KENDRIYA VIDAYALAYA NO-2

NAUSENABAUGH, VISAKHAPATNAM

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
REPORT

In partial fulfillment of AISSCE 2019

physics practical.

Name: Raj Kunwar

Class: XII-A
Roll No: 09
AIM:-

To study the factor on which the self

inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil, when put in series with
a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.

APPARATUS:-

A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) a.c.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft
iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
THEORY:-
Self inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current through
it. The self inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is

µ0 µ𝑟 𝑁2 𝐴
L=
𝑙

where µ𝑟 = Relative magnetic permeability of

magnetic material,
µ
µ𝑟 =
µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid

l = length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:

1. No. of turns (N) , L α N²

𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α
𝒍
3. Nature of core material, L α µ

When an inductor is connected in series with

a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is

𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
𝑍

Where Z = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c.

circuit. Here

R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil

𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb is

H = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
Zt
𝐻
P= = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
Z
𝑡

P = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
√𝑅2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor ( 𝑅ℎ ).

3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see

the brightness of bulb.

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the

frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil

& note the current & brightness. The current
& brightness both decreases.

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

frequency of a.c. source.

OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.
S.NO Frequency Current in Current in
of applied ammeter ammeter with
voltage without iron iron rod in
(Hz) rod in coil (A) coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4

RESULT:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.

2. Current should be passed for a small time

to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERRORS:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

coil.
 INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS
1. AIM

2. APPARATUS

3. THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4. PROCEDURE

5. OBSERVATION

6. RESULT

7. PRECAUTIONS

8. SOURCES OF ERRORS