Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture-1
Basic Concepts of Classical control
Emam Fathy
Department of Electrical and Control Engineering
email: emfmz@yahoo.com
1
What is Control System?
• A system Controlling the operation of another
system.
• A system that can regulate itself and another
system.
• A control System is a device, or set of devices
to manage, command, direct or regulate the
behaviour of other device(s) or system(s).
2
Definitions
Process – The device, plant, or system under control. The input and
output relationship represents the cause-and-effect relationship of the
process.
3
Definitions
4
Examples
Cables
Electronically-
controlled
Vacuum actuator
Other examples
• Anti-lock braking system (ABS)
– Major components of the typical ABS system
• four speed sensors (one at each wheel)
• electronic control unit (ABS computer)
• a hydraulic control unit
http://www.samarins.com/glossary/abs.html
Other examples
• Vehicle suspension system
– a system that will absorb the energy of the
vertically accelerated wheel, allowing the frame
and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels
follow bumps in the road
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension.htm
Types of Control System
• Natural Control System
– Universe
– Human Body
• Manmade Control System
– Vehicles
– Aeroplanes
9
Types of Control System
• Manual Control Systems
– Room Temperature regulation Via Electric Fan
– Water Level Control
10
Type of systems
1)Open-Loop
Input Output
Control System
2)Closed-Loop
Input Output
Control System
Types of Control System
Open-Loop Control Systems
Open-Loop Control Systems utilize a controller or control actuator to
obtain the desired response.
• Output has no effect on the control action.
• In other words output is neither measured nor fed back.
Input Output
Controller Process
13
Type of systems
Open-loop system
Advantage of
Open-loop system
Simple Cheap
Type of systems
Open-loop system
Disadvantage of
Open-loop system
Solution
Use closed-loop system
Types of Control System
Closed-Loop Control Systems
Input Output
Comparator Controller Process
Measurement
17
Types of Control System
Feedback Control System
Feedback
18
Type of systems
Closed-loop system
Advantage of
Closed-loop system
Disadvantage of
Closed-loop system
Temp Outputs
Humidity Comparator Controller Process
Pressure
Measurements
23
Types of Control System
Servo System
• A Control System in which output varies linearly with the input is called a
linear control system.
30
0
25
-5
y(t)
y(t)
20
-10
15
-15
10
-20 5
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
u(t) 25
u(t)
Types of Control System
Linear Vs Nonlinear Control System
• Linear control System Does not
exist in practice. Adhesion Characteristics of Road
0.4
• Linear control systems are
Adhesion Coefficient
idealized models fabricated by
0.3
the analyst purely for the
simplicity of analysis and design. 0.2
y(t ) 2u(t ) 1
y(t ) 2u(t ) 3t
27
Types of Control System
Continuous Data Vs Discrete Data System
• A discrete time control system involves one or more variables that are
known only at discrete time intervals.
X[n]
n
28
Types of Control System
Deterministic vs Stochastic Control System
t t
t 29
Types of Control System
Adaptive Control System
30
Types of Control System
Learning Control System
31
Classification of Control Systems
Control Systems
Natural Man-made
Manual Automatic
Open-loop Closed-loop
Non-linear linear
Non-linear linear
33
Examples of Control Systems
34
Examples of Modern Control Systems
35
Examples of Modern Control Systems
36
End Of Lec 1
37