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INMUNOLOGIA BASICA
Dra. Esthela Loyo de López
Al recibir estúmulo inflamatorio, CDs periféricas comienzan a madurar y migrar hacia órganos linfoides secundarios,
donde presentan Ag procesados a linfos T. La maduración de CD se acompaña de reorganización estructural dramática,
adquieren capacidad de procesar lo capturado, cargar péptidos inmunógenos a MHC Clase II y transferir selectivamente
estos complejos desde lisosomas hacia membrana plasmática junto con moléculas co’s. Pero no todas las maduras tienen
equivalencia funcional. Estímulos diferentes producen CDs maduras diferentes con capacidad diferente de inducir T...
Actividad
antimicrobiana y
citoóoxica por
mediadores,
formas reactivas
de oxígeno.
28 subunidades en 4
anillos heptaméricos 2 a 25 AAs
Además de productos convencionales, otra pequeña fracción deriva de productos de translación crípticos
(intrones, uniones intrón/exón, regiones no translacionadas, pedazos de lectura alterna)
IFN-g incorpora subunidades catalíticas nuevas (LMP2, MECL-1 y LMP7) para generar inmunoproteosomas, cambia
la especificidad de ruptura y producen residuos para unión preferente a MHC-1
MHC II también puede presentar péptidos derivados de proteínas endógenas: autofagia (macro y por chaperonas).
li:MHC II en Golgi al ER
Klein, J. et al.
N Engl J Med 2000;343:702-709
LTP
b requiere chaperones, similar a MHC 1.
Clathrin AP2
priming of lipid-specific T cells probably
coated pit ? occurs in the
CD1 β2m R E V ITGN Eperipheral
WS lymphoid organs, which is similar to that of
Early
ER peptide-specific
Early endosome T cells. The endosome most likely candidate Lysosome
MIIC
cells
ER AP3
Figure 5 | Lipid loading on CD1 molecules. a | In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), CD1d lipid Golgi that prime lipid responses are Late dendritic
endosome
cells, which
a β m b 2 c
loading is assisted by the microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein (MTP). MTP facilitates the express all CD1 molecules, including CD1e. After
d e
plasma membrane expression of CD1d,
CD1a CD1b possibly by contributing to glycosylphosphatidylinositolCD1c
priming,CD1d lipid-specific T cells expand and become
loading and CD1d folding. b,c | In late endosomes, different lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs)
Plasma
membrane readily detectable, as shown by investigations of
participate in lipid editing. LTPs might pull lipids out of the membrane (b) and offer them to
hydrolases, or they might directly ARF6 load or unload CD1 with lipids (c). d | A potential role in mycobacterial lipid-specific responses in human sam-
Clathrin
extracting lipids from bacterial
coated pit cells is proposed. AP2
β2m, β? 2-microglobulin; MIIC, MHC class II ples20,21,90. Furthermore, the expansion of lipid-specific
compartment; TGN, trans-Golgi network. T cells occurs in guinea pigs that are immunized with Late
TGN
Early
Lysosome
mycobacterial lipids 91,92
or infected with M. tuberculosis endosome
ER endosome
ER
Early endosome
AP3
MIIC (S. Mariotti, unpublished observations), which con-
Golgi
have been carried out in mice. As mice express only
Late endosome firms that the lipid-specific AP3
response is acquired CD1e
after
d CD1d, iNKT cells have been e investigated and no infor- priming. Figure Therefore, a recall
4 | Intracellular trafficking response
of CD1 to mycobacterial
molecules. Newly synthesized CD1 molecules are transported through the Golgi
and trans-Golgi network (TGN) to reach the cell surface, with the exception of CD1e, which remains in the cell. Cell surface CD1
CD1d mation is available on the development of T cells that lipids molecules
is seenare after infection.
internalized in clathrin-coatedThepits andlifespan and aimmu-
are sorted as follows. | CD1a routes to early recycling endosomes and
back to the plasma membrane in an ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6)-dependent manner. b | CD1b, after interacting with
are restricted by group 1 CD1 molecules. iNKT cells nologicaladaptor characteristics
protein 2 (AP2), is transported ofto this memory
the late endosomes and, population
after binding to AP3, traffics to the lysosomes. c | CD1c, after
¿Cómo se procesan develop y cargan en CD1?
in the thymus and are subject to positive- and remain to beandinvestigated.
reaching
lysosomes,
the sorting endosomes, preferentially routes to the early endosomes, and to a lesser extent to the late endosomes and
then recycles to the plasma membrane. d | CD1d is transported mainly to the late endosomes and only partially
Glicosidasas lisosomales (a-galactosidasa A, b-hexosaminidasa B, a-mannosidasa)
negative-selection processes 9,68–71
. They exit the thymus An important issue redefinen
is whether lipid-specific Ag glicolípidos, T cells pero
to the lysosomes. Mouse, but not human, CD1d associates with AP3. A fraction of the mouse CD1d binds to the invariant chain
in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which escorts this molecule to the late endosomes (not shown). e | CD1e accumulates in the
los detalles no se conocen as CD4 + bien. single-positive or double-negative Late cells. occurGolgi as stacks
frequently as peptide-specific
of immature dendritic cells, and routes to the lateT-cell
endosomespopula-
and the multivesicular body-enriched compartment
in mature dendritic cells, where it is cleaved and remains in a soluble form. CD1e never reaches the plasma membrane.
CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes express CD1d endosome
tions. The frequencies
β m, β -microglobulin; MIIC, of
MHClipid-specific
class II compartment. T cells were found
CD1 recién cargadasand secomprise
transportan a la superficie
the cell population that is responsible for
de membrana, donde 2
presentan
2
W
DEC205= dendritic cell receptor for
/clinicalpractice/rheum
endocytosis (lymphocyte Ag 75 or CD205)
Lysosomal processing
MHC
class II
DC
TREG
Initial expansion
Apoptosis
Figure 1 Modification of dendritic cells by targeted antigen presentation leads to induction of T-cell
Friday, September 24, 2010
The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells
Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:15-27
WS
Follicle
HEV Marginal
zone
Medulla
Marginal
Efferent
sinus
lymph
PALS
Blood Central
Conduit network arteriole
Conduit
network
Follicle
Arteriole
branch
a
Afferent lymph vessel
Antigen
C3 fragment
Antibody Subcapsular sinus
Immune
MAC1 complex
DC-SIGN
Antigen-specific Follicular
B cell dendritic cell
Primary follicle
b c
SCS Antigen-specific Paracortex
B cell
Friday, September 24, 2010
HEV
Friday, September 24, 2010
próxima:
• complejo mayor de
histocompatibilidad
Friday, September 24, 2010
• RESUMEN
• Las células que exhiben péptidos asociados a moléculas MHC se denominan células presentadoras de
antígenos (APCs). Ciertas APC presentan antígenos a linfocitos T vírgenes durante la fase de
reconocimiento de respuestas inmunes para iniciar dichas respuestas, mientras que otras APC presentan
antígenos a linfocitos T diferenciados durante la fase efectora para iniciar mecanismos que eliminen dichos
antígenos.