Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture to be held at
3rd International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp
February 4 – 7, 2007
Belo Horizonte
Brazil
2
The Strength of a Brick Wall …a Fibre Wall
3
It is easy to destroy a loose wall,
but still have the bricks intact…
4
Pulp and Paper Technology – from scale one to
thousand million
5
Fiber and Classic Wood and
Paper Physics Organic Chemistry
One and
Multiple
Fibres
Nobody’s Land
From Nano to Milli
Origin of most Fibre Properties 6
Fibre Wall Structure
IF:
DP1000 cell-fib = 1 brick
1 fiber = 450 m x 3m x 3m “brick wall”
7
The wall may contain more or less porous
areas by nature
8
Composition Profile
• Cooking dissolves
layers differently:
• ML disappears
• Most of S1
• Almost half of S2
• Differences much
bigger in the
microfibrille level
9
The Effect of Chemical Pulping
10
Fibre Wall Structure Changes in Cooking
(T.Maloney)
FSP Fiber Saturation Point
Wood Unbleached
Chemical
Pulp
11
Strength of the Porous Fibre at the End of Cooking
Kraft
cooking
Cooling to 80°C
pulp in Black Liquor
A simple lab experiment
Washing Keep in BL
shows that the black liquor
@80°C @80°C
@10% cons. @10% cons. filled fibre is very vulnerable
12
Possible load carrying structures of
fibre wall composite
13
Single Fibre Strength as a proof of fibre
wall composite structure
Mean relative tensile rigiidity of wet spruce fibers • At very high lignin content both
cellulose and lignin layers carry
0.35 load
0.3 • Small amount lignin dissolved
weakens the lignin layer
RR (wet/50 % RH)
0.25
• Cellulose structures carry load
0.2 over a very wide delignification
0.15
range
• The fibre’s load carrying
0.1
Rayon
capasity finally collapses
0.05 • Chemically modified cellulose
structure carries less load
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
14
The Influence of Cooking Conditions on Fibre Wall Structure
Wood and
Holocellulose
Increasing Tear
Sulphite at constant
tensile;
Pulps between
Sulphite and Kraft decreasing
Kraft
beating rate
Soda E.D.A.
• Alkali cooked
fibres make strong
sheet
(J.Sundqvist)
16
How does it look inside? Fibre Wall Layers
17
How does it look inside? Fiber Wall Damage
Organized S2
”tight”
Wall Structure
Damaged
”loosened” /Joutsim o, R obertsen 2004/
Wall Structure
18
Is this all? … Secondary wall hit
19
The Origins of Fiber Damage
• S1 (transverse) layer is
like casing around
S2 layer (longitudinal)
• Damaged S1 lets
S2 to get damaged
and loosened very
early in the
process
Schematic diagram of the microfibril orientation in the primary wall and different
layers of the secondary wall in tracheids and fibers: P0, P1 outer and inner surfaces
in the primary wall, S12, S23, intermediate layers between S1 and S2 and between
S2 and S3. Modified from the model of Wardrop and Harada, 1965.
20
Eucalyptus Pulp Quality
Steps from Microfibrilles
1.The microfibrillic structure (”the brick wall”)
chances by loosening and forming macropores
2.The fibre saturation behaviour and fibre web
rheology chance, affecting a wide spectrum of
paper technical properties
• Basic measurements: WRV, FSP, pore volume,
pore size distribution
21
Symptoms in the Pulp Mills
22
Typical Quality Problems
23
The Fiber Damage Pathway
24
What to do ?
Modern Research Methods
The first thing to do is to do some own research.
How does this concern my mill, my pulp, my
customers? Where and how do a loose quality?
25
The target of the mill study is
1.To prepare reliable samples
Chips - Digester Pulp - O2 Pulp - D2 Pulp - Dry Sheets
2. To analyse the fibre line quality profile
The target of the lab study is
1. To lab cook and lab bleach to prepare the
ideal, undamaged reference pulps
2. To carry out fiber and paper physical study
• Standard SEC based lab refining and hand sheet testing
• Special sheet rheology measurements
• Special fiber physics measurements, FSP, Pore issues
26
Now we don’t have to hit our heads on fibre wall
anymore….
27
We Have Conclusions
28
We Have More Conclusions
• Eucalyptus laboratory made pulps, whether cooked by
conventional or mill-actual process, are often dramatically
better than mill pulps
• Chemistry as such does not explain observed pulp
quality
• Chemistry opens the fibre structure for physical chances,
be very cautious about reason-consequence causality
• Changing cooking chemistry without changing the
physical performance of the process has only minor
effect on pulp quality
• Changing the physical performance of cooking has
significant effect on pulp quality
• There is a huge improvement potential in the quality
efficiency of eucalyptus pulping-refining-paper value
chain
29
KEEP THE
FIBRE WALL
INTACT
GUYS !