 Integrate (5 x^2 - 1) Sqrt[5 x^3 - 3 x]

Integrate[(5 * x ^ 2 - 1) * Sqrt[5 * x ^ 3 - 3 * x], x]

Indefinite integrals: Hide steps

Integrate[(5 * x ^ 2 - 1) * Sqrt[5 * x ^ 3 - 3 * x], x]

2
2 3/2
 5 x - 1 5 x3 - 3 x ⅆ x  x 5 x2 - 3 + constant
9
Possible intermediate steps:
Take the integral:
2
 5 x - 1 5 x3 - 3 x ⅆ x

For the integrand 5 x2 - 1 5 x3 - 3 x , substitute u  5 x3 - 3 x and ⅆ u  15 x2 - 3

ⅆ x:
1
  u ⅆu
3

2 u3/2
The integral of u is :
3
2 u3/2
 + constant
9

Substitute back for u  5 x3 - 3 x:

Answer:
2 3/2
 x 5 x2 - 3 + constant
9

Plots of the integral:

Complex-valued plot | ▾

Plot[(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, {x, -1.2, 1.2}]

0.3
0.2
0.1
x
-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0
-0.1
-0.2
real part

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2

part
-0.3 imaginary part


min max

Complex-valued plot | ▾

Plot[(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, {x, -8.5, 8.5}]

400
200
x
-5 5
-200
-400 real part
imaginary part

min max

Alternate form assuming x>0:

PowerExpand(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, Assumptions -> {}

2 3/2
x3/2 5 x2 - 3 + constant
9

Expanded form of the integral: Step-by-step solution

10 2
x3 x 5 x2 - 3 - x x 5 x2 - 3 + constant
9 3

Series expansion of the integral at x=0:

Series[(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, {x, 0, 4}]

2 (-x)3/2 5 (-x)3/2 x2 25 (-x)3/2 x4

- + + Ox6  Im5 x3 - 3 x ≥ 0
3 3 12 3
* * *
2 (-x)3/2  5 x2 (-x)3/2  25 x4 (-x)3/2 
- + + Ox6  (otherwise)
3 3 12 3

Im(z) is the imaginary part of z »

z is the complex conjugate of z »
*

Big-O notation »

Series expansion of the integral at x=-sqrt(3/5):

Series[(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, {x, -Sqrt[3 / 5], 4}]

4 2 3 3

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4 2 3/2 3 3/2 3
5 x + 15  -  2 5 x + 15   x + +
 5 15 5 5

2 3
3/2 3/2
3 3
17 5 x + 15  x+ 5
5 5 x + 15  x+ 5
- +
4 30 16 2
4 5
1 5 3/2 3 3
5 x + 15  x+ +O x+
768 6 5 5
(generalized Puiseux series)

Big-O notation »

Series expansion of the integral at x=sqrt(3/5):

Series[(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, {x, Sqrt[3 / 5], 4}]

4 2 3/2 3 3/2 3
5 x - 15  + 2 5 x - 15  x- +
5 15 5 5

2 3
3/2 3/2
3 3
17 5 x - 15  x- 5
5 5 x - 15  x- 5
+ +
4 30 16 2
4 5
1 5 3/2 3 3
5 x - 15  x- +O x-
768 6 5 5
(generalized Puiseux series)

Big-O notation »

Series expansion of the integral at x=∞:

Series(2 * (x * (-3 + 5 * x ^ 2)) ^ (3 / 2)) / 9, x, Infinity, 4

3/2
10 3 x 3  1x  1 7/2
9/2 5/2
5 x - 5 x + + +O
9 4 5 40 5 x
(Puiseux series)

Big-O notation »

2 3/2
Out[3]= x - 3 + 5 x2 
9

1
In[4]:=  Integrate  (2 x-3)10 + csc(2 x) cot(2 x)

Indefinite integrals: Hide steps

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1 1 1
 + csc(2 x) cot(2 x) ⅆ x  - 9 csc(2 x) + constant
(2 x - 3)10 18 (3 - 2 x)9
Possible intermediate steps:
Take the integral:
1
 + cot(2 x) csc(2 x) ⅆ x
(2 x - 3)10

Integrate the sum term by term:

1
  cot(2 x) csc(2 x) ⅆ x +  ⅆx
(2 x - 3)10

For the integrand cot(2 x) csc(2 x), substitute u  2 x and ⅆ u  2 ⅆ x:

1 1
  cot(u) csc(u) ⅆ u +  ⅆx
2 (2 x - 3)10

cos(u)
Rewrite cot(u) csc(u) as :
sin2 (u)
1 cos(u) 1
  ⅆu +  ⅆx
2 sin2 (u) (2 x - 3)10

cos(u)
For the integrand , substitute s  sin(u) and ⅆ s  cos(u) ⅆ u:
sin2 (u)
1 1 1
  ⅆs +  ⅆx
2 s 2 (2 x - 3)10

1 1
The integral of is - :
s s2
1 1
- + ⅆx
2s (2 x - 3)10

1
For the integrand , substitute p  2 x - 3 and ⅆ p  2 ⅆ x:
(2 x - 3)10
1 1 1
- +  ⅆp
2s 2 p10

1 1
The integral of is - :
p10 9 p9
1 1
- - + constant
18 p9 2s

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Substitute back for p  2 x - 3:

1 1
- - + constant
2 s 18 (2 x - 3)9

Substitute back for s  sin(u):

csc(u) 1
- - + constant
2 18 (2 x - 3)9

Substitute back for u  2 x:

1 1
- - csc(x) sec(x) + constant
18 (2 x - 3)9 4

Which is equal to:

Answer:
1 1
 - 9 csc(2 x) + constant
18 (3 - 2 x)9

csc(x) is the cosecant function »

cot(x) is the cotangent function »
sec(x) is the secant function »

Plots of the integral:

x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3

-2

-4

min max

y
4

x
-15 -10 -5 5 10 15

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-2

-4

min max

Alternate forms of the integral: More

1 1
- - csc(2 x) + constant
18 (2 x - 3)9 2
1 1 9
- + constant
18 (3 - 2 x)9 sin(2 x)
1 ⅈ
+ + constant
18 (3 - 2 x)9 ⅇ-2 ⅈ x - ⅇ2 ⅈ x

Expanded form of the integral: Step-by-step solution

1 1
- csc(2 x) + constant
18 (3 - 2 x)9 2

Alternate form assuming x is real:

1 sin(2 x)
+ + constant
18 (3 - 2 x)9 cos(4 x) - 1

3
In[5]:=  Integrate 9 x2 e1-x from - 1 to 1

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Definite integrals: More digits Hide steps

1
2 1-x 3
 9x ⅇ ⅆ x  3 ⅇ2 - 1 ≈ 19.167
-1
Possible intermediate steps:
Compute the definite integral:
1
1-x 2 3
 9ⅇ x ⅆx
-1

Factor out constants:

1
3
 9  ⅇ1-x x2 ⅆ x
-1

3
For the integrand ⅇ1-x x2 , substitute u  1 - x3 and ⅆ u  -3 x2 ⅆ x.
This gives a new lower bound u  1 - (-1)3  2 and upper bound u  1 - 13  0:
0
 -3  ⅇu ⅆ u
2

Switch the order of the integration bounds of ⅇu so that the upper bound is larger. Multiply the integrand by
-1:
2
 3  ⅇu ⅆ u
0

Apply the fundamental theorem of calculus.

The antiderivative of ⅇu is ⅇu :
2
 3 ⅇu 
0

Evaluate the antiderivative at the limits and subtract.

2
3 ⅇu   3 ⅇ2 - 3 ⅇ0  3 ⅇ2 - 1:
0

Answer:

 3 ⅇ2 - 1

Indefinite integral: Approximate form Step-by-step solution

2 1-x 3 3
 9x ⅇ ⅆ x  -3 ⅇ1-x + constant

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