Nutrient Webquest in the Worldbook Student

From the library page, go into the Worldbook Encyclopedia. Then,

type the first topic into the search box.

Fill in the missing words using information found in the Worldbook Student

FATS

Fats provide __________to the body. Fats are found in animals and plants.

Fatty acids occur in two forms called _______________ and

_________________.

Most fats from animal sources contain a large proportion of ___________

___________ and are said to be highly saturated.

Most—but not all—fats from vegetable sources are ______________.

Eating a high-fat diet can lead to __________. Obesity is overweight

severe enough to pose a medical risk. People with obesity have an increased
likelihood of many health problems, including ____________ and
_____________.

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates provide ______________ to the body. Carbohydrates

include all sugars and starches.

All carbohydrates consist of the chemical elements carbon,

____________, and oxygen.

There are two kinds of carbohydrates, __________ and ___________.

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PROTEIN

Protein provides ______________ to the body.

Proteins make up a large part of each cell in the human body.

Proteins are important in ___________, ____________, and

____________ tissues in the human body, especially bone cartilage and
muscle.

Foods high in protein include cheese, eggs, fish, meat, and milk. The proteins
in these foods are called _________________ because they contain
adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids.

Cereal grains, legumes (plants of the pea family), nuts, and vegetables also
supply proteins. These proteins are called ______________ because they
lack adequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.

A combination of two incomplete proteins can provide a complete amino acid

mixture (a complete protein).

VITAMINS

Vitamin is a(n) ______________ chemical compound that the body needs in

small amounts.

Vitamins regulate chemical reactions by which the body converts food into
energy and living tissues.

Over time, continued lack of one vitamin can result in a

____________________. Such diseases include beriberi (lack of
___________), pellagra (lack of _________), rickets (lack of
______________), and scurvy (lack of ___________).

Vitamins can be divided into two general groups. ______________ vitamins

dissolve in fats, while _____________ vitamins dissolve more readily in
water.

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Fat-soluble vitamins are the vitamins ___, ___, ___, and K. The body can
store these vitamins in the liver and fatty tissues.

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve more easily in water and other fluids,

including blood and urine. These vitamins are less easily stored by the body
and individuals should eat foods that contain them daily. The water-soluble
vitamins include vitamin ___ and others that are often collectively called the
____________ or B vitamins.

MINERALS

Minerals are needed for the __________ and maintenance of body

structures.

People need only small amounts of minerals each day.

Minerals are _______________—that is, they are not created by living

things.

Required minerals (macro-minerals) include _________, chlorine,

magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, __________, and sulfur.

The following minerals are essential parts of bones and teeth: Calcium,
magnesium, and _____________.

______________ is also necessary for blood clotting. Milk and milk

products are the richest sources of ___________.

Cereals and meats provide ______________. Whole-grain cereals, nuts,

legumes, and green leafy vegetables are good sources of magnesium.

These minerals, called ____________ or microminerals, include chromium,

copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.

Iron is an important part of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying molecule in red

blood cells.

Green leafy vegetables, whole-grain breads and cereals, ___________, and

liver are good sources of trace elements (microminerals).

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WATER

______________ is, perhaps, the most critical nutrient.

We can live without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can go
without water for only about __________week(s).

The body needs water to carry out all of its life processes. Watery
solutions help _________________and carry them to all the tissues.

The body also needs water to carry away _________ ____________ and
to ________ itself.

4
Nutrient Webquest in the Worldbook Student

From the library page, go into the Worldbook Encyclopedia. To begin, type
the first topic into the search box.

Fill in the missing words using information found in the Worldbook Student

FATS

Fats provide energy to the body. Fats are found in animals and plants.

Fatty acids occur in two forms called saturated and unsaturated.

Most fats from animal sources contain a large proportion of saturated fats
and are said to be highly saturated.

Most—but not all—fats from vegetable sources are unsaturated.

Eating a high-fat diet can lead to obesity. Obesity is overweight severe

enough to pose a medical risk. People with obesity have an increased
likelihood of many health problems, including diabetes and coronary artery
disease.

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates provide energy to the body. Carbohydrates include all sugars

and starches.

All carbohydrates consist of the chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen.

There are two kinds of carbohydrates, simple and complex.

PROTEIN

Protein provides energy to the body.

Proteins make up a large part of each cell in the human body.

5
Proteins are important in building, maintaining, and repairing tissues in the
human body, especially bone cartilage and muscle.

Foods high in protein include cheese, eggs, fish, meat, and milk. The proteins
in these foods are called complete proteins because they contain adequate
amounts of all the essential amino acids.

Cereal grains, legumes (plants of the pea family), nuts, and vegetables also
supply proteins. These proteins are called incomplete proteins because they
lack adequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.

A combination of two incomplete proteins can provide a complete amino acid

mixture (a complete protein).

VITAMINS

Vitamin is an organic chemical compound that the body needs in small

amounts.

Vitamins regulate chemical reactions by which the body converts food into
energy and living tissues.

Over time, continued lack of one vitamin can result in a vitamin deficiency
disease. Such diseases include beriberi (lack of Thiamine), pellagra (lack of
Niacin), rickets (lack of Vitamin D), and scurvy (lack of Vitamin C).

Vitamins can be divided into two general groups. Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve
in fats, while water-soluble vitamins dissolve more readily in water.

Fat-soluble vitamins are the vitamins A, D, E, and K. The body can store
these vitamins in the liver and fatty tissues.

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve more easily in water and other fluids,

including blood and urine. These vitamins are less easily stored by the body
and individuals should eat foods that contain them daily. The water-soluble
vitamins include vitamin C and others that are often collectively called the B
complex or B vitamins.

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MINERALS

Minerals are needed for the growth and maintenance of body structures.

Minerals are needed to maintain the composition of the digestive juices and
the fluids that are found in and around the cells. People need only small
amounts of minerals each day.

Minerals are inorganic compounds—that is, they are not created by living
things.

Required minerals (macro-minerals) include calcium, chlorine, magnesium,

phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur.

These minerals are essential parts of bones and teeth: Calcium, magnesium,
and phosphorus.

Calcium is also necessary for blood clotting. Milk and milk products are the
richest sources of calcium.

Cereals and meats provide phosphorus. Whole-grain cereals, nuts, legumes,

and green leafy vegetables are good sources of magnesium.

These minerals, called trace elements or microminerals, include chromium,

copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.

Iron is an important part of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying molecule in red

blood cells.

Copper helps the body make use of iron to build hemoglobin.

Manganese and zinc are required for the normal action of various enzymes.

Green leafy vegetables, whole-grain breads and cereals, seafood, and liver
are good sources of trace elements.

WATER

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Water is, perhaps, the most critical nutrient.

We can live without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can go without
water for only about one week.

The body needs water to carry out all of its life processes. Watery solutions
help dissolve other nutrients and carry them to all the tissues. The chemical
reactions that turn food into energy or tissue-building materials can take
place only in a watery solution.

The body also needs water to carry away waste products and to cool itself.