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Março - Junho 2011 UMA - CURSO DE GESTÃO 3
A ÁRVORE GENEALÓGICA DA ECONOMIA MERCANTILISTAS
FISIOCRATAS
Séculos
Quesnay XVII - XVIII
1758
Adam Smith
1776
ESCOLA
CLÁSSICA
David T.R.
Ricardo Malthus
1817 1798
SOCIALISMO
Karl Marx ECONOMIA
1867 J.S Mill
NEOCLÁSSICA
V. Lenin 1848
1914 Walras,
Marshall
1890
J.M. Keynes
1936
URSS Liberalismo
China
de Chicago
Economia Macro
radical Economia
Corrente das
Económica Expectativas
Março - Junho 2011 UMA - CURSO DE GESTÃO
moderna racionais 4
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Março - Junho 2011 UMA - CURSO DE GESTÃO 36
ORIGEM E PRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS DA ECONOMIA
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Março - Junho 2011 UMA - CURSO DE GESTÃO 37
ORIGEM E PRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS DA ECONOMIA
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EXEMPLO INTUITIVO: QUANTO MAIOR FOR O PREÇO DE MERCADO (DAS T-SHIRTS) , MENOR
QUANTIDADE OS CONSUMIDORES (ALUNOS DA UMA) ESTÃO DISPOSTOS A COMPRAR,
I.E. A PROCURA DESCE À MEDIDA QUE O PREÇO AUMENTA.
EXEMPLO INTUITIVO: QUANTO MAIOR FOR O PREÇO DE MERCADO (DAS T-SHIRTS), MAIOR
É A QUANTIDADE QUE OS PRODUTORES (QUE PRODUZEM/COMERCIALIZAM AS T-
SHIRTS) ESTÃO DISPOSTOS A PRODUZIR/OFERECER, I.E. A OFERTA SOBE À MEDIDA
QUE O PREÇO AUMENTA.
Março - Junho 2011 UMA - CURSO DE GESTÃO 78
B) CALCULE O PREÇO E A QUANTIDADE DE EQUILÍBRIO
PARA ACHAR O PONTO DE INTERSECÇÃO TEMOS DE CALCULAR O PAR (QE, PE) QUE
SATISFAZ SIMULTANEAMENTE AS DUAS EQUAÇÕES.
ASSIM, CALCULA-SE A VALOR PARA O PREÇO QUE SATISFAZ AS DUAS EQUAÇÕES, I.E.
IGUALA-SE QS = QD. EM SEGUIDA, SUBSTITUI-SE O VALOR RESULTANTE (PE) EM
QUALQUER DAS EQUAÇÕES PARA CALCULAR A QUANTIDADE QUE CORRESPONDE A
ESSE NÍVEL DE PREÇOS (QE).
!1560 = 1.2 P
!P=1560/1.2 !Pe=1300u.m.
Qe=?=>Qs=440+0.6Pe OU Qd=2000-0.6Pe
Excesso de procura = Qd – Qs
Excesso de oferta = Qs – Qd
! 1600 - 800 = 840 u.f. (significa que existe um excedente de 840 T-shirts no mercado)
QUANDO TEMOS ALTERAÇÕES EM ‘M’ (OU EM QUALQUER TERMO DA EQUAÇÃO QUE APAREÇA
A MULTIPLICAR/DIVIDIR POR X) TEMOS UMA ALTERAÇÃO DO DECLIVE DA RECTA.
Pe’=? =>Qd’=Qs
!1160 = 1.2 P
!P = 1160 / 1.2
Qe’=? =>Qe’=440+0.6(966.(6))
C) IMAGINE QUE OCORREU O PROBLEMA DAS VACAS LOUCAS. QUAL DAS SEGUINTES CURVAS DA
PROCURA REPRESENTA A NOVA SITUAÇÃO DE MERCADO? PORQUÊ? ENCONTRE O NOVO PONTO DE
EQUILÍBRIO.
QD= 21 000 – 500P QD= 27 000 - 500P
P’=9u.m.; Q’=137u.f.
Q = 420 – 5P Q = 20 + 15P
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