School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts

BC019 Research Methods

Research Methods
workbook

Student Name: MEE TENG SING________________

Student ID: __51968_________________________

Assessment:
Portfolio 1: Literature Search and Evaluation Workbook
You are required to complete this workbook which will involve you undertaking
a literature search in a relevant topic area within the Hospitality and Tourism
field, reading and evaluating this literature; and producing a map/analysis of
the topic area as represented by the sample of the literature you have chosen.

The Workbook is designed to get you familiar with searching for academic
related literature, evaluating this literature in relation to the chosen topic, and
to summarise the literature in a critical way.

You have a free choice of topic. The topic for this assessment does not have
to relate to your choice of dissertation topic, at this stage in your programme.
However, it may be a useful way for you to find out the current state of the art
in a subject that interests you and that could become a possible research area
for your dissertation.

Submission Guidelines

The Workbook should be submitted together in one folder/pocket, with the

front cover clearly labelled with your name and student identifier.

There is no restriction on number of words or additional pages added to the

workbook where appropriate; common sense should prevail! If you submit
some material on index cards or non-standard format, ensure these are
securely bound in with your other material.

Please note that the purpose of this assignment is not to assess you on the
specific subject content of your work – rather, we are concerned with the
process you follow, the approach you take and the analytical skills you exhibit.
Correct and complete references are a critical feature of any literature
review exercise, so ensure you understand and can demonstrate the Harvard
system of referencing.

Learning Outcomes
 • On completion of this module, students should be able to analyse
relevant subject literature and contribute to the wider subject debate.

Assignment Guidelines

• Answers that are submitted late, without extenuating circumstances, will be

awarded zero marks. Procedures for documenting extenuating
circumstances are available from the School Office.
• Answers that when taken as a whole, are illegible, inappropriate to the
question asked, and/or whose meaning is insufficiently clear, will be
awarded a fail mark.
• The marks that are awarded to answers will take account of the standard of
written communication that each displays. This will be assessed in terms of
style, meaning, and the accuracy of spelling, grammar, punctuation and
syntax.
• Formal inquiry proceedings will be instigated if there is any suspicion of
academic misconduct or plagiarism in the preparation of answers.
Misconduct includes instances of collaboration
• Your answer will be returned to you in due course. However, you should
ensure that you retain a copy of your answer as a safeguard against your
work going missing.

General Assessment Criteria

The first column indicates the marking range, which can be achieved by
achieving the general assessment criteria indicated in the second column:

Mark General Criteria

(70 – 100) Exceptional scholarship shown in complex learning environments.
Sustained ability to confront the current limits of knowledge in an area,
Distinction
or dealing with applied ‘real world’ contexts where demands of theory
and practice may conflict.

(50 – 69) Knowledge base is up-to-date and relevant to an appropriate breadth

and depth. A significant ability to apply theory, concepts, ideas and
Good Pass
their inter-relationship is illustrated. Clear evidence of independent
thought; and presentation of work is fluent, focused and accurate

(40 – 49) Knowledge is adequate but somewhat limited – narrow and/or

superficial. In the most part, description/assertion rather than
Pass
argument or logical reasoning is used. A clear understanding of the key
issues is demonstrated, but insufficient focus is evident in work
presented.

(30 – 39) Knowledge is limited and/or superficial. Some awareness of concepts

and critical appreciation are apparent, but the ability to conceptualise,
and/or to apply theory is restricted.

(0 – 29) Minimal awareness of subject area. Lack of clarity. Communication of

knowledge can be inarticulate and/or irrelevant.
 Literature Search Workbook:

Contents:

1. Defining the topic

2. Preliminary identification of sources

3. Searching for information

4. Reflections on the search process

5. Summaries of literature

6. Mapping of topic area based on the literature

 1. Defining the topic

Topic title:
Provide a concise title for your topic.

An analyze motivation employees in Hotel and Restaurant industry.

Expansion of topic:
Provide a brief description of the chosen topic, expanding on the title. [3 marks]

The topic is describe motivation of all employees whether professional,

the benefit to provide to employee and with the growth of the service
industry. Identify to motivate employee and give them space to develop
themselves to their full potential. Usually provide exceptional service
quality value for their consumer. Besides that, motivate need to be
focus on clear, specific, realistic and the achievement goals.

Parameters for the search:

(See Lecture week 2) [3 marks]

I will use parameters to do my research for motivation employees in

Hotel and Restaurant in within 5 years. All sources will be in English in
all file.
Keywords/Search terms:
Write down a set of keywords or phrases that you will use to search for information on
your topic. [3 marks]

I will use to search motivation employee, motivation employee in hotel

and restaurant industry and also motivation.
 2. Preliminary identification of sources
relevant to your topic area

Key Text Books in Library:

Use the Library catalogue to identify 3 key text books. Note that the whole book does
not need to be relevant to your topic; a chapter is sufficient. Give full bibliographic
details for each book, using the Harvard system of referencing, and note the shelf
mark alongside. [2x3 = 6 marks, for accuracy in referencing]

4
Number Available: 1
Available At: KDU PJ Section 13: Open Shelf Collection
full Request
items(1)
Call Number HF5549.5.M63 .Mot 1983
marc Add To Subset
Select to add record to Title Motivation and work behavior /
cart Publisher New York : McGraw-Hill, c1983.
Physical
xii, 658 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Description
Series Stmt McGraw-Hill series in management
Edition 3rd ed.

Steers. (1991) Motivation and work behaviour, New York:

McGraw-Hill.

7
Number Available: 1
Available At: KDU PJ Section 13: Open Shelf Collection
full Request
items(1)
Call Number HF5549.5.M63 .Del 1988
marc Add To Subset
Select to add record to Author Dell, Twyla.
cart Title How to motivate people /
Title An Honest day's work
Publisher London : Kogan Page, 1989
Physical
84 p. : ill., forms ; 22 cm.
Description
Series Stmt Kogan Page better management skills

Dell.(1989) How to motivate people/An Honest

day’s work, London: Kogan Page.
Number Available: 1
10
Available At: KDU Penang: Open Shelf Collection
full
items(1) Request
marc Add To Subset Call Number HF5548.8 Pin/1964
Remove From Subset Author Pinder, Craig C.
Select to add record to Title Work motivation :
cart
Publisher Glenview, Ill. : Scott, Foresman, c1984.
Physical
365 p. ; 23 cm.
Description
Series Stmt Scott, Foresman series in organizational behavior and human resources

Pinder.(1984) Work Motivation, Glenview, Ill,:Scott,Foresman.

Key Journal titles (hard copy or electronic):
Use the Library catalogue or the Electronic Journals page at http://webpac.kdu.edu.my
to identify 3 key journal titles that may be relevant to your topic. Give the titles of
the journals and location, if in hard copy in the Library, and provide a brief description
of the subject coverage of each one to indicate its relevancy. [3x3 = 9 marks]

Title: COMMITMENT AND MOTIVATION AT WORK: THE RELEVANCE OF

EMPLOYEE IDENTITY AND REGULATORY FOCUS.
Authors:
JOHNSON, RUSSELL E.1 rjohnson@cas.usf.edu
CHANG, CHU-HSIANG (DAISY)1 cchang@health.usf.edu
YANG, LIU-QIN2 liuqinyang@gmail.com
Source:
Academy of Management Review; Apr2010, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p226-
245, 20p, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*ORGANIZATIONAL commitment
*EMPLOYEES -- Attitudes
*EMPLOYEE rules
*WORK attitudes
*EMPLOYEE loyalty
*PSYCHOLOGICAL contracts (Employment)
*CONTINGENCY theory (Management)
IDENTITY (Psychology)
MOTIVATION (Psychology)
MODEL-based reasoning
RULES
COMMITMENT (Psychology)

Johnson Russell E, Chang Chu-Hsiang (Daisy), Yang Liu-Qin. (2010)

‘Commitment and Motivation at work: The relevance of employee
identity and regulatory focus’, Academy of management review, 35(2),
p226-245.

Title:
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION,
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT AND WORK ATTITUDES.
Authors:
Hung-Wen Lee1 wayne@mai.ncyu.edu.tw
Ching-Hsiang Liu2
Source:
Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal; 2009, Vol.
37 Issue 3, p321-328, 8p, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*WORK environment
*EMPLOYEES -- Attitudes
 *ACHIEVEMENT motivation
*PSYCHOLOGICAL contracts (Employment)
*MOTIVATION (Psychology)
*ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness
Author-Supplied Keywords:
achievement motivation
psychological contracts
work attitude
Hung-Wen Lee, Ching-Hsiang Liu. (2009) ‘The relationship among
achievement motivation, psychological contract and work attitudes’,
Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 37(3), p321-328.

Title:
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION.
Authors:
Honore, John1
Source:
Consortium Journal of Hospitality & Tourism; 2009, Vol. 14 Issue 1,
p63-75, 13p
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*EMPLOYEE motivation
*WORK environment
*EMPLOYEE retention
*LABOR turnover
*EMPLOYEES -- Attitudes
*EMPLOYEE morale
PREVENTION
Author-Supplied Keywords:
motivational needs
motivational theories

Honore John. (2009) ‘Employee Motivation’, Consortium Journal of

Hospitality & Tourism, 14(1), p63-75.
3. Searching for information

Use of online databases & sources:

From the Search for Journal Articles page, at http://webpac.kdu.edu.my search two or
three online or full-text databases for relevant journal articles on your topic. Try to
find about 10 articles. Give the bibliographic details of all articles and indicate from
which online database you have obtained the article. Where full text is available,
download the article for your use later in the Workbook. [2x10 = 20 marks for
accuracy in referencing]

Chun Fang Chiang, SooCheong, Canter Deborah, Prince Bruce. (2008)

An Expectancy Theory Model for Hotel Employee Motivation: Examining
the Moderating Role of Communication Satisfaction, International
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(4), p327-351.

Dr. Adel Ismail Al-Alawi. (2005) Motivating Factors on Information

Technology Employees in Bahrain Hotel Industry, Information System,
6(2), p224-230.

Jonathan Michie, Christine Oughton & Yvonne Bennion. (2002)

Employee Ownership, Motivation and Productivity, The work foundation,
p5-30.

Pattarinee Petcharak. (2002) Motivation in the Saint Paul Hotel

Employees, Uwstout, p4-58.

Curtis Catherine, Upchurch Randall, Severt Denver. (2009) Employee

Motivation and Organizational Commitment: A Comparison of Tipped
and Nontipped Restaurant Employees, International Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 10(3), p253-269.

Sara L.Rynes, Barry Gerhart & Kathleen A. Minette. (2004) The

importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what
people say and what they do, Winter, 43(4), p381-p394.

Calista Lai. (2009) Motivating employees through incentive programs,

University of Applied Sciences, p3-39.

Maroudas Leonidas, Kyriakidou Olivia & Vacharis Artemis. (2008)

Employees' motivation in the luxury hotel industry: the perceived
effectiveness of human-resource practices, Managing Leisure, 13(3/4),
p258-271.

DiPietro Robin & Condly Steven. (2007) Employee Turnover in the

Hospitality Industry: An Analysis Based on the CANE Model of
Motivation, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 6(1),
p1-22.
Rob H. Kamery. (2004) Employee Motivation as it relates to
Effectiveness, Efficiency, Productivity and Performance, Proceedings of
the Academy of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 8(2), p13-143.

Use of Internet Search Engines:

Using the Internet, search for 3 web sites or resources that may be relevant to your
topic, e.g. internet based newsletters/journals, agencies and government
departments, corporate sites, professional bodies, non-government organisations,
academic sites. Give the bibliographic details of all resources and sites. [2x3 = 6
marks]

http://www.articlesbase.com/organizational-articles/restaurant-data-
effects-of-motivating-your-restaurant-staff-1391750.html (no date)
(Accessed: 11 August 2010)

http://www.nestleprofessional.com/united-
states/en/SiteArticles/Pages/One2OnePromotionTheImportanceofEmploy
eeMotivation.aspx (no date) (Accessed: 11 August 2010)

http://www.funevents.com/team-motivation.html (no date)

(Accessed: 11 August 2010)
 4. Reflections on the search process
Write a short report (maximum of 400 words) giving your reflections on the search
process. For example, how difficult/easy was it to find relevant documents; did you
find any differences between the resources accessible through the Library and
Electronic Gateway; what were these differences; did you have to refine your initial
search terms or keyword(s)? If so, why?; [10 marks]

On this reflection on the searching process report, I would like to say

that searching process sometime for me is difficult and sometime is easy for
me to search for the information. This is because there is a regular pattern
that peoples follow as they think their way through the process of searching
for difficult information on the internet. During me doing the searching,
normally I will spend few hours or few days time to get the information I
wanted to support for my task. It is not easily to get the information but
sometimes when I decide the exactly what I want, where I most likely to find
the information I will get it easily. However, when I find the relevant
information for my topic, it is quite difficult for me to look for it. The search
process for me is difficult and easy. Constantly, I doing searching in internet
will find any differences between the resources or information in the library.
Every resource I found is not every resource can use for my task and I need to
spend some times to read for it whether can relevant to my task. Sometime I
face the problem in searching process I will feel frustrated because there is not
the information I want and I spend so much time in doing this searching.
Therefore, when I search in the keywords that will give me more information
that I want to look for and help me to complete the searching quickly. Last but
not least, on the searching process give me a lot of prompt to solving the
problems. Also surfing the net is random exploration, I must understand the
exactly what information I want to find and definite questions and answers.
 5. Summaries of literature
Design your own Summary Record Form/Worksheet. Using this form, write brief notes
about each of your documents (books, articles, web pages) that summarises its
content and highlights, for example, any important arguments, research or other
evidence and useful facts and figures or quotations. Note that it is acceptable to use a
small font (e.g. Ariel Narrow) on your form in order to keep the number of pages to a
minimum for this part. . [20 marks]
Key Journal
Summary 1

Our thesis is that consideration of motivation based individual

differences can resolve impasses concerning the convergent and
discriminate validity among different forms of commitment. Because
commitment is a motivational phenomenon—one that involves self-
regulatory processes like identification, internalization, and compliance
(O’Reilly & Chatman, 1986)— motivation-based individual differences
ought to be considered.

In this section we introduce our motivation based model of

commitment and provide theoretical and empirical evidence to support
its propositions. It should also be noted that our coverage of chronic
self identity levels and regulatory foci is limited primarily to work-related
targets such that commitment in work contexts is most likely to be
influenced when the sources of identification and regulation are work.

Journal article: COMMITMENT AND MOTIVATION AT WORK: THE

RELEVANCE OF EMPLOYEE IDENTITY AND REGULATORY FOCUS.

Summary 2

Recently the business environment has changed greatly. The

priority for upgrading service quality is to improve employees’ work
attitude. When employees are treated well by organizations, they are
willing to contribute to the organizations in return. However, Motivation
is regarded as the drive and persistence required to fulfil targets. It is
an important base to achieve planning, organizational and policy-making
skills, and learning and assessment in cognitive behaviours (Pintrich &
Schunk, 1996).

Moreover, work satisfaction Hoppock (1935) initially defined work

satisfaction as employees’ psychological, emotional, and physical
feelings as well as theirnatural reaction to their work environment.
Robbins (1992) described work satisfaction as employees’ overall
feelings and evaluation of work, including internal and external returns,
work attributes, and overall work satisfaction.

Journal article: THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION,

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT AND WORK ATTITUDES.
Summary 3

In order to perform a task well or to behave in a certain way, we

have to be motivated. Motivation in the workplace is affected by several
factors as each employee has his or her own individuality. Individuals
differ in their personal needs, attitudes, interests and values thereby
making it obvious that motivation might be recognized or appreciated
differently by each person. Therefore, when we talk about motivation,
we need to remember that we are talking about motivating individual
people who each bring a unique set of skills and other personal factors
with them to work every day. Motivation encourages people to develop
action plans to reach their goals, focuses people’s attention on the goals
relevant actions, causes people to exert the effort necessary to achieve
the goals, and spur people to persist in the face of obstacles.

Journal articles: EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION

Journal articles
Summary 4

Particularly in the hotel industry, where the work is labour

intensive and turnover is high, understanding hotel worker attitudes and
motivation has become an important issue for research. Communication
should be clear, consistent, correct, and complete to be effective
between employer and employee, and effective communication is vital
to understanding employee needs. Employee satisfaction with the
communication process could be a factor in the complex process of
motivation. Despite the importance of employee motivation in the hotel
industry, relatively little research has focused on hotel employee
motivation based on theoretical concepts. Most previous studies have
concentrated on identifying the factors motivating employees and
suggesting implications for further improving employee motivation.
Thus, satisfaction with the extent to which communication in the
organization motivates and stimulates employees to improve
performance is the moderator between expectancy and work
motivation.

Articles: An Expectancy Theory Model for Hotel Employee Motivation:

Examining the Moderating Role of Communication Satisfaction

Summary 5
 6. Mapping of topic area based on the literature
Produce a mapping of the topic, that is, a diagram that illustrates the major themes
and sub-themes (e.g. main ideas, issues, problems, or sub-topics) of your chosen
topic area and how they inter-relate. Indicate which documents relate to which
theme/sub-theme on your mapping. (N.B. a document may cover more than one
theme…). This mapping exercise is the final stage before you would write a review of
the literature on your topic. However, you are not required to produce a proper
literature review for this assessment. The mapping could be done using Microsoft
Word or it could be hand drawn, but note that the handwriting will have to be legible!
[20 marks]
Marksheet:
(Please submit this sheet with your work)

Student Name: _MEE TENG SING________________________

Student ID: ___51968________________________

Item Weighting Mark

1. Defining the topic 9

2. Preliminary identification of sources 15

3. Searching for information 26

4. Reflections on the search process 10

5. Summaries of literature 20

6. Mapping of topic area based on the 20

literature

Total mark 100%

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