Petit Dico - Peshitto Aramaic

P’shitto Aramaic Dictionary, by Rick Wills
`ẅiY¦ r© `ŸhiWR
¦
The Ancient P’shitto
Dictionary of P’shitto
This vocabulary with its notations

are produced through the ministry of
Rick Wills, Wellsprings of Torah,

PO Box 446, Waxhaw, NC 28173 USA
www.TorahWellsprings.org
All publication rights are reserved.

Personal printing and academic use are permitted.
Start of Project: 07/18/2005 Current Progress: 12/28/2005
Compiled by Rick Wills / www.TorahWellsprings.org / POB 446 Waxhaw, NC 28173 USA / Permission Required for Publication
Pronunciation Chart
c C h Y z u- v f q W
d’h d t t’h s’th tz/ts z s sh
l x b B w M j- k g d
l’h r’h j’h g q k k’h ch’ h’
r ` i e a
au a’ yh/ih w v
A R s- t o- p m- n
b p f n m
œ ¦ ¥ ¨ © ª
i’ ih eh oh ah uh
The œ above a letter indicates the consonant is silent or nearly silent.
The combination of eª is the EW or UW sound.
The combination of e¨ is the OW or AW sound.
The ¨ is an OH sound, but not as strong as the e ¨ combination,

which is the OW (as in “ own” ). It it is written as a simple O in this translation,
but it is a subtle sound that is somewhere between the AH and OW sounds.
The absence of pointing for a consonant is treated as a Hebrew Shwa,

being barely vocal at a syllable start, and truncated for a syllable closure.
The following combinations special treatment... An i¦ is an EE sound.

An i¥ is an EI sound. An i© is an AI sound. An i¨ is an OI sound.
When a i¦ (normally YI) is at the start of a word, it is pronounced as i`

¦ , having an EE sound.
Any consonant that is not preceded by a vowel, nor carries a vowel, can quiesce or diphthong.
The consonants of i- e- d- ` are weak sounds, and quiesce (muted) or diphthong (slurred)
at the start and end of words, and when not linking nor carrying a strong vowel.
Peshitto Aramaic Conjunctives
Properties Definition Joining Consonant Joining Vowel

Possessive Singular Pronouns
1-prs pos cm-sg My / Mine i- - - * i- - -
2-prs pos ml-sg Your’s / of You 2
j-¨ - - 1
j- - -
2-prs pos fm-sg Your’s / of You ik-¥ - - 3
ik- - -
3-prs pos ml-sg of His 5
d-¥ - - 4
idœ- - -
3-prs pos fm-sg of Hers D-¨ - - D- - -
Possessive Plural Pronouns
1-prs pos cm-pl Ours / of Ours 7
o-© - - 6
o- - -
2-prs pos ml-pl Yours’ / of Yours 8
oek̈- - - * oek̈- - -
2-prs pos fm-pl Yours’ / of Yours 9
oik-
¥ -- * oik-
¥ --
3-prs pos ml-pl Theirs’ / of Theirs oed̈- - - * oed̈- - -
3-prs pos fm-pl Theirs’ / of Theirs oid-
¥ -- * oid-
¥ --
Subjective Singular Pronouns
1-prs sbj cm-sg Me <he hit me> ip-© - - ip- - -
2-prs sbj ml-sg You <he hit you> 2
j-¨ - - 1
j- - -
2-prs sbj fm-sg You <he hit you> 3
ik- - - * ik- - -
3-prs sbj ml-sg Him <he hit him> 5
d-¥ - - idœe- - idœi- - 4
idœ- - -
3-prs sbj fm-sg Her <he hit her> D-¨ - - D- - -
Subjective Plural Pronouns
1-prs sbj cm-pl Us <he hit us > 7
o-© - - 6
o- - -
2-prs sbj ml-pl All <he hit everyone> 8
oek̈- - - * oek̈- - -
2-prs sbj fm-pl All <he hit everyone> 9
oik-
¥ -- * oik-
¥ --
3-prs sbj ml-pl Them <he hit them> oep̈ ¥̀ - - - * oep̈ ¥̀ - - -
3-prs sbj fm-pl Them <he hit them> oi¥p ¥̀ - - - * oi¥p ¥̀ - - -
Properties Definition Separate Appended

Objective Singular Pronouns
1-prs obj cm-sg I <I sat> `p̈ ¥̀ - - - `p̈ œ̀ `p̈ ¥̀ - - -
2-prs obj ml-sg You <you sat> Yœ
p`© - - - Y-© - -
2-prs obj fm-sg You <you sat> iYœ
p`© - - - iY-© - -
3-prs obj ml-sg He <he sat> edª - - - edœ- - - e- - -
3-prs obj fm-sg She <she sat> id¦ - - - idœ- - -
Objective Plural Pronouns
1-prs obj cm-pl We <we sat> o©pg - - - o©p- - -
2-prs obj ml-pl All <all sat> oeŸœ
p`© - - - oeŸ- - -
2-prs obj fm-pl All <all sat> oiY¥ œ
p`© - - - oiY-
¥ --
3-prs obj ml-pl They <they sat> oep̈d¥ - - - oep̈ ¥̀ - - -
3-prs obj fm-pl They <they sat> oi¥pd¥ - - - oi¥p ¥̀ - - -
Properties Definition Appended Example

Group Possession Pronouns
1-prs grp-pos cm-sg My i-© - - my horses
1-prs grp-pos cm-pl Our oi-© - - our horses
2-prs grp-pos ml-sg Your Ji-© - - your horses (a man)
2-prs grp-pos ml-pl Everyone oeM̈i-© - - everyone’s horses (men)
2-prs grp-pos fm-sg Your iMi-© - - your horses (a woman)
2-prs grp-pos fm-pl Everyone oiMi

¥ -© - - everyone’s horses (women)
3-prs grp-pos ml-sg His idœe-¥ - - idœe-© - - his horses (a man)
3-prs grp-pos ml-pl Their oed̈i-© - - their horses (men)
3-prs grp-pos fm-sg Her Di-¥ - - her horses (a woman)
3-prs grp-pos fm-pl Their oidi

¥ -© - - their horses (women)
Properties Definition Singular Plural

Verb-Pronouns Past Tense
1-prs past cm I/We walked (common) z-¥ - - o- - - o©p- - -
2-prs past ml You/All walked (male) Y- - - oeŸ- - -
2-prs past fm You/All walked (female) œiY- - - oiY-
¥ --
3-prs past ml He/They walked (male) ---- oi- ¦ - - œe- - - oe-ª - -
3-prs past fm She/They walked (female) z-© - - ---- œi- - - oi -¥ - -
Verb-Pronouns Present Tense
1-prs present cm I/We walk (common) ---` ---p
2-prs present ml You/All walk (male) ---z oe-ª - - z
2-prs present fm You/All walk (female) oi- ¦ - - z o-¨ - - z
3-prs present ml He/They walk (male) ---p oe-ª - - p
3-prs present fm She/They walk (female) ---z o-¨ - - p
Properties Definition Information Construct

Miscellaneous Contractions
Relational in, with, beside, through ---a
Demonstrative that, of, for, which - - - Cn ---c
Comparative and, but, yet, then, else ---e
Relational to, for, by ---l
Intensifier from, by, ---ing ---n
Nature (a manner of something) ze-ª - -
Identifier noun or noun-state (male) `-¨ - - (female) z`-
¨ --
Causitive he became, it occurred compare zi- ¦ - - (completeness) - - z¥p/zn/z
¥ ¥̀
special case above Infix 123 to verb: it will be if (first) 1 letter is f, c inserted 3 2
C 1 p/n/`
special case above Infix 123 to verb: it will be if (first) 1 letter is v, h inserted 3 2
h 1 p/n/`
special case above Infix 123 to verb: it will be if first 1 letter is y/q, Y inserted 3 2
Y 1 p/n/`
special case above he became, it occurred paired prefix Wz/Wp/Wn/W`
Consonants weak vocalizations can quiesce in contractions p/i/e/d/`
special case above modified if first and vowel letter - - - i¦ >>> becomes >>> - - - `¦ - - - `-¦ or - - - `¦ or - - - i`¦
Peshitto Aramaic Vocabulary
* Aramaic * * Phonetics * * Usage: {speech} definition (english) <tech. info.> [word ref.] *
` A Olaf / 1st letter of Alaf-Beth

à̈`© a-vo father, progenitor
cä ¥̀ e-vodh destroy, perish, ruin / lose, waste, expend
idœeaª `© a-vuwi his father [ref. à`]
ì̈a¦ `© a-vi-yo Name: Aviyo
ceiªa¦ `© a-vi-yuwdh Name: Aviyudh
`li
¥ a¦ `© a-vee’le {pl.} grieving, mourning, sorrowful [ref. `la`]
`l̈ä` e’vo-lo mourn, grieve, lament
rA© `© ab’bau bring forth, cause to abound, make evident, reveal
md̈xa
¨ `© av’ro-hom Name: Avrohom (Abraham)
`q̈xebª`¨ a-jhuwr’so field, estate, farm, land, property / village area
xb̈`¨ o-jhor if, but if, on condition, suppose that, provided that / wait for, be patient
`x¥B̈ ¥̀ e-go-re spirit possession, gone mad, lunatic, roof dweller <a roof/house top>
`xB
¨ `© ag’ro hire, wages, payment, reward / lengthen, stretch, drag out / wait upon
i©pc ¥̀ edh’nai ears of the head / a bay of the sea <anything that stands out as a handle>
`xC
¨ ¥̀ ed’ro threshing place, grain barn
e`© aw either, or, else, rather / Indeed! Certainly! <an observed comparison>
è¨`¨ a-wa to make comparison, considerations / else, or, maybe, rather
lae
¥ `© aw’vel lead, carried away, bring, brought forth
`Ce
¥ `© aw’de make testimony, make the assertion / confesses, professes [ref. `ci]
iCe¦ `© aw’dee praise, proclaim, profession, belief
`cge
¥ `© awch’dhe leased to, assigned to, handed it over, transferred stewardship [ref. cg`]
`ŸnM̈e ª̀ uwc’com’to black [ref. mk`]
cle
¥ `© aw’ledh birthed, fathered, bore, beget, sired
`p̈v̈le ª̀ uwl’tzo-no persecution, sufferings [ref. ul`]
oe ª̀ uwn {excl.} Oh! Ah! <in the sense of reproach and imploring> [cmp. oi`]
`xve
¨ `¨ owtz’ro storage place, treasury, storehouse, barn, granary
cwe
¥ `© aw’qedh kindle, set on fire, burn / excite, incite, provoke
`g̈xe ª̀ uwr’cho a way, pathway, passage, road <clear for travel> / system or way of belief
ì̈xe¦ ª̀ uw’ri-yo Name: Uriyo (Uriah)
`Ÿixe¨ ª̀ uw’roi’to Torah, first five scrolls of Moses
rxe© ª̀ uw’rau meet, encounter / engage, attack
`z̈rwxe
© ª̀ uwr’qau’tho strip of cloth, patch / rag, piece, tatter [ref. `rwex]
mlW
¥ xe¦ ª̀ uw’rish’lem Place: U’rishlem (Jerusalem)
hWe
¥ `© aw’shet stretch out, hold forth [ref. hWi]
zwC
© Cf
© ¥̀ ez-dad’qath be justified, made worthy, proven true [ref. wcf and 3 2
C 1 p/n/`]
exdœCf
© ¥̀ ez’darw you must beware, have caution, be alert [ref. xdf and 3 2
C 1 p/n/`]
lf¥`¨ o-zel went, departed, leave, go, gone
lf© ¥̀ e-zal way, route, journey
`l̈f̈`¨ o-zo-lo useful, working, applied to, goes for [ref. lf`]
`g¥ `© a-che {pl.} brothers
eag¥ `© a-chev’w be loving [ref. àg]
cg¥ `¨ o-chedh take, apprehend, grasp, grab, catch
idœeg`
© i’chaw-i {pl.} his brothers [ref. `g`]
fg̈`¨ o-choz Name: Ochoz
cig¦ `© a-cheedh seized, holding, retaining / shut out, closed / ruler, governor [ref. cg`]
oici¦ g¦ `© a-chee’dheen upheld, regarded, esteemed, respected [ref. cg`]
xg̈`© a-chor tarry, delay, be late
¨ œ̀
ì̈xg ’ch’ro-yo the last, end of, finality
¨ œ̀
z©ixg ch’ro-yath afterward
¨ œ̀
`¥pxg ’ch’ro-ne {pl.} others, additional, more
¦ œ̀
`p̈xg ’ch’ri-no other, another, beside, additionally, afterward
¦ œ̀
`z̈xg ch’ri-tho another, something else, different
lh¥ `© a-tel overshadow, shaded [ref. `llh]
`ci¨ `© ai’dho who, which, that <the motion of a hand to identify> [cmp. `fi`]
`ci¨ `¦ ee’dho hand / to lead; rule; guide / deliver <hand in hand, and to hand over>
ei`¦ eew good, well done, excellent <in praise or admiration>
`f̈i`© ai’zo who, what, such as, that, wherever [cmp. `ci`]
ji`© aikh {excla.} what, even, indeed / {assoc.} according to, the same as
`M̈i`© ai’ko where, when <as a place or event, or where upon>
`p̈Mi
© `© ai’ka-no what, where, as it was, in the manner, in this way, by this, through this
li`¦ eel God, Most Powerful, Creator [cmp. `dl`]
oili
¥ `© ai’lein {pl.} what, that / who, those, them, they / particular, which
`p̈l̈i`¦ ee’lo-no tree <fruit tree>
`M̈ni
¥ `© ai’mek’ko whence? from where? where?
oin¦ n̈i`¦ ee’mo-neen days [cmp. oinei and inei and `ni]
oi`¦ een yes, it is so, affirmative, indeed, agreed [cmp. oe`]
`p̈i`¦ ee’no {excla.} where, which, whether / unless, except, but / nor, neither
wg̈qi`¦ ees’choq Name: Is’choq (Issac)
l¥i`xqi
¨ `¦ ees’ro-yel Name: Is’royel (Israel)
`wi
¦ `¦ ee’qi without cause, unjustly, vainly, self justified
egi
ª xi¦ `¦ ee’ree’chuw Place: I’richu (Jericho)
iWi
© `¦ ee’shai Name: Ishai
zi`¦ eeth brought, arrived, attained, possess / nearness, existing, there is, some
idœezi
© `¦ ee’thawi he exists, he is it <to be and to live> [ref. `z` and ide- - ]
oedi
ª zi
© `¦ ee’thai’huwn they exist, they are it <to be and to live> [ref. `z` and oedi- - ]
`¥pck¥ `¨ o-khedh’ne a viper, any of various poisonous snakes in the viper family
`l̈eMª`¨ o-kuw’lo glutton, always eating [ref. lk`]
`cgk
¨ `© akh’ch’dho together, as one, compounded
oik¦ `© a-kheen Name: Akhin
lk¥ `¨ o-khel {pl.} eating, consuming
`l̈k`© akh’lo rust, weevil / eater, devourer / decay, decomposition
`v̈x © elk
ª ¥̀ ekh’luw qar’tzo {phrase} make accusation against, bitingly assail <lit. devour ravenously>
`v̈xwl
© k¥ `¨ o-khel’qar’tzo Name: Okhel’qartzo (Deceiver), slanderer, defamer, accuser, adversary
mk̈` i’khom blackened, darken / shut, close, blocked passage
qM¥ `© a-kes refute, reprove / prove false
ì̈p̈qk`© akhs’no-yo traveler, stranger, visitor, foreigner, outsider / Goy, Gentile
`z̈M`© ak’tho anger, enmity, grudge, malice
`l̈ ¥̀ e-lo but, except, without, omitting, however, else, unless, rather, save alone
o ¥ `l̈ ¥̀ e-lo en {phrase} unless, except <lit. else if>
cl© `¦ i-ladh birth, bare a child
`d̈l̈`© a-lo-ho Name: Aloho (God) [cmp. li`]
ì̈l¦ ¥̀ e-li-yo Name: Eliyo (Elijah)
ì̈l ¥̀ el’yo grieving, mourning, wailing, crying out with emotion
ceiªl¦ ¥̀ e-li-yuwdh Name: Eliyudh
xf̈r̈il¦ ¥̀ e-lee’ao-zor Name: Eli’ozor
`v̈il¦ `© al’ee’tzo strait, narrow, constrained, reduced / urgent, requisite / afflicted, besieged
oivi
¦ l¦ `© a-lee’tzeen distressed, anguished, miserable, afflicted, oppressed
miw¦ ïl ¥̀ el’yo-qeem Name: El’yoqim
sl¥ `© a-lef teaches, instructs, informs
`ẗl ¥̀ el’fo a boat with masts for sailing, sea going vessel, sail boat
ul© ¥̀ e-latz urged, required, stressed
ul© ¥̀ e-latz to press, urge, compel / difficulty, trouble / narrowing path
dn¥ ¥̀ e-meh mother of <his>
oenª `© a-muwn Name: Amun
oin¦ `© a-meen truly, faithfully, with certainty, with agreement
xn`
© i’mar say, speak, proclaim, declare / answer, respond
`xn
¥ ¥̀ em’re {pl.} lambs, young sheep
oixn`
¦ i’m’reen they said, they asked
`z̈n`© am’tho a measure, a value <service> / a cubit length <hands> / hand-maid
izn© ¥̀ e-mathi when, ever, whenever, at any time
lYn
¥ `© am’tel speak figuratively, exposit, present, unraveled a tale [ref. `lzn and - - `]
lYn
¥ `© am’tel recite, to tell a parable or proverb <lit. he proverbed or parabled>
o ¥̀ en {cnd.} if, granting, allowing, supposing <introduction of a condition>
`p̈ ¥̀ e-no myself, I
`p̈ œ̀ ’no I, me, myself
qe`
¨ xCp
¥ `© and’dre’wos And’rewos (Andrew)
oepª ¥̀ e-nuwn they, them / are as, by comparison, a likeness <to them>
`wp©
¦ p`© a-nan’qi necessary, needful, unavoidable, must be
`Ẅp̈ œ̀ ’no-sho man, human being, person, husband, adult / people, men, mankind
oeYª œ
p`© at’tuwn you all
iYœ
p`© at’ti you
z̈Yœ
p`© at’tho wife
`z̈Yœ
p`© at’tho a woman, a wife
¥ œ
dzY p`© at’theh wife of, his wife
`q¥ `© a-se to heal, remedy, cure, make whole
`q̈`¨ o-so Name: Oso
xeqª`© a-suwr bind, fasten, tie / band, belt, gird / shackle, chain [ref. xq`]
`z̈e¨chq
© ¥̀ est’dha-wa-tho stadia, a stadium distance, about 1/8th a mile <a battlefield length>
`he
¥ iªh¦ xhq
© ¥̀ est’ra-ti-yuw’te {pl.} soldiers, military personnel
10
`xi¥ q¦ `© a-see’re fasteners, chains, shackles, cages, dungeons <a prison>
lMq
¥ `© as’kel {pst/tns contr.} have offended, caused an offence [ref. - - ` and `lkq]
oilq
¦ `© as’leen reject, spurn, refuse / contempt, scorn [ref. `lq]
`B̈etq
ª ¥̀ es’fuwg’go sponge <a porous skeleton of certain sea animals that can absorb fluids>
`xi¨ tq
¦ ¥̀ es’pee’ro globe, sphere, circle, ball / company, clump / soldiers
oici¦ xRq
¦ ¥̀ esp’ree’dheen round basket <ball shape> [ref. `xitq`]
wq¥ `© a-seq to raise, elevate, place above and over, offer gifts and praise / bring up
xq© ¥̀ e-sar bind, fasten, tie / band, belt, gird / shackle, chain
xq̈ ¥̀ e-sor belt, girdle, pant, wrapping
`x¨q̈`© a-so-ro the smallest Roman coin, small copper coin <a tenth of a `fef>
`xŸq
¦ ¥̀ est’ti-ro Roman Stater, Hebrew Sheqel <silver coin, worth four Zuzin>
xir¦ `© a-eer was awakened, was roused, was stirred [ref. xer and - - `]
`ẗr`© au’fo double, folded <a place within another>
s`¨ auf (oph) {excla.} even, indeed, certainly, therefore / also, as well, including
`R`
¥ i’pe {pl.} faces, persons / appearances, the look of something
iR© `© ap’pai curtain, veil [ref. `t`]
qiR¦ `© a-pees to persuade, convince, compel, incite [ref. qit / cmp. qt` and qt]
`l̈t`¨ of’lo {contr.} even not, certainly not [ref. s` and `l]
ot¥ `¨ o-fen even, although, at least
`p̈t`© af’no the face / to present, show forth, display / presence, appearance
qR¥ `© a-pes give leave, allow, permit [ref. qt]
wR¥ `© ap’peq get it out, have it removed, get it / drive away, purge [ref. wtp and - - `]
ziahv
¦ ¥̀ etz’t’vith pleased, satisfied, delighted [ref. àv and 3 2
h 1 p/n/` and zi- ¦ - ]
ixhv
¦ ¥̀ etz’t’ree was rent, tore apart, ripped [ref. `xv and 3 2
h 1 p/n/` and i- ¦ - ]
sv̈`¦ i-tzof <rare usage> anxious, uneasy, overly concerned, fretting [ref. svi]
miw¦ `© a-qeem fixed, settled, put forward, agreed
oirAx
¦ `© ar’b’eem numeral: forty <the number 40>
11
`xq
¥ r¥ Ax
© `© ar’ba-es’re numeral: fourteen
zr̈Ax`© arb’bouth numeral: four
`g̈iex
¦ `© ar’wee’cho broad, expansive [ref. `giex]
`f̈x¨œ̀ ‘ro-zo mystery, puzzle, symbolism, likeness / private agreement, secret council
ewgx
¥ `© ar’cheq’w be removed, depart from, flee away [ref. wgx]
jx© ¥̀ e-rakh stretch, widen, lengthen, prolong, extend
`p̈ekx
ª `© ar’khuw’no ruler, governor, leader, officer
qe`¨ l© kx
¥ `© ar’khe-la-ows Name: Ar’khaleos (Archelaus)
mx¨`¨ o-rom Name: Orom
ì̈nx© ¥̀ e-ram’yo Name: Eram’yo (Jeremiah)
`z̈lnx
© `© ar’mal’tho widowed, widows, widowhood <a woman whose husband is dead>
rx© ¥̀ e-rau {neg.} to meet, encounter, contend, confront, assail <misfortune>
`r̈x`© ar’au earth, ground, land, territory / boundaries, mete, containment [ref. rx`]
cW¥ ¥̀ e-shedh to shed waters, shed forth, shedding, pour out, flow away
eeW
© `© ash’waw level out, grade off and fill in holes
biW¦ `© a-sheejh be washed; cleansed; purified [ref. beW]
mlW
¥ `¨ osh’lem handed over, delivered, given up / ceased stopped, interrupted / betrayed
ì̈rW© ¥̀ e-shau’yo Name: Eshau’yo (Isaiah)
`z̈Ẅ ¥̀ e-sho-tho fire, fever
`r̈Ce¨ YW
© ¥̀ esh’taw’do-au recognized, knew, identified [ref. rci and rceW and 3 2 Y 1 p/n/`]
mlYW
¥ ¥̀ esh’t’lem [ref. mlW and mlW` and 3 2
z 1 p/n/`]
rnYW
© ¥̀ esh’t’mau Infix: {fut.} it will be heard [ref. rny and 3 2
C 1 p/n/`]
er© YW
© ¥̀ esh’ta-auw report, relate, explain [ref. `rW and 3 2
Y 1 p/n/`]
`z¥ `¦ i-the {pl. fut.} I will go along, I will follow
`z̈`¨ o-tho bring, carry / go with, follow / come, arrive, approach / to occur / sign
ew© Az
© ¥̀ et’ba-qaw meditating, concentrating [ref. `wa and - - z`]
ez© ¥̀ e-thaw they came, they followed [ref. `z`]
12
`p̈eYª `© a-tuw’no furnace, fire pit, a place for burning <a last or final place> [ref. opz]
`z̈ez
¨ `¨ oth’wo-tho sign, signature, mark
eix¦hz
© ¥̀ eth’ta-ree’w and they beat [ref. `xh and - - z¥p/zn/z
¥ ¥̀ ]
cli
¥ z¦ ¥̀ e-thee’ledh mothered, birthed
oiz© `¦ i-thayn we came
lY¥ ¥̀ e-tel Construct: I will give <contraction, p is quiesced> [ref. lzp and - - `]
aAœlz
© ¥̀ eth’lav be heartened, have heart, be encouraged, be strong [ref. aal and - - z`]
`p̈z̈`© a-tho-no female donkey or ass
xz© `¨ o-thar place, region, town, locality / where <inferring a place>
`xz
¨ `© ath’ro place, region, countryside, district, locality, property [ref. xz`]
ieYY
¦ ¥̀ et’t’wee {contr} reconsidered, repented [ref. ez and - - z`]
a B Beth / 2nd letter of Alap-Beth

WÀ¥ besh soured, made corrupt / displeased, indignant
la¥ Ä bo-vel Place: Bovel (Babylon)
YxC©A© bad’dart scattered, spread, sprinkled / disperse, distribute / dissipate
dÄ boh in her [ref. - - a and d- - ]
zda
© b’hath shamed, disgraced, confused
feAª buwz plunder, despoil, pillage [ref. fa]
`xke
¨ Aª buwkh’ro firstborn, first, lowest, base, initial
iMxe
© Aª buwr’kai {pl.} knees
fa© baz plunder, despoil, pillage [ref. fea]
gf©A© ba-zaq mock, deride, to fool, deceive
rf̈a b’zau burst, break, rend, tear / wound, hurt
xg© Ä bo-char inspect, examine, investigate, look closely, considered / tested, proven
`l̈ḧA© ba-to-lo idle, non-productive, ceased, unfruitful / vain, empty, void, nullified
`p̈hA© bat’no pregnant, bellied
iA© bai house [ref. zia] <truncated slur of zia>
13
ia
¦ b’yi be with, beside, near, by
ia¦ bee without, outside, less
ì̈A© ba-yo comforted, encouraged, console, solace
oeì
ª A© bai’uwn they will be comforted; consoled [ref. ìa and ia]
c©iA b’yadh by the hand, through the, in the tradition
miA¦ beem platform, chair, throne, seat
i©piA© bai’nai between, among, within / privately, internally
WiA¦ beesh in excess, very much, too much / out of control, violating, corrupted
`ẄiA¦ bee’sho evil, cruel, wicked, corrupt, disorder / worthless, unfortunate [ref. Wia]
zi`
¦ Ẅia¦ bee’sho’yith wickedly, badly / with severity
`xi¥ q¦ © ziA¥ beith a-see’re {phrase} prison, dungeons <lit. house or place of captivity>
`rx
¥ © ziA¥ beith zar’eu {phrase} grain field, a portion of land for crops <lit. house of grains>
dCl
¥ © ziA¥ beith yal’deh {Phrase} birthday <lit. house or placement of birth, ie. time of birth>
Àe
¥ ª ziA¥ beth kuw’be {phrase} thorny place, thorn patch, among bramble <lit. house of thorns>
`zi
¥ ¦ ziA¥ beith mee’the {Phrase} the graves, tombs <lit. houses or place of death>
`xe¥ aw
ª ziA¥ beith q’vuw’re {pl.} sepulchres, tombs <caves for burial> [cmp. `xaw]
`xe¨ aw
ª zia¥ beith q’vuw’ro {phrase} cemetery, burial place <lit. House of Burial>
`p̈Äxe ª ziA¥ beith quwr’bo-no {phrase} Treasury <lit. House of Gifts or Offerings>
`Ÿia© bai’to house, shelter / a place with association: country, family, labor, crops
mglzi
¥ a¥ beith’li-chem Place: Beith’lichem (Bethlehem)
ì̈przi
© a¥ beith’aun’yo Place: Beith’anyo (Bethany)
`B¥ R̈zia¥ beith’pog’ge Place: Beith’Pogge (Bethphage)
`cï¨ vzi
© A¥ beith’tza-yo-dho Place: Beithtza’yodho (Bethsaida)
`k̈a b’kho weep, lament
dk̈ä bo-khoh break through, split apart
ì̈kA¥ bekh’yo weeping, lamenting, breaking up <see dka and `ka>
`r̈elªA© ba-luw’au hook, fish-hook, grapple <for dragging the sea bottom>
14
ì̈l̈A b’lo-yo old clothes, worn-out clothes, rags
cr̈lA¥ bel’audh without, apart from
`p̈a b’no build, edify, construct
i¥pA b’nei {pl.} sons, children [ref. ìpa]
`Ẅp̈ œ i©pA b’nai ’no-sho mankind, men, sons of man, children of mankind
dYi
¥ © i©pA b’nai bai’teh {phrase} his household <his sons and daughters> <single suffix phrase>
ì̈©pA b’na-yo {pl.} sons, children [ref. ipa]
ì̈pA© ban’yo built, constructed
di¥pA b’neih children, household [ref. ipa and ìpa]
`Ẅp̈i©pa© ba-nai-no-sho mankind, fellow man, neighbor <lit. sons-of-man>
`q̈a b’so disdain, despise, scorn, devalue / neglect, ignore, disregard, slight
miq¦ A© ba-seem sweet smelling wood, fragrant / pleasurable, a delight
`xq
¨ a¥ bes’ro flesh of body / pulp of fruit [cmp. `xb
¨ t]
©
xYq
© a¥ bes’tar the back, hinderpart / behind, backside / follow after
`r̈a b’auo seek, hunt, acquire, pursue, chase / beseech, implore, beg, entreat
fr̈Ä bo-oz Name: Bo’oz (Boaz)
lrA
¥ b’ehl husband, master, headmaster, lord, keeper, officer
à̈äClra
¥ b’ehl’d’vo-vo manipulator, slanderer, adversary [ref. àac and lra and aeaflra]
dl̈rA© bau’loh husband, master
aeafl
ª rA¥ b’eulz’vuwv Name: B’eulz’vuv (Beelzebub), Master of the Underworld <flies>
`xi¨ vA
¦ b’tzee’ro small, diminished, inferior, lacking, less than, least, insignificant
`ẅa b’qo to test, prove, approve / contemplate, consider, meditate on
`w¥ Ä bo-qe gnat <small insect>
`xw
¨ A© baq’ro herd, drove, flock, cluster, group
xA© bar aged, son of, offspring / fellow, associate / outside, wild, foreign, beyond
`x¨B̈ ¥ xA© bar eg’go-ro {phrase} demon or maker of madness <lit. son of madness>
dzr
¥ ¨ xa© bar shou’theh {phrase} quickly, soon, at once <lit. born in an hour>
15
À© `x
© A© bar’a-ba Name: Bar’aba (Barabbas)
dxA
¥ b’reh son, male child
`p̈e©iCdxA
¥ b’reh’d’yaw’no Name: Breh D’yawno (Bar-Jonas) <Shemun/Simon>
ì̈xÄ© ba-ro-yo outer, omitted, removed / beyond, excluded, foreign / apart, separate
`k̈ixA
¦ b’ree’kho the blessed <those who bow with humility> [ref. jxa]
jx¥a© ba-rekh bless / kneel, bow / give to, yield to
ì̈kxA
© b’rakh’yo Name: B’rakhyo (Berechiah)
mxA
© b’ram but, and yet, however, nevertheless, moreover, additionally
`Ẅp̈xA© bar’no-sho man, person, fellow-man, common man, of mankind [ref. xa and `Wp`]
`ẅxa© bar’qo lightning
dzr
¥ ẄxA© bar’shou’theh at once, that moment, that instant <lit. the moment born>
zxA
© b’rath daughter [cmp. dxa and xa]
inle
© Yxª a© bar’tuwl’mai Name: Bar’tulmai (Bartholomew)
zä both lodged, housed, camped
dl̈ezA
ª b’thuw’loh untouched, virgin, betrothed, maiden <separated or reserved>
xz© Ä bo-thar after, later / behind, rear / follow
b G Gomal / 3rd letter of Alap-Beth

x`© B̈ go-ar to adulterate, adulterating [ref. xb]
à̈b g’vo chose, elect, collect
À¥ b© gab’be gather out, collect, selectively take / choose, appoint, assign
ì̈Äb© ga-bo-yo prison keeper, jailor, collection officer, tax collector, revenuer [ref. àb]
`xa
¨ B© gav’roh husband, master / elder, father / particular man, certain person
à̈äClrA
¥ `xa
¨ B© gav’ro b’ehld’vo-vo {phrase} evil man, cruel person <lit. man of slanderous accusations>
`x¨B̈ © `xa
¨ b© gav’ro tag’go-ro {phrase} a merchant <lit. a man of business> [ref. xbz]
`ŸlebªB̈ go-jhuwl’to Place: Gojulto (Golgotha)
ì̈cB
© g’dha-yo goats
lcb
¨ g’dol to twist, interweave, wickerwork, twine, plait / arrange, compose
16
on© qC
¦ B¥ ged’si-man Place: Ged’siman (Gethsemane)
sc¥b© ga-def blaspheme, to revile, impious disrespect, boldly disregard <against God>
`¥ixc
¨ b̈ godh’ro-ye Place: Godh’roye (Gadarenes)
`p̈d© b¦ gi-ha-no Gihano (Gehenna), garbage dump <an allusion to Hell or Hades>
è¨b© ga-wo inside, within, inner / in the midst of, the centrality of something
`v̈n̈ebª guw’mo-tzo hole, pit, trench, lower regions, the depths / pitfall
`xe¨ bª guw’ro adulterate, sex without marriage, commit adultery [ref. xb and `xb]
`n̈WeBª guwsh’mo body, solid form / the corporate, system <the whole of something>
jg̈b g’chokh laugh, merriment, dance / mock, deride, ridicule
`xe¨ iªB¦ gi-yuw’ro convert, proselyte <a Gentile-Foreigner believer>
q¥ib© ga-yes take prey, plunder, ravage <seize by force>
`q̈ïB© ga-yo-so robber, thief, marauder, bandit, pirate <a violent criminal> [ref. qib]
xiB¥ geir for, as a consequence, because, due to
`z̈xïb© ga-yor’tho adulterous <someone who openly commits adultery> [ref. xb and `xb]
`l̈B¥ ge-lo dry stalk, twig <a small piece -but not tiny or miniscule>
`l̈b g’lo open, exposed / banished, exiled / wronged, deprived, defrauded
`z̈elªb̈ go’luw’thoh exile, banishment <sent away to the openness> [ref. `lb]
ì̈lb¥ gel’yo publicly, openly, uncovered, revealed, exposed
`l̈ilb
¦ g’lee’lo Place: G’lilo (Galilee), hill country, foothills
`l¥ lœB© ga’le waves, swells, surge, billows <large waves>
`xi¥ nB
¦ g’mee’re {pl.} perfect, genuine, mature / complete, finished / thorough, studied
`l̈nb© gam’lo camel / rope from camels’ hair / to be thick / coarse, crude
`ln
¥ b© gam’le {pl.} camels
a©pb g’nav a side, shore, edge / the other place, elsewhere [cmp. àpb]
àp̈
¥ b© ga-no-ve thief, pilferer, a sneak, one who comes from the side to take [ref. apb]
`p̈epb
ª g’nuw’no bridal bed, bridal chambers / wedding feast
q¥pB g’nes collective / family, kindred, race, nation / species, varieties, types, things
17
`r̈b g’au to low or bellow as a bull / to implore [cmp. `rw]
`t¥ B¥ ge-fe arm, wing, fin <of a creature>
ot¥ b© ga-fen to dig, cultivate / vineyard and vine [cmp. `ztb]
`Ÿt¥ b© ga-fe-to vineyard / cultivated, dug up and furrowed / layered, terraced [ref. otb]
xb̈ gor adultery, illicit sex, sex without marriage [ref. `xeb and `xb]
xb¥ ger for, but, indeed, however [ref. xib]
xb© gar to haul, to drag away, to stir up / labor with, prolong / lust [ref. `xb]
`xb
¨ g’ro to drag, carry away / a trickle of fluid, melting to fluid <wax> / stir up
À̈xB© gar’bo leper <person having a disfiguring skin disease> / having leprosy
à̈xb
¨ g’ro-vo pot, jar, bottle, pitcher / a robe <a shell-like or skin-like covering>
ov̈ixB¦ g’ree’tzon cake, loaf <of bread>
`nx
¥ B© gar’me {pl.} bones
c D Dolath / 4th letter of Alap-Beth

`c¨ dho this, that
à`
¥ C¦ di-ve {pl.} wolves, wild dogs
el`
ª C¥ de’luw for had it, if it had [ref. `l` and - - c]
s`C¨ dof that even, that also
`xW`
¥ c¥ desh’re {contr.} <lit. that I dismiss> [ref. - - c and - - ` and `xW]
`xW`
¥ C¥ desh’re {contr} <lit. that I will dismantle> [ref. - - c and - - ` and `xW]
oiz`
¥ c¨ do’thein those that came <in particular, certain ones> [ref. oiz` and - - c]
à̈äc d’vo-vo slander, speaking evil, contentiousness [cmp. àah]
`z̈gaC¥ de’bach’tho sacrifice, slaughter, offerings on the Altar
waC
© d’vaq cling to, adhere, keep close / fasten together, clasp, join, be bound
xaC
© d’var seize, take, assault / take in, receive / to lead, guide
`xäC
© d’va-ro open country, wild area, wilderness
`Ẅac¥ dev’sho wild honey <a kosher product of an insect>
`l¥ B̈C© dag’go-le liar, false, deception, fraud
18
`z̈elªB̈c© dag’go-luw’tho lying, deceiving, cheating [ref. `lbc]
`d̈C d’ho behold, look here, observe this
à̈dC© dah’vo gold
ce¥c© da-wedh seeth, boil / perturbed, disturbed, troubled confused / disorderly
cie¦c© da-weedh Name: Dawidh (David)
`M̈eCª duw’ko a place, location, position / office, post
`p̈xke
¨ cª duwkh’ro-no memorial, remembrance [ref. xkc]
`l̈l̈ecª duw’lo-lo separation, divorcement, contractual release
Wec
¨ d’wash trod upon, trample, pound down with feet
oeWe
ª cª duw’shuwn they trample [ref. Wec and oe- - ]
`g̈c¥ de-cho to arise <as the sun>, start of morning
lgc
© d’chal afraid, fear, revere, awe, worship
`Wg
¥ C© dach’she {pl.} attendants, servants / officers, guards
`wi
¦ z`
¦ i©c¦ di-ya’thee’qi covenant, testament, purpose and will [also `wzic]
èi¨ C© dai’wo demon, evil spirit, devil / possessed person [cmp. `c`W]
`¥pei¨ c© dai’wo-ne {pl.} demons, evil spirits, devils / possessed persons
lic¦ deel {insignificant if alone, but combined as prefix it means “ ownership” }
oedli
ª c¦ deel’huwn it is theirs, they own it [ref. lic]
oiC¥ dein but, that, which, thus, now, of, for, therefore, however, consequently
`p̈ic¦ dee’no court, council, magistrate system, public officers who administer justice
oepi
ª c¦ dee’nuwn judge, condemn, sentence, decide a dispute
`xp̈i
¥ C¦ dee’no-re Dinore (Denarii) <a silver Roman coin / a day’s wages>
Wic¦ deesh trampled, trodden, walked upon
`w¦ z©
¦ ic¦ di-ya-thi-qi covenant, testament, purpose and will [also `wizìc]
`k̈c d’kho to clear or clean, make pure, purify / acquit, make guiltless
xkC
© d’khar remember, recall, think about something / male [cmp. `xkc]
`xk
¨ C¥ dekh’ro man, male identity, masculine, male sexual organs [ref. xkc]
19
lc© dal thin, fine, rare / few, brief / easy, ready / diminished, poor
`l̈c d’lo that not, without
lilc
¦ d’leel with ease, being facilitated, inclined to, being predisposed [ref. lc]
`n̈lC© dal’mo {neg./emp.} perhaps not, else not, lest that, that not [ref. `nl and - - c]
mc¥ dem blood, bloodshed
`n̈c d’mo likeness, comparable, similar / mirrored, the same, suited / bloodline
dn̈C d’moh {fem.} blood, bloodshed [ref. mc]
oenª C© da-muwn be like; copy; imitate / be comparable; similar [ref. `nc]
ì̈nC
© d’ma-yo valuable, expensive, pricey, precious / comparable to anything [ref. `nc]
jin¦ C© da-meekh sleeping, lying down in sleep
z©inC© dam’yath {pst/tns} likened, compares, is like [ref. `nc]
jn¥ c© da-mekh lie down, to sleep
`M̈nC© dam’ko sleeping, drowsy / lazy
onC
¥ d’mein that were, that came <lit. for from, that from> [ref. - - c and on]
xn© C¨ do-mar wonderful, amazing, astonishing / curious, disturbing, troubling / tremble
`z̈xn© c¨ do-mar’tho miracle, wonder, marvel, great work
g©pC d’nach dawned, sunrise, morning, the rising of celestial objects
l¥iìp¦ c¨ do-nee’yel Name: Doniyel (Daniel) t
rc¨ dhau to know, perceive, understand
jr¥ c© da-eukh put out, quench, extinguish / obscure, suppress, abate, subdue
jrC
¥ d’eukh extinguished, quenched, gone out / suppress, abate
`M̈rC¨ dou’ko quench, extinguish, burn out, stop burning
wc© daq broken pieces, reduced down, powdered, grindings, beaten things
`wCw
¥ C© daq’d’qe very small, lightweight, little / common, average, normal [ref. wc]
`xc
¨ d’ro scatter, thresh, winnow, drive away
`Ÿxc¨ dor’to atrium, courtway, courtyard, hall, garden
d H Heh / 5th letter of Alap-Beth
20
`d̈ ho {interj.} behold, observe, look, notice / {excl} indeed, oh, this, thus, now
ad© hav give, carry, bring [ref. àdi]
lia¥ d̈ ho-beil Name: Hoveil (Abel)
`¥penb
ª d¦ hijh’muwne governor, prefect, principality, ruler
`c¥d̈ ho-dhe this, that / whereupon
`n̈C¨d© ha-do-mo limb, member, body part
edª huw he, it, the, that is, who is
è¨dœ ’wo was, he was
ee©dœ ’waw who had, that had, what happened / be, exist, maintain, stay
ied
¦ h’wee be, exist, maintain, stay
oïe©dœ h’wa-yon become, to be, change to, exist as
iYied
© h’wai’ti you are, you were
oedª huwn them
ze¨dœ ’woth was, she was
zed
¨ h’woth happened, occurred
id̈ hoi {excl.} Indeed! Hey! Ah! Even! <syllabic outburst, used to draw attention>
1
oiCi¥ d̈ hoi’dein {inqu.} what now, which
2
oiCi¥ d̈ hoi’dein {react.} then, now then, consequently, thereupon, afterward
`l̈Mid© haik’klo Name: Haik’klo (Temple), sanctuary, palace
oni
¥ d© hai’men belief, expectation, trust [ref. ond]
`z̈epªn̈id© hai’mo-nuw’tho faith, belief, trust / firmness, confidence, faithfulness [ref. ond]
zek
¨ d̈ hokh’woth as, so, thus / likewise, the same [ref. `pkd]
lik¦ d̈ ho-kheel and so, therefore, hence
`p̈k© d̈ ho-kha-no manner of, likeness, form, similitude / so, thus, likewise, this way, as such
oil¥ d̈ ho-lein those, these, which, what
jl¥ d© ha-lekh walked, traveled, went, toured
on̈d h’mon trust, believe / being faithful, to entrust / matched, identical, one
21
`p̈d̈ ho-no this, these <sense of presence> / this is, such is, therefore
`p̈d h’no pleasure, profit, benefit, contentment
e©pd̈ ho-naw this is it, this is him, this is he [ref. `pd]
oepªd¥ he-nuwn they, them
jtd
© h’fakh turn, change, move, return / exchange, barter / give back, recompense
oekR
ª d¥ hep’khuwn you -turn to, return to, change, exchange, barter [ref. jtd]
ì©ce¦ x¨d¥ he-row’dhi-yo Name: Herodhiya (Herodias)
qce
¥ x¨d¥ he-row’dhes Name: Herodhes (Herod)
`M̈xd̈ hork’ko here, herein, in this place, now here, in this world, in this life
`Ẅd̈ ho-sho at present, at this moment, this hour, for now, currently
e W Waw / 6th letter of Alap-Beth

`Ce© w’da make confession [ref. `ci and oicen]
ie¨ woi alas, woe / weep, grieve, misery, anguish <syllabic outburst, disapproval>
`l¥ e¨ wo-le’ fitting, right, proper, convenient / ought, should, must [cmp. `l]
cr¥ e© wa-eudh fixed, appointed, assigned, indicated / a place or time [ref. `cre]
`cr
¨ e© wau’dho appointed time and place <comparable to the Hebrew crFn,
¥ Festival>
f Z Zai / 7th letter of Alap-Beth

ica
© f© zav’dhai Name: Zavdhai (Zebedee)
oele
ª äf z’vow’luwn Place: Z’volun (Zebulun)
`xe¨ aª f̈ zo-buw’ro dish, platter, pan / vessel, jar, container
`p̈af© zav’no buy, sell, bargain, exchange / time, season, period, occasion, moment
wecªf̈ zo-dhuwq Name: Zodhuq
`¥iẅeCªf© zad’duw-qo-ye Name: Zad’duqoye (Sadducees)
`ẅiC¦f© za-dee-qo righteous person, lawful person, observant, upright [ref. wcf]
wc¥f̈ zo-deq right, correct, worthy / just, fair / charitable, observant
`ẅcf¥ zedh’qo fairness, justice, righteousness, charity
`z̈wc
© f¥ zedh’qa-tho charity, almsgiving, generosities, righteousness [ref. `wcf]
22
xdf
© z’har caution, wary, care / admonish, inform / clear, glitter, bright, shine
be¥f© za-wejh united, joined, coupled / made equal, partnered, associated
`fe
¥ fª zuw’ze small coin equal to a quarter of a Sheqel <Temple Weight> [cmp. `xq`]
oife¦ fª zuw’zeen Quarter Sheqel <a coin for Temple offerings> [ref. `fef]
`z̈ïef̈ zow’yo-tho corner, convergence of two alignments
`r̈ef© zaw’ou agitation, shaking, tossing, motion / storm, tempest
`re
¥ f© zaw’eu earthquake, trembling, shaking, agitation
la¥ Äxefª zuwr’bo-vel Name: Zurbovel
`z̈ixe¦ gf
ª z’chuw’ree’tho scarlet, crimson <a rich red color>
`¥pf̈if¦ zee’zo-ne tares, weeds, darnel
rif¦ zee’h disturbed, troubled, trembled, quaked, shake, agitate
`r̈if¦ zee’au shaking, trembling, quivering, wavering / fearful
`k̈f z’kho conquer, overcome, vanquish, victory / justified, innocence, aquitted
`z̈ekªf̈ zo-khuw’tho victory, success / gained reward / justification, acquittal [ref. `kf]
ì̈M̈f© zak’ko-yo the justified, innocent, proved faultless [ref. `kf]
ì̈xk© f© za-khar’yo Name: Za’kharyo (Zechariah)
lf¥ zel go, proceed, continue [ref. lf`]
`x¥n̈f© za-mo-re chanters, musicians / leaders in prayer
`p̈f z’no to fornicate, unlawful sex / low land marsh <producing wild grasses>
`z̈eip
ª f̈ zon’yuw’tho fornication, illicit sex, forbidden sex [ref. `pf]
`xe¥ rf
ª z’euw’re {pl.} littlest, smallest / few, least, slightest / youngest, little ones
`w¥ f¥ ze-qe wineskin, leather bag <made from sheep or goat stomach>
`ẗiwf
¦ z’qee’fo cross-beam [ref. swf] <beam used to hang a man on a post to die>
swf
© z’qaf to hang, lift up, set up / be erect, stand up, rise up, mount up
gxf© zar’ch Name: Zar’ch
rxf¨ z’rou to sow seed / scatter, disperse [ref. `rxf]
`r̈xf© zar’au seed, grain kernel / offspring, family
23
g Ch Cheth / 8th letter of Alap-Beth

` ¥̀ g̈ cho-e’ live, survive
`x`
¥ g¦ chi’rei the free, well-born, noble, prince, stately, freed slave
à̈g ch’vo love, affection, friendly, supportive / kindle a fire, warmth
à̈iA¦ g© cha-bee’vo to cherish, love, admiration, highly valued
läg ch’vol corrupt, decay, defile / destroyed, undone, unsightly
`la
¥ g¥ chev’le {pl.} sorrow, pains, travail, suffering
`p̈p̈a© g© cha-va-no-no lazy, slothful, negligent
xag
© ch’var friend, fellow, companion, comrade, neighbor
`xÄ̈g© chab’bo-ro a hole, a deep pit, deep darkness / pitfall / conjuror, charmer
qibg
¦ ch’jhees lame, halt, maimed
`xi¥ b¦ g© cha-jhee’re lame, halt, feeble, weak / stammering speech, stumbling motion
`n̈M cg© chadh k’mo {phrase} certainly so, including, much more <lit. the-one-the-many>
`cg
¨ ch’do joy, being glad / oneness, one / a certain or particular one
`z̈ecªg© cha-duw’tho joyously, rejoicing
xqr
© cg
© ch’dhau’sar Numeral: eleven [ref. cd and xqr]
`xq
¥ r¥ cg
© ch’da-eus’re {pl.} numeral: eleventh <the plurality infers its inclusion in a series>
ix©cg
¨ ch’dho-rai walking, moves along, advances <laying out, along side of>
`z̈cg
© ch’dha-tho new, renewed, restored, revive
aeg̈ chowv obligation, responsibility, debt, liable / guilt, wrong, fault [cmp. aig]
oiAe
© g© chaw’bayn guiltiness, indebtedness, obligations due to offence [ref. aeg]
èe©g© cha-waw instruct, inform, declare, explain
`xhe
¥ gª chuwt’re {pl.} staff, rod, sceptre / stick, club, mallet [ref. xhg]
ie¦g© cha-wee revealed, shown, told, instructed, directed
ì̈eg¥ chew’yo snake, serpent
vegª chuwtz to bind, hold tight, press closely / intense, vigorous, urgent / dense, thick
xe¨g¥ che-war whitened, washed out, lighten, brighten
24
xegª chuwr look at this, pay attention, take heed, consider this, meditate [ref. `xeg]
`xe¨ gª chuw’ro portal, aperture, opening, gap / gaze, look, stare
À̈xegª chuwr’bo wilderness, desolate or deserted area, confusion, ruin
wxe¨ gª chuw-roq gnashing, grinding, grating <of teeth> [ref. wxg]
`Ÿxe¨g¥ che-war’to white [ref. xeg]
`p̈ÄWegª chuwsh’bo-no profit / accounting, reckoning, enumeration / sum, total, result [ref. Wag]
zegª chuth {imp.} descend! go down! [ref. zgp]
èf¨ g¥ chez’wo appearance, figure, form, look of / apparition, vision, specter
`l̈B̈ © e ª èf¨ g¥ chaz’wo huw dag’go-lo {phrase} roaming spirit <lit. an abandoned specter>
ifg
¦ ch’zee recognize, look, see, appearance
oifg
© ch’zayn we saw
`xi¥ fg
¦ ch’zee’re {p,} pigs, swine
wfg
© ch’zaq to gird up or bind / prepare to walk or journey
ì̈wf©g¥ che-zaq’yo Name: Chezaqyo
hg© chat dig, excavate <to plow or furrow the ground> / gouge out
`h¥ g¥ che-te {pl.} wheat, cereal grains
`ḧg ch’to to miss perform <fail in an objective> / sin, do wrong, offend <accidental>
id© ḧg ch’to-hai {pl.} (his) sins, errors, violations, waywardness [ref. `hg]
`te
¥ hªg̈ cho’tuw’fe ravenous, greedy <wolf> / extortioner, manipulator <person> [ref. shg]
ì̈tehg
ª ch’tuwf’yo spoilage, plunder, rapine [ref. shg]
sḧg ch’tof seize, snatch, trap, grab / previously with, encouraged by
xhg
© ch’tar to beat with rods or sticks / carded <separate fibers by beating>
`¥ig̈ cho-ye to live, exist with soul, life power / salvation
aïg© cha-yov indebted, owing debt / guilty, condemned / conquered, vanquished
aïg© cha-yov guilty as charged, deserving of punishment [ref. aeg]
ai¦g© cha-yiv to condemn, disapprove, censure, sentence to punishment
`l̈ig© chai’lo strength, power, mighty, ability / miraculous, marvelous, heaven-sent
25
`v̈ïg ch’yo-tzo linen bandages, cloth banding, garment swaths [ref. veg]
z©ig© cha-yath life, living <sense of certainty about life>
`zi
¥ ¦ z©ig© cha-yath mee’the {phrase} resurrection <lit. life for the dead> [cmp. `zniw]
mk© g̈ cho-kham wise, knowing, intimate, having relations
lg© chal pierce, hollow out, open up / profane, invade, violate <Pa’el: cleansed>
`l̈g© cha-lo vinegar <made from barley>
`l̈g̈ cho-lo fine sand, fine dust <movable by wind>
`l̈elg
ª ch’luw’lo wedding feast, banquet celebration, special supper
hlg
© ch’lat to mix, mingle, blend
hil¦ g© cha-leet mixed, mingled, blended, infused [ref. hlg]
`n̈il¦ g© cha-lee’mo well, strong, stout, firm / entire, whole, complete [ref. mlg]
ml̈g ch’lom to dream, sleep well / be well and active / to be refreshed and whole
`n̈lg¥ chel’mo dream, vision
sl̈g ch’lof exchange, replace, instead of, change / compare, regard, value
itl
© g© chal’fai Name: Chalfai (Alpheus)
`n̈g ch’mo fade, shrivel, faintness, wither / leaven, ferment, lighten / father-in-law
`n̈g¥ che’mo warmth, heat / fervent, violent / swept, garnished, dressed
dn̈g ch’moh surrounding, nearby, visible, observe, guard
`¥ienª g̈ cho-muw’ye to keep, maintain, preserve, contain
`xi¨ ng
¦ ch’mee’ro leavened grains, dough for bread, yeast for flavorings [cmp. `xng]
ln̈g ch’mol gather, package, cluster, lay up / observe, wait for, watch <gather info>
rng
© ch’mau ferment, leavened / mixed, blended, penetrated, permeated
`xn
¨ g© cham’ro grain-wine, mead <grain wine mingled with flavorings> [cmp. `xing]
`x¨n̈g ch’mo-ro donkey, ass <beast for burden, like a horse>
Wn¥ g© cha-mesh numeral five
zn© g© cha-math angry, furious, become hot
`z̈n̈g ch’mo-tho mother-in-law [ref. `ng]
26
o©pg ch’nan we, ourselves, us
`p̈p̈g ch’no-no mercy, compassion, favour, grace
`tp
¥ g© chan’fe {pl.} pagan, idolator, profane, godless
w©pg ch’naq choke, stifle, suffocate, strangle, drown / hang by the neck
qg̈ chos {excl.} It must not be! No way! Never so!
`c¨q̈g ch’so-dho curse, scorn, disdain, reproach, reject, revile
oiq¦ g© cha-seen prevailing, powerful, dominant
`p̈iq¦ g© cha-see’no strong man, powerful person, the mighty
`n̈q̈g ch’so-mo envy, spite, jealousy, rivalry
xqg
© ch’sar wanting, decreasing, lacking, failing, diminishing
zi`
¦ ḧitg
¦ ch’fee’to-yith diligently, earnestly, strenuously
xtg
© ch’far dig, burrow, scratch
`v¥ g© cha-tze waist <half way or middle>
`v̈g ch’tzo tear out, pluck out, cut away, remove
cv̈g ch’tzodh reap, harvest, pluck
oexv
ª g¥ chetz’ruwn Name: Chetz’run
`l̈wg© chaq’lo a field, portion of property, parcel of land
xg̈ chor looked, gazed, stared, faced into [ref. xeg]
`xg
¥ ch’re {pl.} resist, contend, dispute, strive, quarrel
axg
© ch’rav ruin, waste, dwindle, desolate / ravaged, destroyed
`l̈Cxg© chard’lo mustard seed, mustard plant <leafy vegetable>
`xe¨ xg
ª ch’ruw’ro freedom, deliverance / an escape, an opening, a hole
mxg
¥ ch’rem to curse / consign and devote something or someone to something
wx¥g© cha-req gnash, sharpen by grating, cut by rubbing / fix, appoint, settle, conclude
`Ẅxg© char’sho mute or deaf, dumbness, stupidity / magic, witchcraft, sorcery
`z̈xg© char’tho the end of, furthest point / the remnant, the last of all / finality
Wg© chash suffer, grieve, be abused
27
aẄg ch’shov reckon, count, evaluate, conclude / think, consider, regard
`k̈eWª g¥ che-shuw’kho darkness, shadowy, obscurity, very little light
mẄg ch’shom to eat, dine, sup, take food, use food
`z̈ïnẄg ch’shom’yo-tho supper, feast [ref. mWg]
`z̈g̈ cho-tho sister [cmp. `g`]
mz̈g ch’tom to set a seal / affirm, sign, ratify, determine
`p̈zg© chath’no wedding groom, son-in-law, brother-in-law <a relative by marriage>
h T Teth / 9 letter of Alap-Beth

aḧ tov goodly, more than, better / very much, greatly, intensely
à¥ ḧ to-ve good, goodly, pleasant, desirable / preference
à̈äh© ta-vo-vo a rumor, divulged information, an assuming report [cmp. àac]
dA¥ h¥ te-beh his goodness, his fame and honor, his reputation [ref. ah]
rAh
© t’bau sink, immerse, drown, be swallowed up
à̈ehª tuwv’bo happy, fortunate, favored, blessed
ii©rehª tuwau’yai {pl.} deceptions, lies [ref. `rh]
ii©rehª tuwe’yai {pl.} deceptions, deceitfulness, mistakes [ref. `rh]
`p̈ẗeh© taw’fo-no flood, deluge
`xe¨ hª tuw’ro mountain, a high place in the land, a hillside
`Yi
¥ fC
© `xe¨ hª tuw’ro d’zai’te Place: Turo D’zai’te (Mount of Olives)
ogh
¥ t’chen grind, pound
op̈gḧ tochh’non grinding [ref. ogh]
`kx
© xh
© h¥ tet’rar’kha Title: Tetrarcha (Regional Governor) <ruler over a quarter portion>
a¥ih© ta-yev prepare, make better, get ready [ref. ah]
ini
© h¦ tee’mai value, fee, price, cost
`l̈ḧ to-lo hung, suspended, bearing upon
ì̈lh© tal’yo child, youth, boy, lad / children <boys and girls when plural>
`l¥ l̈h¥ te-lo-le shadow, shade, dimness / darkening
28
xnh
© t’mar dig deep to bury, insert into cavity / hide, conceal within, cover up
s¥ph t’nef defiled, impure, filthy, unclean, abominable
`z̈ẗph© tan’fo-tho abomination, uncleanness, perversity and corruption [ref. sph]
`r̈h t’ou wandering, astray, in error / mistaken, fooled, deceived
mr̈h t’oum taste, to take food, eat / touch, attain, perceive
mrh
¥ t’eum to taste / to try, touch / to perceive, experience
orh
¥ t’eun bear, carry, assume burden <child in womb, burden on camel> / freight
`ẗh t’fo shut up, close out, shelter yourself
xh© tar {imp of xz} keep, maintain, observant [cmp. xz and `xz]
`xh
¨ t’ro plow, overturn, break up / beat upon, shake, rattle
`tx
¥ h© tar’fe leaves, foliage
`Ẅh t’sho hide, protect, reserve
iWh
¥ t’shei hidden, protected, reserved
ì̈Wh t’sh’yo hidden, secretive, reservedly
i Y Yudh / 10th letter of Alap-Beth

` ¥̀ ï yo-eh fair, reasonable, fitting, suitable, seemly, proper
`ẄiA©
¦i ya-bee’sho withered, dried up, shriveled, gaunt [ref. Wai]
läi i’vol led, carried, conducted, transmitted, taken to
Wa¥ i¦ ee’besh dry, parched
c©i yadh hand / beside, along side, nearby / banks, shoreline, coastline [cmp. xtq]
`Ci© i’da confess, admit to truth, acknowledge, assert [ref. `ce and oicen]
rc©i¦ ee’dhau to know, perceive, understand, to be aware
à̈d̈i i’ho-vo to confer, grant, transfer to, bestow upon, permit to [cmp. ad]
cedªi¦ ee-huwdh Name: I’hudh (Judea)
`ce¨ di
ª i’huw’dho Name: Ihudo (Judah), Place: Ihudho (Judah)
`ḧeix
ª kq
© `ce¨ dªi¦ ee’huwdho s’khar’yuw’to Name: I’hudho S’kharyuto (Judas Iscariot)
`¥ice¨ di
ª i’huw’dho-ye Name: Ihudei (Jews, People of Ihudo)
29
hẗẄedï
ª yo-huw’sho-fot Name: Yahushafot
ceiª yuwdh 10th and smallest letter of Alep-Beth
op̈ge
© iª yuw’cha-non Name: Yucha’non (John)
ì̈pke
© iª yuw’khan’yo Name: Yukhanyo (John)
`p̈R̈leiª yul’po-no teachings, doctrine, scholarship, learning, opinion, dogma [ref. sli]
ine©
© i yaw’mai days [cmp. `ni and oinni` and oinei]
oine©
¦ i yaw’meen {pl.} days <day light period> [cmp. `ni and oinni` and inei]
`p̈n̈e©i yaw’mo-no this day [cmp. `ni and oinni` and oinei]
`z̈n̈e©i yaw’mo-tho days, a time period
`p̈e©i yaw’no dove <a bird accepted as an offering on the Altar>
op̈e©i yaw’non Name: Yawnon (Jonah)
`qeï
¦ yaw’si Name: Yawsi (Joseph)
`qeï
¦ yow’si Name: Yosi (Joses)
sqe©
¥ i yaw’sef Name: Yawsef (Joseph)
op̈Cxeiª yuwrd’non Name: Yurd’non (Jordan)
mxe¨ iª yuw’rom Name: Yurom
ì̈We
¦ iª yuw’shi-yo Name: Yushiyo
sf©i¦ ee’zaf borrow, take in loan, temporary use or ownership
`Cl
¨ i© yal’do birthing, children, offspring, culture, generation / fruition, produce
dCl
¥ i© yal’deh birth of, born by him
sli
¥ i’lef to learn, be familiar, teach, preach, lecture
`ẗl© i¦ ee’la-fo learn, find out, get understanding [ref. sl`]
`n̈i¦ ee’mo to swear, obligate by oath [ref. oni]
`n̈©i ya-mo sea, ocean [cmp. `nei]
oenª i¦ ee’muwn swear, make an oath, vow [ref. oni]
`p̈in©
¦i ya-mee’no the right side, stronger side, most used element [cmp. `lnq]
on̈i¦ ee’mon swore, made an oath, vowed
30
w¥pi¦ ee’neq to suck, suckle
`ẗq̈i i’so-po add, increase
`r̈i¦ ee’au shoot, sprout, bud, spring up
aewr©
ª i yau’quwv Name: Yauqov (James), Jacob
sv¥ i¦ i’-tzef anxious, uneasy, overly concerned, fretting [cmp. sv`]
cw© i¦ ee’qadh fiery, burning, set on fire
`z̈xi¨ w¦ i© ya-qee’ro-tho weight, heaviness / furniture / seriousness, reverence, honor [ref. xwi]
xw© i© ya-qar to honor, ascribe glory / be weighty, heavy / to burden, add weight
`¥pewx©
ª i yar’quw’ne small herbs
`z̈xï¦ ee-ro-tho inherit, possess
reW¥
ªi ye-shuw’e Name: Yeshue (Jesus) <Heb: Yeshu (Yeshua), Wst-Ara: E’shu, Est-Ara: I’shu>
hẄi i’shot to hold out, offer, present something
azï
¥ yo-thev sitting / dwell, reside, inhabit, live in a place / resting
oiAzï
¦ yoth’been living, inhabiting [ref. azi]
xiY©
¦i ya-teer greater, surpassing / rather, instead
`x¨z̈i¦ ee’tho-ro exceed, have more, grow rich, abound, prosper
k K Kof / 11th letter of Alap-Beth

`k̈ ko here, this place
``k
¨ k’a rebuke, restrain, forbid, oppose, exclaim against / charge, caution
a`M¦ keev pain, grief, sickness / affliction, suffering, malady, aches
`p̈`M¦ ki’no righteous, upright, just, charitable, kindly
`z̈ep`
ª M¦ ki’nuw’tho righteousness, justness, morality
`ẗ`k¦ k’fo stone, rock
`ẗ`M¦ ki’fo Name: Ki’fo (Peter)
xaM
© k’var perhaps, maybe, perchance / to increase and abound, augment, multiply
Wak
© k’vash overcome, subdued, subject to, beneath
cM© kadh while, when, though / after, later / like, familiar
31
`z̈eaª C¨k© kad’do-vuw’tho lying, deceiving, falsehood, treacherous
`¥pdM̈ koh’ne Title: Priests
Àe
¥ Mª kuw’be {pl.} bramble, thorn-bush, thorns, thistle
`Ẅaekª kuwv’sho footstool, footrest, foot cushion <table beneath the seated feet> [ref. yak]
`l̈ie¥k¥ ke-wee’lo ark, boat, vessel / box, chest, basket
à̈MeM© kawk’vo star
od̈xekª kuwr’hon malady, infirmity, disease / harm, misfortune, mischief / evil
oif¦ xe© M̈ kow-ra-zeen Place: Ko’razin (Chorazin)
ì̈qxekª kuwrs’yo chair, seat, throne, couch / authority, dignity [cmp. qepxz]
`p̈iYe
¦ Mª kuw’tee’no tunic, cloak <loose fitting wrap to clothe the body>
iM© kai {int.} perhaps, maybe, might be / indeed, truly, now
`l̈ik© kai’lo measure, amount, extent, degree / type, standard, rule, principle
iqi
© k¦ kee’sai {pl.} pouch, pocket, bag, purse
oixM
¦ M© kak’reen talent <3000 staters or sheqels of silver = 12000 zuzin of silver>
lMª kul all, every
`l¥ M̈ ko-le refuse, forbid, stopped, hindered, restrained, deterred
Àl
¥ k© kal’be {pl.} dogs
dl̈Mª ku-loh complete, full, finished, everything
oedl
ª Mª kul’huwn everyone, all / all of this, everything
`l̈ilM
¦ k’lee’lo crown, garland
qin¦ lk
© k’la-mees mantle, robe
Wp̈lMª kul’nosh {contr.} all men, everyone [ref. lk and `Wp`]
Wl̈k k’losh lime powder <ground eggshell>
`z̈lk© kal’tho daughter-in-law, bride
`n̈M k’mo how much, many, more / when <a comparison of things>
`p̈enª k© ku-muw’no cumin <herb spice>
`xi¥ nM
¦ k’mee’re gloomy, sad-faced, contorted, distorted, grimaced [ref. xnk]
32
xn̈k k’mor sad, depressed / shrink, wrinkle, wither, shrivel <as in produce>
`ŸWepk
ª k’nuwsh’to synagogue, house of assembly, place for worship and council
`z¥ Ẅepk
ª k’nuw’sho-the {pl} synagogues, assembly houses, places for worship and council
dz¥ e©¨pM k’na-wo-theh his companion; fellow; colleague / like, similar, equal [ref. zpk]
`Ÿip̈r©pM k’nau’nai’to Name: K’naunito (Canaanite)
`ẗpM¥ ken’fo upper ledge, side, wing, extension, ends <also garment hem or corner>
W©pM k’nash gathered, assembled, come together <synagogue>
`Wp
¥ M¥ ken’she crowds, gatherings, multitudes
zp̈k k’noth companion, fellow, colleague / like, similar, equal [cmp. dzepk]
`q̈M̈ ko-so cup, drinking vessel / covering, veil, cloth
ì̈qk¥ kes’yo covered, concealed, hidden by obstruction
sqk
¥ k’sef silver, money
`Ẅ ¦ sqk
¥ k’sef ri-sho {phrase} Temple Tax, Half-Sheqel Offering, Terumah Offering
xeRk
ª k’puwr wipe clean, scour <wash hands> / deny, renounce, abdicate [ref. xtk]
otM
¥ k’fen to be hungry, starving, a for need food
`¥ptM© kaf’ne hunger, famine, scarcity
`p̈Rk¦ kip’no hunger
xtM
© k’far wipe, scour / deny, renounce <sense of removing something dirty>
meg©
ªpxtk
© k’far’na-chum Place: K’farnachum (Capernaum)
`xk
¨ k’ro reduced, shortened / grieved, saddened, annoyed / bothered, troubled
dxk
© k’rah weak, sick, feeble / shrinking, languished, lessened
fxk
© k’raz preach, proclaim, recite
`f¥xk
¨ k’ro-ze preach, proclaim, lecture, teach, sermon
dixM
¦ k’reeh suffering, weak, sick, infirm, slack [ref. dxk]
z©ixM¥ ker’yath grieved, saddened, troubled, disturbed / sick, suffering [ref. `xk]
`k̈xk
¨ k’ro-kho encircle, go around, roll, enshroud <as a scroll>, wrap, swathe
`n̈xk© kar’mo vineyard, vine garden <grapes>
33
qxk
¥ k’res the belly, paunch, stomach, womb / intestines, entrails, inner-organs
`l̈Wk¥ kesh’lo to trip, to stumble, falter, waver / offend, scandalize, shame, embarrass
à̈z̈M k’tho-vo record, writing, manuscript
aizM
¦ k’theev written, recorded
`p̈Ÿk¥ ke-tho-no flax linen, cloth, garment
`z̈R̈zM© cath’po-tho shoulder, upper back / right side of house
l L Lomadh / 12th letter of Alap-Beth

`l̈ lo not, did not, is not [cmp. `le]
h ¥̀ l̈ lo-et abuse, mistreat, swear at, curse at
`ci`
¨ l© lai’dho {contr.} whatever, to which, of which [ref. `ci` and - - l]
oï`l̈ lo’yon labor, toil, work / weary, harass, fatigue
iR`
© l© la’pai about, there about, as it were <lit. by the appearance> [ref. `t`]
al¥ lev heart, mind, sense of self-being
À̈l¥ le-bo heart as bodily organ, inner self as mind, inner feeling as emotion
aäl¥ le-vov encourage, comfort, console, exhort [ref. al]
`Ÿpeal
ª l’vuwn’to frankincense <aromatic incense resin>
`Ẅeal
ª l’vuw’sho clothing, apparel
iA¦ l© lab’bee Name: Labbi (Lebbeus)
xal
© l’var outside, beside, away from, beyond / other than, in exception
ebl
© l’jhaw inwardly, within, privately / community, common, being shared [ref. èb]
oipe
¦ ib
ª l¥ lejh’yuw’neen {pl.} legions, multitudes <a Roman division of soldiers, 6000 men>
`z̈Bl© lag’tho dish, basin, vessel <for herbs and vegetables>
dl¥ leh to him, of him, by him
oedl
ª l’huwn of them
ldl
© l’hal distant, beyond, far off / from then, yet to appear
lawe
© lª luwq’bal opposite, against, contrary / facing, in front of, towards / adjacent
mcwe
© lª luwq’dham first, at the beginning
34
zel
¨ l’woth unto, to, with, among, by way of, by means of
cegl
ª l’chuwdh alone, solitary, singular, oneness
`n̈gl© lach’mo bread, food from grains <ground, mixed and baked> [cmp. `ndl, proper]
`n̈g̈l l’cho-mo fitting, suitable, proper [cmp. `ndl, bread]
oing
¦ l© lach’meen cakes, loaves <bread> [ref. `ndl]
il¦ lee to me, unto myself
`hi
¥ l¦ lee’te foul mouthed, accursed <lashon harau / slanderer>
oe¨li
© l© lai’la-won {pl.} nights <darkness period>
Yil© lait there is not, it will not be, it is not coming, it is lacking [ref. `l and zi`]
jl̈ lokh to you
`k̈l l’kho here or there, a place to a place, a time to a time <directional sense>
oekl
ª l’khuwn {pl. contr.} unto you, to you all [ref. - - l and oek-
ª -]
`l̈l¥ le-lo fool, stupid, lacking, void <a comparison to ìll, which is nighttime>
ì̈ll¥ lel’yo night, dark hours
`n̈l l’mo {neg./doubt} maybe, perhaps, what if, lest, it might, instead [ref. `nlc]
cRn
¦ l© lam’pee’dh lamp, torch
ol© lan for us
`¥iḧql¥ les’to-ye {pl.} robbers, bandits, pirates, marauders, thieves
oirl
¦ l’een {cntr.} before, unto, in the presence <lit. to the eye> [ref. `pir and - - l]
qr¥ l̈ lo-es dine, eat and drink, devour
hwl
© l’qat gather up, collect, pick up / scavenge, salvage
n M Mim / 13th letter of Alap-Beth

`n̈ mo {inqu.} what, when, how / {demo.} indeed, yet, but
``n̈ mo’ a hundred, century of
dYle
¥ k`ª n¥ meh’khuwl’teh his food, his provisions
`p̈`n̈ mo’no vessel, utensil, instrument, garment, decoration, furniture <an accessory>
`q`
¥ n© ma’se healing, restoring, stabilizing, balancing
35
xC©an
© m’va-dar
ira
¥ n¥ mev’ei seeks, hunts [ref. `ra]
`l̈Cbn© majh’d’lo tower
sC¥bn
© m’jha-def blasphemy, desecration, arrogance, haughtiness <against God> [ref. scb]
`We
¥ bn
ª m’jhuw’she Title: M’jushe (Mystics, Essenes of Qumran)
oB̈n© mag’gon freely, without expense / without anything, empty handed
`g̈Acn© madh’b’cho Altar, Sanctuary, Holy Place <structure or place for burning offerings>
`xAc
¨ n© madh’b’ro Place: Wilderness <open country, wild area> [ref. `xac]
`¥pxA
¨ cn
© m’dhab’ro-ne {pl.} guides, leaders [ref. xac]
oic¥n̈ mo-dhein then, therefore, thereby [ref. oic]
z©picn
¦ m’dhee’nath a place of business, city, village, town
`Ÿœ
picn
¦ m’dhee’to village, town, place, community, populace area
`M¥ cn
© m’dhak’ke prepare, make fit, season with salt / clearing, cleaning [ref. `kc]
mC¥n¥ med’dem something, anything, that which, in particular, what was
g©pcn© madh’nach the rising sun, eastern rising, morning sun
`g̈pcn© madh’n’cho east, eastern district, country / place of the rising sun [ref. gpcn]
`xc
¨ n¥ medh’ro soil, clay, dirt
`¥pnidn
© m’haim’ne {pl.} eunuch, castrated, chaste / faithful, believer, trustworthy
`l̈Aen© maw’blo a burden, a heavy load / being carried, transmitted, brought [ref. lai]
`lAe
¥ n© mawb’ble burden, cargo, package [ref. lai]
`Ce
¥ n© maw’de acknowledge, confess / give credit, yield respect / honor, laud
oiCe
¥ n© maw’dein confessing, admitting to violations [ref. `ci and `ce]
xge
© n© maw’char slows, delays [ref. xg`]
`ne
¥ n© maw’me adjure, entreat, beseech / insist, require, charge, compel [ref. `ni]
`z̈n̈en© maw’mo-tho an oath, vow, agreement, treaty / bearing witness, testifying [ref. oni]
etªq̈en© maw’so-fuw add to, increase, accumulate [ref. `tqi]
cwe
¥ n© maw’qedh furnace, fire place
36
`xe¨ nª muw’ro myrrh (aromatic perfume resin)
`k̈xen© mawr’kho to stretch, lengthen [ref. jx`]
`We
¥ nª muw’she Name: Mushe (Moses)
hWe
¥ n© maw’shet extend, hand out, hold forward [ref. hWi]
ze¥n© ma-weth death, to die
`Ÿen© maw’to death
àYe
¥ n© mawt’ve chairs, seats, throne / place, site / buttocks, rear [ref. azi]
`¥pŸen© maw’tone sudden deaths <plagues, pestilence>
xYe
© n© maw’tar profit, help, prevail, succeed, improve / be useful, advantageous [ref. xzi]
op̈ACf
© n¥ mez’dab’non {contr.} purchased, exchanged [ref. `paf and o- - and 3 2 C 1 p/n/`]
oixd
¦ Cf
© n¥ mez’dah’reen guards, watchmen, observers [ref. xdf and 3 2
C 1 p/n/`]
`¥pnfn
© m’zam’ne invited, bidden, appointed, requested / guest
`g¥ n̈ mo-che strike, hit with force / beat down, defeat [cmp. zgp]
`l̈Agn
© m’chab-lo disfigure, contort / corrupt, destroy [ref. lag]
`cg
¨ n¥ mech’do immediately, straightway, at once, already, without delay, directly
`ḧgn
© m’cha-to needle <gouging instrument> [ref. hg]
oith
¦ gn
© m’chat’feen plundering, pilfering, robbing, snatching [ref. shg and oi- ¦ - and - - n]
a©ign
© m’cha-yav condemned, a judgment to guilt and its punishment [ref. aig]
oiai
¦ gn
© m’chai’veen condemned [ref. aeg]
oilg
¦ n© mach’leen profane, violate, corrupt [ref. lg]
iq© gn
© m’cha-sai absolved, cleared, made innocent, pardoned
mxg
¥ n© mach’rem cursed, invoke a curse [ref. mxg]
`z̈aWg
© n© mach’shav’tho thought, thinking, reasoning, intelligence / to scheme, contrive, plan
zg¥ n© ma-cheth causes falling [ref. zgp]
`ḧn m’to arrive, reach, conclude, attain to / season, time, sum
lhªn¥ me-tul on account of, for the sake of, due to, because of [ref. `lh]
`l̈lœhn© mat’lo booth, hut, tent, roof, shelter / habitation, lodging-place / nest <birds>
37
`p̈ïrhn© mati’yo-no seducer, deceiver, imposter / cause of going astray, misguide [ref. `rh]
sht
¥ hn
© m’taf’tef flicker, unsteady blinking, snuffling, bubbling, boiling
`xh
¨ n¥ met’ro rain, showers
`z̈xh© n© ma-tar’tho a watch, a post, guard <last watch of the night, before morning light>
zi`
¦ ïWhn© mat’sh’yo’yith privately, secretly [ref. `Wh ,iWh]
ì̈n© ma-yo water
`l̈in¦ mee’lo a mile, a Roman measure of considerable distance
oẅpin© main’qon nursing, sucking [ref. wpi]
zin¦ meeth have died, are dead / kill, murder [ref: `z̈n]
¥
`zi
¥ n¦ mee-the {pl.} deaths, the graves, tombs <lit. those who are dead>
`ki
¥ M¦ n© ma-kee’khe {pl.} lowly, humble, gentle, meek, temperate, patient
liM¦ n¥ me-keel thence, after this, for now, hence, therefore, by that, from that
`xi¨ kn
¦ m’khee’ro betrothed, consecrated to
`Wlk
¥ n© makh’l’she whitewash <lime or chalk plaster> [ref. Wlk]
`qk
¥ n̈ mokh’se publican (public agent), collector <tax collector, taker of portions>
fxk
¥ n© makh’rez preaching, proclaiming, lecturing [ref. fxk]
efªxk
¨ n© makh’ro-zuw to preach, to lecture, give public teachings [ref. `fxk]
`le
¥ Wk
ª n© mahh’shuw’le {pl.} offenders, transgressor, violator [ref. `lyk]
`l̈Wkn© makh’sh’lo causes stumbling, brings offence, results in scandal [ref. `lyk]
`l̈n¥ me-lo words, sayings, instructions, brief expressions <sense of fullness>
`l¥ n© ma-le full, fill, fulfill
oi`l¥ n© ma-lein trouble, harass [ref. oi`l]
`k̈`l© n© ma-la’kho angel, divine messenger <a holy creature>
oiBl
¦ n̈ mol’geen to pluck, strip away hair from grain by rubbing in the hands / remove hair
dg̈ln¥ mel’choh salt, seasoning, flavoring / a purifying and preserving mineral
`M̈ln¥ mel’ko rule, to counsel, plan, scheme
`M̈ln© mal’ko King, ruler <male ruler> [cmp. `zkln]
38
`Ml
¥ n© mal’ke {pl.} kings, rulers
`z̈eMl
ª n© mal’kuw’tho kingdom, realm, community presence
`z̈Mln© malk’tho Queen <female ruler as or with the king> [cmp. `kln]
ll¥ n© ma-lel talked, reasoned, conversed / lectured, taught
sl¥ n© ma-lef teaching, lecturing
`p̈ẗln© mal’fo-no teacher, instructor, spiritual guide
`z̈ln¥ mel’tho a question, a case, on account of, due to, for reason of [ref. - - n and zel]
`p̈enª n̈ mo-muw-no money, wealth, riches, collections of value, accumulations of treasures
on© man {inq.} who, what, how, whence {dir.} o © lMª whosoever, anyone
on¥ mehn from, by, through, of
`p̈n̈ mo-no {inq.} what? how?
`¥pn¥ me-ne {pl.} hair, fur / strings, chords <musical instruments>
`¥pcB©
¨ pn m’nag’do-ne scourgers, tormentors / task-masters, slave-drivers [ref. cbp]
d¥pn¥ me-neh from him, by him, of him
dp̈n¥ me-noh from her, by her, of her
oedp
ª n¥ mehn’huwn {contr.} from them, by them
`x¦d̈pnª mun’ho-ri bring light, enlighten, kindle light
epªn© ma-nuw {inq.} who? what?
`ci¨ pn
¦ m’nee’dho wagging, shaking, tossing and rolling, jesturing [ref. `cp]
oïpn© man’yon numbered, counted, reckoned / accounted for
ik¥pn¥ me-nekhi since, due to, from then, on account of [ref. ikp]
`q©
¥ pn m’na-se Name: M’nase (Tempter)
oiq©
¥ pn m’na-sein testing, tempting [ref. `qp]
`Ÿxp̈n m’nor’to lampstand, a place that elevates a lamp
`W©
¥ pn m’na-she Name: M’nashe
`z̈pn¥ men’tho a part, portion, a share, allotment
aq© n¥ me-sav to couch, to bed, receive, accept
39
cBq
© n¥ mes’gadh worship, prostrate, bow down
a¥iqn
© m’sa-yev compromise, defile, pollute / jeopardize, condemn, fault [ref. aiq]
`¥pMq
¦ n¥ mes’ki-ne poor, wanting, lacking, needy / meek, humble, gentle
`¥pMq
¦ n¥ mes’ki-ne {pl.} the poor, needy, miserable, lacking, wanting [ref. okq cmp. ikq]
`¥pMq
¦ n¥ mes’ki-ne the poor [ref. okq]
oilq
¦ n© mas’leen {pst} rejected, spurned, refused / contemptible, scorned [ref. `lq]
`p̈q̈n m’so-no shoes, sandals, footwear, shodding [ref. o`q]
oixr
¦ Yq
© n¥ mes’tau’reen a project, a task <something that must be done> [ref. xrq and 32
z 1 n]
cAr
© n¥ me’badh do, be doing, provide service
cn̈rn̈ mou’modh a pool, a watery abode, a body of water
`p̈cnr
¨ n© maum’dho-no Title: Immerser, Baptist <ritual bather> [ref. cnrn and cnr]
`x¨q̈rn© mau’so-ro tithe, tenth portion
`Ÿxvr
© n© mau’tzar’to wine press, vat for crushing grapes [ref. xvr]
`Ÿlw© rn
© m’auq’l’to distorted, perverse, amiss, crooked, awry <lacking form> [ref. lwr]
à̈xrn© maur’vo west, twilight, setting sun <nightfall/twilight direction>
`¥pẗxrn
© m’aur’fo-ne {pl.} money changers, bankers
wxr
© n¥ meh’raq fleeing, escaping [re. wxr]
©
`z̈xrn
© m’aur’tho cave, cavern, den, hollow
`ŸleRªn© ma-puwl’to collapse, dropping, falling [ref. ltp]
`n̈htn
© m’fat’mo fatling, young cattle, yearlings
wt© n© ma-faq strung-out, lengthy, a detailed answer, an exhaustive defense
oiww
¦ tn
© m’faq’qeen long-winded, wordy, tedious, verbose [ref. wtn]
zA© vn
© m’tza-bath adorned, decorated, beautified [ref. zav]
`g¥ vn
© m’tza-che {pl.} revile, curse, verbally abusive, evil speaking
oïxhv
© n¥ metz’tar’yon burst out, rip apart
`z̈ci¨ vn
¦ m’tzee’dho-tho fishnet
ll¥ vn
© m’tza-lel strainer, filter, screen
40
oixv
¥ n¥ metz’rein Place: Metz’rein (Egypt)
`xAw
¨ n¥ meq’b’ro burial [ref. axw]
WC¥wn
© m’qa-desh sanctify, make holy [ref. Wcw]
`g̈twn
© m’qaf’cho to slap, buffet [ref. gtw]
xn© mar bitter
`x¥n̈ mo-re {pl.} lord, master, proprietor, ruler, controller, sovereign [cmp. `pxn]
`x¨n̈ mo-ro Name: Moro (Master), Lord
`Ÿi © `x¥n̈ mo-re bai’to {phrase} owner, master, land-holder <lit. master of the household/place>
`z̈ip¦ B̈xn© marg’go-nee’tho pearls <a dense shelly formation within a mollusk / a valuable ornament>
dx¨n̈ mo-roh he is master, he is lord [ref. `xn] <the d is sympathetic to context>
`ne
¥ xn
© m’raw’me the highest places
oe¨x©n̈ mo-ra-won {pl.} masters, lords, rulers [ref. `xn]
gxn
© m’rach dare, presume, venture / insolent, brash, forward
`¥pn̈gxn
© m’rach’mo-ne merciful, compassionate, tender hearted
`ḧehx
ª n© mar’tuw’to cloak, mantle, outer wrap <outer garment>
ixn̈ mor´ my Lord / my master of <when followed with a common qualifier>
ix ¨ ixn̈ mor´-mor´ Lord-Lord <invoking the Holy Name, equi. Adonoi-Adonoi> [ref. ixn]
ì̈xn̈ mor’yo Name: Mor’yo (Lord-God)
m©ixn© mar’yam Name: Mar’yam (Mary)
zi`
¦ xi¨ x¦n© ma-ree’ro-eeth bitterly [ref. xn]
`p̈x©n̈ mo-ra-no Lord-God, the Holy Name, the Lord
`Ÿxxn
¨ m’ror’to bitter herbs <non-sweet vegetables, parsely, cilantro, coriander>
geWn
ª m’shuwch anointed, covered with olive oil / measured, calculated [cmp. jeWn]
jeẄn m’showkh to pull, draw out, stretch [cmp. geWn]
`g̈Wn¥ mesh’cho aromatic ointment, liquified incense and spice, perfume <oil or salve>
`tlg
¥ Wn© m’shach’l’fe various, many kinds, diverse, assorted [ref. slg and - - - Wn]
xg© Wn
© m’sha-char compelled, forced, required <forced labor without pay> [ref. xgy]
41
`p̈b̈iWn
¦ m’shee’jho-no washing, cleaning / principle of, or vessel for washing [ref. beW]
`g̈iWn
¦ m’shee’cho Name: M’shicho (Messiah) [ref. geWn cmp. jeWn]
`M̈Wn¥ mesh’ko skins, leather <to be stretched or pulled> [ref. jeWn]
gMW
© n¥ mesh’kach easily find, likely discover, can retrieve / being able, capable [ref. `gkW]
`g̈MWn¥ mesh’k’cho possible, accessible, retrievable / apparent, evident, exposed [ref. gkW]
`ḧlWn
© m’shal’to authoritative, having authority [ref. hlW]
mlW
¥ n© mash’lem surrender, deliver, betray, hand over
oinlW
¦ n© mash’l’meen betray, deliver up, hand you over to / charge, accuse
`z̈epªn̈lWn© mash’l’mo-nuw’tho tradition, handed down, oral laws, commentary, community practice
`ẄnWn
© m’sham’sho attended to, serving, caring for, to minister [ref. WnW]
`wW
¥ n© mash’qe offering water to drink, bringing water, providing drink [ref. `wW]
ix©Wn
© m’sha-rai paralyzed, immobilized, unmovable <cannot move> [ref. `xW]
ì̈x©Wn
© m’sha-ra-yo cared for, disabled, paralytic, crippled, maimed
`z̈eYW
ª n¥ mesh’tuw’tho feast, banquet, celebration <wedding feast>
mlYW
¥ n¥ mesh’t’lem given up, delivered over, handed over, betrayed, surrendered
oirn
¦ YW
© n¥ mesh’tam’een are obedient [ref. rnW and 3 2
Y 1 p/n/`]
w©pYW
© n¥ mesh’ta-naq hurting, tortured, suffering, pained [ref. wpW and 3 2
Y 1 p/n/`]
`z̈n¥ me-tho dead, to die
è`
¥ z© n¥ me-tha’we agreeable, in accord, reasonable [ref. è` and e` and - - zn]
`r¥ Az
© n¥ meth’ba-ae acquired, have, gotten / needed, require, necessary [ref. `ra and - - zn]
oixn
¦ CY
© n¥ met’dam’reen they were astonished; amazed; marvelled [ref. xnc and - - zn and oi- - ]
mezn
ª m’thuwm ever, at any time / of all time, everlasting, eternity
` ¨ mezn
ª m’thuwm lo {phrase} never <lit. ever not>
iY© n© mat’tai Name: Mattai (Matthew)
jxMz
¥ n¥ meth’k’rekh toured, went in circuits, rotations, around and about [ref. `kxk]
`l̈zn© math’lo proverb, allegory, comparison, simile, representation [cmp. `z`lt]
oz̈n̈ mo-thon Name: Mathon
42
oipw
¦ zn
© m’thaq’neen mending, fixing, preparing, arranging [ref. `pwz]
`xwz
¥ n¥ meth’q’re who was called
`qx
¥ zn
© m’thar’se {pl.} nourishes [ref. `qxz]
oir¥ xz
© n¥ meth’ra-ein reasoned, conferred [ref. oirx and - - zn]
p N Non / 14th letter of Alap-Beth

zx`
© p¦ ni’rath {contr} he will inherit [ref. `zxi and - - p]
oezx`
ª p¦ nir’thuwn they will inherit [ref. `zxi and - - p and oe-ª - ]
`¥iap
¦ n’vi-ye Name: N’viye (Prophets), {pl.} scrolls of the prophets / {pl.} prophets
ì̈ap
¦ n’vi-yo prophet, spiritual shepherd, holy guide
cbp
© n’jhadh draw out, lengthen / guide, lead / withdraw, move /scourge, lash, flog
dbp̈
© no-jhah dawn, break of morning, first light
`ce
¥ bp̈
ª no-jhuw’dhe guide by using a stick <used for the blind> [ref. cbp]
`x¨B̈©p nag’go-ro carpenter, wood worker, craftsman
`cp
¨ n’dho break away, splash, burst
`Ÿxid©
¦p na-heer’to glowing, shining, illumined
xdp
© n’har shine, illumine, brighten, gleam, emanation, radiance
`xd©
¨ p nah’ro river, water way, a flowing issue of waters [cmp. xdp]
cAe©
© p naw’badh they may destroy [ref. ca`]
`xde
¨ pª nuwh’ro fire, flame, light, lamp
gepª nuwch Name: Nuch (Noah)
`¥ixke
¨ pª nuwkh’ro-yei stranger, foreigner, alien / unusual, alienated / discomforted, unsettled
`p̈epª nuw’no fish
`xe¨ pª nuw’ro fire, flaming
oA© Cf¥
©p nez’da-ban should be sold, must be sold [ref. oaf and 3 2 C 1 p/n/`]
ig©
¥p na-che sustain life, save life, recover life / bring salvation [ref. ìg and - - p]
Wg¥
©p ne-chash {fut.} will suffer [ref. Wg]
`Ẅg̈p n’cho-sho brass
43
oeWg©
ª p nach’shuwn Name: Nach’shun
zgp
¥ n’cheth descended, went down, sent downward
`Ÿgp̈ noch’to descending, downward / cloak, long outer garment <descends to feet>
xh¥
©p ne-tar observe, watch / guard, protect / maintain, keep, preserve
gïp n’yoch rest, calm, quiet, placid, tranquil / please, satisfy, refresh
xip¦ neer yoke for oxen / service, task
`Wi
¥ p¦ nee’she ensign, banner, standard, flag
ikp̈ nokhi deduct, extract, paid, take, injure, hurt [ref. ikpn]
`l̈k¥p nekh’lo guile, deceit, treachery, deception, fraud / a plot, entrapment
mp̈ nom sleepy, slumber, groggy, doze
`q̈enp̈
ª no-muw’so Name: Torah, Law of Moshe (Moses) <1st five books of Tanakh (Bible)>
`r̈pp̈ non’au mint <herb spice>
`q©
¥p na-se tested, proven, tempted <being lifted to view or smell> [cmp. `pqp]
aq̈p n’sav took, received, made claim to, assume responsibility
`R`
¥ © aqp̈
¥ no-sev bap’pe {phrase} hypocrite, charlatan <exploit by attention> [ref. aqp and `t`]
`R`
¥ iAqp̈
© nos’bai i’pe {pl.} hypocrites, charlatans <exploiting by attention> [ref. aqp and `t`]
oiAqp̈
¦ nos’been collectors, gatherers, who take up, who receive [ref. aqp]
`¥pq¥p nes’ne to hate, dislike, disapprove, resist, reject <be testy and mean> [ref. `qp]
wq¥
©p ne-saq {an irregular contr.} went up, got up, to ascend [ref. wlq]
mYq¥
© p nes’tam recline, relax, sit / set, laying upon / confirm [ref. miq and 3 2 Y 1 p/n/`]
betp
ª n’fuwjh cool, abate, quench, slacken, lessen
weR¥
ªp ne-puwq go out, come out, result, derive, conclude, end [ref. wtp]
ltp
© n’fal fall, go down, lowering, bow / to thrust upon, cast, throw [ref. `ltp]
`l̈ẗp n’fo-lo to fall, descend, pass downward
utp
© n’fatz shake, toss
wtp
© n’faq bring forth, go forth, issued / got away, escaped, gone out
`ẅtp̈ nof’qo went forth, go out, escape, proceed from
44
`Ẅt©p naf’sho life, self <fig. soul>
il¦ Ÿt©p naf’to-li Place: Naf’toli (Naphtali)
avp
© n’tzav planted
`z̈Av¥p netz’b’tho planting, implant, graft <a starter with reproductive ability>
cevp
ª n’tzuwdh trap, catch, snare, capture / hunt, fish, chase [ref. cv]
ì̈xvp̈
¨ notz’ro-yo Name: Notz’royo (Nazarene), shoot, twig, stick, branch
zxvp̈
© notz’rath Place: Notz’rath (Nazareth), place of twigs and basket weaving
`ẅp n’qo swallowed, eaten, bitten, consumed
`z̈Aw¥p neq’b’tho female, feminine, female sex organ / hole, hollow, tunnel, opening
`Cw©
¨ p naq’do clear, pure, spotless, bright / fine, sheer, thin
`rw¥
¥ p neq’eh {pl.} hole, lair, cave, den
swp
¥ n’kef cleave to, adhere, fasten, join with, follow after
xwp
© n’qar hollowed out, hewn, carved
Wwp
© n’qash knocking at a door, strumming a stringed instrument
`b̈xp̈ nor’jho an axe <hand tool for cutting down trees>
`W¥
¥p ne-she {pl.} women [cmp. `Wp`]
aWp
© n’shav blowing, gusting
wWp̈
¥ no-sheq kiss <to tenderly touch something with the lips as a show of affection>
`xW¥
¥ p nesh’re {pl.} eagle <predator bird>
oewYW¥
ª p nesh’t’quwn {contr} they should be quiet [ref. wzW]
lY¥
¥p ne-tel to give by barter or agreement, give in exchange, pay, redeem
lz̈p n’thol {fut.} will give, to give, be paid <to hand over an item> [cmp. `lz]
szp̈
¥ no-thef pull, drag, draw / attract, entice
q S Semkath / 15th letter of Alap-Beth

``¨ q̈ so-o a bushel measure <a quantity of dry goods; of grain, etc.>
oi`¦ q̈ so-een measures, lump, quantity <a whole quantity of measures> [ref. ``q]
`n̈`q¦ si’mo silver
45
o`q¥ sehn to wear foot shodding [ref. `pqn]
`z̈`q© sa’tho bushel <container for dry goods>, grain basket <tightly woven> [ref. ``q]
aq© sav take [ref. aqp]
raq
© s’va satisfied, content, filled, satiated
xaq
© s’var hope, expectation, confidence / belief, presumption, opinion
`xäq
© s’va-ro expect, presume, hope, assume / tolerate
`z̈xaq
© s’var’tho message, gospel, tidings, news [ref. xaq] [cmp. `zxaiq]
`b̈q s’jho increase, multiply, great
cB© q̈ so-gar worship, prostrate, bow down
ceBq
ª s’guwr worshipful, to worship
ibq
¦ s’jhee increased, greater, multiplied / much so, very much [ref. `bq]
`ì̈B¦ q© sag’gi-yo multiplying, increasing, too much, over spreading, massive / crowding
mecq
ª s’dhum Place: S’dhum (Sodom)
cd¥ q© sa-hedh bore witness, testified, attested to, proclaim proof
zeCd
ª q̈ soh’duth bear witness, make testimony [ref. cdq]
`xd
¨ q© sah’ro moon
geq
© s’wach to long for, earnestly desire, eagerly await, greatly desire
`M̈eq© saw’ko branch, bough
`M̈eq© saw’ko bough, branch, twig
ì©xe¦ qª suw’ri-ya Place: Su’riya (Syria)
sg¥ q© sa-chef overturn, overthrow / defeat, cast down
`p̈ḧq̈ so-to-no Name: Sotono (Satan), enemy, despiser, hater
xhq
© s’tar divisions of, on the side / beside, beyond, except, without, other than,
plus
a¥iq© sa-yev defile, pollute / common, unclean
xAi
© q© sai’bar endure, sustain, to bear with, have sufferance / faithful
`z̈xÄiq© sai’bor’tho nourishment, food, provisions, sustenance / wages, hire, support
`ŸxÄiq© sai’bor’to food <the objective of the hunger desire> [ref. `xaq] [cmp. `zxaq]
46
`b̈ïq s’yo-jho hedge, fence <wall for separation and containment>
miq¦ seem recline, sit / lay down, set upon, setting, to place something [cmp. zniq]
zn̈iq¦ see’moth store chest, treasure chest, chests [ref. miq]
`z̈n̈iq¦ see’mo-tho treasure <private or special possession> [ref. zniq]
jq̈ sokh limit, terminate, end, confine, bind / extreme, absolute, totality
`¥pz̈leMªq© sak’kuwl’tho-ne {pl.} schooled, learned, scholars / understanding, intelligent [ref. `lkq]
iM¦ q© sa-kee expect, anticipate, not yet having <expect a different ending> [cmp. jq]
`l̈kq© sakh’lo foolish, careless, stupid / <caus. case: make smart, understand, reveal>
`z̈elk
¨ q© sakh’l’wo-tho wrong doing, foolishness, transgression [ref. `lkq]
ok̈q s’khon weaken, reduce, lessened / poverty, poor [cmp. ikq]
`lq s’lo contempt, despise, abhor, refuse, reject, discard
oen̈lq© sal’mown Name: Sal’mon
wlq
¥ s’leq ascended, went up, arose, raised up, taken up [cmp. wqp]
mq̈ som place, put, set, lay out / hand out, distribute
ì̈nq
© s’ma-yo blind / darkened, concealed, hidden / groping, limping [cmp.xier]
`ki
¥ nq
¦ s’mee’khe guests, company, supporters, friends [ref. jnq]
jn̈q s’mokh support, steady / sit, recline / rest, lay
`k¥ n̈q s’mo-khe {pl.} couches, benches, pillows <low seating for the knee-high table>
`l̈Öq¦ sim’mo-lo the left side, weaker side, least used element [cmp. `pini]
wnq
© s’maq to redden or glow
ipq
¦ s’nee hate, oppose / stand separate, stand straight / reject, refuse
wipq
¦ s’neeq need, needy, wanting, desperate desire, a must
`q̈q̈ so-so moth, worm
xrq
© s’ar visitation, inspection / perform, work, achieve / skin growth, hair
`xr
¨ q© sau’ro hair, strand, thread-like growth from skin [cmp. xrq]
`R̈q¥ sep’po doorway, threshold, porchway <an arched gateway>
`Ÿœ
pitq
¦ s’fee’to sailboat <a small one mast sailing vessel>
47
`x¥qt
¦ q© saf’si-re {pl.} sword, metal blade, knife or flint
wt¥ q̈ so-feq enough, sufficient, equal to, to be fitting, well suited
xẗq s’for shore, beach, seaside, coastline [cmp. ci]
`xt
¥ q̈ sof’re Name: Scribes
`w¥ q© sa-qe {pl.} sackcloth, hair-cloth, burlap <coarse fibrous cloth material>
`ḧxq¥ ser’to tiny stroke, horn-like tip <decorative mark (crown) on Torah letters>
wixq
¦ s’reeq vain, worthless / empty, bare, lacking / combed, carded <with hair>
èz
¨ q© sath’wo stormy, winter
èz
¨ q© sath’wo winter, stormy, cold
`xz
¨ q¥ seth’ro secret, covertly, hiding, concealed / ruined, overturned, undone
r E Eh / 16th letter of Alap-Beth

`c`
¨ r¦ i’dho Festival <a prescribed Feast of Torah> [cmp. `crcr]
l ¥̀ r̈ ou’el upon, over, about, against / enter, go in [ref. lr]
à̈r i’vo to swell, thicken, harden / become dense, fat, heavy
car
© e’vadh do, perform, act upon / make, serve, attend, prepare / observe
`Ca
¨ r© av’do servant, laborer
oici¦ ar
¦ i’vee’dheen overcome, enslaved, subject to / chronically ill, perpetually sick
xär i’vor to cross, go over, pass by / transgress, infringed, trespass
`xa
¨ r¥ ev’ro a crossing, the other side, a place beyond / beside, alongside, by way of
lbr
© ih’jhal quickly, shortly, soon / rolling on, rapid
cr© adh meanwhile, during, until / while, unto, as far as / a juncture, meeting
liM¦ cr
© i’dha-keel still, yet <waiting> [ref. cr]
`l̈cr© adh’lo not yet, waiting, before then, until, while as yet
il̈cr¥ edh’loi fault, blame, guilt, condemned / censure, accuse / problem, difficulty
`n̈cr
© e’dha’mo until, through / as far as, hitherto, unto / be, maintain / remain, stay
izn`
© ¥ `n̈cr
© i’dha-mo le’mathi {phrase} how long, until when <lit. as far as to when>
`c¨rc
¦ r© audh’ih-dho feast, festival, holiday, holy day
48
xcr
© i’dhar help, assist, favor
`z̈c©r¦ i’dha-th congregation, assembly, church
cd© r¥ eu’hadh remember, recall / recount, mention, relate
ciae
¦ rª auw’veedh Name: Uvidh
ì̈fe¦ rª auw’zi-yo Name: Uziyo
`¥ip̈fer© awz’no-ye {pl.} thorns, bramble
xie¦r© au-weer blind or partly blind, darkened, one-eyed [cmp. ìnq]
`l̈er© aw’lo wickedness, evil, corruption, iniquity, immorality
`ẅnerª uwm’qo depth, deepness
xefªr̈ ao-zuwr Name: Ozur
ol̈fr̈ ayz’lon to weave or spin thread for garment
`l̈hr© at’lo slow, stupid / difficult, hard / hesitant, reluctant
`l̈ir¦ ee’lo colt, foal, young offspring of a horse or donkey
`p̈ir© ai’no eye, <body part> organ for seeing
xir¦ i’eer wake, stir, arouse / be attentive, sober, watchful, alert [cmp. ìnq]
lr© aul go in, enter / upon, above, about, concerning, for / carry, lead, bring
`n̈ilr
© i’lai’mo youth, juvenile, young <maiden or bachelor>
`n̈lr̈ ol’mo world / nations, tribes, peoples, cultures / age, epoch
`z̈lr¥ eul’tho pretext, pretense, show, disguise / occasion, necessity / fault, accusation
mr© am with <another>, together, joined, side by side
`n̈r© a-mo people, populace / the people, the Jews [ref. mr and `nnr]
cn̈r e’modh go down into, sink, dip <immerse in water to wash>
oiCn
¦ r̈ aom’deen they immersed, they baptized
dn¥ r© au-meh his people / those who are with him [ref. `nr and mr]
`xe¨ nª r© au-muw’ro Place: Aumuro (Gomorrah)
acp̈i
¨ n¦ r© au-mee’no-dov Name: Aminadov
`n¥ nœr© auh’me peoples, multitudes, nations / Gentiles, non-Jews [ref. mr and `nr]
49
on© r© au-man with us
liè
¦ pªn© r© au-ma-nuw’yil Name: Amanu’il (Immanuel)
unr
© i’matz to be closed, shut up / restrained, suppressed
xn© r© au’mar to stay, dwell
`xn
¨ r̈ aum’ro inhabit, dwell, live / to stay, colonize
`p̈r i’no answer, respond, reply, react <verbally react>
Àp
¥ r¥ eun’be {pl.} grapes
i©pp̈r i’no-nai clouds
À̈qr¥ ehs’bo green herb, grass, blades, stalks, plants
`xq
¨ r¥ es’re Numeral: ten
`z̈p̈icnz
¦ xq
© r¥ es’rath’m’dhee-no-tho Place: Esrath’midinotho (Ten Cities), metroplois area
`ẗr i’fo to double, fold / enfold, collapse, faint / twist, wrap / winged, a bird, fowl
xvr
© i’tzar trample, tread, crush, squeeze
`ẅr̈ ou-qo grief, sadness, distress, depression
aw¥ r© au-qev track, trace, follow, search
lẅr© au-qol twisted around, tied up, entangled / confused, perplexed
`x¨ẅr¥ eh-qo-ro uproot, dig, break up by digging
`xw
¨ r¦ ihq’ro root of plant, the plant organ for absorption
axr
¥ i’rev to set, go down, a setting sun / mingling, mixing <changing light>
Àx
¥ r¥ er’be sheep, flocks
`Ÿaexr
ª i’ruwv’to sunset, end of twilight [ref. axr]
wexªr© au-ruwq flee, run away, escape
ì̈l̈hx
¥ r© aur’te-lo-yo bare, nude, naked / stripped, exposed, unadorned, simple / vulnerable
`q̈xr© aur’so couch, litter, bier, stretcher / bed
wxr
© e’raq fled, escaped
ciz¦ r© au-theedh prepare, get ready, the future, it is time, it is now
`z̈ẅiY¦ r© at’tee’qo-tho ancient, old, aged / antiquated [ref. wzr]
50
`xi¨ Y¦ r© ayt’tee’ro rich person, wealthy
wzr
¦ i’thiq to grow old, aged out, worn
xz© r¥ eh-thar richness, gain, profit / fertile, boutiful
t P Peh / 17th letter of Alap-Beth

`x`
¥ R¦ pi’re {pl.} fruits, a plant and tree products
rbR
© p’jhau meet a person, arrive at a place, chance upon, fall in with
`xb
¨ t© pajh’ro body, all flesh, total substance of a living or dead thing [cmp. `xqa]
`n̈eRª puw’meh mouth, lips
`¥pCwe
¨ Rª puwq’do-ne {pl.} commandments, charges, ordinances
`¥pCwe
¨ Rª puwq’do-ne commandments, instructions, charges
`p̈ẅxeRª puwr’qo-no redemption, ransom, salvation <purchase value> [ref. wxt]
`x¨g̈t© fa-cho-ro a potter, maker of clay pottery
`xi¥ h¦ t© pa-tee’re Patire (Unleavening) / Feast of Motzei [ref. xht]
xht
© p’tar depart, leave, quit, return / pass on, die, cease / be unleavened
qeḧli
© R¦ pee’la-tows Name: Pilatos (Pilate)
qeR̈ili
¦ t¦ pee’lee’pows Name: Pilipos (Philip)
`M̈pit¦ peen’ko dish, platter, board, tablet
qit¦ pees persuade, convince / reason, argue / compel, encourage / incite
`M̈R© pak-ko cheek, side of face, jaw
dMt
© p’kah tasteless, bland, worthless, insipid
`l̈t p’lo something strange, wondrous, unusual, curious [ref. ilt and `z`lt]
`z̈`l̈t¥ pe-lo’tho parable, allegory, comparison, riddle [cmp. `lzn and `lt and ilt]
blt
© p’lajh divide, part into two, schism / strife, be separate / confusion, suspicion
belt
ª p’luwjh division, be at odds, contending, fight / punish [ref. blt]
gelt
ª p’luwch labor, work, toil, serve / husbandman, cultivator, vine-dresser
glR
© p’lach tilled, labored, worked, served
ilt
¦ p’lee search, examine / select, cut away / secret, hidden [ref. `z`lt and `lt]
51
ol̈R p’lon so and so, such and such, a person, someone <you’ll know who>
`r̈lR¥ pel’au occasion, opportunity, chance, occurrence
iWl
¦ R̈ pol’shee digs, breaks through, digs up
`p̈t p’no return, turn around, gave a response / restored, brought back / turned
ipR
¦ p’ni turned, brought the face to bear [ref. `pt]
qt© pas cast lots, chance selection
wqR
¥ p’seq cut down, break / cut off, cease, shorten / to decide, having determined
`ẅq̈t p’so-qo shorten, make shorter, cut down, cut off
`lr
¥ R̈ pou’le workers, laborers
ut¥ petz shake off, dust off [ref. utp]
`g̈vR¥ petz’cho Petz’cho (Passover)
iv¦ R© patz’ee deliver, set free, release, give liberty / preserve, support [ref. utp]
cwt
© p’qadh commanded, instructed, told
gẅR© pa-qoch advantageous, useful, suitable / better / productive, flowering
`g̈ẅR p’qo-cho preferred, better, reasonable, expedient / suitable, proper, fitting
`l¥ b¥ xt
¨ f’ro-jhe-le whip, lash
`ŸCxt
¥ p’red’to a grain, kernel, single seed
`be
¥ xªR© pa-ruw’jhe chicks, fledgling, nestling <young birds>
wexR
ª p’ruwq save, deliver, defend, rescue / saviour, guardian [ref. wxt]
gxt
¨ p’rach to fly, glide / flee, escape / squander, dissipate, drift away
`g̈xt
¨ p’ro-cho flight, fleeing, whirl, flutter / advance, spread / merchant, spendthrift
`z̈gx©ẗ po-rach’tho a flying creature, insect, bird, fowl [ref. gxt]
oixe¦ ḧxR
¥ p’re-taw’reen Place: P’retaw’reen (Praetorium), Governor’s Palace/Residence
`Wi
¥ xR
¦ p’ree’she Name: P’rishe (Pharisees)
diqx
¥ t© par’seih divulge, expose, scandalize
rxt
¨ p’rau to pay, due return, discharge obligation, render, compensate, reimburse
uxt© partz Name: Par’tz
52
`R̈evx
ª R© par’tzuw’po the face / person, presence, personality <sense of being near>
wxt
© p’raq break away, withdraw / redeem, ransom / abandon, quit / turn aside
Wxt
¨ p’rosh separate, set apart, appoint / determine, differentiate / test, prove
hWt
© p’shat straighten, stretch forward, stand erect / guileless, righteous [cmp. `hiWt]
`b̈iWt
¦ p’shee’jho crippled, maimed, gimped
`ḧiWR
¦ p’shee’to simplicity, straightforwardness, directness / plainness, clearness [ref. hWt]
wiWR
¦ p’sheeq easily, readily, natural [ref. wWt]
wẄt p’shoq make plain, be easy / explain, translate / a parable
`zt
¥ p’the wide, broad, spacious, expansive
`n̈B̈zR¥ peth’go-mo a word, a saying, phrase / a matter, affair / an answer for, in account of
`xe¨ zª ẗ po-thuw’ro table, tray, altar <a gift place, or a place of exchange>
gzt
© p’thach an opening, doorway / commencement, beginning
gzR
© p’thach an opening, doorway, entrance
v Tz Tzodhe / 18th letter of Alap-Beth

à̈v tz’vo desire, willingness / approval, accepting
ì̈av̈ tzov’yo bend, relent, accommodate, desire, accept
rav
© tz’vau finger, thumb, toe, digit / dip, moisten, wetted / dye, stain, paint
zA¥ v© tza-beth adorn, decorate
cv̈ tzodh hook, net, trap / hunt, fish, chase
`d̈v tz’ho thirst
oeid
ª v¥ tzeh’yuwn Place: Tzeh’yun (Zion) <the broad and open hillside in the sun>
`n̈ev© taw’mo fasting <in the active state, ie. “ ing” , due to the e> [ref. mv]
xevª tzuwr Place: Tzur (Tyre)
`xe¨ v© zaw’ro neck, throat / collar / top of a stalk
èg
¨ v© tzach’wo open sky, fair weather [ref. igv]
igv© tzachi to glow, a sun bath / express, publish, proclaim, tidings <public news>
`cï¥ v© tza-yo-dhe fishing, netting
53
oCi¨ v© tzai’don Place: Tzai’don (Sidon)
`l̈v tz’lo pray, petition, offer praise
el© v© tza-law you pray, petition, intercede [ref. `lv]
`z̈elv
ª tz’luw’tho praying <in the active state, ie. “ ing” , due to the e> [ref. `lv]
mv̈ tzom to fast
xrv
© tz’ar small / slighted, embarrassed, shamed / despised, mocked, abused
`xR
¨ v¥ tzep’ro finch, sparrow <any small or little bird>
`xt
¨ v© tzaf’ro early morning, daybreak, dawn <when small birds sing> [ref. `xtv]
`z̈tv¥ tzef’tho decoration, ornamentation, / facade, facing / care, anxiety
`xv
¨ tz’ro to rip, rend, break, burst
oxv
¨ ts’ron tore, rent, burst
w Q Quf / 19th letter of Alap-Beth

m ¥̀ ẅ qo-em stood, stayed [ref. mew]
`qx`
¥ w¦ qir’se adversities, calamities, conflicts, wars, fighting, revolts
xeAª w¥ qeb’bur bury <set a body in a sepulchre, tomb or cave> [ref. `xaw]
law
© q’val complain, affront, protest / contact, engage / accept, receive, consent
`xa
¨ w© qav’ro grave, sepulchre, sealed cave <place for flesh to decay and bones to dry>
mcw
¨ q’dhom before, ahead, in front / former, previous / start, first
`¥in̈cw© qadh’mo-ye ancients, those before your time, forefathers
WC©w© qa-dash revered, sacred, esteemed / unique, different, separate / consecrate, holy
èw
¨ q’wo abide, remain, await / continue / assemble
lae
© wª quw’val opposite, adjacent, against, beside, before, in front [ref. law]
`Ẅcewª quwdh’sho holy, holiness
mewª qum stand by, last, remain, endure / maintain, exist, be available [ref. `nw]
`zne
¥ w© qawm’the stature, height, standing form [ref. `nw]
`p̈ite
¦ wª quw’fee’no large or wide-mouth basket
`p̈Äxewª quwr’bo-no an offering, gift for the Altar
54
Àhxe
¥ wª qurwt’be {pl.} thistle, prickly weeds
ì̈xewª quwr’yo districts, communities [ref. `zixw and `xw]
ì̈p̈ixe¦ wª quw’ree’no-yo Place: Qu’rinoyo (Cyrene)
eWewª quwsh’w knock, thump, tap <at a door> [ref. Wwp]
`ŸWewª quwsh’to rightness, justice, fairness
lehw
ª q’tuwl murder, to kill without purposeful justice
oih¦ w© qa’teen thin, slender, narrow, constricted / small, tiny, little
`xi¨ hw
¦ q’tee-ro compulsion, coercion, force, violence / binding in chains [ref. xhw]
lh¥ w© qa-tel to kill
`l̈hw¥ qet’lo to kill, slay, murder
`n̈hw¥ qet’mo ashes <from fire>
xḧw q’tor tie, bind, fetter, chain
`ḧiw© qai’to summer
`Ÿnïw q’yom’to resurrection <lit. the rising up> [cmp. `zin zig]
`l̈ẅ qo-lo voice, speech
`ci¥ lw
¦ q’lee’dhe {pl.} keys <to a door or gate>
`l̈il¦ w© qa-lee’lo light weight / swift / easy / a little, slightly
mẅ qom awoke, arose, stood
`n̈w q’mo arise, stand
`g̈nw© qam’cho flour, grain meal <coarsely ground cereals>
`vn
¥ w© qam’tze {pl.} grasshoppers, locusts <the only kosher insect>
`p̈w q’no gain, purchase, obtain / possess, have
`p̈exhp
ª w¥ qent’ruw’no Qenturno (Centurian), Roman Officer <in charge of a hundred soldiers>
ì̈pw© qan’yo cane, reed, stalk, stick, branch
ì̈p̈w© qa-no-yo possessor, owner, purchaser / rich person / noble, ruler
ì̈p̈p̈w q’no-no-yo Name: Q’nonoyo (Canaanite)
`xp̈e
¥ hqª w¥ qes’tuw’no-re guard, enforcer / torturer, executioner
55
xq© w¥ qe-sar Name: Qesar (Caesar)
qeR̈ili
¦ tc`
¦ i©x¦q© w¥ qe-sa-ree’yadh’fee’lee’paws Place: Qesariyodh’filipos (Caesarea Philippi)
`r̈w q’au to call out, cry out, shout / to implore / blast of a trumpet [cmp. `rb]
gẗw q’foch slap, beat, hit, cuff / humiliate, insult, abuse / oppress, persecute
`v̈w q’tzo cut off, end, bottom, finality, conclude / because, on account, resulting
xw© qar coolness, chilly / to be cold
`xw
¨ q’ro called, summoned, invoked / read, recite, explain, dispute
1
`xw
¥ q’re call, summon, appeal to, request attention, invoke / assign / read
2
`xw
¥ q’re town, village, community <conversation place> [ref. `zixw and ìxew]
axw
¨ q’rov coming, approaching, brought near / contact, touch / given, presented
ax¥w© qa-rev offering, presenting, giving
à¥ xw
¨ q’ro-ve {pl.} nearness, advancements / invasion, battles, wars
à̈ix¦w© qa-ree’vo neighbor, fellow, person near you
`xi¥ x¦w© qa-ree’re {pl.} very cool, chilly, cold [ref. xw]
zixw
¦ q’reeth have summoned, called unto
`z̈ixw
¦ q’ree’tho town, village, district, community / place, area, field [ref. `xw and ìxew]
`z̈ix¦ẅ qa-ree’tho beam, timber <the horizontal central-ridge-beam of a roof>
1
`p̈xw© qar’no animal horn, Shofar <Ram’s Horn>, trumpet [cmp. `xwz]
2
`p̈xw© qar’no a tip or corner, arm or extension of object, tassels <tzitzith> of grament
`v̈xw© qar’tzo pull apart, chunk bread / biting words, viciously accuse, disparage
`z̈twx
© w© qar’qaf’tho a head, skull / top, crown, summit / chief, prince
Ww© qash to grow old, advance in years / to collect objects, pick things up
`Wi
¥ W¦ w© qa-shee’she {pl.} elders, ancestors, ancients / community leaders [ref. Ww]
x R Rish / 20th letter of Alap-Beth

ax© rav Title: Rav (master)
À̈x© ra-bo great, large
eAª x¥ reb’buw myriad, ten thousand
56
iA¦ x© rab’bee Title: Rabbi (my master), my teacher; instructor; tutor / my lord
iA© x© rab’bai {pl.} chief, leader <high officer>
oïax¨ rov’yon prosper, increase, grow in abundance
`Ÿir̈iax
¦ r’vee’aui’to numeral four
`z̈Ax© rab’tho growing, increasing / large, massive
`b̈x¥ re-jho desire, lust, longing, craving, coveting [ref. `xeb and xb]
fbx
© r’jhaz angry, provoked, offended
fbx
¥ r’jhez anger, enmity, hostile, provoked
`l̈bx© rajh’lo foot, feet
mbx
© r’jham stoning, throwing stones / to kill by hurling stones
bxb
© x© rajh’rajh earnestly desired, very much wanted [ref. `bx]
`c¥x¨ ro-dhe journey, travel, move along / be forward, ambitious / flow, issue, stream
ì̈tecx
ª r’dhuwf’yo harassment, persecution [ref. scx]
scx
© r’dhaf persecute, pursue, chase <as in run after>, hunt, harass, abuse, torment
hdx
¥ r’het run, be quick, move swiftly, make haste / be eager, energetic
À̈ex© raw’bo clamor, uproar, unrest, protest <lit. a buzzing sound that reverberates>
`f̈bexª ruwjh’zo anger, indignation, trouble, calamity [ref. fbx]
`f̈ex
¨ r’wo-zo exult, rejoice, high spirited
gexª ruwch breath, spirit, soul, self power, self-esteem
`g̈exª ruw’cho Name: Spirit
`¥ie¨x© ra-wo-ye drunkards
`g̈iex
¦ r’wee’cho spacious, widening expanse, very open, airy [ref. `gex]
`rwe
¥ xª ruwq’eh piece of old cloth, tatter
oäxex© rawr’von haughty, excessive, assuming / magnificent, great [ref. àx]
ag̈x¨ ro-chov Name: Rachov
mra
© gx
© r’chav’aum Name: R’chavam
ì̈gx© rach’yo millstone <grinding stone pulled by cattle to crush grain on a stone>
57
lig¥ x¨ ro-cheil Name: Ro’cheil (Rachel)
mgx
© r’cham love, compassion, friendliness
`ng
¥ x© rach’me {pl.} mercies, affections, friendship / inward parts, hearts
wgx
© r’chaq remote, being distant, far away
oh¥ x© ra-ten murmur, complain, grumble, speak against
jx© rakh soft, tender, fresh / moderate
aik¦ x© ra-kheev riding, mounted upon <upon an animal or cart>
`ki
¥ M¦ x© ra-kee’khe {pl.} soft, gentle, mild, tender / luxurious, refined [ref. jx]
`n̈x r’mo to throw, cast, set out, lay out, lay across / raise <a cast high motion>
oin¥ x¨ ro-mein casting, throwing / laying, prostrate / submit, take heed [ref. `nx]
`Ẅnx© ram’sho evening, dusk, twilight <as the sun is setting>
`z̈nx¨ rom’tho Place: Rom’tho (Rama)
`p̈x r’no to think, heed, attend, plan, consider / notion, idea / worry
ì̈px¥ ren’yo reflection, meditation, thought, concern, care [ref. `px]
rx© rau beat, pound, dash, wound / break up, shatter, fracture / ruin [cmp. xaz]
`r̈x© ra-auo feed, tend as shepherd, satisfy, reconcile, make agreement, settle out
zerª x¨ ro-auth Name: Ra’uth (Ruth)
irx
¥ r’ei {pl.} shepherd, lead, guide, rule
ì̈rx¨ rou’yo feeding, eating / shepherd, guide
oïrx¥ reu’yon mind, intellect, thinking, judgement, opinion
oir¥ x¨ ro-ein herding, tending, watching / manage, supervise / ponder, reason, think
`r̈irx
¦ r’ee’ou bruised [ref. rx]
`Ẅtx© raf’sho fan, broad basket <for winnowing grains>
wx© raq to spit / make thin
`w© x© ra-qa {a slander} vain, empty, worthless, idiot, stupid
cwx
© r’qadh dance, skip <responsive gestures> / mourn, lament <reactive gestures>
Wx¦ reesh prominent, most forward, place of importance
58
Wx© rash head, beginning, start, first / tip, top, end, uttermost / chief, prince, ruler
ziWx
¦ r’sheeth the beginning, the actual start
y Sh Sheen / 21st letter of Alap-Beth

`c`
¥ W¦ shi’dhe {pl.} demon, evil spirit, supernatural power or being, devil [cmp. `peic]
l ¥̀ W© sha-el asked, queried, petition, request
À̈W© shab’bo a week <a group of seven days, being Sunday (Day One) to Shab’tho>
gäW sh’voch praise, glorify, commend, give thanks
`ḧaW© shav’to staff, rod, scepter <walking and defensive stick> / tribe, clan
lia¦ W© sha-veel pathway, way of going, method of rule
oiwi
¦ aW
¦ sh’vee’qeen forgiven, pardoned / sent away, released, let loose [ref. waW]
`ŸwiaW
¦ sh’veeq’to abandoned, neglected, deserted, uncared for, unattended [ref. `waW]
la¥ W© sha-bel show the way, train or instruct / form spikes, arrange with order
`lA
¥ W¥ sheb’ble spike, blade, ear of wheat <nested rows of grain kernels> [cmp. liaW]
raW
© sh’vau numeral: seven
raW
© raW
© sh’vau sh’vau {phrase} “ of seven, as the seven” <lit. seven of seven>
oira
¦ W© shav’een numeral: seventy
waW
© sh’vaq forsook, deserted / ignore, forget / to leave, go away / remitted, forgiven
`ẅaW
© sh’va-qo leave alone, allow, accept, permit, forgive, pardon, release, surrender
`ŸaW
¥ sh’ve-to dill <herb spice>
`z̈AW© shab’tho Sabbath, seventh day, Saturday, day of rest / a week [ref. azi]
ì̈WebW
ª sh’jhuwsh’yo riot, commotion, tumult / protest, sedition, dissent [ref. WbW]
ybW
© sh’jhash trouble, disturb, provoke, stirred / boisterous, wild, excited / emotional
`cW
¨ sh’do throw off, cast down, thrust
icW
¦ sh’dhee hurl, throw, cast, sling [ref. `cW]
xC©W© shad’dar to send, to throw, dispatch, order to, charge
xdW
© sh’har watch, be wakeful, be diligent, alert
èW
© sh’wa level, smooth, equal, matching, joined, sharing / agreeing
59
è¥Ẅ sha-we to be even, level / equal, matching, the same / sufficient, worthy
`g̈aeWª shuwv’cho praises, show of worth, glory, splendor, glorification
`p̈ẅaeWª shuwv’qo-no forgiveness [ref. waW]
beW
¨ sh’wojh to wash; clean away
rce© W© shaw’dhau mark, signify, identify / recognize, acknowledge, respect [ref. rci]
geW
© sh’wach sprout, spring up, flourish
heWª shuwt dishonor, contempt, despise, scorn
oie¥Ẅ sha-wein being equal to, of mutual worth / spread out, flattened [ref. èW]
`n̈l̈eWª shuw’lo-mo the end, summation, conclusion, finish
`r̈eWª shuw’au rock, rocky ground
`we
¥ Wª shuw’qe {pl.} open area, wide section / market, square / highway, trade-route
`xwe
¨ Wª shuwq’ro lying, perjury, falsehood, deception [ref. xwW]
`¥pWe
© Wª shuw’sha-ne {pl.} lilies <glass-like flowers, many colors, having a glassy shine>
`t¥ ŸeW© shaw’to-fe {pl.} partner, associate, companion, in league, sharers
xg̈Ẅ sho-chor dark, gloomy, frightening / abandoned, remaining / forced, compelled
`Ÿtih¦ Ẅ sho-teef’to a small tapering vase or bottle, ointment box, perfume vial [ref. shW]
shW
© sh’taf cut apart, cut at a skew / sloping, slanted / narrowing
leiW
ª sh’yul Place: Sh’yul (Hades), grave, pit, lower regions, lowest hell
`p̈iW© shai’no tranquility, calm, easiness
`xe¨ ti
ª W¦ shee’fuw’ro trumpet, Shofar <ram’s horn>
akW
© sh’kav to sleep, lie down
gkW
© sh’khach find, uncover, expose, reveal / discarded, forgotten
`g̈k̈W sh’kho-cho accidentally find, discover by chance, happen upon / can do, able
`c¨lW
© sh’la-dho a corpse, carcass, body, trunk
glW
© sh’lach to send, dispatch <as a letter or messenger> / to cast off, shed away
gl̈W sh’loch put off, lay aside, undress, strip <remove clothing>
hl¥ W© sha-let authority, overseeing, having control, having rule, dominion
60
ì̈lW¥ shel’yo silence, quietness / stillness, calm
`gi
¥ lW
¦ sh’lee’che apostle, messenger, emissary, missionary
hil¦ W© sha-leet lawful, allowed, permitted, being observant [ref. hlW]
oen̈ilW
¥ sh’lei’mown Name: Sh’leimon (Solomon)
oeni
ª lW
¥ sh’lei’muwn Name: Sh’lemun (Solomon)
mlW
¥ sh’lem finished, complete / stopped, halted
`n̈l̈W sh’lo-mo peace, concord, welfare, stable, intact, wholeness / complete, fulfilled
li`z¦ l© W¥ she’la-thi’il Name: Shelathil
`n̈W sh’mo a name, a place <a there> / there
dnW
¥ sh’meh his name, name of [ref. `nW and d- - ]
`p̈enª Ẅ sho-muw’no a small copper coin, a mite, farthing
hnW
© sh’mat draw out, unsheathe, tear out, pull, pluck
ì̈nW
© sh’ma-yo sky, heavens, abode of Aloha (God)
rnW
© sh’mau heard, listened / obey, submit to perform
oern
ª W¥ shem’uwn Shemun (Simon)
`¥ixn
¨ Ẅ shom’-ro-ye Name: Shomroye (Samaritans)
Wn¥ Ẅ sho-mesh to serve, attend, care for
`ẄnW¥ shem’sho the sun [ref. yny]
`p̈W sh’no a year, a full time period, cycle / change, depart / deranged, demented
`p̈W¥ she-no tooth <repeat motion, cyclical>
`©pW sh’na change place, depart, migrate, keep traveling
ip¦ W© sha-ni departed, changed directions, went to, returned to, withdraw to [ref. `pW]
oipW
¦ sh’neen years
wp̈W sh’noq punish, abuse, afflict, torture
`ẅp̈W sh’no-qo torment, punishment, abuse, severe trouble, biting pain [ref. `wp]
dzp
¥ W¥ shen’theh his sleep, sleep of
`r̈W sh’ou smooth out, fill holes / relate, narrate, explain / discuss, talk about
61
`z̈rẄ shou’tho hour, moment, immediate time
xiR¦ W© shap’peer to please, do well, act nicely, be mannerly / beauty, comely, goodness
rRW
© sh’fau poured, shed, overflowed / copious, lavish, abundant, abound
`ẅW sh’qo to water, irrigate, serve water to, give to drink
`ẗiwW
¦ sh’qee’fo steep rock, steep cliff, precipice, crag
lwW
© sh’qal to take, take away, remove, carry away / depart, leave / reserve, retrieve
xẅW sh’qor a lye, falsehood, pretense
xW© shar strengthen, confirm, affirm, assure [ref. ixW]
`xW
¥ sh’re {pl.} untied, disengaged, dismissed / released, begun [ref. ixW]
`z̈ÄxW© sharb’bo-tho history / generation / tribe, family
`b̈xW
¨ sh’ro-jho a lamp, a vessel for burning oil for light
`z̈exªẄ sho-ruw’tho meal, feast, dinner, banquet, foods, fixings [ref. `xW]
ixW
¦ sh-ree relief, set free / loosen, dismiss / resolve, conclude / object to, refute
ix¦W© sha-ree initiate, start, begin <independent or self determined action> / release
ixW
¥ sh’rei untie, disengage, dismiss / release, begin, initiate [ref. `xW]
xix¦W© sha-reer true, proven, firm / honest, upright, direct [ref. xW]
`M̈xW© shar’ko remnant, remaining, the rest, the others
`z¥ Ẅ sho-the {pl.} drinking
`z̈W sh’tho six
`z̈q`z¥ W¥ she-thes’tho base, foundation, grounding
oetYe
ª YW© sh’taw’t’fuwn consummated [ref. szW]
oiYW
¦ sh’teen sixty [ref. `zW]
zgk
© YW
© sh’takh’chath discovered [ref. gkW]
sYW
© sh’taf join, attach, merge, combine
wŸW sh’toq cease, be still, keep peace / quieten, silence
z Th Thaw / 22nd letter of Alap-Beth

`z̈ to to go, to come / return, go back, recycle, repeat, do again [ref. ez]
62
`ne`
© z̈ tow’ma Name: Toma (Thomas)
`n`
¥ Y¦ ti’me you shall swear [ref. oni and - - z and - - i]
oen`
ª Y¦ ti’muwn {contr.} you shall swear [ref. oni and - - i]
`¥p`Y¦ ti’ne {pl.} figs
aŸ tov repent, reform, return, change back [ref. aez]
eaY¥ tevw be seated, you should wait, please stay <the e is a suffix> [ref. azi]
`p̈az¥ thev’no chaff, husks, loose grasses and debris
xAz
© th’bar break, bruise, fracture [cmp. rx]
xb̈z t’jhor wages, earnings / trade, commerce, business / contend, strife, argue
ic©Y© ta-dhai Name: Tadhai (Thaddeus)
`z̈iMc
¦ z© thadh’kee’tho cleansing, purification / purgation, evacuation <as excrement> [ref. `kc]
oixi¦ d¦ Y© ta-hee’reen {contr} they were amazed; astonished; shocked [ref. xdz and oi- - ]
xdz
© t’har amazed, marvelled, astonished, wonderment, surprise [cmp. xez]
eY© taw come, return, repeat, again / at the end, follow, trail behind [ref. `z]
aeYª tuwv again, besides, furthermore / repeat, return, changing / repent [ref. az]
ieY
¦ t’wee repented, reconsidered / turned back [ref. ez and `z]
`p̈e¨z© ta-wo-no inner chamber, private room, enclosed place
`Ÿlwe
© Yª tuw’qal-to a stumbling, offence, scandal [ref. lwz]
xez
© t’war amazed, marvelled, astonished, wonderment, surprise [cmp. xdz]
`xe¨ z© thaw’ro bull, ox
`x¨z̈ez© taw’tho-ro remainder, the rest of, leavings / excess, overflow / what is there
rifY
¦ t’zee’e became disturbed, was bothered [ref. rif]
`n̈egz
ª t’chuw’mo border, dividing line, boundary / confinement [ref. `ng and mgz]
mg̈z t’chom to mark a boundary, set limits, display restrictions [ref. `ng]
Ygz© tach’t under, beneath, lower, below, downward
`z̈eaïz
ª th’yo-vuw’tho penitence, remorse, sorrow over fault, repentance
`p̈niz© taim’no south <being the right side from facing east> [ref. `pini]
63
likY
¦ t’keel trusts, relies, depends upon [ref. lkz]
lk̈z t’khol trust, have confidence, rely on / secure, safe / certainty, assurance
`z̈l̈kY¥ tekh’lo’tho Tekh’lotho (Tikheleth), fringes <lit. the blue thread of the Tzitzith>
`q¥ Mz
© t’ka-se {pl.} struck, jerked, dislocated, bumped / stopped, coerced, reproved
`l̈z t’lo hang, dandle, suspend / hoist, lift up [cmp. lzp]
`B̈lY© talg’go snow
`ci¨ nl
¦ Y© tal’mee’dho Name: Talmidho (Disciple), student and assistant
`ci¥ nl
¦ Y© tal’mee’dhe Name: Talmidhe (Disciples), students and assistants
zl̈z t’lath {fem.} numeral: three
`z̈l̈Y t’lo-tho numeral: three
oiz¦ l̈z th’lo-theen numeral: thirty [ref. `zlz]
mz© tam innocent, simple, perfect / harmless, guileless
`ni
¥ n¦ z© ta-mee’me innocently, harmlessly / not targeting, not addressing specifically [ref. mz]
on̈z© ta-mon there, that place / whence, thence, thither, yonder <directional>
xn̈Ÿ to-mor Name: Tamor (Tamar)
op̈Y t’non here, in this place, now present
`lr
¥ z© thau’le {pl.} foxes
lR¥ Y¥ te-pel Construct: <typical contraction, p is quiesced> [ref. `ltp and - - z]
ì̈lt
© Y¥ tef’la-yo Tefillan <small boxes containing scrolls as instruments for prayer>
lwY
¥ t’qel be struck, caused to stumble, be offended / to fall [ref. `ltp and - - z]
owz
¥ t’qen trimmed, repaired, restored /prepared, modelled, fashioned [ref. `pwz]
ow¥ Y© ta-qen bird nest [ref. `pwz]
`p̈ẅz t’qo-no establish, settle, order, arrange, prepare, restore / furnish, provide, build
`xw
¥ Y¥ teq’re sound out, blow the horn, announce by trump [ref. `xw cmp. `pxw]
xz© tar have near, be with, keep close [cmp. xh and `xz]
`x©z© ta-ra instruct, discipline, guide, admonish
mBx
© Y© tar’gam interpreted, translated, meaning
64
oixY
¥ t’rein Numeral: two
oixY
¥ oixY
¥ t’rein t’rein {phrase} two each, two by two <Inf. two here and two there>
uixY
¦ t’rits aimed, pointed, directed, turn to
dzïnx
¥ Y© tarm’yo-theh {pl.} foundations, a starting, beginnings, emergence [ref. `nx]
`Ÿlebp̈x
ª Y© tar’no-jhuwl’to hen, fowl, chicken
`l̈bp̈xY© tar’najh’lo cock, rooster, male fowl
qep̈xY
¨ t’ro-nows throne, altar [cmp. ìqxek]
`q̈xz© tar’so feed, nourish / give support, furnish needs, be a parent to
`r̈xY© tar’au doorway, passage, gateway
ir¦ xz
© t’ra-ee divide, lay open / planning, thinking / entrance, doorway, passage, gate
xqr
© xY
¥ t’reu’sar numeral: twelve [cmp. `xqrzxz] [ref. oizxz and `xqr]
oiYx
¥ Y© tar’tein two, the second, the other
`xq
¥ r¥ Yx
© Y© tar’ta-es’re the numeral twelve <two and ten> [ref. oizxz and `xqr]
`r̈Wz¥ tesh’ou Numeral: nine
oirW
¦ Y¥ tesh’ieen Numeral: ninety
`ŸY¦ ti-to fig-tree
seYª Y¥ te-tuwf tear, rend [ref. szp and - - z]
65

Petit Dico - Peshitto Aramaic

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Petit Dico - Peshitto Aramaic

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P’shitto Aramaic Dictionary, by Rick Wills

This vocabulary with its notations

Rick Wills, Wellsprings of Torah,

All publication rights are reserved.

Start of Project: 07/18/2005 Current Progress: 12/28/2005

The œ above a letter indicates the consonant is silent or nearly silent.

The combination of eª is the EW or UW sound.

The combination of e¨ is the OW or AW sound.

The ¨ is an OH sound, but not as strong as the e ¨ combination,

The absence of pointing for a consonant is treated as a Hebrew Shwa,

The following combinations special treatment... An i¦ is an EE sound.

When a i¦ (normally YI) is at the start of a word, it is pronounced as i`

Peshitto Aramaic Conjunctives

Properties Definition Joining Consonant Joining Vowel

Properties Definition Separate Appended

Properties Definition Appended Example

1-prs grp-pos cm-pl Our oi-© - - our horses

2-prs grp-pos ml-sg Your Ji-© - - your horses (a man)

2-prs grp-pos ml-pl Everyone oeM̈i-© - - everyone’s horses (men)

2-prs grp-pos fm-sg Your iMi-© - - your horses (a woman)

2-prs grp-pos fm-pl Everyone oiMi

3-prs grp-pos ml-sg His idœe-¥ - - idœe-© - - his horses (a man)

3-prs grp-pos ml-pl Their oed̈i-© - - their horses (men)

3-prs grp-pos fm-sg Her Di-¥ - - her horses (a woman)

3-prs grp-pos fm-pl Their oidi

Properties Definition Singular Plural

Properties Definition Information Construct

Peshitto Aramaic Vocabulary

` A Olaf / 1st letter of Alaf-Beth

cä ¥̀ e-vodh destroy, perish, ruin / lose, waste, expend

idœeaª `© a-vuwi his father [ref. `a`]

`ïa¦ `© a-vi-yo Name: Aviyo

ceiªa¦ `© a-vi-yuwdh Name: Aviyudh

`l̈ä` e’vo-lo mourn, grieve, lament

rA© `© ab’bau bring forth, cause to abound, make evident, reveal

`q̈xebª`¨ a-jhuwr’so field, estate, farm, land, property / village area

`e¨`¨ a-wa to make comparison, considerations / else, or, maybe, rather

iCe¦ `© aw’dee praise, proclaim, profession, belief

`ŸnM̈e ª̀ uwc’com’to black [ref. mk`]

`p̈v̈le ª̀ uwl’tzo-no persecution, sufferings [ref. ul`]

`ïxe¦ ª̀ uw’ri-yo Name: Uriyo (Uriah)

`Ÿixe¨ ª̀ uw’roi’to Torah, first five scrolls of Moses

rxe© ª̀ uw’rau meet, encounter / engage, attack

lf¥`¨ o-zel went, departed, leave, go, gone

lf© ¥̀ e-zal way, route, journey

`g¥ `© a-che {pl.} brothers

eag¥ `© a-chev’w be loving [ref. `ag]

cg¥ `¨ o-chedh take, apprehend, grasp, grab, catch

fg̈`¨ o-choz Name: Ochoz

oici¦ g¦ `© a-chee’dheen upheld, regarded, esteemed, respected [ref. cg`]

xg̈`© a-chor tarry, delay, be late

lh¥ `© a-tel overshadow, shaded [ref. `llh]

ei`¦ eew good, well done, excellent <in praise or admiration>

`M̈i`© ai’ko where, when <as a place or event, or where upon>

li`¦ eel God, Most Powerful, Creator [cmp. `dl`]

`p̈l̈i`¦ ee’lo-no tree <fruit tree>

oi`¦ een yes, it is so, affirmative, indeed, agreed [cmp. oe`]

wg̈qi`¦ ees’choq Name: Is’choq (Issac)

`l̈eMª`¨ o-kuw’lo glutton, always eating [ref. lk`]

oik¦ `© a-kheen Name: Akhin

lk¥ `¨ o-khel {pl.} eating, consuming

`l̈k`© akh’lo rust, weevil / eater, devourer / decay, decomposition

mk̈` i’khom blackened, darken / shut, close, blocked passage