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Definition of Earthing :
• Earthing is the process of connecting an earth
conductor to the earth electrode. It helps to
prevent electric shocks by providing a low
impedance, low resistance, return path for any
fault current to get back to the distribution
panel. This high return fault current will cause
the circuit's breaker to trip and disconnect the
fault.
• Soil resistivity is most necessary when determining the design of the grounding
system for new installation (green field application ) to meet ground resistance
requirement.
• The soil composition , moisture content, and temperature all impact the soil
resistivity .
• Soil is rarely homogenous and the resistivity of the soil will vary geographically
and at different soil depths.
• Since soil and water are generally more stable at deeper strata , it is
recommended that the ground rods to be placed as deep as possible into the
earth.
• Ground rods should be installed where there is stable temperature.
• For grounding system to be effective, it should be designed to withstand the
worst possible conditions.
How to calculate soil resistivity?
• Formula is as follows
ρ = 2ΠAR
ρ = average soil resistivity to the depth A in ohm-cm.
Π = 3.1416
A = distance between the electrodes in cm
R = measured resistance value in ohms from the test instrument.