may
|Fe | = ke 2
s r calculate and compare the magnitude of the
|Fe | r 2 ratio of the electrical force and gravitational
|q| = Fe
ke force between an electron and a proton
s Fg
(0.0205585 N) (0.0181367 m)2 separated by a distance of 6 m.
= What is the magnitude of the elec-
(8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 )
trical force? The Coulomb constant is
= 2.74304 × 10−8 C . 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 , the gravitational
constant is 6.67259 × 10−11 m3 /kg · s2 , the
mass of a proton is 1.67262 × 10−27 kg, the
010 10.0 points mass of an electron is 9.10939 × 10−31 kg,
Two spheres, fastened to “pucks”, are rid- and the elemental charge is 1.602 × 10−19 C.
ing on a frictionless airtrack. Sphere 1 is
charged with 1 nC, and sphere 2 is charged Correct answer: 6.40714 × 10−30 N.
with 4 nC. Both objects have the same mass. Explanation:
1 nC is equal to 1 × 10−9 C.
As they repel,
Let : r = 6 m,
1. they do not accelerate at all, but rather k = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 ,
separate at constant velocity. qp = 1.602 × 10−19 C , and
q
~ 017 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points
E = Ex2 + Ey2 The electric force on the −6 × 10−9 C charge
q can be written in the form
= (−5000 N/C)2 + (−5000 N/C)2
= 7071.07 N/C hFx , Fy , Fz i
~v ~v ~v · ~v
· =
|~v | |~v | |~v |2
|~v |2
=
|~v |2
=1
~
We can easily find the magnitude of E:
q
~
E = Ex2 + Ey2
q
= (−5000 N/C)2 + (−5000 N/C)2
= 7071.07 N/C
So, finally, we find
Ey
Êy =
~
E
−5000 N/C
=
7071.07 N/C
= −0.707107