Systems design

data guide
 Contents

Section 1
Piping system specifications

Section 2
Valve types and service specifications

Section 3
Bolted joints

Section 4
Pumps and seals

Section 5
Insulation designs to reduce fire hazard

For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,

visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

 Section 1

Piping system
specifications
1.1
General overview

1.3
Guide for selecting piping system specifications (PSS)

1.4
Copper system for use from –325º to 350ºF (–198º to 177ºC)

1.5
Class 150 stainless steel system for use from –325º to 350ºF (–198º to 177ºC)

1.7
Class 150 low-alloy steel system for use from –150º to 350ºF (–101º to 177ºC)

1.9
Class 150 impact-tested carbon steel system for use from –50º to 350ºF (–46º to 177ºC)

1.11
Class 150 carbon steel system for use from –20º to 350ºF (–29º to 177ºC)

1.13
Class 300 stainless steel system for use from –325º to 750ºF (–198º to 399ºC)

1.15
Class 300 low-alloy steel system for use from –150º to 750ºF (–101º to 399ºC)

1.17
Class 300 impact-tested carbon steel system for use from –50º to 750ºF (–46º to 399ºC)

1.19
Class 300 carbon steel system for use from –20º to 750ºF (–29º to 399ºC)
Piping system specifications

General overview Pressure class

There are several things to consider when selecting components
for piping systems, many of which are listed in this guide. The
recommended application ranges for the piping system
specifications on pages 1.5 through 1.20 are based on these
considerations. See the selection logic diagram on page 1.3.
Material degradation
A wide range of materials are suitable for use with Eastman
Therminol® heat transfer fluids. Carbon, low-alloy and stainless
steels, copper and copper alloys, and aluminum alloys are all
suitable. Flexible graphite is most commonly used for static
sealing applications. Fluoroelastomers have proven to be
suitable in the form of O-rings.
Pressure classes apply to series of flanges for operation at
certain pressure-temperature ratings as defined in ASME B16.5.
While Class 150 flanges meet the pressure-temperature
requirements for almost all Therminol fluid applications, the use
of Class 300 flanges is recommended when the operating
temperature exceeds 350°F (175°C) and when the operating
temperature range exceeds a differential of 300°F (170°C). The
recommended temperature is somewhat arbitrary, but it is
based on experience with the leak tightness of the Class 150
flanged systems in Therminol fluid service. Factors affecting the
leak performance of the flanges include the ability of the flange
bolting to effectively seat the gasket and the ability of the
flange to withstand external moments in the piping system.

Fire resistance
Operating temperatures Fire resistance addresses the ability of the piping system to
Materials are limited to use at certain temperatures either remain free of damaging leaks when exposed to external fire. A
because their properties are not suitable or because the piping component is considered to be fire resistant when it is
material degrades outside the specified temperature range. able to withstand exposure to 1200°F (649°C) for 30 minutes.
The use of metals at lower temperatures is limited because of See API STD 607. For liquid phase Therminol fluid operating
their tendency to become brittle. The use of metals at higher above its flash point and vapor phase Therminol fluid operating
temperatures is limited because of low strength, as is the above its boiling point, fire-resistant piping systems are
case for copper, or material degradation, as is the case for recommended. For other operating conditions, the user should
carbon steel. judge whether or not fire resistance is required based on such
factors as the volume of combustible material involved, the
Suitable temperature ranges presence of flammable materials, the fire protection provided,
Fluoroelastomers –10°F (–25°C) to 400°F (200°C)a and how close the unit under consideration is to other
operating units.
Flexible graphite –325°F (–200°C) to 800°F (425°C)b
Materials considered to be fire resistant
Copper –325°F (–200°C) to 350°F (175°C)
• H
 igh-melting-point metals: carbon and stainless steel and
Carbon steel –20°F (–30°C) to 800°F (425°C)c
nickel alloys
Low-alloy steel –150°F (–100°C) to 800°F (425°C)b • F lexible graphite packing and gaskets
Stainless steel –325°F (–200°C) to 800°F (425°C) b • A
 sbestos packing and gaskets

a
 ertain fluoroelastomers are suitable for use at temperatures outside of the range
C Materials not considered to be fire resistant
shown. Consult the manufacturer.
b
These materials are suitable for use at higher temperatures.
• L ow-melting-point metals: aluminum and copper elastomers
c
S ome carbon steel materials are suitable for use down to –50°F (–45°C). Under • P TFE gaskets and packing
certain conditions, some codes permit the use of ordinary carbon steels down to
–50°F (–45°C). • N
 onasbestos, fiber-reinforced, rubber-bound gaskets

1.1 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

Blowout resistance Cost/delivery for cold services
Blowout resistance is the ability of a gasket to resist being torn Low-alloy steel components are frequently difficult to find.
out of a flanged joint when subjected to overpressure. Blowout Considering the difficulty in procuring the materials and the
resistance is more subjective than fire resistance because there additional testing requirements for welding procedure and
are no universally recognized test methods. The following table welder qualification, using a stainless steel piping system
is presented to subjectively compare types of gaskets. may be the more economical choice for small systems and
modification and repair of existing systems.
More blowout resistant Less blowout resistant
Similarly, carbon steel components for use down to –50°F
Thinner sheet materials Thicker sheet materials (–46°C) are frequently difficult to find. Considering the
Fiber-reinforced gaskets Unreinforced gaskets difficulty procuring the materials and the additional weld-metal
impact testing requirements, using a stainless steel piping
Metal-reinforced gaskets Fiber-reinforced gaskets
system may be the more economical choice for small systems
Metal gaskets Nonmetallic gaskets and modification and repair to existing systems.

Another option for systems operating down to –50°F (–46°C)

Using metal or metal-reinforced gaskets is recommended in
is the use of ordinary carbon steel materials with some
Therminol fluid service. For Class 150 systems, metal-inserted
stipulations. ASME B31.3 permits the use of ordinary carbon
flexible graphite gaskets are recommended. Flexible graphite-
steels down to –50°F (–46°C) if the maximum operating
filled spiral-wound gaskets can be used for Class 150 systems,
pressure of the manufactured components will not exceed
but it will be more difficult to consistently get a good seal.
25% of the maximum allowable design pressure and the
Getting a good seal is a function of the gaskets being supplied,
combined longitudinal stress due to pressure, deadweight,
the skills and habits of the mechanics tightening the bolts, the
and displacement strain does not exceed 6 ksi (41 MPa). This
lubrication used for the bolting, the precision to which the
provision does not apply to bolting materials, so bolting which
flanges are aligned before tightening, and the flexibility of the
is suitable for use at lower temperatures would have to be used.
piping system near the flanged joint. For Class 300 systems,
flexible graphite-filled spiral-wound gaskets are recommended.

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.2

 START
Guide for selecting
piping system
specifications (PSS)
Operating
YES temperature
less than
350˚F
(175˚C)

NO

Operating
YES temperature NO
range less than
300˚F
(150˚C)

NO Fire
resistance
required

YES

Lowest Lowest
operating operating
temperature YES temperature YES
greater than greater than
–20˚F –20˚F
(–30˚C) (–30˚C)

NO NO

Lowest Lowest
operating operating
temperature YES temperature YES
greater than greater than
–50˚F –50˚F
(–45˚C) (–45˚C)

NO NO

Consider using Consider using Consider using Consider using

the stainless steel
PSS for small systems
or modifications
because of delivery
problems. Otherwise,
use the low-alloy
steel PSS.
the stainless steel the stainless steel the stainless steel
PSS for small systems PSS for small systems PSS for small systems
or modifications or modifications or modifications
because of delivery because of delivery because of delivery
problems. Otherwise, problems. Otherwise, problems. Otherwise,
use the impact-tested use the low-alloy use the impact-tested
carbon steel PSS. steel PSS. carbon steel PSS.

Copper Class 150 Class 150 Class 150 Class 150 Class 300 Class 300 Class 300 Class 300
stainless steel low-alloy steel impact-tested CS carbon steel stainless steel low-alloy steel impact-tested CS carbon steel
–325° to 350°F –325° to 350°F –150° to 350°F –50° to 350°F –20° to 350°F –325° to 750°F –150° to 750°F –50° to 750°F –20° to 750°F
(–198° to 177°C) (–198° to 177°C) (–101° to 177°C) (–46° to 177°C) (–29° to 177°C) (–198° to 399°C) (–101° to 399°C) (–46° to 399°C) (–29° to 399°C)

1.3 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

Piping system specifications and temperature ranges—Copper
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –325º to 350ºF (–198º to 177ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–4 Brazed-joint copper
Note: Use ASTM B260 Class BAG-1 strip or wire (brazing temperature approximately 1150° to 1400°F [621° to 760°C]).
Tube 1/2–4 Seamless hard-drawn copper water tube, ASTM B88 Type L

Fittings 1/2–4 Wrought copper and bronze fittings, ASME B16.22, solder joint

Flanged joint 1/2–4 Bronze flanges, ASME B16.24, Class 150 threaded, flat face

Gaskets 1/2–4 Full-face gasket, ANSI B16.21, Class 125 1/16-inch-thick metal-inserted flexible graphite, UCAR Carbon Grade GHE

Bolts 1/2–4 Stainless steel heavy hex head bolt, ASTM A193 Grade B8, with heavy hex nut, ASTM A194 Grade 8 for Class 150 joint.

Figure 1. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, ºC
40 60 80 100 120 140 160

15
200
Class 150 flanged joint

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

Maximum internal pressure, psig

150 10

100
5

50

0 0
–325 to 100 150 200 250 300 350

Temperature, ºF Corrosion allowance—0.000 in.

Table 1. Branch construction

ST 4

ST ST 3

ST ST 2

ST ST 1½

ST ST 1

ST ST ST with reducer ¾
Branch size

ST ST ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4

Header size ST—Solder joint tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.4

Piping system specifications—Class 150 stainless steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –325º to 350ºF (–198º to 177ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–1 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) welding neck flanges

11/2–3 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) welding neck flanges

4–12 Butt-weld, type A stub ends

1/2–12 316 SS may be substituted for the 304 SS pipe and fittings when the 304 SS material is not available.

Pipe 1/2–3/4 304 SS fusion-welded pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 40S

1–12 304 SS fusion-welded pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 10S

Nipples 1/2–1 304 SS seamless nipple, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 40S

Fittings 1/2–1 Forged 304 SS fittings, ASME B16.11, ASTM A182 Grade F304, Class 3000 socket weld

1/2–1 Forged 304 SS integral seat union, ASTM A182 Grade F304, Class 3000 socket weld

11/2–12 304 SS or 304L SS fittings, ASTM A403 Class WP-W 304, WP-W 304L, WP-S 304, or WP-S 304L ASME B16.9,
Schedule 10S butt weld

11/2–12 Forged 304 SS fittings, ATSM A182 Grade F304, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet;
for branch NPS 1/2 through 1 per Table 2

3–12 Forged 304 SS fittings, ATSM A182 Grade F304, butt-weld welding outlet, for Schedule 10S header and
Schedule 10S branch; for branch NPS 11/2 through 3 per Table 2

6–12 304 SS reinforcing pad made from ASTM A312 Grade TP 304 pipe, Schedule 10S; for branch NPS 4 through 10
per Table 2

Flanged joint 1/2–3/4 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304 ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face, with
Schedule 40S bore

1–3 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304 ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face, with
Schedule 10S bore

4–12 304 SS or 304L SS fittings, ASTM A403 Class WP-W 304, WP-W 304L, WP-S 304, or WP-S 304L ASME B16.9,
Schedule 10S butt-weld type A short-stub end

4–12 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304, ASME B16.5, Class 150 lap joint

Gaskets 1/2–12 Corrugated stainless steel-inserted flexible graphite gasket, Marine & Petroleum Graphonic for Class 150 flanges

Bolts 1/2–12 Stainless steel heavy hex head bolt, ASTM A193 Grade B8, with heavy hex nut, ASTM A194 Grade 8 for
Class 150 joint

1.5 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 150 stainless steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –325º to 350ºF (–198º to 177ºC)

Figure 2. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

250
Class 150 flanged joint

15
200

NPS 8 and larger pipe and fittings

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

150
10
Maximum internal pressure, psig

100

50

0 0
–325 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 2. Branch construction

ET 12

ET 10

ET 8

ET 6

ET Reinforced stub-in 4

ET ET 3

ET ET BW welding outlet 2

ET ET 1½

ET 1
Branch size

SW welding outlet ¾

Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.6

Piping system specifications—Class 150 low-alloy steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –150º to 350ºF (–101º to 177ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2—11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

Pipe 1/2– 11/2 Seamless 3½ nickel alloy steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 3, extra-strong wall thickness

2–24 Seamless 3½ nickel alloy steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 3, standard wall thickness

Fittings 1/2– 11/2 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.11, Class 3000 socket weld

2–24 Wrought 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL3, ASME B16.9, Std. WT butt weld

2–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet;
for branch NPS 1/2 through 11/2 per Table 3

4–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, butt-weld welding outlet, for Std. WT header
and Std. WT branch; for branch NPS 2 through 6 per Table 3

Flanged joint 1/2–11/2 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face,
with XS WT bore

2–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face,
with Std. WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–24 Corrugated stainless steel-inserted flexible graphite gasket, Marine & Petroleum Graphonic® for Class 150 flanges

Bolts 1/2–24 Stainless steel heavy hex head bolt, ASTM A320 Grade L7, with heavy hex nut, ASTM A194 Grade 4 for
Class 150 joint

1.7 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 150 low-alloy steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –150º to 350ºF (–101º to 177ºC)

Figure 3. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

300
20

250
Class 150 flanged joint
15
200

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

Maximum internal pressure, psig

150 10

100

50

0 0
–150 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 3. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 18
ET ET 16
ET ET 14
ET ET 12
ET ET Reinforced stub-in 10
ET ET 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
Branch size

1
SW welding outlet ¾
Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.8

Piping system specifications—Class 150 impact-tested carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –50º to 350ºF (–46º to 177ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

Pipe 1/2–2 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A106 Grade B, extra-strong wall thickness

3–24 Seamless impact-tested carbon steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 1 or Grade 6, standard wall thickness

Fittings 1/2–11/2 Forged impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.11, Class 3000 socket weld

2 Carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 Grade WPB, XS WT butt weld

3–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL-6, ASME B16.9, Std. WT butt weld

2–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet; for branch
NPS 1/2 through 11/2 per Table 4

4–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, butt-weld welding outlet, for Std. WT header
and Std. WT branch; for branch NPS 2 through 6 per Table 4

Flanged joint 1/2–2 Forged impact-tested carbon steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised
face, with XS WT bore

3–24 Forged impact-tested carbon steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised
face, with Std. WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–24 Corrugated stainless steel-inserted flexible graphite gasket, Marine & Petroleum Graphonic for Class 150 flanges

Bolts 1/2–24 Alloy-continuous threaded stud, ASTM A193 Grade B7M, with heavy hex nuts, ASTM A194 Grade 2HM, for
Class 150 joint

1.9 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

Piping system temperature ranges—Class 150 impact-tested carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –50º to 350ºF (–46º to 177ºC)

Figure 4. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160

300
20

250
Class 150 flanged joint
15
200

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

Maximum internal pressure, psig

150
10

100

5
50

0 0
–50 to 100 150 200 250 300 350

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 4. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 18
ET ET 16
ET ET 14
ET ET 12
ET ET Reinforced stub-in 10
ET ET 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
1
Branch size

SW welding outlet ¾
Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.10

Piping system specifications—Class 150 carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –20º to 350ºF (–29º to 177ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

Pipe 1/2–11/2 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A106 Grade B, extra-strong wall thickness

2–24 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A53 TP S Grade B, standard wall thickness

Fittings 1/2–11/2 Forged carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.11, ASTM A105, Class 3000 socket weld

1/2–11/2 Forged carbon steel integral seat union, MSS SP-83, ASTM A105, Class 3000 socket weld

2–24 Carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 Grade WPB, Std. WT butt weld

2–24 Carbon steel, ASTM A105, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet; for branch NPS 1/2 through 11/2 per Table 5

4–24 Carbon steel, ASTM A105, butt-weld welding outlet, for Std. WT header and Std. WT branch;
for branch NPS 2 through 6 per Table 5

Flanged joint 1/2–11/2 Forged carbon steel flanges, ASTM A105, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face, with XS WT bore

2–24 Forged carbon steel flanges, ASTM A105, ASME B16.5, Class 150 welding neck, raised face, with Std. WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–24 Corrugated stainless steel-inserted flexible graphite gasket, Marine & Petroleum Graphonic for Class 150 flanges

Bolts 1/2–24 Alloy-continuous threaded stud, ASTM A193 Grade B7, with heavy hex nuts, ASTM A194 Gr 2H, for Class 150 joint

1.11 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 150 carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –20º to 350ºF (–29º to 177ºC)

Figure 5. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

300 20
Class 150 flanged joint

250

15
200

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

Maximum internal pressure, psig

150 10

100

5
50

0 0
–20 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 5. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 18
ET ET 16
ET ET 14
ET ET 12
ET ET Reinforced stub-in 10
ET ET 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
Branch size

1
SW welding outlet ¾
Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.12

Piping system specifications—Class 300 stainless steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –325º to 750ºF (–198º to 399ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–1 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) welding neck flanges

2–12 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) welding neck flanges

1/2–4 Short-radius fittings are not permitted.

1/2–12 316 SS may be substituted for the 304 SS pipe and fittings when the 304 SS material is not available.

Pipe 1/2–3/4 304 SS fusion-welded pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 40S

1–4 304 SS fusion-welded pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 10S

6–12 304 SS fusion-welded pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 40S

Nipples 1/2–1 304 SS seamless nipple, ASTM A312 Grade TP 304, Schedule 40S

Fittings 1/2–1 Forged 304 SS fittings, ASME B16.11, ASTM A182 Grade F304, Class 3000 socket weld

11/2–4 304 SS or 304L SS fittings, ASTM A403 Class WP-W 304, WP-W 304L, WP-S 304, or WP-S 304L ASME B16.9,
Schedule 10S butt weld

6–12 304 SS or 304L SS fittings, ASTM A403 Class WP-W 304, WP-W 304L, WP-S 304, or WP-S 304L ASME B16.9,
Schedule 40S butt weld

11/2–12 Forged 304 SS fittings, ATSM A182 Grade F304, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet; for branch NPS 1/2 through
1 per Table 6

3–4 Forged 304 SS fittings, ATSM A182 Grade F304, butt-weld welding outlet, for Schedule 10S header and Schedule 10S
branch; for branch NPS 11/2 through 2 per Table 6

6–12 Forged 304 SS fittings, ATSM A182 Grade F304, butt-weld welding outlet, for Schedule 40S header and Schedule 10S
branch; for branch NPS 11/2 through 3 per Table 6

6–12 304 SS reinforcing pad made from ASTM A312 Grade TP 304 pipe, Schedule 40S; for branch NPS 4 through 10
per Table 6

Flanged joint 1/2–3/4 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304 ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with
Schedule 40S bore

1–4 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304 ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with
Schedule 10S bore

6–12 Forged 304 SS flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304 ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with
Schedule 40S bore

Gaskets 1/2–12 Stainless alloy spiral-wound gasket, API 601, Class 300 0.175-inch-thick 304 SS/flexible graphite with stainless
steel centering ring

Bolts 1/2–12 Strain-hardened stainless steel continuous threaded stud, ASTM A193 Grade B8 Class 2, with heavy hex nuts,
ASTM A194 Grade 8-S1, for Class 300 joint

1.13 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 300 stainless steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –325º to 750ºF (–198º to 399ºC)

Figure 6. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
45

600 40

35
500

30
400

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

Class 300 flanged joint 25
Maximum internal pressure, psig

300 20

15
200
10

100
5

0 0
–325 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.000 inches

Table 6. Branch construction

ET 12

ET 10

ET 8

ET 6

ET Reinforced stub-in 4

ET ET 3

ET ET BW welding outlet 2

ET ET 1½

ET 1
Branch size

SW welding outlet ¾

Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.14

Piping system specifications—Class 300 low-alloy steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –150º to 750ºF (–101º to 399ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

14–24 Short-radius fittings are not permitted.

Pipe 1/2–11/2 Seamless 3½ nickel alloy steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 3, extra-strong wall thickness

2–16 Seamless 3½ nickel alloy steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 3, standard wall thickness

18–24 Seamless 3½ nickel alloy steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 3, extra-strong wall thickness

Fittings 1/2–11/2 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.11, Class 3000 socket weld

2–16 Wrought 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL3, ASME B16.9, Std. WT butt weld

18–24 Wrought 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL3, ASME B16.9, XS WT butt weld

2–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet for
branch NPS 1/2 through 11/2 per Table 7

4–16 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, butt-weld welding outlet for Std. WT header
and Std. WT branch for branch NPS 2 through 6 per Table 7

18–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, butt-weld welding outlet, for XS WT header
and Std. WT branch for branch NPS 2 through 6 per Table 7

Flanged joint 1/2–11/2 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face,
with XS WT bore

2–16 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face,
with Std. WT bore

18–24 Forged 3½ nickel alloy steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF3, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face,
with XS WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–12 Stainless alloy spiral-wound gasket, API 601, Class 300 0.175-inch-thick 304 SS/flexible graphite with stainless steel
centering ring

Bolts 1/2–12 Alloy-continuous threaded stud, ASTM A320 Grade L7 with heavy hex nuts, ASTM A194 Grade 4, for Class 300 joint

1.15 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 300 low-alloy steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –150º to 750ºF (–101º to 399ºC)

Figure 7. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
800 55
Class 300 flanged joint
50
700
45
600
40
NPS 12 and larger pipe fittings
500 35

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

30
Maximum internal pressure, psig

400
25

300 20

200 15

10
100
5

0 0
–150 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 7. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 603 18
ET ET 684 573 16
ET ET RS 727 609 14
ET ET 633 RS 695 582 12
ET ET RS 686 RS RS 630 10
ET ET RS RS 659 RS 723 606 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
Branch size

1
SW welding outlet ¾
Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RS—Reinforced stub-in

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.16

Piping system specifications—Class 300 impact-tested carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –50º to 750ºF (–46º to 399ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2 –11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

14–24 Short-radius fittings are not permitted.

Pipe 1/2–2 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A106 Grade B, extra-strong wall thickness

3–16 Seamless impact-tested carbon steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 1 or Grade 6, standard wall thickness

18–24 Seamless impact-tested carbon steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 1 or Grade 6, extra-strong wall thickness

Fittings 1/2 –11/2 Forged impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.11, Class 3000 socket weld

2 Carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.9. ASTM A234 Grade WPB, XS WT butt weld

3–16 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL-6, ASME B16.9, Std. WT butt weld

18–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A420 Grade WPL-6, ASME B16.9, XS WT butt weld

3–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet for branch
NPS 1/2 through 2 per Table 8

6–16 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, butt-weld welding outlet, for Std. WT header
and Std. WT branch for branch NPS 3 through 6 per Table 8

18–24 Impact-tested carbon steel fittings, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, butt-weld welding outlet, for XS WT header and
Std. WT branch for branch NPS 3 through 6 per Table 8

Flanged joint 1/2–2 Forged impact-tested carbon steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck,
raised face, with XS WT bore

3–16 Forged impact-tested carbon steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck,
raised face, with Std. WT bore

18–24 Forged impact-tested carbon steel flanges, ASTM A350 Grade LF2, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck,
raised face, with XS WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–24 Stainless alloy spiral-wound gasket, API 601, Class 300 0.175-inch-thick 304 SS/flexible graphite

Bolts 1/2–24 Alloy-continuous threaded stud, ASTM A193 Grade B7M with heavy hex nuts, ASTM A194 Grade 2HM, for
Class 300 joint

1.17 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 300 impact-tested carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –50º to 750ºF (–46º to 399ºC)

Figure 8. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
800 55
Class 300 flanged joint
50
700
45
600
40

500 35

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

NPS 12 and larger pipe fittings 30
400
Maximum internal pressure, psig

25

300 20

200 15

10
100
5

0 0
–50 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 8. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 509 18
ET ET 577 483 16
ET ET 679 613 514 14
ET ET 534 648 586 491 12
ET ET 659 579 702 634 531 10
ET ET 692 632 555 675 610 511 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
1
Branch size

SW welding outlet ¾
Socket-weld tee ½

½ ¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.18

Piping system specifications—Class 300 carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –20º to 750ºF (–29º to 399ºC)

Application Size range (in.) Specifications

Construction 1/2–11/2 Socket-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

2–24 Butt-weld, raised-face (RF) flanges

14–24 Short-radius fittings are not permitted.

Pipe 1/2–11/2 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A106 Grade B, extra-strong wall thickness

2–16 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A53 TP S Grade B, standard wall thickness

18–24 Seamless carbon steel pipe, ASTM A53 TP S Grade B, extra-strong wall thickness

Fittings 1/2–11/2 Forged carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.11, ASTM A105, Class 3000 socket weld

2–16 Carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 Grade WPB, Std. WT butt weld

18–24 Carbon steel fittings, ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 Grade WPB, XS WT butt weld

2–24 Carbon steel, ASTM A105, Class 3000 socket-weld welding outlet for branch NPS 1/2 through 11/2 per Table 9

4–16 Carbon steel, ASTM A105, butt-weld welding outlet, for Std. WT header and Std. WT branch for branch
NPS 2 through 6 per Table 9

18–24 Carbon steel, ASTM A105, butt-weld welding outlet, for XS WT header and Std. WT branch for branch
NPS 2 through 6 per Table 9

Flanged joint 1/2–11/2 Forged carbon steel flanges, ASTM A105, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with XS WT bore

2–16 Forged carbon steel flanges, ASTM A105, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with Std. WT bore

18–24 Forged carbon steel flanges, ASTM A105, ASME B16.5, Class 300 welding neck, raised face, with XS WT bore

Gaskets 1/2–24 Stainless alloy spiral-wound gasket, API 601, Class 300 0.175-inch-thick 304 SS/flexible graphite

Bolts 1/2–24 Alloy-continuous threaded stud, ASTM A193 Grade B7 with heavy hex nuts, ASTM A194 Grade 2H, for
Class 300 joint

1.19 Piping system specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Piping system temperature ranges—Class 300 carbon steel
For use with Therminol heat transfer fluids from –20º to 750ºF (–29º to 399ºC)

Figure 9. Pressure/temperature limits for components

Temperature, °C

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
800 55
Class 150 flanged joint
▲
50
700 ▲
▲ ▲ 45
● ● ● ● ▲
● ▲
● ▲
● ▲
●
600 ▲
●
▲
● 40
▲
●
NPS 16 and larger ▲
● ▲
● ▲ 35
pipe and/or fittings
500

Maximum internal gage pressure, bar

● 30
Maximum internal pressure, psig

400
25

300 20

15
200
10
100
5

0 0
–20 to 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Temperature, °F Corrosion allowance—0.060 inches

Table 9. Branch construction

ET 24
ET ET 20
ET ET 556 18
ET ET 630 528 16
ET ET RS 670 562 14
ET ET 583 709 640 537 12
ET ET 720 632 RS 693 580 10
ET ET RS 691 607 738 666 559 8
ET ET 6
ET ET 4
ET ET BW welding outlet 3
ET ET 2
1½
Branch size

SW welding outlet 1
Socket-weld tee ¾

¾ 1 1½ 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

Header size ET—Butt-weld tee

RS—Reinforced stub-in

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 1.20

 THIS PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
 Section 2

Valve types
and service specifications
2.1
Valve stem seals

2.1
Gate valves

2.2
Globe valves

2.3
Check valves

2.4
Ball valves

2.5
High-pressure butterfly valves

2.5
Proprietary valves

For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,

visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

Valve types and service specifications
Valve stem seals
Various types of stem seals are used to seal valve stems on
Therminol® heat transfer fluid systems.
Flexible graphite packing with inner and outer anti-extrusion
rings of braided graphite fiber gives the best results for
elevated-temperature systems. It is important that flexible
graphite ring dimensions conform closely to the valve stem
and stuffing box. Cup- and cone-shaped ring sets, such as those
offered by Garlock, are less sensitive to dimensional mismatches.
Flexible graphite-packed stuffing boxes are generally considered
to be fire resistant.
PTFE packing works in systems operating up to 400°F (200°C).
PTFE-packed stuffing boxes are not generally considered to be
fire resistant.
Metal bellows-sealed valves are frequently used with excellent
results, but these valves are relatively expensive, especially in
larger sizes. Bellows-sealed valves are generally considered to
be fire resistant.
Fiber packing materials have given poor performance in
Therminol fluid service and are not recommended.
Packed valves should be surveyed occasionally, and valve stem
packing should be adjusted to minimize leakage. The more
frequently operated valves should be surveyed more often.
The use of spring-loaded packing followers will improve the
performance of the packing and lower the frequency at which
the packing needs to be tightened.
2.1 Valve types and service specifications
Gate valves
These valves are considered suitable for service up to 800°F
(425°C).
Carbon steel valves can be used down to –20°F (–30°C), and
stainless steel valves can be used down to –150°F (–100°C).
Impact-tested carbon steel and low-alloy steel valves can also
be used for services below –20°F (–30°C), but the cost to the
valve manufacturers handling these special materials frequently
results in valves that are more expensive than stainless steel
valves. Valves which are intended for continuous operation
below 0°F (–20°C) should be ordered with extended bonnets so
that they can be completely insulated and the packing gland
can be kept warm enough to prevent ice balls from forming on
it. Ice balls prevent packing adjustments and can prevent
operation of the valve.
A list showing the full name and location of valve manufacturers
is provided at our website, www.therminol.com.
Carbon steel valve, Class 800 socket weld gate
• C
 arbon steel
• B
 olted or welded bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted-cap valve
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
• N
 PS ½ to 2
Carbon steel bellows-sealed valve, Class 600
socket weld gate
• C
 arbon steel bellows-sealed OS&Y valve
• 1
 3 Cr stem and disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite backup packing
• N
 PS ½ to 2
RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE
Carbon steel valve, Class 150 flanged RF gate Globe valves
• C
 arbon steel These valves are considered suitable for service up to 800°F
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve (425°C).
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron, Carbon steel valves can be used down to –20°F (–30°C), and
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or stainless steel valves can be used down to –150°F (–100°C).
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket Impact-tested carbon steel and low-alloy steel valves can also
• N
 PS ½ to 24 be used for services below –20°F (–30°C), but the cost to the
valve manufacturers handling these special materials frequently
results in valves that are more expensive than stainless steel
Carbon steel valve, Class 300 flanged RF gate valves. Valves which are intended for continuous operation
• C
 arbon steel below 0°F (–20°C) should be ordered with extended bonnets so
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve that they can be completely insulated and the packing gland
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s) can be kept warm enough to prevent ice balls from forming on
it. Ice balls prevent packing adjustments and can prevent
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
operation of the valve.
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket Globe valves generally seal better through the seat in vapor
• N
 PS ½ to 24 phase service than gate valves after being in operation for a
period of time.

Carbon steel bellows-sealed valve, Class 300 Known suppliers of specific valves are given. A list showing the
flanged RF gate full name and location of valve manufacturers is provided at
• C
 arbon steel bellows-sealed OS&Y valve our website, www.therminol.com.
• 1
 3 Cr stem and disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite backup packing
Carbon steel valve, Class 800 socket
• N
 PS ½ to 2
weld globe
• C
 arbon steel
316 SS gate valve, Class 150 and 300, • B
 olted or welded bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
socket weld or flanged RF • 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• 3
 16 SS bolted-bonnet OS&Y valve • F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
• 3
 16 SS stem, disc, and integral seat(s) confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 316 SS, soft 316 SS, non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or • N
 PS ½ to 2
non-asbestos-filled 316 SS jacketed gasket
• V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to
–150ºF (–100ºC)

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Valve types and service specifications 2.2

Carbon steel bellows-sealed valve, Class 600 Check valves
socket weld globe
These valves are considered suitable for service up to 800°F
• C
 arbon steel bellows-sealed OS&Y valve (425°C).
• 1
 3 Cr stem and disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite backup packing Carbon steel valves can be used down to –20°F (–30°C), and
• N
 PS ½ to 2 stainless steel valves can be used down to –150°F (–100°C).
Impact-tested carbon steel and low-alloy steel valves can also
be used for services below –20°F (–30°C), but the cost to the
Carbon steel valve, Class 150 flanged RF globe valve manufacturers handling these special materials frequently
• C
 arbon steel results in valves that are more expensive than stainless steel
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve valves.
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
A list showing the full name and location of valve manufacturers
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
is provided at our website, www.therminol.com.
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
• N
 PS ½ to 14 Carbon steel valve, Class 800 socket weld
lift check
• C
 arbon steel
Carbon steel valve, Class 300 flanged RF globe
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
• C
 arbon steel
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron, non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
• N
 PS ½ to 2
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
• N
 PS ½ to 14
Carbon steel valve, Class 800 socket weld
swing check
Carbon steel bellows-sealed valve, Class 300
• C
 arbon steel
flanged RF globe
• W
 elded bonnet, OS&Y, or welded cap valve
• C
 arbon steel bellows-sealed OS&Y valve
• 1
 3 Cr stem and disc, Stellite seat(s)
• 1
 3 Cr stem and disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing
• F lexible graphite backup packing
• N
 PS ½ to 2
• N
 PS ½ to 8

Carbon steel valve, Class 150 flanged RF

316 SS globe valve, Class 150 and 300, lift check
socket weld or flanged RF
• C
 arbon steel
• 3
 16 SS bolted-bonnet OS&Y valve
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
• 3
 16SS stem, disc, and integral seat(s)
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 316 SS, soft 316 SS,
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
non-asbestos-filled 316 SS jacketed gasket
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
• V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to
• N
 PS ½ to 2
–150ºF (–100ºC)

2.3 Valve types and service specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

Carbon steel wafer valve, Class 150 316 SS wafer valve, Class 150/300 wafer
wafer check check valve
• C
 arbon steel • 3
 16 SS wafer valve
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve • 3
 16 SS hinge pins, discs, and integral seats
• C
 arbon steel seats and disc (304 SS acceptable alternate) • Inconel springs
• Inconel springs • V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to
• N
 PS 2 to 24 –150ºF (–100ºC)

Carbon steel valve, Class 300 flanged RF Ball valves

lift check These valves are considered suitable for service up to 350°F
• C
 arbon Steel (175°C).
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s) Carbon steel valves can be used down to –20°F (–30°C), and
stainless steel valves can be used down to –150°F (–100°C).
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron,
Impact-tested carbon steel and low-alloy steel valves can also
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or
be used for services below –20°F (–30°C), but the cost to the
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
valve manufacturers handling these special materials frequently
• N
 PS ½ to 2
results in valves that are more expensive than stainless steel
valves. Valves which are intended for continuous operation
Carbon steel valve, Class 300 flanged RF below 20°F (–10°C) should be ordered with extended bonnets
swing check so that they can be completely insulated and the packing gland

• C
 arbon steel can be kept warm enough to prevent ice balls from forming on
it. Ice balls prevent packing adjustments and can prevent
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve
operation of the valve.
• 1
 3 Cr stem, 13 Cr or Stellite disc, Stellite seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 304 SS, soft iron, A list showing the full name and location of valve manufacturers
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or is provided at our website, www.therminol.com.
non-asbestos-filled jacketed gasket
• N
 PS 2 to 24
Carbon steel valve, Class 150/300 ball valve
• C
 arbon steel
Carbon steel wafer valve, Class 300
• S wing-out ball or standard ball
wafer check
• S ocket weld, RF flange
• C
 arbon steel • E lectroless nickel, hard chrome-plated carbon steel ductile
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y, or bolted cap valve iron or stainless steel ball and stem
• C
 arbon steel seats and disc (304 SS acceptable alternate) • P TFE or reinforced PTFE seats
• Inconel springs • P TFE or Viton seals
• N
 PS 2 to 24

316 SS Class 150/300 ball valve

316 SS Class 150/300 swing or lift check valve • 3
 16(L) SS ball valve
• 3
 16 SS bolted-bonnet OS&Y valve • S wing-out ball, standard ball, or top entry
• 3
 16 SS stem, disc, and integral seat(s) • 3
 16(L) SS ball and secondary seat
• F lexible graphite packing: spiral-wound 316 SS, soft 316 SS, • P TFE or PFA seats with secondary metal-to-metal seat(s)
confined graphite, metal-inserted flexible graphite, or • F lexible graphite packing and contained or metal seals
non-asbestos-filled 316 SS jacketed gasket • F ire-resistant trim
• V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to • V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to
–150ºF (–100ºC) –150ºF (–100ºC)

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Piping system specifications 2.4

High-pressure butterfly valves Proprietary valves
These valves are considered suitable for service up to 350°F These are valve types offered by a single manufacturer and are
(175°C). suitable for use up to 800°F (425°C).

Carbon steel valves can be used down to –20°F (–30°C), and

stainless steel valves can be used down to –150°F (–100°C). Carbon steel Class 150 and 300 piston valves
Impact-tested carbon steel and low-alloy steel valves can also • C
 arbon steel
be used for services below –20°F (–30°C), but the cost to the • B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y piston valve
valve manufacturers handling these special materials frequently • 1
 3 Cr piston
results in valves that are more expensive than stainless steel • F lexible graphite/metal-laminate seal rings
valves. Valves which are intended for continuous operation
below 20°F (–10°C) should be ordered with extended bonnets Carbon steel Class 150 and 300 rising-stem
so that they can be completely insulated and the packing gland ball valves
can be kept warm enough to prevent ice balls from forming on
• C
 arbon steel
it. Ice balls prevent packing adjustments and can prevent
• B
 olted bonnet, OS&Y rising-stem ball valve
operation of the valve.
• S tainless steel seat
Do not use these valves with spiral-wound gaskets without
• F lexible graphite packing
verifying that the gasket seating area will not be compromised
by the seat-retaining bolting.

A list showing the full name and location of valve manufacturers

is provided at our website, www.therminol.com.

Carbon steel valve, Class 150/300

high-pressure butterfly valve
• C
 arbon steel high-pressure butterfly valve
• L ug or wafer style
• E lectroless nickel, hard chrome-plated carbon steel ductile
iron or stainless steel disc
• 1
 7-4 PH stem
• P TFE or PFA seats and seals
• 3
 16 SS, Inconel, Viton, or fiberglass elastic member in seat
(if required)
• N
 PS 3 to 24

316 stainless steel, Class 150/300

high-pressure butterfly valve
• 3
 16(L) SS high-pressure butterfly valve
• L ug or wafer style
• 3
 16(L) SS disc, stem, and secondary seat
• 3
 16 SS, Armco Nitronic 50 or Inconel X750 shaft
• P TFE or PFA seats with metal-to-metal secondary seat(s)
• F lexible graphite packing and contained or metal seals
• Inconel garter spring (if required)
• F ire-resistant trim
• V
 alve bolting and other trim suitable for operation down to
–150ºF (–100ºC)

2.5 Valve types and service specifications RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 Section 3

Bolted joints

3.1
Minimizing leaks

3.1
Bolting

3.1
Flanges

3.1
Gaskets

For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,

visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

Bolted joints

Minimizing leaks Flanges

Minimizing leaks from bolted joints requires the proper For custom-designed flanges, such as those in pump casings
marriage of the flanges, gaskets, bolting and, in the case of and body flanges for heat exchangers and pressure vessels,
piping, appropriate level of external loading on the joint. Softer using recognized rules for design, such as those shown in
gaskets can be used with lighter flanges successfully as long as Appendix 2, Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and
external moments do not distort the joint enough to cause Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code, is recommended.
leakage. Harder gaskets require heavier flanges and strong
For ASME B16.5 flanges, recommendations are based on
bolting, and the heavier flanges can usually resist higher
expected operating conditions. For operating temperatures
external moments. For the range of applications for Therminol
above 350°F (175°C) and systems which have an operating
fluids, Class 150 flanges are lighter flanges and Class 300
temperature range of 300°F (170°C), Class 300 flanges are
flanges are heavier flanges.
recommended. For other systems, Class 150 flanges are
Using appropriate procedures for assembling the joints and recommended. The recommended temperatures are somewhat
tightening the bolts is essential to minimize leaks. Suggested arbitrary, but they are based on experience with the leak
steps are:
tightness of these flanges in Therminol fluid service. Factors
 asket—A new gasket should almost always be used. The
• G affecting the leak performance of the lighter Class 150 flanges
only exception is that the metal-inserted flexible graphite include the ability of the lighter bolting to effectively seal the
gaskets can be reused if the graphite is intact on both sides of gaskets and the ability of the flange to withstand external
the gasket. moments in the piping system.
• F lange faces—Flange faces should be finished with a spiral or
concentric grooved pattern as specified in ASME B16.5. Flange
faces should also be clean and free of grooves or gouges Gaskets
running radially across the surface. Flexible graphite gaskets reinforced in a number of different
 olting—Bolting must be clean and free of rust and burrs.
• B ways are recommended for use in Therminol fluid service. Some
Threads should be lubricated to reduce difficulty in seating fiber-reinforced, rubber-bound gaskets, especially compressed
the gasket. Threads and the nut face in contact with the asbestos gaskets, have proven to perform satisfactorily but are
flange should be lubricated with antiseize compound. not recommended because the flexible graphite materials have
 olt tightening—Tighten bolts in small increments and in a
• B been shown to perform much better.
crossing sequence until the joint is tightened completely. The
For noncircular gaskets, such as those for pump casings and
bolts should be tightened again after waiting 1/2 hour or
some valve-bonnet gaskets, foil-inserted flexible graphite is
longer in order to compensate for gasket relaxation.
probably the best choice. This gasket can be cut in the field and
has seating requirements similar to other sheet gaskets.
Bolting
Using bolting at least as strong as those listed by ASME B16.5
as having intermediate strength, such as strain-hardened
stainless steel and ASTM A193 Grade B7M, is recommended for
any Therminol fluid service. Using high-strength bolting such as
ASTM A193 Grade B7 is recommended when the high-strength
bolting will meet corrosion and operating temperature
requirements. High-strength bolting is especially valuable for
use with hard gaskets, such as spiral wound and ring joint.

3.1 Bolted joints RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

For circular gaskets, including heat exchanger gaskets with pass
partitions, any of the following gaskets can be used:
• F oil-inserted flexible graphite—UCAR Carbon Grade GHR,
flat 0.002-in. (0.05-mm) thick 316 stainless steel insert with
flexible graphite adhesively bonded on each side. It can be cut
in the field but is flimsy and hard to handle when larger than
20 in. (500 mm).
Gaskets for custom-designed flanges—These joints can be
designed to handle virtually any of the gaskets.
Gaskets for Class 150 flanges—The metal-inserted flexible
graphite gaskets are recommended. These gaskets have lower
seating stresses, and a proper seal can be obtained with the
more lightly bolted Class 150 flanges.

 ang metal-inserted flexible graphite—UCAR C Grade GHE,

• T Gaskets for Class 300 flanges—The flexible graphite-filled
perforated-tang, 0.004-in. (0.10-mm) thick 316 stainless steel spiral-wound gaskets are recommended. These gaskets require
insert with flexible graphite mechanically bonded to each the bolts to be tightened more in order to properly seat the
side. It cannot be cut in the field and is flimsy and hard to gasket, but the tighter bolts, along with the spring action of the
handle when larger than 30 in. (750 mm). gasket, make the joint more resistant to leakage when it is
 orrugated metal-inserted flexible graphite—Marine &
• C subjected to external moments. Ring-joint gaskets will also
Petroleum Graphonic® corrugated 0.026-in. (0.66-mm) thick perform well with Class 150 flanges, but the gaskets and flanges
carbon steel or stainless steel insert with flexible graphite with ring grooves result in a more expensive joint.
adhesively bonded to each side. Custom fabricated. It’s easier
to handle in the larger diameters and requires the lowest Spiral-wound gaskets should be tightened until the raised face
seating stress. portion of the flange comes in contact with the centering ring
on the gasket. The joint tightness can be checked visually with
• Flexible graphite-filled spiral wound—Manufactured to API
the aid of a feeler gage when necessary. When the visual
Standard 601 or ASME B16.20 by a number of manufacturers,
method of judging joint tightness is not satisfactory, tightness
alternate windings of metal and flexible graphite (custom
can be judged by bolt tension. Bolting should be tightened until
fabricated). It is easier to handle in larger diameters but
the bolts reach about 30,000 psi (200 MPa). Bolt tension can be
may unwind when handling sizes larger than 40 in. (1 m).
judged, with a significant error in accuracy, by the use of bolt
Spring action of metal windings makes the joint able to
torque measurements on well-lubricated nuts as shown in the
withstand small joint movements without leaks. It requires
following table:
higher seating stresses.
• Double-jacketed with flexible graphite tape applied to
Minimum
seating surfaces—Manufactured to API Standard 601 or Stud size torque
ASME B16.20 by a number of manufacturers, it features a (in.) (ft-lb)
nonmetallic filling encased in metal. Graphite tape is applied 1/2 30
to improve sealing. It is easier to handle in larger sizes and 5/8 60
requires the highest seating stress. 3/4 100
7/8 160
1 245
11/8 355
11/4 500
13/8 680
11/2 800

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE Bolted joints 3.2

 THIS PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
 Section 4

Pumps and seals

4.1
Pump selection

4.1
Mechanical seals

For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,

visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

Pumps and seals
Pump selection
The conventional high-temperature pump is a horizontal frame,
centerline-supported centrifugal with a mechanical seal. Some
fluid leakage at the seal is common. For those applications
where small leakage is undesirable, consider the use of a
double-mechanical seal or canned pumps. Small flow rates (100
gpm or less) are frequently handled using positive-displacement
pumps.
Therminol fluid services can be handled with properly applied
sealless pumps. Either canned-motor or magnet-drive type can
be used, and the considerations for the application are
essentially the same. Other than hydraulics, sealless pump
application must account for heat and temperature, pressures,
and operations in more detail than with a mechanically sealed
pump.
Since the fluid being pumped in both designs is used to cool
and lubricate the pump sleeve bearings (carbon and/or silicon
carbide materials are generally used) and remove heat
generated by motor stator magnetic-drive inefficiency losses,
the impact of that added heat needs to be assessed relative to
the vapor pressure of the pumped fluid. The pump manufacturer
should be consulted as to the amount of heat added for the
specific range of operating conditions.
The temperature at which the fluid is pumped will impact the
need for cooling for both designs, the stator insulation class and
stator fill material for canned-motor designs, and the magnet
material type and power rating for magnetic-drive designs.
Either design can be furnished for a wide range of pressures. For
sealless pumps, consideration needs to be given to the need for
pressure containment outside the containment can should the
can rupture.
4.1 Pumps and seals
Because the pump bearings are lubricated by the pumped fluid,
special operating attention and instrumentation is needed to
assure a reliable application of sealless pumps. Potential to run
the pump dry at too low a flow to remove the heat, variations
in fluid properties such as vapor pressure and viscosity over the
range of operation, and solid materials in the system all need to
be addressed. Start-up and shutdown, in particular, require
consideration.
Sealless pumps have been successfully applied in Therminol
fluid services at temperatures over 600°F (315°C). To assure a
good application and installation, it is essential to involve the
end user (operations considerations), Eastman sales and
technical services (fluid properties), and the pump
manufacturer (heat generation and removal) at the design
stage.
Mechanical seals
Mechanical seals in high-temperature heating systems are
universally preferred for rotary equipment. Even though
state-of-the-art mechanical seal application has progressed
greatly in recent years, seal failure still occurs.
Certain conditions within a high-temperature heating system
will increase the incidence of seal failure. The most critical
conditions are heat, pressure, corrosion, cavitation, and product
characteristics. Therminol heat transfer fluids can affect or be
affected by these conditions. Other conditions, such as particle
debris, shaft deflection, bearing wear, vibration, and poor
installation, can also affect the life of a seal. These problems,
however, are usually minimized by proper pump selection for
the intended service, careful installation, and proper maintenance.
RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE
Heat
Excessive temperature at the mechanical seal face usually leads
to premature failure. The seal environment should not normally
exceed 300°F (149°C) for most heat transfer fluid applications,
including Therminol fluids.
Common seal face materials, such as carbon, Stellite, tungsten
carbide, and silicon carbide require some fluid film lubrication.
High temperatures decrease lubricity, and the resulting friction
and heat buildup can promote abnormal face wear. Therminol
heat transfer fluids generally provide adequate lubricating
characteristics below 300°F (149°C).
Excessive temperatures also vaporize fluid at the seal face,
resulting in no lubrication and/or mechanical damage to face
materials such as carbon. Therminol heat transfer fluids are
low-vapor-pressure, high-boiling compounds that normally do
not vaporize over their use range. Some thermal decomposition
products of Therminol fluids, however, are lower-boiling
components and could cause vaporization conditions at the
seal face.
Dead-ended stuffing boxes provide little chance for fluid
circulation. They frequently collect abrasive or corrosive system
dirt, as well as heat, that can damage the seal faces.
In addition to stuffing box and seal-gland cooling to control
seal temperatures, many pump suppliers offer a seal flush
system that provides a cooled, filtered supply of the pumped
fluid. Flush systems minimize mechanical seal face wear and
particle debris accumulation on flex metal bellows in many
high-temperature applications. Flush systems should be
considered where Therminol heat transfer fluids are used.
A secondary seal with a vent and drain gland fixture outside
the primary seal generally is effective in collecting leakage that
may occur, offers a gland for inert gas blanketing, and provides
seal protection in case of primary seal failure. Inert gas
blanketing of a steam quench helps in preventing carburized
material from forming on the outside of the seal faces, resulting
in longer seal life.
RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE
Pressure
Hydraulic seal face loading depends on the stuffing box
pressure and the type of seal used. Generally, a single, inside,
unbalanced, or partially balanced seal is used in high-
temperature Therminol fluid applications. Excessive face
pressure, either hydraulic or installation imposed, can reduce
face lubrication, increase frictional heat buildup, and cause face
distortion, resulting in reduced seal face life.
Pressure surges and hydraulic shock created by automatic
valving within the system can also reduce seal life. While this
is not a common problem, proper valve selection and system
hydraulics operation generally decreases this type of overload
on the seal faces.
Corrosion
Some heat transfer fluids may create—through decomposition
or contamination—a corrosive environment at the mechanical
seal. Therminol heat transfer fluids normally do not create
corrosive conditions within the heating system. And even
though most heating fluids are miscible when combined,
certain chemical incompatibilities can result in a corrosive
environment.
Acidic conditions can form acidic metal salts. These can be
abrasive to seal faces in the latent environment of a dead-
ended pump stuffing box.
The seal flush mentioned previously can also be effective in
minimizing excessive seal wear by removing harmful corrosive
deposits. The seal flush can prevent particulates from centrifuging
in the seal face area, avoiding seal liftoff and resulting leakage.
Pumps and seals 4.2
Cavitation
Cavitation—the formation and collapse of vapor pockets
from fluid near its vapor point or from low-boiling components
in the fluid—normally does not have a direct impact on
mechanical seals.
Frequent or continuous cavitation at the pump can cause
pressure variation (previously discussed), shaft deflection,
vibration, or mechanical shock that will damage seal
components.
An effect similar to cavitation—entrained gases or rapid liquid
to vapor phase change—can produce chattering on the seal,
causing face damage and leakage.
System design with attention to net positive suction head
requirements usually corrects cavitation problems.
Many heat transfer fluids form lower-boiling components on
thermal or oxidative decomposition that can result in cavitation
conditions. Therminol heat transfer fluids can form low boilers
from thermal damage. Venting a slipstream of pumped fluid to
a nitrogen or CO2-inert vented expansion tank generally will
relieve low boilers from the fluid. Any vented material should
be collected for proper, nonpolluting disposal. Inerting usually
prevents oxidation damage to the fluid during venting operation.
The seal flush system continuously vents the stuffing box and
cools the seal area with filtered fluid.
Product characteristics
Mechanical seal performance can be affected by certain
characteristics of the heat transfer fluid, such as system dirt
pickup, decomposition products, chemical compatibility, sludge
formation, oxidation resistance, vapor pressure, and lubricity.
Abrasive particles are a major contributing factor to seal failure,
particularly particles under 200-mesh size. These particles
include thermal decomposition products, such as salts, oxides
and tars; carbonaceous oxidation products from certain types of
fluids; dirt from the environment external to the seal; or
combinations of these.
Rust and scale usually found in the pipework are loosened
frequently by heat transfer fluids and circulated throughout the
system. Filtration through a glass string-wound filter in a
side-stream operation usually effectively removes the particles.
4.3 Pumps and seals
Decomposition products from some fluids can create
conditions detrimental to seal performance. For example, highly
acidic decomposition products not only catalyze further fluid
decomposition but also establish the corrosive seal
environment discussed earlier. Oxidation products from many
fluids develop into abrasive, carbonaceous deposits that can
seriously affect seal face wear. Air contact should be minimized
with those fluids with oxidative instability. Cold or inerted
(nitrogen) expansion tanks generally reduce oxidation problems
and potential seal problems from oxidation residues.
Some fluids may be chemically incompatible with one another
in heating applications. Any change of heating fluid or top-up
with another fluid should be evaluated thoroughly to preclude
seal and other system problems. Most heat transfer fluids can
form high boilers and tars on thermal decomposition. These tars
are sludgelike and abrasive to the seal faces. This sludgelike
deposit has been observed as an uneven coating on mating seal
faces, which prevents sealing of the surfaces and results in
leakage.
Most Therminol heat transfer fluids are low-vapor-pressure,
high-boiling compounds. Vaporization of the fluid is not
expected under conditions of proper pump selection and
operation. Low boilers of Therminol fluids occasionally develop
from overheating or excessive oxidation.
Venting the system, as discussed under Cavitation, generally
resolves this problem. Attention should be given to operating
conditions that might bring about low-boiler formation, such as
air contact, overheating, and process leakage contamination.
Lubricity of clean Therminol fluids usually is adequate for seal
faces, even at seal environment temperatures above 300°F
(149°C). Some work on uncooled seal applications using
improved face materials shows reasonable lubricity at pumped
fluid temperatures approaching the fluid boiling point within
75°F (24°C) fluctuation. Seal environment temperatures,
however, should be maintained below 300°F (149°C) for
long-term service.
Virtually all heat transfer fluid systems generate dirt or debris
that can affect seal performance. The mechanical seal or pump
supplier should be contacted to determine how seal failures can
be minimized.
In summary, a clean and cool mechanical seal environment is a
prerequisite to satisfactory seal service in high-temperature
heating systems. As a heat transfer fluid supplier, we welcome
the opportunity to work with you and your seal or pump
supplier on application of the Therminol heat transfer fluids.
RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE
 Section 5

Insulation designs
to reduce fire hazard

For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,

visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

Insulation designs to reduce fire hazard

Insulation systems can be designed to minimize fire problems
in the event of fluid leakage.
Fires have occurred in insulation materials that have been
soaked with heating fluids at apparent temperatures of
500–600°F (260°–315°C), which is well below the autoignition
temperature of most commercial heating fluids. Tests indicate
that magnesia, calcium silicate, and silicate-bonded asbestos
insulations are subject to this problem. While the exact
mechanism by which such fires occur is not fully understood,
the most probable explanation is that a slow exothermal
oxidation reaction between hydrocarbon-type heating fluids
and air inside the voids of the insulation starts at about 500°F
(260°C).
Such a reaction is believed to occur for the following reasons:
• T
 he combination of the large heating fluid surface exposed on
the insulation fibers
• P oor heat dissipation conditions
• T
 he formation of low-flash-point oxidation products
• T
 emperature buildup in the saturated insulation mass, causing
material ignition when exposed to air
The following suggestions may help minimize the fire hazard
potential in insulation systems:
• Install and maintain a leak-free piping system when
combustible heat transfer fluids are being used. Reduce the
number of flanges in initial system design. Use suggested
piping specifications. If a leak develops, remove the insulation,
contain, and control the fluid until the leak can be repaired.
• O
 n horizontal runs of pipe with welded joints and proper
flange fittings, use the standard high-temperature insulation,
such as calcium silicate or magnesium oxide.
• O
 n vertical runs of lines where occasional leak sources can
develop at flanges and valves, install protective, tight-fitting
caps below flanges and valves to divert any fluid leakage to
the outside of the insulation.
• Install valve stems horizontally so that any stem leakage does
not enter the insulation.
• O
 n those sections of lines where control valves and
instrument fittings are attached and where leaks are a
potential problem, install cellular glass insulation or metal
shielded insulation to minimize or eliminate any fluid
saturation of the insulation system.

Fires such as these have been reported from time to time in • C

 onsult your insulation supplier and insurance company for

heat transfer systems. suggestions on reducing fire hazards.

Calcium silicate, asbestos, and magnesium oxide insulation

can absorb almost their original weight of leaking fluid. This
saturation, when spread over the large surface area within
the insulation at high temperature, can cause fluid oxidation
and the formation of lower-boiling, more combustible
decomposition products. Then the fluid within the insulation
system can ignite.

An alternate insulation, cellular glass, resists saturation by the

heat transfer fluid and therefore may be a safer insulation to
use. Cellular glass normally is more costly for most applications
because of its higher installation cost and tendency to crack
when thermally shocked. The use of cellular glass insulation
does not ensure that insulation fires will not develop, but the
amount of fluid that can be absorbed by the insulation system
and be oxidized is reduced greatly.

5.1 Insulation designs to reduce fire hazard RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 For a list of current equipment manufacturers and system designers,
visit our website: www.therminol.com/resources/manufacturers.

Chillers | Heaters | Gaskets | Pumps | Seals | Valves | System designers

RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE

 For more information or to find the sales or technical contact nearest you, visit the “Contact us” page on our website:
North America
Solutia Inc.
A subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company
575 Maryville Centre Drive
St. Louis, MO 63141 U.S.A.
Telephone:
Customer Service, 800-426-2463
Technical Service, 800-433-6997
Fax: Customer Service, (1) 314-674-7433
Eastman Chemical Company
Corporate Headquarters
P.O. Box 431
Kingsport, TN 37662-5280 U.S.A.
U.S.A. and Canada, 800-EASTMAN (800-327-8626)
Other Locations, +(1) 423-229-2000
www.eastman.com/locations
www.therminol.com.
Latin America Europe/Middle East/Africa Asia Pacific
Solutia Brasil Ltda. Solutia Europe SPRL/BVBA Eastman (Shanghai) Chemical
A subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company A subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company Commercial Company Ltd.
Rua Alexandre Dumas, 1711—Birmann 12— Corporate Village—Aramis Building Building 3, Yaxin Science & Technology Park
7º Andar 04717-004 Leonardo Da Vincilaan 1 Lane 399 Shengxia Road
São Paulo, SP, Brazil 1935 Zaventem, Belgium Pudong New District
201210, Shanghai, P.R. China
Telephone: Telephone: +32 2 746 5000
Brazil, 0800 55 9989 Fax: +32 2 746 5700 Telephone: +86 21 6120 8700
Other Locations, +55 11 3579 1800 Fax: +86 21 5027 9229
Fax: +55 11 3579 1833
Although the information and recommendations set forth herein are presented in good faith, Eastman Chemical
Company and its subsidiaries make no representations or warranties as to the completeness or accuracy thereof.
You must make your own determination of its suitability and completeness for your own use, for the protection
of the environment, and for the health and safety of your employees and purchasers of your products. Nothing
contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product, process, equipment, or formulation
in conflict with any patent, and we make no representations or warranties, express or implied, that the use thereof
will not infringe any patent. NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER
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WAIVES ANY OF THE SELLER’S CONDITIONS OF SALE.
Safety Data Sheets providing safety precautions that should be observed when handling and storing our products
are available online or by request. You should obtain and review available material safety information before
handling our products. If any materials mentioned are not our products, appropriate industrial hygiene and other
safety precautions recommended by their manufacturers should be observed.
© 2016 Eastman Chemical Company. Eastman brands referenced herein are trademarks of Eastman Chemical
Company or one of its subsidiaries or are being used under license. The ® symbol denotes registered trademark
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TF-43 10/16