BS en 286-2

3
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
286-2 : 1992
Simple unfired pressure

vessels designed to
contain air or nitrogen
Part 2. Specification for pressure vessels
for air braking and auxiliary systems for
motor vehicles and their trailers
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The European Standard EN 286-2 : 1992 has the status of a

British Standard
Récipients à pression simples, non souitiis à la Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter fiir Luft
flamme, destinés à contenir de l'air ou de oder Stickstoff
l'azote: Teil 2: Druckbehälter fur
Partie 2: Récipients à pression plur circuits (Ir Druckluftbrenisanlagen und
freinage et circuits auxiliaires des v6tiic.iiles Hilfseinrichtungeri in Kraftfahrzeugen und
routiers et leurs remorques deren Anhängefahrzeugen
Copyright British Standards Institution

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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 03/21/2006 22:02:57 MST
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BS EN 286-2 : 1992
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Cooperating organizations
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision

this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following countries:
Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut belge de normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito,r.y.
France Association française de normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization
Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland
Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund
Portugal Instituto Portuguès da Qualidade
Spain Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación
Sweden Standardiseringskommissioneni Sverige
Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution
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This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Pressure Vessel
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the Amendments issued since publication
authority of the Standards
Board and comes into effect on Amd. No. Date
15 November 1992
9BSI 1992
The following BSI references V

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PVE/17
Draft for comment 89/76475 DC
ISBN O 680 20076 O

I B S I BS*EN*286: PART*Z O1 = 1624669 0331687 452 W
BS EN 286-2 : 1992
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword
~~ ~~ ~~~
i
Foreword 2
Qxt of EN 286-2 : 1992 3
National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible 46
National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover
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National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure
Vessel Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of
EN 286-2 ; 1992 Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contuin air or
nicrOgen :Part 2 :Pressure vessels fur air braking and auxiliary systemsfor
motor vehicles and their trailers, published by the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS AU 221 : 1988 which is withdrawn,
and partially supersedes BS 3256 : 1960 which will be withdrawn upon the
publication of BS EN 286 : Part 3.
EN 286-2 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the
United Kingdom took an active part.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

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1 EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 286-2
September 1992
UDC: 621.642.02-98:629.114:620.1
Descriptors: Road vehicles, trailers, braking systems, pressure vessels, compressed air, tanks, conEaïneis, steels, aluminium,
computation, welded construction, manufacturing, tests, inspection, welded defects, marking
English version
Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or

nitrogen:
Part 2: Pressure vessels for air braking and auxiliary
systems for motor vehicles and their trailers
Récipients à pression simples, non soumis à la Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehälter für Luft
flamme, destinés à contenir de l'air ou de oder Stickstoff
l'azote: Teil 2: Druckbehälter für
Partie 2: Récipients à pression pour circuits de DruckluftbremsanIagen und Hilfseinrichtungen
freinage et circuits auxiliaires des véhicules in Kraftfahrzeugen und deren
routiers et leurs remorques Anhängefahrzeugen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-09-28. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEIWCENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own' language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050Brussels
O 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN membeis

Ref. No. EN 286-2 : 1992 E
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EN 286-2 : 1992
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Foreword Contents
This Part of this European Standard was drawn up w2e
by CEN/TC 54 ‘Simple unfired pressure vessels’, of Foreword 2
which the secretariat is held by the United
Kingdom. 1 Scope 3
This Part is one of a series of four. The other Parts 2 Normative references 3
are: 3 Definitions and symbols 4
Part 1: Design, manufacture and testing 4 Materials 7
Part 3: Steel pressure vessels designed for air 6 Determination of the wall thickness 7
braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic
equipment for railway rolling stock 6 Construction and fabrication 19
Part 4:Aluminium alloy pressure vessels designed 7 Qualification of welders, welding
for air braking equipment and auxiliary operators and welding inspectors 26
pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock 8 Qualification of welding procedures 26
This European Standard shall be given the status of 9 Resistance to corrosion 26
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 10 Tèsts and certificates 27
March 1993, and conflicting national standards 11 Marking 33
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1993. 12 Documentation to accompany the
In accordance with the Common CENKENELEC vessel 34
Rules, the following countries are bound to
implement this European Standard: Austria, Annexes
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, A (normative) Verification 35
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, B (normative) Declaration of
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, conformity - Surveillance 36
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
C (normative) Design and
manufacturing schedules 37
D (normative) m e examination 37
E (normative) Content of the
manufacturing record 38
F (normative) KV requirements on
plate and strip materiais (steel) 38
G (informative) Essential safety
requirements given in Directive
87/404/EEC 40

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EN 286-2: 1992
1 Scope 2 Normative references

1.1 This Part of this European Standard applies to This European Standard incorporates by dated or
the design and manufacture of simple unfired ?
undated reference, provisions from other
serially made pressure vessels, herein after referred publications. These normative references are cited
to as vessels, designed for air braking equipment at the appropriate places in the text and the
and awriliary systems for motor vehicles and their publications are listed hereafter. For dated
trailers, and which: references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply ta this European
a) include fabrication by welding; Standard only when incorporated in it by
b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use amendment or revision. For undated references the
production procedures. This is achieved by latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
either:
EN 287-1 Approval testing of welders - fusion
1) a cvlindrical shell of circular cross section welding - Part 1 : Steels
ciosei by outwardly dished and/or flat ends
having the same axis of revolution as the shell; EN 287-2 Approval testing of welders - fusion
or: welding - Part 2 : Aluminium and
2) two dished ends having the same axis of aluminium alloys
revolution; EN 288-1 Specification and approval of
c) have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 welding procedures for metallic
of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are materials - Part 1 : General rules
welded. for fusion welding
EN 288-3 Specification and approval of
1.2 It applies to vessels intended to contain only welding procedures for metallic
compressed air, and which operate within the materials - Part 3 : Welding
following constraints: procedure tests for arc welding of
a) subjected to an internal pressure greater
- than steels
0,5 bar;
EN 288-4 Specification and approval of
b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the welding procedures for metallic
strength of the vessel under pressure tÖ be made materials - Part 4 : Welding
either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy procedure tests for arc welding of
aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium aluminium and its alloys
alloys; .
EN 10002-1 Metaliic materials - tensile testing -
c) maximum working pressure 30 bar, the Part 1 : Method of test (at ambient
product of that preGÜre and the capacity of the temperature)
vessel (PS.V) is greater than 50 bar litres and not
exceeding 1500 bar litres; EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy
structural steels - Technical delivery
d) capacity not exceeding 150 litres; conditions (annex F only)
e) minimum working temperature not lower than
- 50 O C and maximum working temperature not EN 0028-1 Flat products made of steels for
higher than 100 ?C. pressure purposes - Part 1 : General
requirements
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for
nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for EN 0028-2 Flat products made of steels for
installation in or the propulsion of ships and pressure purposes - Part 2 :
aircraft, or to fire extinguishers. Non-alloy and alloy steels with
specified elevated temperature
1.3 The essential safety requirements are given in properties
annex G.
EN 10207 Steels for simple pressure vessels -
Technical delivery requirements for
plates, strips and bars
EN 26520 Classification of imperfections in
metallic fusion welds, with
explanations
EN 10045-1 Metallic materiais - Charpy impact test
- part 1 :Test method
\Vroiight aliiniiniiiiii aiid ~~III~IIIII~IIII
alloys - C?ticiiiicnl roiiipositi(I I I aiid
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foriiis of p n d u c t s - t?i11-1 1:
[ ~ l i c w i r dcotiipositioiI
Page 4
EN 286-2 : 1992
IS0 209-2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium 3 Definitions and symbols

alloys - Chemical composition and
forms of products - Part 2 : Forms 3.1 Definitions
of products For the purposes of this standard, the following
definitions apply.
IS0 1106-1 Recommended practice for
radiographic examination of fusion 3.1.1 type examination
welded joints - Part 1 : Fusion The procedure by which an approved inspection
welded butt joints in steel plates up body ascertains and certifies that a specimen of a
to 50 mm thick vessel satisfies the provisions of this European
IS0 1106-3 Recommended practice for Standard (see annex D).
radiographic examination of fusion 3.1.2 verification
welded joints - Part 3 : Fusion
welded circumferential joints in The procedure adopted at the choice of the
steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall manufacturer to check and certify that vessels
thickness manufactured comply with this standard (see
annex A).
IS0 2107 Aluminium, magnesium and their
alloys - Rmper designations 3.1.3 declaration of conformity
IS0 2409 Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test The procedure whereby the manufacturer certifies
vessels with a product PS. V not exceeding 1500 bar
IS0 2604-1 Steel products for pressure litres to be in conformity with this European
purposes - Quality requirements - Standard (see annex B).
Part 1 : Forgings
3.1.4 surveillance
IS0 2604-2 Steel products for pressure
purposes - Quality requirements - The procedure carried out by an approved
Part 2 : Wrought seamless tubes inspection body during manufacture (see B.3.2), to
ensure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the
IS0 2604-3 Steel products for pressure requirements of this European Standard.
purposes - Quality requirements -
Part 3 : Electric resistance and 3.1.6 design and manufacturing schedule
A IS0 4136
induction-welded tubes
Fusion-welded butt joints in steel -
Transverse tensile test 111
A dossier issued by the manufacturer which
describes the construction, material and
fabrication, and includes the certificates (see
annex C).
IS0 5173 Fusion welded butt joints in steel -
Am 26817
Transverse root and face bend test i)
Arc-welded joints in steel - Guidance
3.1.6 manufacturing record
A record retained by the manufacturer of all the
relevant information on the vessels manufactured
A. IS0 6361-2
;On-qualityieveis for imperfections
Wrought aluminium and aluminium
to this European Standard.
3.1.7 report on the examinations and tests
alloy sheets, strip and plates - A report of the examinations and tests carried out
Part 2 : Mechanical properties by the manufacturer.
IS0 6362-2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium 3.1.8 manufacturer's inspector
alloy extruded rodshars, tubes and A persodpersons employed by the manufacturer,
profiles - Part 2 : Mechanical but sufficiently independent from the production
properties personnel, qualified and responsible for
IS0 7253 Paints and varnishes - inspections, examinations and tests to be carried
Determination of resistance to out on vessels by him or under his responsibility by
neutral salt spray competent staff.
IS0 10042 Arc-welded joints in aluminium and 3.1.9 qualification of the inspector
its weldable alloys - Guidance on Qualification means technical competency on the
quality levels for imperfections') different inspections, examinations and tests to be
carried out under the manufacturer's responsibility,
as well as necessary experience. It is the
responsibility of the manufacturer t o ascertain that
the inspector is competent.
')This IS0 Standard is registered in the programme of work of CEN/'K 121 'Welding' and should be implemented as an EN
Standard.
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EN 286-2: 1992
3.1.10 automatic welding 3.1.17 maximum design temperatwe

Welding in which all the welding parameters are The temperature that is used in the design
automatically controlled. Some of these parameters calculations, and which is never less than t h
may be adjusted to a limited amount (manually or maximum working temperature.
automatically by mechanical or electronic devices)
during welding, to maintain the specified welding 3.1.18 minimum design temperature
conditions. The lowest temperature used in the selerition of
materials, and which is never greater than the
3.1.11 non-automatic welding minimum working temperature.
All types of welding other than that defined
in 3.1.10. 3.1.19 maximum working temperature, TI,,.
The highest stabilized temperature which the wall
3.1.12 type of vessel of the vessel may attain under normal conditions of
Vessels are of the same type if they simultaneously: use.
- have similar geometrical form (Le. shell rings 3.1.20 minimum working temperature, Tmin,
and ends or only ends, in both cases ends of the
same shape); The lowest stabilized temperature in the wall of the
vessel under normal conditions of use.
- have wall material and thickness within the
limit of validity of the weld procedure, including 3.1.21 maximum working pressure, PS
those for bosses and inspection openings; The maximum gauge pressure which may be
- have the same type of bosses and of inspection exerted under normal conditions of use.
openings; numbers and positions may vary; 3.1.22 design pressure, P
- have the same design temperature limitations. The pressure chosen by the manufacturer and used
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3.1.13 batch to determine the thickness of the pressurized parts.
A batch of vessels consists at the most of 3.1.23 inspection slip
3000 vessels of the same type. A document by which the producer certifies that
3.1.14 series manufacture the products delivered meet the requirement of the
More than one vessel of the same type order and in which he sets out the results of the
manufactured during a given period by a routine in-plant inspection test, in particular
continuous manufacturing process in accordance chemical composition and mechanical
with a common design and using the same characteristics, performed on products made by the
manufacturing process. same production process as the supply, but not
necessarily on products delivered (see 6.2.1).
3.1.15 family This corresponds to test report ‘2.2’ defined in
Vessels form part of the same family if they differ EN 10204 : 1991.
only in diameter and/or in the length of their
cylindrical portion.
3.1.16 subfamily
Consists of vessels of the same family with the
same wall thicknesses, the same material, the same
welding procedure, the same construction of
details; the vessels may vary in number and
position of attachments and bosses.

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EN 286-2: 1992
3.2 Symbols e, Wail 1 ickness c 3heU contributing to

For the purposes of this standard, the following reinforcement mm
symbols apply. es Wail thickness of the shell mm
A, Ago mm Elongation after rupture %
fn Nominal design stress N/mm2
Y Throat thickness of a weld mm
Af Cross-sectional area effective as h Height of a dished end mm
compensation mm2
hb I hbe See 5.1.6.1 and figure 3 mm
Afb Cross-sectional area effective as
compensation of the boss mm2 hbel, hbe2
KC Calculation coefficient which
Afs Cross-sectional area effective as depends on the welding process -
compensation of the shell mm2
KCV F’ailure energy (impact test) J/cm2
AP Area of pressurized zone mm2
KV F’ailure energy (impact test) J
4,AR See 6.1.7 mm2
L See 6.1.7 mm
C Calculation coefficient for
unpierced flat ends - lb Length between adjacent bosses mm
G Absolute value of the negative hb Length of boss contributing to
tolerance taken from the reinforcement mm
material standard or as stated I, Length of sheil contributing-to
in the drawing plus the absolute reinforcement mm
value of the reduction of wail m See 10.5.3 -
thickness by the forming process mm N See 6.1.3.1 and 10.5.3 -
% As before for a branch or boss mm P Design pressure2) (which shall not be
D Inside diameter of an unpierced less than PS) bar
flat end mm ph Test pressure2) bar
DO Outside diameter of the shell mm PS Maximum working pressure2) bar
DC Outside diameter of the crown R inside radius for shells and ends mm
section of a torispherical end Re Minimum yield strength specified
measured to the tangent in the material standard N/m2
between crown and knuckle mm Yield strength of the shell material
Re act
d Diameter of hole mm as determined in the tensile test
dib Internal diameter of a boss mm N/mm2
dob Outside diameter of a boss mm ReT Minimum yield strength at
e Nominal wall thickness mm maximum working temperature
ea Actual wall thickness mm specified in the material
Actual wall thickness of the shell standard N/IlUn2
eact
before the pressure test . mm Rm Minimum tensile strength
specified in the material
eah Actual wall thickness of the end mm
standard or guaranteed in the
e, Actual wall thickness of the shell mm inspection slip by the material
e, Calculated thickness mm manufacturer N/mm2
ecb Calculated wall thickness of a Rm act Tensile strength of the shell
branch or a fictitious branch with material as determined in the
the same internal diameter as tensile test
the boss mm N/mm2
ech Calculated wall thickness of the r Inside knuckle radius for
dished end mm torispherical ends mm
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ecs Calculated wall thickness of the T Temperature O C

shell mm Maximum working temperature OC
Tmax.
eh Nominal wall thickness of the Minimum working temperature
dished end mm Tmin. O C
T’min. Minimum ambient temperature O C

en eact - corresponding nominal wall
thickness as stated in the design ui is the circumferential length at
drawing mm cross section i after the pressure
test mm
erb Wall thickness of boss contributing
to reinforcement mm ui0 Is the circumferential length at
cross section i before the pressure
test mm
V Capacity of the vessel litre
2)A11 pressures are gauge pressures.
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EN 2 W 2 : 1992
4 Materials 4.3 Non-pressurized parts

All unpressurized parts of welded vessels sh& be
4.1 Main pressurized parts of materials that are compatible with that of the
4.1.1 Steel vessels components to which they are welded.
The following materials shall be used: To this end for steel vessels, supports and
a) Plate, strip and bar according to EN 10207 accessories fitted by welding on the shells and ends
(grades SPH 235, SPH 265 and SPHL 275), or to shall be made of non-alloy steel which meets the
EN 10028 : Part 1and Part 2 (grades PH 235 and following requirements:
PH 265). C I0,25 %, S 5 0,05 %, P 5 0,05 % and R,
For these grades of steel the compliance to the c 580 N/mm2
essential safety requirements indicated in Aluminium and aluminium alloys shall be as given
annex G according to the average failure in 4.1.2.
energy KVof steels at the minimum working 4.4 Welding consumables
temperature may be checked by the use of
annex F. The welding consumables used to manufacture the
b) Tubes according to IS0 2604 : Part 2 welds on or of the vessel shall be appropriate to
(grades TS5 and TS9) and IS0 2604 : part 3 and compatible with the materials to be eld de d.^)
(grades W 5 and W 9 ) .
c) Forgings according to IS0 2604 : Part 1 5 Determination of the wall thickness
(grade F9) The manufacturer may determine the wall
For a), b) and c), the materials shall be thickness of pressurized parts by either the
accompanied by an inspection slip verifying the calculation method given in 5.1 or by the
suitability of the material, including all the criteria experimental method given in 5.2.
required by annex G. In the case of materials The actual wali thickness of the cylindrical section
according to b) and c) the inspection slip shall and ends shall be not less than 2 mm in the case of
contain specific references to the requirements of steel vessels and not less than 3 mm in the case of
annex 6.2.1.1. aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels. That means:
4.1.2 Aluminium vesseis the minimum nominal wall thickness is 2 mm + c
The following materials shall be used (see table 1). for pressure vessels made of steel and 3 mm + G
for pressure vessels made of aluminium alloys.
For other products (i.e. bars and rods), materials
according to IS0 6362 : Part 2 should be used so 5.1 Calculation method
far as they fulfil the requirements of 5.1.1 Nominal design stress
annex 6.2.1.2.
The nominal design stress, f,shall not exceed the
4.1.3 Additional materiais and products lower value of 0,6 R , ~ o r0,3 RI,, where ReT and
Any materials not included in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, R, are the values specified in the material
which are manufactured according to a recognized standard.
national or international standard for quality steels, 5.1.2 Nominal thickness
aluminium or aluminium alloy and which conform
to the essential safety requirements of annex G will The nominal thickness of shells and ends shall be
be acceptable subject to approval by an approved equal to or greater than
inspection body in order to have type examination
of the vessel and include the suitability of the ere,+c (1)
material. Such materials shali be accompanied by
an approved inspection body certificate verifying
the suitability of the materials. 5.1.3 Calculated thickness of shells
4.2 Accessories contributing towards the
+ P K,
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strength of vessels = 20f

These accessories (pipedtubes, bosses etc.) shall be
made from steel, aluminium or aluminium alloy, K, = 1,0 or 1,15, depending on the welding
which is compatible with materials used for the process. The type of testing adopted, see tables 8
manufacture of pressurized parts. They shall have to 11 of 10.3.2.2, depends on the value of K,
an elongation after rupture, A , on test pieces taken and I!
in the length of at least 14 !%.(See EN 10002 :
Part i.)
:')European Standard in preparation.

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EN 286-2,: 1992
'Pdble 1. Aluminium materials

Is0 designation') International Temper Maximum Temperature Design temperature3)
registration designation2) temperature O C OC
record') 20 160 1100 20 150 I
loo
Minimum proof stress4) Minimum design stress
O C N/IlU$ Nimm2
---I-
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A199,8 (A) 1080 A O 100 22 20
A199,7 1070 A O 100 26 23
A199,6 1050 A O 100 30 29
AlMgl (B) 5005 A 100 35 35
AlMg2 6251 100 60 60
AlMg2Mn0,8 5049 100 80 80
AlMg2,5 5052 100 60 60
AlMg3 5754 100 80 80
A lMg3Mn 5454 100 90 90 90 54 54 54
AlMg3,S (A) 5154 A 100 90 90 90 54 54 54
AlMg4 6086 65 100 100 905) 60 60 545)
AlMg4,5Mn0,7 5083 65 125 125 75 726)
O 100 35 35
O 100 40 40
')IS0 designation and international registration record, see IS0 209 : Parts 1 and 2.
2)Temperdesignation, see IS0 2107.
3)Forintermediate design temperature, linear interpolation may be used.
4 ) ~ p l , 0for aluminium, ~ p ofor
, ~aluminium alloys.
5)Forinterpolation purposes only, temperature limit 65 O C .

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EN 286-2: 1992
5.1.4 Calculated thickness of unpierced dished c) Multiply this e,h/Do value by Do to obtain the
ends . end thickness e,h.
N(YI'E. When the ends have no straight flange, the end
5.1.4.1 Limitatim thickness e,h must be multiplied-by K,.
Dished ends shall fulfil the following limitations: The thickness of the spherical portion of a
a) hemispherical ends: 0,002 Do 5 e,-, I0,16 Do torispherical end may be determined as for a
hemispherical end of spherical radius R with the
b) ellipsoidal ends: 0,002 Do Ie,h I0,08 Do area of diameter D, - 2.24
he = h 2 O,iSDO where
c) torispherical ends: 0,002 Do 5 e,h I0,08 Do
r 1 0,06 Do x = 0.5 JR x torispherical thickness
r 1 3e,h
Figure 2 may be used with the values of he and Do
R 5 Do based on internal dimensions, provided
The values of the limitation conditions for R are he/Do < 0,27; beyond this value external
nominal ones; tolerances up to 4 % are allowed. dimensions are to be used.
It should be noted that the two relationships in b) 5.1.5 Calculated thickness of unpierced f l a t
or the four relationships in c) should be fulfilled ends
simultaneously. The minimum thickness of an unstayed flat end
In no case, except in figure 5b, shall the thickness without opening is given by the following equation:
of the cylindrical or straight flange of a dished end
be less than the thickness of a seamless unpierced
cylindrical shell of the same diameter and material
for the same design pressure and temperature.
e=CD -
G (3)
5.1.4.2 Calculations for hernisphmkal ends where

The thickness of hemispherical ends shall be C = 0,5.
determined using equation: 5.1.6 Compensation calculation for cylindrical
shells and dished end with openings@osses)
5.1.6.1 Compensation calculation is not required if
= 40f + P K, - the internal diameter of the opening is
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
K, see 5.1.3. d I0,14 J(Do - e 3 ea

5.1.4.3 Calculationsfor ellipsoidal and
torispherical ends or if
This calculation may be performed by the following - the internal diameter of the opening is:
procedure.
a) Calculate Pl(108 from the design pressure P
and the design stress f. Calculate helD0 where,
for torispherical ends, he is the smallest of the
three values
DO2/[4(R+ ech)] or JD, (T + e,h)/2 or h, or if

- the following conditions for the dimensions of
where the boss and the opening are fulfilled (see
figure 3)
h = R + ech - ,/(R - r)z - (D0/2 - e,h - r)2 d
hbe erb 2 - e, (4d
2
b) Enter figure 2 with this value, read up to the
appropriate hJDo line for the proposed end db 4 40 mm
shape and then across to the ech/Doaxis for the
corresponding &Do value.
Interpolation between kJDo curves is permissible kbe the smaller of the two values of kb or 6 e,
or, alternatively, values may be read from the (in case of figures 3a and 3b) respectively or
next highest hJDo curve. the smaller of the two values of hb or 10 e,
NOTE. The values which correspond to figure 2 are given in under the restrictions of hbel
table 2. 4 6 e, and hbe2 5 6 e, (in case of figure 3c).
'i' Page 10
BSI
_- BS*EN*ZBb: PART82 Ol W lb2Ybb9 0333677 3 T l
EN 286-2:1992
Figure la. Hemispherical end Figure lb. Ellipsoidal end
Figure IC. Torispherical end

Figure 1. Types of ends
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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EN 286-2 : 1992
x x x x x x
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
x x x x
w w u w w
-
9-
t
BSI BS*EN*Zôh: PART*E' O3 R I LbZ4bb9 0 3 3 3 6 9 9 374
Page 12
EN 286-2 : 1992
2 3 L 5 6 7 8 9 '
0,001 1.0
NOTE. The scale is logarithmic.

Figure 2. Design curves for dished ends
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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EN 286-2 : 1992
3
Y
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

! - B S I BS*EN*iOBb: PART*iO O 3 W l b 2 4 6 6 9 0 3 3 3 7 0 3 6 5 2 W
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EN 286-2: 1992
6.1.6.2 If conditions under 6.1.6.1 are not if the distance between holes 2 2
fulfilled, the design method specified as follows and
shall apply to cylindrical shells and dished ends
having circular openings, where the assumptions
and conditions specified in 6, L6.3 and 6.1.6.4 are (7)
satisfied.
5.1.6.3 The distance between two openings,
measured from the outside, must not be less than if the distance between holes c 2 I,but 2 10 e.
10 e. If the distance between openings is greater
than or equal to 2 &, where: 6.1.7 Compensation calculation for fiat ends
Flat ends that have an opening of Dl2 or less shall
be provided with reinforcement by the following
equation:
then the necessary reinforcement shaii be
calculated according to 6.1.6.6, case A or C.
If the distance between openings is smaller than
2 h,the necessary reinforcement shall be The area ARis obtained by multiplying the
calculated according to 6.1.6.6, case B or D. difference between the adopted plate thickness
5.1.6.4 The reinforcement of the main body can
and the plate thickness (calculated in accordance
be obtained alternatively by: with 6.1.6) x length L.
The area Ac is given by dl2 x calculated
- set-in welded bosses
- set-on welded bosses
- increased wall thickness.

1
including projection
welding and friction
welding
thickness e in accordance with 6.1.6.
L is given by the greater of the 3 values of 2.5 e or
( e + 75 mm) or dl2.
NCYE 1. This method of compensation is widely used and
experience has proved it to be satisfactory for a wide range of
applications. However because of the simplified nature of the
5.1.6.6 The reinforcement area of the main body calculations, its use is limited.
with openings cannot be calculated directly but NOTE 2. This method of compensation takes account of the
shall be assumed in the first instance. That cross-sectional area of locally disposed material.
assumption may be verified by means of the 6.2 Experimental method
method laid down in the following clause. The
applied method is derived from equation (2a) for In order to determine the wall thickness by means
cylindrical shells and from equation (2b) for of a pressure test, the plastic deformation of one
spherical sheils and spherical sections of dished pressure vessel (prototype, which represents the
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ends respectively and leads to relationships worst case) of every subfamily must be ascertained.
between a pressure loaded area A, and a stress m e test is to be carried out at an ambient
loaded cross-sectional area Af. Under certain temperature of 20 f 5 O C and consists of:
circumstances the calculation may need to be - a pressure test followed by
repeated using a corrected assumption of the - a burst test; and
reinforcement area. - a tensile test on the platekoil used for the shell
6.1.6.6 The calculation of reinforcement is to be of the prototype.
performed as shown in table 3 in combination with The assessment of the worst case(s) shall be agreed
figures 4a to 4d. For ends the calculation of A,, Afs upon by manufacturer and inspection body and the
and Afi is evident from figures 4a to 4d. For tests be carried out or witnessed and certified by
cylindrical shells the figures 4a to 4d can be used the inspection body.
for calculation of the effective area (Af, and A a )
but it should be noted that 5.2.1 General
During the pressure test, the average rate of
pressure increase shall be not greater than
1,0 bark, until the prescribed test pressure has
been reached. The test pressure should continue to
be exerted for at least 5 min. During this time no
leaks shall become apparent. The pressure test
shall be performed on a finished product, but with
no surface treatment applied.
")See also condition in 6.1.3.6.

___ --__ -- ___-
f
--
BSI BS*EN*286:
-
P A R T * 2 O3 M 1 6 2 4 6 6 7 0333702 5 9 9 =
Page 15
EN 286-2 : 1992
.. ..
3
n n
3
d
-3 cn
Bal P
8
al
s
4-i
s
cci
O O
5al
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

- ----- - - -
a
_I___ I
- BSI BS*EN*2B6: P A R T * 2 O 1 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331703 425 W

Page 16
EN 286-2.: 1992
\
I
NûTE Can also be used for bosses o the set-on type.

NOTE 2. If the boss is of the set-in type with inside parts then the effective area of the inside
parts of the wall is also to be considered.
NûTE 3. if full penetration welds are used. If not, the boss cannot be used for reinforcement.
Figure 4a. Effective areas and pressure loaded areas for calculation of
reinforcement (case A)
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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EN 286-2 : 1992
N U E 1. if fuii penetration welds are used. If not, the boss cannot be used for reinforcement.
Figure 4b. Effective area and pressure loaded areas for calculation of reinforcement
(case B)
\ \ \
JP I
I
I
I
I
/
Figure 4c. Effective areas and pressure load areas for calculation of
reinforcement (case C)
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Page 18
EN 286-2 : 1992
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 4d. Effective areas and pressure loaded areas for
calculation of reinforcement (case D)

1! II624669 0 3 3 3 7 0 6 33Y - -
Page 19
EN 286-2 : 1992
5.2.2 Pressure test The manufacturers shall have their own competent
The pressure test is to be carried out at a pressure supervisory personnel and specialists for
of at least five times the maximum working production. If the production work, such as
pressure (5 P a , with a permanent circumferential forming or heat treatment, is assigned to other
deformation such that the following condition is bodies, such bodies shall also satisfy the conditions
fulfilled: for the work to be performed.
6.1.2 Design of openings
100 * ui - u i o . Re act eact I1 The -distancebetween two openings, measured
(9) from the outside, must not be less than 10 e.
%O Re e, - c
6.1.3 Weldjoint design
The pressure shall be measured with an accuracy of
1 %. 6.1.3.1 Circular and longitudinal seams shall be
made using full penetration welds or welds of
Before the pressure test, the actual wall thickness equivalent effectiveness.
of the cylindrical shell shall be determined, and the
circumferential lengths of the vessel shall be Convex ends other than hemispherical ones shall
measured at least at three different cross sections have a cylindrical edge.
with an accuracy of 0 , l %. Mowed types of weld joint design (circular seams),
After the pressure test, the circumferential lengths see figures 5al to 5a3 and 5c.
at the same cross sections shall be determined. Additionally a weld joint design corresponding to
5.2.3 Burst test figures 5bl and 5b2 is acceptable under definite
additional conditions. These conditions are:
Then the pressure shall be re-applied and increased
gradually until rupture of the reservoir wall occurs. 1)The nominal design stress, f, shall not exceed
The pressure at which rupture occurs shall be not the lower Value of 0,6 Re~/1,4or 0,3 Rm/1,4
less than: where ReT and Rm are the values specified in the
material standard.
2) The material tensile strength R, used in the
Rm act
5PS-*--- eact
calculation of the dished end or sheli shall be less
R, e,- c
than or equal to 360 N/mm2 (limit only for
calculation purpose).
No parts shall become detached, nor splinters 3) The shell diameter Do shall be limited to
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
projected, and rupture shall not originate in any 400 mm in the case of figure 5bl and 350 mm in
weld. the case of figure 5b2.
5.2.4 The pressure test and the burst test shall be 4) The thickness e, shall be less than 5 mm, and
performed using water. greater or equal to eah for satisfactory welding.
5.2.5 in the condition given in 5.2.2 and in the 5) The maximum working pressure, PSI shall be
limit value for the burst pressure given in 5.2.3, less than or equal to 12 bar.
limit values for c, Re and Rm different from those 6) The circumferential welds, leaving aside their
stated in the material standard may be used if: possible repair, have to be carried out by an
- these limit values or the limit values for the automatic process.
products ( e - c) Re and (e - c) R , are stated 7) In addition, for weld joint design of figure 5b2
on the drawing and only, the fit up tolerance is 0,25 mm for not less
- one coil or one plate of a coil is checked than 270° and 1,00 mm for not more than 90°.
accordingly with respect to the specified 8) Systematic prototype test shall be done
values. according to the procedure described in 5.2.3.
9) In addition, for weld joint design of figure 5b2
6 Construction and fabrication only, the circumferential weld shall undergo a
fatigue test under the following conditions:
6.1 Construction Number of cycles: N = 105
6.1.1 General Pressure range: O, 1 PS to 1,O PS, where PS is
No rules of construction can be written in the value shown on the identification plate.
sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship and These conditions are tabulated in table 4.
construction. Each manufacturer is responsible for
taking every step necessary to ensure that the 6.1.3.2 Longitudinal welds shall not be closer than
quality of workmanship and construction is such as 30° to the bottom axis (see figure 6).
to ensure compliance with good engineering
practice.
Page 20
EN 286-2 : 1992
Figure 6al. Straight Figure 6a2. Toed-in end Figure 5a3. Joggled
end
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
end
Figure 5a. Types of weld joint design (dished enddshells)

BSI BS*EN*ZBb:
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-
0 3 3 3 7 0 8 TO7
- . . _- _ _
Page 21
EN 286-2 : 1992
t, M
c
m
A\
aJ
U
U
u-
L
3
rn
d
rn
c
A\
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Full pene:ration
Figure Sc. Allowed types of weld joint design (flat ends/shells)

--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

_ -
Page 23
EN 286-2 : 1992
Table 4. Conditions for using weld joint design as in figure 6b

Conditions') I figure mi I figure 5b2
Calculation
2 - tensile strength Rm to be used (only for calculation 5 360

Purpose) (N/mm2)
5 I-PS (bar)l 5 12
Fabrication
6 I - welding I automatic process2)
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7 I - gap between
.
shell and end
.
5 0,25 for not less than 270'
and 5 1,OO for not more
I than 90°
8 - prototype test corresponding procedure of 5.2.3

(only burst test)
9 - fatigue test - number of cycles N = 105;
pressure range O, 1PS
to 1,OPlP)
')In addition to the represented conditions in the sketches.
%caving aside its possible repair.
"'PS the value shown on the identification Diate.
Figure 6. Position of longitudinal welds of casings

B S I BS*EN*286: P A R T * 2 O 1 W L b 2 4 b b ï 033171l 5 T L
Page 24
EN 286-2 : 1992
' . *
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6.1.3.3 A single partial penetration weld is

permitted in the case of bosses whose outside
diameter does not exceed 65 mm. The throat
thickness g of the weld shall be at least 1,5 times
the thickness e, of thc thinnest part.
If the boss is not consitlewd as a reinforcement of
the opening, the throat thickness may be reduced
in order to be 2 1,0 e,.
If double welds are used, each weld shall have a
throat thickness g of at least 0,7 times the
thickness e, of the thinnest part.
Allowed types of partial penetration welds of
bosses are shown in figure 7.
Rosses may also be attached by projection welding
and friction welding.
t
Figlire i a . Welded on h s s Figure 71). Inserted boss (single weld)
Figiiie í c . Itis(~rteclboss (single weld) Figure 7cl. Inserted boss (d(itihle wrlcl~)
K ( ï i T Tiir weld throat o f ii single pirtial peiirtratioii weld mag he rediirrd in oidri to 1x3 2 i .o <>.,if the
1w.s is iiot coiisi(leiPd its a reiiiforceiiicw of tlir openiiia.
Figure 7. Permitted types of partial penetration welding of bosses

q BSI B S * E N * 2 8 6 : P A R T * 2 O3 W 1624667 0333732 438 w _ _
Page 25
EN 286-2 : 1992
6.1.3.4 The maximum distance from the centre of 6.1.6 Attachments

the dished end and the outer edge of any boss shall The vessel shaìl be fitted by tightening straps or
not be greater than 0,4 Do (see figure 8). welded brackets. The tightening straps should be so
fitted that they are not near the welds of the ends.
Ail parts welded to the body of the vessel shall be
welded to the vessel before testing.
Unpressurized attachments shall suit the curvature
of the shell or end and shall be positioned so that
the welds are not less than 6 e from any existing
weld in the vessel, where e is the thickness of the
vessel plate at the point of attachment.
6.2 Fabrication
6.2.1Forming of plates
6.2.1.1 Flat and dished ends shall be formed from
a single plate.
6.2.1.2 Dishing and flanging shall be carried out
by a mechanical forming procedure, e.g. by
pressing, spinning or flow forming; hand beaten
forming is not permitted. Care shall be taken when
galvanizing vessels made with cold formed
non-heat treated ends.
6.2.1.3 Cold formed ends made from aluminium
alloys shall not be used without post-forming heat
treatment, unless the aluminium alloy
Figure 8. Position of bosses of manufacturer, the vessel manufacture, and the
dished ends inspection body agree that in a special case heat
treatment is not necessary, depending on the
chosen aluminium alloy grade and the selected
6.1.3.5 Openings in cylindrical shells and end forming process.
plates shall be placed as far as practical from any 6.2.2 lblerances on fit-up
welded seam, but in no instance shall the seam in Longitudinal joints of shells (same thickness):
the shell be pierced, or the distance between any The maximum misalignment at the surface of the
two welds be less than 4 times the actual shell plates shall be not more than 0,25 times the
thickness, and in no case shall the distance to any thickness.
circumferential seam be less than: 0,50 Circumferential joints between ends and shells
h'm.in the case of using the calculation method with the (same or different thicknesses):
design also see formula (5) in 5.1.6.3.
For figures 5a1, 5a2 and 5a3 the maximum
6.1.3.6 if the backing strips are used on misalignment at the surface of the plates shall not
longitudinal seams they shall be removed. be more than the greatest of the values 0,25 e
6.1.3.7 Joggle joints shall not be used for (e = thickness of the thickest plate) or 0,7 mm
longitudinal seams. (for e = 2,O mm up to 2,9 nim) or 1,0 mm
6.1.4 Inspection openings (for e 2 3 , O mm), respectively.
All vessels shall be provided with openings A misalignment of 0,75 times the thickness of the
adequate in size and number to allow internal shell is allowed under certain conditions (see
direct or indirect visual inspection. Two openings figure 5bl).
of at least 14 mm internal diameter shall be 6.2.3 Heat treatment for aluminium alloy
provided. The heat treatment after cold forming is to be soft
Openings such as drainage ports, bosses etc., may annealing. The holding time and the temperature
be used as examination holes, if, by their shall be selected from the relevant material
dimensions and position, a general view of the standard (see IS0 6361 : Part 2). Care shall be
interior, particularly the seams, is provided. taken that heating is carried out uniformly.
6.1.5 Drainage openings 6.2.4 Welding
The design shall include at least one opening in There shall be no welding carried out once the
each compai-tment, intended to be used for pressure test has been successfully completed.
purposes of draining the vessel. Alternatively, the If a manual root run on the reverse side is made
instructions for use shall specify the provision of prior to a second run made by an automatic process
other means of preventing build-up of condensate. then the root weld shall be gouged out to the
The drainage openings shall be placed in the lowest sound metal to remove any inclusions,
points of the vessels. i.e. slag, etc.
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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EN 286-2 : 1992
7 Qualification of welders, welding 4) Hardness test

operators and welding inspectors The hardness test can be dispensed with.
5) Non-destructive emminution NDE
The manufacturers shall have at their disposal
qualified welders, welding operators and welding
inspectors. Testing and approval of welders and
welding operators shall be in accordance with
The specimen shall meet the requirements of
EN 25817 Level B.
6) V h a l emminution
A
EN 287, Parts 1 and 2, as applicable.
The requirements of EN 25817 Level B shall be
The testing and approval shall be carried out by an met.
approved inspection body.
8.2.2 Welded joints on aluminium
The following requirements shall be satisfied when
8 Qualification of welding procedures testing the specimen for the welding procedure
8.1 Conduct of tests qualification tests.
1) 7ènsik test tmzsverse to weld
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Manufacturers of welded pressure vessels shali
provide the approved inspection body with Rnsile strength shall not be less than the
evidence that they are fully capable of using the minimum prescribed in the base metal
welding procedure applied and they shall do this in specification.
the form of a welding procedure qualification test 2) Bend test
adapted to the manufacturing procedure.
The specimen shall be bent to 180° over a
The suitability of the welding procedure shall be mandrel
established in accordance with EN 288 : Part 1 :
clause 6.6 by means of welding procedure - of diameter 2a for material group 21 of
qualification tests, for steel according to EN 288, EN 288 : Part 4;
Part 3 and for aluminium and aluminium alloys - of diameter 4a for material group 22 of
according to EN 288, Part 4. EN 288 : Part 4 where a is the wall thickness.
The testing and approval shall be carried out by an The specimen shall not reveal open defects in
approved inspection body. any direction greater than 3 mm.
8.2 Requirements 3) Non-destructive emminution NDE
The specimen shall meet the requirements of
8.2.1 Welded joints on steel IS0 10042 Level B.
The following requirements shall be satisfied when 4) Vikuul emminution
testing the specimen for the welding procedure
qualification tests. The requirements of IS0 10042 Level B shall be
met.
1) Ilrnsile test transverse to weld
Tensile strength shall not be less than the
minimum prescribed in the base metal 9 Resistance to corrosion
specification. Vessels shall, bearing in mind their prescribed use,
2) Notch bar impact test be adequately protected against corrosion.
The specimen shall be taken from the middle of 9.1 Steel vessels
the weld metal for materials with thicknesses Steel vessels are adequately protected against
greater than 5 mm. corrosion if a reliable and durable protection
The impact energy KV must be equal to or against corrosion is present inside and outside,
greater than 28 J at the minimum working which shall be tested according to 10.5.
temperature, or at - 10 OC, whichever is lower.
9.2 Aluminium vessels
Testing is not required on materials with
thicknesses up to and including 5 mm. Neither a protection against corrosion nor a
corrosion allowance is required.
3) Bend test
The specimen shall be bent to 180° over a
mandrel of diameter 2a where a is the
wall-thickness. The specimen shall not reveal
open defects in any direction greater than 3 mm.

~~ ~ - _ _ I - - -
BSI BS*EN*286: PART*¡? O 3 m 3 6 2 4 6 6 7 0333734 200 m _ -
Page 27
EN 2862 : 1992
10.3 Tests to be carried out during manufacture

10.3.1 General requirement
All production vessels shall have 100 % visual
examination. For acceptance levels of profile
defects in butt welds see table 7.
10.3.2 Vessels designed by the calculation
method
10.3.2.1 Bsts to be carried out during
manufacture consist, at the choice of the
manufacturer, either of tests of the welds in
accordance with 10.3.2.2, or of burst tests in
accordance with 10.3.2.3.
10.3.2.2 Bst of welds to be conducted by the
manufacturer's inspector or inspection body are
detailed in tables 8 to 11.
PS . V Tests and certificates Remarks It is understood that the amount of testing
(bar.1) specified in tables 8 to 11is that required for each
> 50 Certificate of adequacy see annex welder or operator without change of welder
d 1500 or type examination C.2 or D qualification or welding procedure.
The calculation coefficient K, depends on the type
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
respectively
of welding (automatic or non automatic) and the
ratio PfPS.
When a manual root run is completed by automatic
welding process the calculation coefficient K, = 1
shall be used. The manual root shall be taken back
to sound metal before the automatic welding
process is carried out.
Condition of acceptance: If any portion of a weld
has been repaired, the whole area of the repair
shall be checked by NM'. if any weld fails, all
welds shall be NDT-tested on all vessels produced
since start of the production period or since the
last accepted NDT or since the last accepted M'.
For radiographic levels of defects in butt welds of
the steel vessels see table 12. The radiographic
examination shall be performed in accordance with
IS0 1106 : Part 1 or 3. The density of the film shall
correspond to class B with a minimum density of 2
and a maximum density of 4.
PS . v Tests and Certificates Remarks

[bar. i)
> 50 Declaration of see annex
5 200 conformity or B or A
verification respectively
> 200 Declaration of see annex
5 1500 conformity and B or A
surveillance or respectively
verification

Page 28
EN 286-2 : 1992
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1 a b l e 7. Acceptance levels of profile defects in butt welds detected by visual examination I

! Defect EN 26620 Acceptance limit
reference
._ -.
-.
1,ack of Denetration
I-_
402 -1 Not permitted ~
I Indercut 5011 Slight and intermittent permitted provided not sharp

5012 and does not exceed 0.5 mm depth
Shrinkage groove 5013 As undercut
Root concavity ~
515 I As undercut I
Excessive penetration 504 ~ 13 mm maximum
Excess weld metal 502 1 3 mm maximum
Irregular surfaces 5 14 Reinforcement to be of continuous and regular shape
609 with complete filling of groove
511
513
517
.-
Overlap 506 I Not permitted

. Linear misalignment (surface) 507 I See 6.2.2

____
BSI BS*EN*286: PART*Z ~ I I 3624669 0333736 083 _ -
Page 29
EN 286-2 : 1992
ïhble 8. Amount of testing required for welds made by automatic welding where
P 2 PS;Kc = 1.01)2)
k s t i n g by the manufacturer Verification by the approved
inspection body when required
k s t s on: NIYr IIYT Verification UI?
___~____
Each vessel 100 % visual inspection I- One test plate per batch of
Each welding After any new setting longitudinal welds
nachine, each or
weld procedure Tests: See 10.3.2.2 and
md each welder
/\ annexes A to E
1 film with a minimum 1coupon plate as an

length of 200 mm of the extension from the first
longitudinal weld longitudinal weld In the case of
circumferential welds,
made with a different
procedure, one test
coupon per batch, same
/\ tests as for longitudinal
welds
1film with a minimum 1 coupon plate as an
length of 200 mm of the extension from the first
longitudinal weld including longitudinal weld for
at least one T junction for 200 vessels manufactured
100 vessels but not less
than 1 film per day. In the
case of circumferential
welds made with different
welding procedures, also
when only circumferential
welds are used, the same
tests as for longitudinal
welds but at the rate of
1 film per 500 vessels or at
least one per week
l)It is advisable to take checks on welds that are produced after a halt in production.
!)When two hemispherical ends are welded together without a straight flange, the weld is to be tested as a longitudinal weld.
ïhble 9. Amount of testing required for welds made by non-automatic melding where
P 2 PS; Kc = 1,15ll2)
Testing by the manufacturer Verification by the approved
&sts on: m Im Verification IYT I
Each vessel 100 % visual inspection I- One test plate per batch of
Each welding During manufacture longitudinal welds
machine, each and
weld procedure Tests: See 10.3.2.2 and
and each welder /\ annexes A to E
1 film taken every 20 m of 1 coupon plate

I
longitudinal weld covering representing every 40 m o1
100 %! of the longitudinal longitudinal weld Circumferential welds - I
weld of one vessel none I
''It is advisable to take
i
"When two hemispherical ends are welded together without a straight flange, the weld is to be tested as a longitiidinal weld.
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- -- - - - _ _ -_
= Lb24667
~
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BSI BS*EN*286: PART*Z OL 0331717 T L T - -

Page 30
EN 286-2: 1992
Thble 10. Alternative amount of testing required for welds made by automatic welding when
P 2 1,25 PS (only for shells); K, = 1,0i)2)
Testing by the manufacturer lererification by the approved
nspection body when required
Tests on: m IDT leritïcation Vi'
Each vessel 100 % visual inspection - I hngitudinal welds
' one test coupon per
Each welding After any new setting
machine, each or latch.
weld procedure Xrcumferential welds - if
and each welder /\ welding procedure is
iifferent coupon plates
1 film with a minimum 1 coupon plate as an
extension from the first representative of the weld
length of 200 mm of the ?rocedure and the welds
londtudinal weld longitudinal weld jeing produced.
During manufacture one of the following options:
Option 1 'Spot visual examination
and if welds)
J\
1 film taken every 1000 m 1 coupon plate
of longitudinal weld of one representing every 2000 m
vessel of longitudinal weld
Opt in 2
or
1 film every 500 m of 1 coupon plate

longitudinal weld representing every 500 m
of longitudinal weld
1)Itis advisable to take checks on welds that are produced after a halt in production.
"When two hemispherical ends are welded together without a straight flange, the weld is to be tested as a longitudinal weld.
a b l e 11. Alternative amount of testing required for welds made by non-automatic welding when
P 1 1,25 PS (only for shells); Kc = 1,16i)2)
Testing by the manufacturer verification by the approved
Tests on: NDT DT Verification ïW
Each vessel 100 % visual inmection - Longitudinal welds - one
Each welding During manufacture test coupon per batch
machine, each or (with only macro test)
weld procedure
and each welder /\ Circumferential
welds-none.
1 film taken every 60 m of 1 coupon plate
longitudinal weld covering representing every 60 m
100 % of the longitudinal of longitudinal weld with
weld of one vessel a minimum of 1 coupon
plate per week
I)It is advisable to take checks on welds that are produced after a halt in production.
2)When two hemispherical ends are welded together without a straight flange, the weld is to be tested as a longitudinal weld.
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B S I BS*EN*286:
-
PART*E! O3
-
= 3624669 0 3 3 3 7 3 ô 956
-- -
_ -
Page 31
EN 286-2 : 1992
~~
'Ihble 12. Acceptance levels of defects in butt welds detected by radiographic examination
Defect EN 26620 Acceptance iimit
reference
Not permitted
Porosity (Isolated and grouped) 2011 Individual diameter e14, but not more than 2 mm,
2013 for a 2 % projected area maximum1)
2017
Porosity (Uniformly distributed) 2012 Individual diameter e14 but not more than 2 mm for
a 2 % prciected area maximum1)
Porosity (Linear) 2014 Check for lack of fusion before accepting. Othenvise
as 2011/2012/2013
Crater pipes 2024 Not permitted
Slag and flux inclusions and 3011 Individual length maximum e/3
elongated cavities (individual and 3021
parallel to weld axis) 2015 Summation of length = e max. in 12e length if
separation < 6 x longest defect
Slag and flux inclusions and 3012 Individual length maximum e/3
wormholes (random not parallel to 3013
weld axis) 3022
3023
2016
Tungsten inclusions I3041 As porosity
Copper inclusions 3042 Not permitted
Lack of fusion (side, root or 401 Not permitted
inter-run)
')Area = maximum length of weld affected x local width of weld.
The following production DT shall be carried out For the tensile test, the tensile strength shall not
during production on test coupon plates be less than the specified minimum value of the
(containing welds) by the manufacturer, the test parent metal specifications. For the bend test, the
coupon plates being taken from the running crack length after testing shall not reveal any open
production: defects in any direction greater than 3 nun.
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- one face bend test (see IS0 5173); For the macro test, the etched surface of the macro
- one root bend test (see IS0 5173); test specimen, viewed macroscopically, must
- one macro test; display the image of a well-performed welded joint
with sufficient penetration, free from inclusions of
- impact test at service temperature only for any importance or from other defects. For the
service temperatures colder than - 10 OC and all impact test, see 4.1.1.
thickness above 5 mm and only in the case of
steels vessels; If, in the calculation of cylindrical sheik, a design
/1\ - three Charpy 'V' notch (.EN 10045-1) on weld
material;
pressure, P, of at least 1,25 times the maximum
working pressure, PS, is used the amount of testing
in tables 10 and 11 suffices.
- three Charpy 'V' notch (EN 10045-1 ) in the
A HAZ only on the first test coupon per batch in
case of verification, and on two test coupons per
batch in case of declaration of conformity.
10.3.2.3 Burst tests (instead of tests of the welds)
to be conducted by the manufacturer's inspector
are to be performed as prescribed for vessels
designed by the experimental method in 10.3.3.2
The following verification tests shall be carried out to 10.3.3.6 except 10.3.3.3.
and performed by the approved inspection body, Additionally a prototype-burst test shall be
see last column of tables 8 to 11. performed as described in 5.2.3.
- one transverse reduced tensile test (see
IS0 4136);
- one macro test.

Page 32
EN 286-2 : 1992
10.3.3 Vessels designed by the experimental Every vessel which fails the pressure test shall be
method rejected, Repair of such vessels is permissible, but
in these cases the pressure test shall be repeated.
10.3.3.1 %sts to be carried out during
manufacture consist of a hydraulic pressure test If compressed air is used for the pressure test,
followed by a burst test as follows. precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety of
personnel in the vicinity.
10.3.3.2 Number of samples: 1 sample per WARNING NOTE. It should be borne in mind that
1000 vessels of the same subfamily and of the same
pneumatic testing is potentially a much more
type of filler material with guaranteed chemical
properties. dangerous operation than hydraulic testing; in fact
that, irrespective of vessel size, any failure during
Alternatively, the manufacturer shall select one test is likely to be of a highly explosive nature. It
vessel at the beginning of the day, one at the end should, therefore, only be undertaken after
of the day, and one at any re-adjustment (including consultation with the inspection authority and
changes of consumables, i.e. a new batch of after ensuring that the safety measures taken
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material) and in the case of non-automatic comply with relevant legislation.
welding, at least one per welder/operator per day.
10.6 Test of the protection against corrosion
10.3.3.3 Amount of the pressure and condition for
the permanent deformation: pressure five times the 10.5.1 Test samples
maximum working pressure, deformation not For the purposes of the following described tests, a
greater than 1 %. vessel typical of those to be produced is divided up
1 % does not apply in the case of aluminium into four parts (samples), which comprise 50 % of
vessels. an end and 25 % of the cylindrical shell.
10.3.3.4 Amount of the pressure at which rupture This test is to be carried out once per
occurs: the pressure shall not be less than five 10 O00 vessels or per six months, whichever comes
times the maximum working pressure. first, or when changing the coating procedure
(type of material, method of application,
10.3.3.5 Evaluation after rupture: no parts shall processing etc.)
become detached, nor splinters projected when the
wall of the pressure vessel ruptures and rupture A reliable and enduring protection against
shall not originate in any weld. corrosion according to 9.1 is present if the
following requirements are met with the four
10.3.3.6 Requirements when sample fails with samples.
deformation test or with burst test: two other
samples are to be tested; if one or both of these 10.6.2 Grid test of paints
samples fail then the whole batch is to be rejected The apparatus, procedure to be used and
unless the cause of the failure can be determined evaluation of the grid test see IS0 2409,
and all necessary steps can be taken to restore sections 2, 6 (except for 5.1.1 and 5.1.2) and 6.
confoimity of the product. The surface of the sample shall accord to the
10.4 Pressure test classification 0 or 1 of the IS0 2409, 6.1.
Each vessel shall undergo a pressure test, either 10.5.3 Salt spray test
hydraulic or pneumatic. The test solution, apparatus, method of exposure
For a hydrostatic test, the p h shall be the value and procedure to be used shall be in accordance
given by the following equation: with IS0 7253 : 1984, clauses 3, 4, 7 and 8.
The samples shall be stored in the open air for
Ph = 1,5 PS minimum 72 h until the paint is fully hardened and
then be subjected to the salt spray test for a period
of 96 h.
Subject to agreement of the approved inspection
body, a pneumatic test on each vessel may be After completion of the salt spray test, the samples
performed using the value Ph above. shall be gently washed or dipped in clean running
water not warmer than 38 O C to remove sait
The test pressure shall be held at the specified deposits from their surface, and then immediately
value long enough to allow all the surfaces and dried. Drying shall be accomplished with a stream
joints to be examined visually. The vessel shall not of clean, compressed air.
show any sign of plastic deformation or leakage.
Methods other than visual examination of surfaces
and joints are permissible. For checking vessels for
leakage when using a pneumatic test, the pressure
may be reduced to 1,0 PS with the agreement of
the approved inspection body.
'1 I
BSI BS*EN*28b: P A R T * i O3 W 3624bbï 0333720 504 W , = _
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Page 33
EN 286-2: 1992
A careful and immediate examination shall be Determine the frequency of the corrosion spots as a
made for the extent of corrosion of the dry test percentage, from the expression
samples. The following acceptance parameters
apply: m
a) signs of blistering, and loss of adhesion of frequency = 100 -
N
coatings are not allowed;
b) corrosion spots not exceeding 1mm diameter
at a frequency not exceeding 1 % shall be An illustration of a 1 % frequency is shown in
allowed. figure 9.
Edges or areas damaged in sample preparation,
purposely unpainted areas such as threads and 11 Marking
areas purposely damaged by the grid test The vessel or data plate shall bear at least the
(see 10.6.2)shall be disregarded in the corrosion following information:
evaluation.
- the maximum working pressure; PS in bar
For the purposes of assessing the frequency of - the maximum working temperature; Tma.
corrosion spots, divide the area of the sample into
significant surface areas not less than 5000 mm2 in oc
each. Divide the area of the significant surface of - the minimum working temperature; Tmh.in O C
the sample hypothetically into squares of 5 mm - the capacity of the vessel; V in litres
side. This is easily done by placing a graticule made - the name or mark of the manufacturer;
of fuily flexible transparent plastics material, on
the sample so as to cover the most corroded area. - the type and serial or batch identification
(Le. number, which shall be unique) of the vessel
Count the number Nof 5 mm squares in the and year of manufacture;
significant area of the sample and the number m of
such squares containing one or more corrosion - the number and date of this standard,
spots. i.e EN 286-2 : 1992.
When evaluating the sample, squares more than Where a data plate is used, it shall be
half occupied by the sample shall be counted as full corrosion-resistant and be so designed that it
squares; those less than half occupied shall be cannot be reused and shall include a vacant space
ignored. to enable other information to be provided.
NUE.Vessels complying with the EEC Directive 87/404have
If a spot appears to lie in more than one square it t o bear additionally the CE mark provided for in Article 16 of
shall be counted only once in the evaluation. the Directive.
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
area 5000 mm*
Figure 9. Illustration of a 1 % frequency of corrosion spots

Page 34
EN 286-2 : 1992
12 Documentation to accompany the

vessel
The documentation to be presented to the user or
first buyer shall include:
a) Information that the vessel:
- is only for use as a storage reservoir on air
brake and auxiliary systems on motor vehicles
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
and their trailers, intended to contain only
compressed air;
- complies with EN 286-2.
b) Particulars given on the vessel including the
identification number.
c) Declaration of conformity if applicable.
d) Approval number.
e) Installation requirements referring to:
- fitting the vessel
- draining the vessel or means of preventing
build up of condensate.
f) Maintenance requirements.
g) Information that there shall be no welding
operation or heat treatment on pressurized parts
of the vessel.
The documentation shall be in the official language
or languages of the user or first buyer.
The requirements on the documentation may be
simplified when the reservoirs are delivered in
batches.

-~~
- __ -- __ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ .
I BSI BS*EN*286: P A R T * Z O 1 W 1624669 0333722 387 W

Page 35
_ _
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
Annex A (normative) A.2.3 Destructive testing

Destructive testing as required by the final column
Verification of tables 8 to 11and 10.3 shall be witnessed by the
A . l General approved inspection body and the results certified.
Verification shall be performed by an inspection A.2.4 Non-destructive testing
body on batches of vessels submitted by their Non-destructive testing of butt weld seams as
manufacturer or by his authorized representative. required by 10.3.2.2 shall be checked by the
Batches shall be accompanied by the approved inspection body. This includes spot
type-examination certificate (see annex D) or by checks of films. If the films are not available, spot
the certificate of approval of the design and shall be performed according to tables 8 to Il.
manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy)
(see annex C).
When a batch is examined, the inspection body
Annex B (normative)
shall ensure that the vessels have been Declaration of conformity -
manufactured and checked in accordance with the Surveillance
design and manufacturing schedule and shall
perform a hydrostatic test or, subject to the B . l General
agreement of the inspection body, a pneumatic test B. 1.1Declaration of conformity
on each vessel in the batch at a pressure P h equal
to 1,5 times the vessel’s maximum working Vessels in accordance with this standard whose
pressure. Moreover, the inspection body shall carry product of PS and Vexceeds 50 bar litres but
out tests on test-pieces taken from a representative which do not exceed 1500 bar litres are, at the
production test-piece or from a vessel, as the choice of the manufacturer, subject to verification,
manufacturer chooses, in order to examine weld (see annex A) or subject to the declaration of
quality. The tests shall be carried out on conformity (see 3.1.3).
longitudinal welds. However, where differing B.1.2 Surveillance
welding techniques are used for longitudinal and By the declaration of conformity, the manufacturer
circumferential welds, the tests shall be repeated becomes subject to surveillance (see 3.1.4) in the
on representative test pieces of circumferential case where the product of PS and Vexceeds
welds. 200 bar litres. The purpose of surveillance is to
A.2 Construction verification ensure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the
The approved inspection body shall perform the obligations required by this standard.
following checks and examinations. in the case of vessels manufactured in accordance
with an approved specimen, for which a type
A.2.1 Check of the manufacturing record (see examination certificate exists, surveillance shall be
annex E.) the responsibility of the approved inspection body
A.2.2 External and internal inspection, which issued this type examinatiön certificate.
dimensional check In this case of vessels not manufactured in
The inspection body shall check the identification accordance with an approved specimen,
of the vessel, e.g. the data-plate, and shall inspect surveillance shall be the responsibility of the
the vessels visually, externally and internally for approved inspection body which issued the
defects, especially the seams. certificate of approval of the design and
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The inspection shall be performed before any manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy),
permanent coatings or linings are applied. (see C.2).
The inspection body shall check dimensions of B.2 Procedures required before commencement
shells, ends, nozzles, bolts and other parts, that are of manufacture of vessels subject to a
of importance to the safety of the vessel, for declaration of conformity
conformity with the drawings. Distances important B.2.1 Responsibilities of the manufucturer
for safety (e.g. distance between nozzles) shall be
checked if considered necessary. Before commencing manufacture, the
NOTE. Xormally it is adequate if 10 % of vessels are checked manufacturer shall submit to the approved
and inspected. these to be selected by the approved inspection inspection body which issued the type examination
body. certificate or the certificate of approval of design
and manufacturing schedule, certificate of
adequacy (see annex C), a document describing the
manufacturing processes and all of the
predetermined, systematic measures taken to
ensure conformity of the vessels with this standard.
f Page 36
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
This document shall include the design and B.3 Procedure required during manufacture of
manufacturing schedule and the documents vessels subject t o a declaration of conformity
referred to in B.2.1.1 to B.2.1.5.
B.3.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall appoint a management
The manufacturer shall ensure that the inspection
representative who, irrespective of other and testing is carried out in accordance with the
responsibilities, shall have independent authority
and responsibility for ensuring that the documented procedures to complete the evidence
requirements of this standard are implemented and of fuli conformance of the vessel to this standard.
maintained. The inspection and test status of vessels shall be
identified by using markings, authorized stamps,
B.2.1.1 A description of the means of tags, labels, inspection records, physical location or
manufacture and inspection appropriate to the other suitable means which indicate conformance
construction of the vessels. or non-conformance of vessels with regard to
inspection and tests performed. Records shall
B.2.1.2 An inspection document describing the identify the inspection authority responsible for the
appropriate examinations and tests to be carried release of conforming vessels.
out during manufacture together with the
procedures thereof and the frequency with which The manufacturer shall maintain control of vessels
they are to be performed. that do not conform to the requirements of this
standard. All non-conforming vessels shall be
B.2.1.3 An undertaking to carry out the clearly identified and segregated, to prevent
examinations and tests in accordance with the unauthorized use, delivery or mixing with
inspection document referred to above and to have conformity vessels.
a hydrostatic test carried out on each vessel in Repaired or reworked vessels shall be reinspected
accordance with this standard. in accordance with documented procedures.
B.2.1.4 The addresses of the places of B.3.2 Responsibilities of the approved
manufacture and storage and the date on which inspection bodies
manufacture is to commence.
For vessels whose product of PS and Vexceeds
B.2.1.6 In addition, when the product of PS 200 bar litres, the inspection body responsible for
and Vexceeds 200 bar litres, the manufacturer surveillance shall, during fabrication:
shall authorize access to the said places of a) ensure that the manufacturer manufactures
manufacture or storage by the body responsible for and checks the vessels in accordance with the
the surveillance, for inspection purposes, and allow documents described in B.2.1;
that body to select sample vessels and provide it
with all necessary information and in particular: b) take random samples - two at each visit (see
also B.3.4.2) - at the place of manufacture or
- the design and manufacturing schedule; storage of vessels for inspection purposes as
- the inspection report; given in B.3.3 and B.3.4.
- the type examination certificate or certificate B.3.3 Frequency of inspection bodg operation
of adequacy, where appropriate;
Initial operation a) and b) of B.3.2 shall be carried
- a report on the examinations and tests carried
out within 2 months of the commencement of
out. manufacture and, afterwards, random checks will
B.2.2 Responsibilities of the approved be made at the normal rate of one visit per year if
inspection bodies the rate of production of vessels of the same type
The inspection body responsible for the is up to 3000/year and twice if production is more
surveillance shall examine the documents referred than 6OOO/year. For production quantities between
to in B.2.1.1 and B.2.1.3 in order to check their these, the rate of visit will be adjusted accordingly.
conformity with the requirements of this standard B.3.4 Surveillance check and tests
and with: l% ensure that the manufacturer produces and
a) the conditions stated in the design and checks vessels subject to the declaration of
manufacturing approval certificates; or conformity in accordance with this standard, the
b) the design and manufacturing record and the inspection body responsible for the surveillance
conditions stated in the type examination shall perform the following checks, inspections,
certificate. examinations and tests.
Manufacturing cannot commence before the
approved inspection body has issued written
approval of this document.
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BSI B S * E N * 2 8 6 : PARTS2 OL Lb24669 0333724 L5T - -
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EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
B.3.4.1 Check of the design and manufacturing C.2 Approval of design and manufacturing
record, the inspection report and the report on the schedule (certificate of adequacy)
examinations and tests carried out, in particular If vessels are not manufactured on the basis of a
with respect to completeness, consistency, validity type examination certificate, the manufacturer or
of certificates, qualification of personnel, etc. his authorized representative shall submit to an
B.3.4.2 The inspection body shall select at random approved inspection body an application for design
at least two vessels in such a manner that at least approval and enclose three copies of this design
one vessel per family is selected per year. On these and manufacturing schedule (see C. 1).
vessels it shali perform an external and internal Various vessels or vessel families can be included in
inspection, a dimensional check, a non-destructive one design and manufacturing schedule, but all
test of all butt welds (radiographic examination) vessel details (including branches, bosses and
and a hydrostatic test (see A.1). attachments) of the production envisaged shall be
If the burst test is selected as the production test included.
method in the type approval submission, the The approved inspection body shall examine these
approved inspection body shall perform tests in documents in order to check the conformity of the
accordance with 10.3.2.3 instead of the design, of the required tests, and of the
--```,`,,```,,,`,``,,,,`,,`,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
non-destructive test. qualifications with the requirements of this
standard. If they are in agreement with the
B.3.4.3 The inspection body shall make available requirements of this standard the approved
to the manufacturer a copy of the surveillance inspection body shall issue a certificate of adequacy
report that has been prepared. which shall be forwarded to the applicant.
Annex C (normative) Annex D (normative)
Design and manufacturing schedules Type examination
C.l Content Type examination is the procedure by which an
The design and manufacturing schedules shall approved inspection body ascertains and certifies
contain the name of the manufacturer and the that a prototype vessel satisfies the provisions of
place of manufacture and shall give the following this Part of this standard. The manufacturer or his
information: authorized representative shall submit to an
- a detailed manufacturing drawing of the vessel approved inspection body an application for type
examination.
type;
- the instructions; The application shall include three copies of the
design and manufacturing schedule (see annex C)
- a document describing: and a prototype vessel which is representative of
a) the materials selected; the production envisaged.
b) the welding processes used; If the application is lodged for various vessels, a
c) the checks to be carried out; prototype vessel is required for each vessel type.
d) any pertinent details as to the vessel design Various vessels or vessel types can be included in
including the design pressure; one design and manufacturing schedule, but all
e) the certificates relating to the suitable vessel details (including branches, bosses and
qualification of the welding procedures and of attachments) of the production envisaged shall be
included.
the welders or operators;
The approved inspection body shall examine the
f) if the Certificates for the welding
documents in order to check the conformity of
procedures, welders or operators are not design, qualifications and the proposal tests with
available, this shall not prevent the approved
body from evaluating the other documents. the requirements of this standard.
However, they shall be submitted before The approved inspection body shall also verify that
approval is given or manufacturing the vessel has been manufactured in confoimity
commences; with the design and manufacturing schedule and is
representative of the type, and perform
g) the inspection slips for the materials used
for the manufacture of parts and assemblies appropriate examinations and tests (including
100 % NM'of main seams and a hydrostatic test) to
contributing to the strength of the pressure check that the vessel complies with the
vessel or a specimen of these inspection slips;
requirements of this standard.
h) a specimen of the proposed report on
examination and tests.

-1 Page 38
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
B S I BS*EN*E!db: P A R T 8 2 O3 = 3b2Ybbî 0333725 0 î b W - -.
If the design and manufacturing schedule and the n) the date of the hydrostatic test signed by the
prototype(s) comply with the provisions of this part manufacturer's inspector and, in the case of
of this standard, the approved inspection body shall verification, by the inspector from the approved
draw up a type-examination certificate (per vessel inspection body.
type) which shall be forwarded to the applicant.
The certificate shall state the conclusions of the E.3 Records
examination, indicate any conditions to which its Records shall contain information required by E. 1
issue may be subject and be accompanied by the and E.2 in such a way as to allow traceability. For
descriptions and drawings necessary for the purposes of traceability, records shall be
identification of the approved prototype. maintained of the vessel numberkustomer. Records
NCYi'E. Q p e examination according to the procedures of this shall be kept for at least 10 years.
annex is also applicable for vessels which do not comply
completely with ali the requirements of clauses 1 to 10 of this Annex F (normative)
standard. In this case the general safety requirements laid
down in annex G have to be taken into account. KV requirements on plate and strip
materials (steel)
Annex E (normative) The compliance to the essential safety
Content of the manufacturing record requirements quoted in annex G regarding the
The manufacturing record for vesseis shall contain average failure energy KV at the minimum working
(at least) the following information. temperature may be checked by the use of the
graph shown below.
E. 1 General information From the value of the temperature T* at which the
a) the name or mark of the manufacturer; value K7r 2 28 J is guaranteed for the longitudinal
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b) the place of manufacture; test piece, it is possible to assume the minimum

c) the qualification certificates for the welding working temperature at which the average failure
procedures and the welders or welding operators; energy is not less than 28 J for a given thickness
(see following examples) to meet the essential
d) the reports of the examinations and tests requirements of annex G.
performed, or descriptions of the proposed
verifications. A value of KVequal to 27 J for a transverse test
piece is considered as equivalent to a value of KV
E.2 Specific information equal to 28 J for a longitudinal test piece.
a) the identification codes of the vessels specific
to the manufacturer (example No.. .. to.. ..); Emrnple 1: material PH 235 (EN 10028)
b) the type approval number or the certificate of T* = o o c
adequacy; if e = 6,5 mm 'Imin. = -30 O C
c) the diameter of the vessels;
d) the volume of the vessels; Emrnple 2: material Fe 360 D1 (EN 10025)
e) the maximum working pressure;
r* = -2ooc
f) the maximum working temperature;
if e = 4mm = -55 O C
g) the minimum working temperature, if below
- 10 oc;
h) the test pressure;
j) the drawing number(s);
k) the date of manufacture;
1) the size of the batch;
m) the inspection documents for the materials
used in the manufacture of main pressurized
parts;
for parts, other than shells and ends with
diameters not exceeding 250 mm, a declaration
by the manufacturer stating that only materials
complying with the required documents have
been used, is acceptable;

- -- -- I
BSI B S * E N * 2 8 6 : PART*2 QL 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331726 T22 _ -
Page 39
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
U U U U
e e e a
0 O O O
4 N U (v U
e
+ + O I I
* II
I-
*I-
II
*I-
lí
*c II
* I-
II
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--- - - _--_
B S I BS*EN*2B6: PART*¡? O 1 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331727 9 6 9 - -
i’
Page40
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
Annex G (informative) The inspection slip is the document by which the

producer certifies that the products delivered meet
Essential safety requirements given in the requirements of the order and in which he sets
Directive 87/404/EEC out the results of the routine in-plant inspection
test, in particular chemical composition and
G . l General mechanical characteristics, performed on products
This annex gives general requirements for any made by the same production process as the
welded simple pressure vessel manufactured in supply, but not necessarily on products delivered.
series and having:
6.2.1.1Steel vessels
a) a cylindrical part of circular cross section
closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends Non-alloy quality steels shall meet the following
which revolve around the same axis as the requirements:
cylindrical part; a) be non-effervescent steels and be supplied
b) two outwardly dished ends revolving around after normalization treatment, or in an
the same axis. equivalent state;
It applies to vessels which are intended to contain b) the carbon content per product shali be less
air or nitrogen which are not intended to be fired than 0,25 %, and that of sulfur and phosphorus
and which operate within the following shall each be less than 0,05 %;
constraints: c) they shall have the following mechanical
a) subjected to an internal gauge pressure greater properties per product:
than 0,5 bar; - the maximum tensile strength, R,,, max., shall
b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the be less than 580 N/mm2;
strength of the vessel under pressure shall be - the elongation after rupture shall be:
made either of non-alloy quality steel or of 1) on test pieces taken parallel to the
non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening direction of rolling:
aluminium alloys; thickness 2 3 mm: A 2 22 %
c) maximum working pressure 30 bar, and the thickness < 3 mm: Aso mm 1 17 %
product of that pressure and the capacity of the
vessel (PS.V) is greater than 50 bar litres and not 2) on test pieces taken perpendicular to the
exceeding 10 O00 bar litres; direction of rolling:
d) minimum working temperature - 50 O C and thickness $. 3 mm: A 2 20 %
maximum working temperature not higher than thickness < 3 mm: Aso mm 1 15 %
300 OC for steel vessels and 100 O C for - the mean impact strength, KCV; determined
aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels. on 3 longitudinal test pieces at minimum
It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for working temperature, shall be not less than
nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for 35 J/cm2. Not more than one of the three
installation in or the propulsion of ships and values may be less than 35 J/cm2, with a
aircraft, or to fire extinguishers. minimum of 25 J/cm2.
6 . 2 Materials In the case of steels used in the manufacture
of vessels whose minimum working
6.2.1 Pressurized parts temperature is lower than - 10 OC and whose
The material referred to in G . l used for wall thickness exceeds 5 mm, this property
manufacturing the pressurized parts shall be: shall be checked.
a) capable of being welded by appropriate
welding processes;
b) ductile and tough, so that rupture at minimum
working temperature does not give rise to either
fragmentation or brittle type fracture;
c) not adversely affected by ageing.
They shall also comply with the special provisions
in 6.2.1.1 to 6.2.1.2 and shall be accompanied by
an inspection slip drawn up by the producer of the
material.
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Page 41
EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
6.2.1.2 Aluminium vessels The manufacturer shall also take account of the
Non-ailoy aluminium shall have an aluminium following provisions:
content of at least 99,5 % and - it shall be possible to inspect the inside of
aluminium/magnesium alloy shall display adequate vessels;
resistance to intercrystalline corrosion. The - it shall be possible to drain the vessels;
materials shall be supplied in an annealed state. - the mechanical qualities shall be maintained
They shail have the following mechanical throughout the period of use of the vessel for the
properties per product: intended purpose;
- the maximum tensile strength, R shall be - the vessels shall, bearing in mind their
not more than 350 N/mm2; prescribed use, be adequately protected against
- the elongation after rupture shall be: corrosion,
A 2 16 % if the test piece is taken parallel to and the fact that under the conditions of use
the direction of rolling; envisaged:
A L 14 % if the test piece is taken - the vessels wiü not be subjected to stresses
perpendicular to the direction of rolling. likely to impair their safety in use;
6.2.2 Welding materiais - internal pressure will not permanently exceed
the maximum working pressure PS; however, it
The welding materials used to manufacture the may momentarily do so by up to 10 %.
welds on or of the vessel shall be appropriate to
and compatible with the materials to be welded. Circumferential and longitudinal seams shall be
made using full penetration welds or welds of
6.2.3 Accessories contributing towards the equivalent effectiveness. Convex ends other than
strength of the vessel hemispherical ones shall have a cylindrical edge.
These accessories (e.g. bolts and nuts etc.) shall be 6.3.2 Wall thickness
made of a material specified in 6.2.1 or of other
kinds of steel, aluminium or an appropriate 6.3.2.1 Gerwal
aluminium alloy compatible with materials used for If the product PS. V is not more than 3 O00 bar
the manufacture of pressurized parts. litres, the manufacturer shall select one of the
The latter materials shall, at minimum working methods described in 6.3.2.2 and 6.3.2.3 for
temperature, have appropriate rupture elongation determining vessel wall thickness. If the product of
and toughness. PS and V i s more than 3 O00 bar litres, or if the
maximum working temperature exceeds 100 O C ,
6.2.4 Non-pressurized parts such thickness shall be determined by the method
All non-pressurized parts of welded vessels shall be described in 6.3.2.2.
of materials which are compatible with that of the The actual wall thickness of the cylindrical section
components to which they are welded. and ends shall, however, be not less than 2 mm in
6 . 3 Vessel design the case of steel vessels and not less than 3 mm in
the case of aluminium or aluminium alloy vessels.
6.3.1 General
The manufacturer shall, when designing the vessel, 6.3.2.2 Calculation method
define the use to which it will be put and select: The minimum thickness of pressurized parts shall
- the minimum working temperature, Tmin,; be calculated having regard to the intensity of the
stresses and to the following provisions:
- the maximum working temperature, Tm&
- the calculation pressure to be taken into
- the maximum working pressure, PS. account shall not be less than the maximum
However, should a minimum working temperature working pressure selected;
exceeding - 10 OC be selected, the qualities - the permissible general membrane stress shall
required of the material shall be satisfied at not exceed the lower of the values 0,6 re^
- 10 o c . or 0.3 R,. The manufacturer shall use the re^
and R, minimum values guaranteed by the
material manufacturer in order to determine the
permissible stress.
However, where the cylindrical portion of the
vessel has one or more longitudinal welds made
using a non-automatic welding process, the
thickness calculated as above shall be multiplied by
the coefficient 1,15.
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1 Page 42
i EN 286 : Part 2 : 1992
6.3.2.3 Experi-1 method 6.4.3 Welds on pressurized parts

Wall thickness shall be so determined as to enable The characteristics of welds and adjacent zones
the vessels to resist at ambient temperature a must be similar to those of the welded materials
pressure equal to at least five times the maximum and shall be free of any surface or internal defects
working pressure, with a permanent detrimental to the safety of the vessels.
circumferential deformation factor of no more than Welds must be performed by qualified welders or
1 %. operators possessing the appropriate level of
6.4 Manufacturing processes competence, in accordance with approved welding
processes. Such approval and qualification tests
6.4.1 General must be carried out by inspection bodies.
Vessels shall be constructed and subjected to The manufacturer must also, during manufacture,
production checks in accordance with the design ensure consistent weld quality by conducting
and manufacturing schedule referred to in appropriate tests using adequate procedures. These
annex C. tests must be the subject of a report.
6.4.2 Preparation of the component parts G.6 Placing in service of the vessel
Preparation of the component parts (e.g. forming Vessels shall be accompanied by the instructions
and chamfering) shall not give rise to surface drawn up by the manufacturer as referred to in
defects or cracks or changes in the mechanical clause 12 of this standard.
characteristics likely to be detrimental to the safety
of the vessels.
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- ~- -~
B S I BS*EN*286: P A R T 8 2 O 1 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 7 0331730 453 E e
BS EN 286-2 : 1992
National annex NA (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the
Pressure Vessel Standards Policy Committee (PVE/-) to Echnical Committee PVE/17, upon which the
following bodies were represented:
Associated Offices %chnical Committee

BEAMA Ltd.
British Compressed Air Society
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Department of Trade and Industry
(Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt))
Electricity Industry in United Kingdom
Health and Safety Executive
Independent Engineering Insurers Committee
Process Plant Association
Railway Industry Association of Great Britain
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Limited)
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46
BSI B S * E N * 2 8 6 : PART*Z O 1 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331731 39T
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BS EN 286-2 : 1992
National annex NB (informative)

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
BS EN 287 Approval testing of welders for fusion welding
EN 287-1 : 1992 Part 1 : 1992 Steels
EN287-2 : 1992 Part 2 : 1992 Aluminium and aluminium alloys
BS EN 288 Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic
materials
EN 288-1 : 1992 Part 1 : 1992 General rules for fusion welding
EN 288-2 : 1992 Part 2 : 1992 Welding procedure specification for arc welding
EN 288-3 1992 Part 3 : 1992 Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of steels
EN 288-4 : 1992 Part 4 : 1992 Welding procedure tests for arc welding of aluminium and its alloys
BS EN 10002 Ensile testing of metallic materials
EN 10002-1 : 1990 Part 1 : 1990 Method of test at ambient temperatures
EN 10025 : 1990 BS EN 10025 : 1990 Specification for hot rolled products of non-alloy structural
steels and their technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10028 Specification for flat products made of steels for pressure purposes
EN 10028-1 : 1992 Part 1 : 1992 General requirements
EN 10028-2 : 1992 Part 2 : 1992 Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature
properties
EN 10207 : 1991 BS EN 10207 : 1992 Steels for simple pressure vessels - Technical delivery
requirements for plates, strips and bars
EN 26520 : 1991 BS EN 26520 : 1992 Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with
explanations
BS 3900 Methods of test for paints
Group E. Mechanical tests on paint films
IS0 2409 : 1972 Part E6 : 1974 Cross-cut test
Group F. Durability tests on paint films
IS0 7253 : 1984 Part F12 : 1985 Determination of resistance to neutral salt spray
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BS EN
286-2 : 1992
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9211-8-0.5k-B ISBN O 680 20076 O I’VE ’I í

BSI BS*EN*286: PART*Z 01 9 3624669 033I1î33 3 6 2 W i
i
- -
AMI) 7570
Amendment No. 1
published and effective from 15 December 1992
to BS EN 286 :Part 2 : 1992
Simple uxúïred pressure
vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen
Part 2. Specification for pressure vessels for
air braking and auxiliary systems for motor
vehicles and their trailers
Corrections
AMD 7070 Clause 2 Normative references

December 1992
Delete 'IS0 148' and its title and substitute the following.
'EN10045-1Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1:Test method'

At the end of the title of Is0 4136 insert 'l)!
At the end of the title Is0 5173 insert I1)'.
Delete 'IS0 5817' and its title and substitute the following.
AMD 7070 Clause 8.2.1 Welded joints on steel

December 1992
In items 5) and 6) delete 'IS0 5817' and substitute 'EN25817'.
AMD 7070 Clause 10.3.2.2

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December 1992
In paragraph 7, in items 6 and 6 delete 'IS0148' and substitute 'EN10045-1'.
9212-0.7k-B PVW17

BS en 286-2

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3

Simple unfired pressure

The European Standard EN 286-2 : 1992 has the status of a

Copyright British Standards Institution

The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision

Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut

This British Standard, having

The following BSI references V

ISBN O 680 20076 O

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-09-28. CEN members

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050Brussels

O 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN membeis

Copyright British Standards Institution

1 Scope 2 Normative references

IS0 209-2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium 3 Definitions and symbols

Copyright British Standards Institution

3.1.10 automatic welding 3.1.17 maximum design temperatwe

Copyright British Standards Institution

3.2 Symbols e, Wail 1 ickness c 3heU contributing to

ecs Calculated wall thickness of the T Temperature O C

T’min. Minimum ambient temperature O C

4 Materials 4.3 Non-pressurized parts

strength of vessels = 20f

:')European Standard in preparation.

Copyright British Standards Institution

'Pdble 1. Aluminium materials

Copyright British Standards Institution

5.1.4.2 Calculations for hernisphmkal ends where

K, see 5.1.3. d I0,14 J(Do - e 3 ea

DO2/[4(R+ ech)] or JD, (T + e,h)/2 or h, or if

Figure la. Hemispherical end Figure lb. Ellipsoidal end

Figure IC. Torispherical end

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE. The scale is logarithmic.

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

- increased wall thickness.

")See also condition in 6.1.3.6.

Copyright British Standards Institution

- BSI BS*EN*2B6: P A R T * 2 O 1 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331703 425 W

NûTE Can also be used for bosses o the set-on type.

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

Figure Sc. Allowed types of weld joint design (flat ends/shells)

Copyright British Standards Institution

Table 4. Conditions for using weld joint design as in figure 6b

2 - tensile strength Rm to be used (only for calculation 5 360

8 - prototype test corresponding procedure of 5.2.3

Figure 6. Position of longitudinal welds of casings

Copyright British Standards Institution

6.1.3.3 A single partial penetration weld is

Copyright British Standards Institution

6.1.3.4 The maximum distance from the centre of 6.1.6 Attachments

Copyright British Standards Institution

7 Qualification of welders, welding 4) Hardness test

Copyright British Standards Institution

10.3 Tests to be carried out during manufacture

- BSI BSEN2B6: P A R T * 2 O 1 W 1 6 2 4 6 6 9 0331703 425 W

BSI BSEN286: PART*Z OL 0331717 T L T - -

I BSI BSEN286: P A R T * Z O 1 W 1624669 0333722 387 W