IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino

CONTENTS
 Objectives
 Components Required
 Block Diagram / Circuit Diagram
 Working Principle
 Applications
 Advantages / Disadvantages
 Results & Conclusion

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 1

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
OBJECTIVES: The main objective is to maintain the level of cleanliness in the city and
form an environment which is better for living. By using this system we can constantly
check the level of the garbage in the dustbins which are placed in various parts of the city.
If a particular dustbin has reached the maximum level then the employees can be
informed and they can immediately take certain actions to empty it as soon as
possible. The employees can check the status of these bins anytime on their computer or
mobile phones. This can prove to be a very useful system if used properly.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No Component Name Range Quantity

1. Arduino Pro Mini 3.3V – 5V 1
2. ESP8266 Serial WIFI module 2.5V-3.6V 1
3. Ultrasonic Sensor 5V 2
4. Resistors 1 KΩ 3
5. Dustbin --- 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM / CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 2

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
Arduino:

Figure 2. Arduino Uno

Arduino is an open source, PC paraphernalia and programming organization, endeavour, and

client group that plans and produce microcontroller packs for constructing programmed
devices and intelligent object that can detect and control questions in the real world.
The inception of the Arduino extend began at the Interaction Design Institute in Ivrea, Italy.
The equipment reference plans are appropriated under a Creative Commons Attribution
Share. Arduino Uno is shown in figure 1.

ESP8266 Serial to Wi-Fi:

Figure 3. ESP8266 serial to Wi-Fi module

Overview

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 3

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
Espressif’s ESP8266EX delivers highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution to meet users’
continuous demands for efficient power usage, compact design and reliable performance
in the Internet of Things industry.
With the complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking capabilities, ESP8266EX can
perform either as a standalone application or as the slave to a host MCU. When
ESP8266EX hosts the application, it promptly boots up from the flash. The integrated
highspeed cache helps to increase the system performance and optimize the system memory.
Also, ESP8266EX can be applied to any microcontroller design as a Wi-Fi adaptor through
SPI / SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces.
ESP8266EX integrates antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low noise recieve
amplifier, filters and power management modules. The compact design minimizes the PCB
size and requires minimal external circuitries.
Besides the Wi-Fi functionalities, ESP8266EX also integrates an enhanced version of
Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit processor and on-chip SRAM. It can be interfaced
with external sensors and other devices through the GPIOs. Software Development Kit
(SDK) provides sample codes for various applications.

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 4

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
Categories Items Parameters
Certification Wi-Fi Alliance
Protocols 802.11 b/g/n
Frequency Range 2.4G ~ 2.5G (2400M ~ 2483.5M)
Tx Power 802.11 b: +20 dBm
802.11 g: +17 dBm
Wi-Fi 802.11 n: +14 dBm
Rx Sensitivity 802.11 b: –91 dbm (11 Mbps)
802.11 g: –75 dbm (54 Mbps)
802.11 n: –72 dbm (MCS7)
Antenna PCB Trace, External, IPEX Connector, Ceramic
Chip
CPU Tensilica L106 32-bit processor
Peripheral Interface UART/SDIO/SPI/I2C/I2S/IR Remote Control
GPIO/ADC/PWM/LED Light & Button
Operating voltage 2.5V ~ 3.6V
Hardware
Operating current Average value: 80 mA
Operating Temperature Range –40°C ~ 125°C
Storage Temperature Range –40°C ~ 125°C
Package Size QFN32-pin (5 mm x 5 mm)
Wi-Fi Mode Station/SoftAP/SoftAP+Station
Security WPA/WPA2
Encryption WEP/TKIP/AES
Firmware Upgrade UART Download / OTA (via network)
Software
Software Development Supports Cloud Server Development / Firmware and
SDK for fast on-chip programming
Network Protocols IPv4, TCP/UDP/HTTP/FTP
User Configuration AT Instruction Set, Cloud Server, Android/iOS App

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 5

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor:

Fig. 3. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

The Ultrasonic Sensor is used to measure the distance with high accuracy and stable
readings. It can measure distance from 2cm to 400cm or from 1 inch to 13 feet. It emits an
ultrasound wave at the frequency of 40KHz in the air and if the object will come in its way
then it will bounce back to the sensor. By using that time which it takes to strike the
object and comes back, you can calculate the distance. Distance can be measured by
equation:

Distance = Time * sound speed /2. (1)

Where Time = the time between an ultrasonic wave is received and transmitted. It has
four pins. Two are VCC and GND which will be connected to the 5V and the GND of the
Arduino while the other two pins are Trig and Echo pins which will be connected to any
digital pins of the Arduino. The trig pin will send the signal and the Echo pin will be
used to receive the signal. To generate an ultrasound signal, you will have to make
the Trig pin high for about 10us which will send a 8 cycle sonic burst at the speed of
sound and after striking the object, it will be received by the Echo pin. Ultra sonic sensor as
shown in figure 3.

Table 1.1 Specifications of ESP8266

WORKING PRINCIPLE: In this IOT Project, an Ultrasonic Sensor is used for

detecting whether the trash can is filled with garbage or not. Here Ultrasonic Sensor is
installed at the top of Trash Can and will measure the distance of garbage from the top of
Trash can and we can set a threshold value according to the size of trash can. If the distance
will be less than this threshold value, means that the Trash can is full of garbage and we will
print the message “Basket is Full” on the webpage and if the distance will be more than this

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 6

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino
threshold value, then we will print the message “Basket is Empty”. Here we have set the
Threshold value of 5cm in the Program code. We will use ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for
connecting the Arduino to the webserver. Here we have used Local webserver to demonstrate
the working of this Garbage Monitoring System.

APPLICATIONS:
1. Organisations
2. Raliway/Bus Stations
3. Cities etc

ADVANTAGES:
- Saves time
- Saves fuel if implemented in cities
- Easy to use
- Comparatively cheap

DISADVANTAGES:
RESULTS & CONCLUSION:
The system can be used as a benchmark by the people who are willing to take one step
further for increasing the cleanliness in their respected areas. Ultrasonic sensor is being used
in this system to check the level of garbage in the dustbins but in future various other types of
sensors can be used with the ultrasonic sensor to get more precise output and to take this
system to another level. Now this system can be used in certain areas but as soon as it proves
its credibility it can be used in all the big areas. As this system also reduces manual work
certain changes can be done in the system to take it to another level and make it more useful
for the employees and people who are using it. In future, a team can be made which will be
in charge for handling and maintaining this system and also to take care of its maintenances.

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 7

 IOT Based Garbage Monitoring system using Arduino

Dept. of ECE, KLECET, Chikodi Page 8