Designing of an efficient drainage system along State Highway

Specific objective-

 To determine catchment area and the expected flow

 To collect design information for drainage system
 To determine Runoff onto the road and discharge of water
 To design the drainage channels using result obtained

A. Hydrological Analysis –

1) Determination of Runoff- The following formula known is used for finding Runoff-

Q = 1/36 CAI Where,

Q= Maxm. Runoff in m/sec
C= Surface runoff coefficient.
I= Critical intensity of storm in mm per hour occurring
during the time of concentration.
A= The catchment area in Sqkm

a) Calculation of catchment area-

i)Area of the land considering from the

C/L of the Black Top Road - 1.775 km x 0.01 km = 0.0178 Sqkm (A1)

ii) Area on the other side of the drain- 1.775 Km x 0.025Km = 0.0444 Sqkm (A2)
Total catchment area (A1+A2)- 0.0622 Sqkm

b) Calculation of Surface Runoff Coefficient-

Coefficient of Bituminous surface- 0.70 (C1)
Coefficient for other side built up area- 0.80 (C2)

Therefore, weighted value of runoff coefficient-

C= (C1A1+C2A2)/A1+A2
= (0.70x0.0178 +0.80x0.0444) /0.0622 = (0.01246+0.03552)/0.0622
= 0.04798/0.0622 = 0.7771
Therefore the runoff coefficient say, 0.78
Now putting the value in the following formula- Year Data collected for
monthly Maxm.
Peak flow (Q) = 1/36 CAI Rainfall (in mm/hr.)
= 1/36 x 0.777 x 0.0622 x 555.30 2013 480.75
= 1x 0.777 x 0.0622x535.30x 106 2014 535.30
36 x 60 x 60 x 1000 2015 495.28
= 258.71/36x36
2016 498.68
= 0.1996 cum/sec, say, 0.20 cum/sec
2017 495.65
B. Hydraulic Analysis-

Design of Trapezoidal section-

Cross-section area (A) of the drainage will be obtained from the following formula-

Q= A x V Where, Q is the quantity of rain water/surface runoff in cum/sec

A is the cross section area in Sqm and

V is the velocity of flow in m/sec which is 1.5m/sec for conc.

lining surface.
Hence, A = Q/V B

= 0.20/1.5 = 0.133 Sqm Free board- 0.20m

d d

Considering Side slope(S) 1:1 and bottom width of the drain is 1.20 m

B= b+2d = 1.20 m + 2xd

We know, Area = 0.50 x (B+d) x d

0.133 = 0.50 x (1.2+2d +d) x d

= 0.6d +1.5 d2

1.5 d2 +0.60d-0.133=0

Hence, d= 0.56m

Therefore, top width (B)= (b+2d) = (1.20 + 2x0.56)m = 2.32 m, Say, 2.30 m

Hence, required section- Bottom width- 1.20 m, Top width- 2.30 m, Effective depth (d)= 0.56 m and

Depth (D)= (effective depth +Free board)=(0.56+0.20)= 0.76 m

Calculation of Effective Area (Aef.) & wetted perimeter-

Aef.= 0.50 x (b+d) x d = 0.50 x (1.2+0.56)x0.56 Sqm = 0.493 Sqm

Wetted perimeter = Length of two side slope (s) + Bottom width (b)

From Pythagoras theorem-

S2 = d2 + d2 or, s = (0.562 +0.562 )1/2 = 0.792 m

Hence, wetted perimeter= (2x0.792+1.2)m = 2.784 m

Calculation of longitudinal slope-

From Manning’s formula-

V= 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2 Where, V= velocity of flow in m/sec

Therefore, S= (nxV/R2/3 )2 n= Manning’s Roughness Coefficient

R= Hydraulic Radius

S= Longitudinal slope

Hydraulics Radius R = C/S area (A)/ wetted perimeter

= 0.133/2.784 = 0.048 m

We know, n=0.04, V= 1.5 m/sec,

Therefore, S= [0.04x1.5/0.0482/3 ]2 = [0.06/0.146]2 = 0.169

Hence, proposed slope say, is 0.170