MACSTEEL van= HIGH STRENGTH AND HARD WEARING STEEL SPECIALISTS. CatalogueThe MACSTEEL VRN Group of Companies. INTERNET Wee SITE; ww-umstoale9 2a HEAD OFFICE PO BOX 123813, Alrode, 1451 Fax: (011) 861-5353 Tel: (011) 864-5200 CONTACT NUMBERS FOR DIVISIONS: YN Merchanting 861-5200 YRN Stoo! Service Cenive 861-5200 VRN Stainless 866-3100 BRANCHES: Cape Town: (021) 386-6813 Durban: (031) 791-0115 East London: (043) 742-1583/4 Kathu’ (053) 723-2357 Klerksdorp: (018) 469-4282 Middelsburg: (013) 246-1907 Phalaborwa: (015) 781-5222 Port Elizabeth: (041) 463-3544 Proto (012) 803-2310 Richards Bay: (038) 751-1815 Rustenburg: (O14) 598-5042 Springok: (027) 718- 1984 Steelpoot: (013) 230-3288 Vaal: (016) 422777013 Witbank: (013) 699-9025/6/7 Welkom: (057) 396-1885, While every care is taken to ensure that information in this catalogue is accurate and up-to-date, MACSTEEL VRN can, accept no responsibly for any errors heroin. Stock sizes ‘are subject to change without notice. Printed January 2008 Rev. 010Contents ABRASION-RESISTANT STEELS Why use Profile Plants Uses for Quenched and Tempered Sicei Questions frequently asked ‘about High Strength and Hard Wearing Steels... ‘Chemical Composition Wear Resistant Stools VAN Bolts. isc ‘VIN 360/400 ‘What to consider in the selection of an abrasion resisting steel \VRN 500 Properties and Fabrication Charactetistes renner 6 VAN TeHard ‘Abrasion Flesistant Plate 8 CREUSABRO 8000 «sernenins ar Welding the Abrasion-Resistant Grade xine VAN 600 Overtay Plat RN 200 Properties and Fabrication Charactaristis 1... e STAUCTURAL STEELS. IO 0X enPROFILE CUTTING SERVICE wny use prorite PLANTS As part of the MACSTEEL VRN services, all metals can be accurately cut-lo-size and shape, using the latest computer contol. led profile cutting technology. ‘Many companies sil do their own profile cuting mainly because they do not ust sleel service centres, or because {hoy feel they are too expensive. Moreover, ing everything in-house, makes them feel masters of their own operation, NOT SO ‘professional eutig company, ike MACSTEEL VRN, ean cultand supply at 6.7% per cent cheaper than you can, Probably more. WHY 7], Since we ae posits, our scrap rai key + tobe lower than yours. Drop-outs and off-cuts which you cannot use, can be ullised by us on ether jobs. No rejects. Errors are our loss, not yours. You + pay for what you gel. No rejects in the serap bin \which you don’t know about 3, Baitaruso ot manpower Rater pu hose people «employed in the management and operation of the cutting machines to use in the business you specialise in, and leave the culling to us. With ihe same staf, you abtain (greater productivily 4 No losses through machine-failure, absenteeism ‘= of part-uilisation of facities. 5, Youcan convert factory snacorrosonlyorcupied by ‘+ culling machines and steal slocks to belter use by fabvicaling mace praduets you can sell. Possibly you do not hrave lo build that expensive dead capital extension to your ‘works, G, Seshis generate cc. hy up your cashin soe slooks and machines, when you can use it io finance more frished products or io reduce debt. The ticker you can turn over your woxkng capita the higher the profs Wen you use a steel service centre you only slarl paying when the cut sled is already in your yard Get whal you want when you want it, No need 10 «plan your production requirements 3:4 months ahead and then find you are short of steel. We will deliver your monthly or weekly requirement on time, every time. ‘Quality and service is our fivetinood. Without it we «don’t exist, that's why we have ta be the best ‘Thats good for you, A profile cutting centre should be regarded as an extension of your manufacturing operation, not as a supplier. An extension, moreover, for which you only pay when you need iN, ALtne end of the day we will help you simplify your business. Thal means higher productivity. We want to be your pariner to help you save time and make money. Questions frequently asked about High Strength and Hard Wearing Steels Q Can these steels be Welded? A. Yes. The carbon content is almost the same as ‘mild steel. Uso a low hydrogen rod. Itis far easior to weld than Bennox, (SS 10/200) which is a high carbon steel Q@_ Can these steels be drilled? A. Yes, you can dial the grado upto 400 Brine Koop a constant amaunt of pressure on the dil and do na stop-sta the dl as this wil harden the sieel even more and you could damage the bit. For sieels harder than 500 BH, other techniques are ‘equited for providing holes. Q. Can this steel be Flame Cut? A. Yes. You can use normal oxy-fuel cutting methods. ‘Thore are no special taehniques needed such as wilh Staintess steel where you need Plasma Arc. Q. What life can | expect? A. tna nose abrasive applicalon you can expect thotween 3-6 tines thie of mild stool and atleast double that of SS 101200 rom VN 360 VEN 00 may last tice as ong a: VRN 360, Q. What Savings are there? > RN 360 costs about 2. 1 times the price of mile sleet and if you get only 3 times the life you are already saving monay. Then there is the savings in making only 1 finer, ete., against 3, plus the added savings of downtime and better utlisation of labour. Q. What give these steels their hardness? ‘A. the relloc quenching and tempering process which retains werkabiliy. The low carbon and lot aloying ensure that welcing, cling and cutting are not really affected Q. How does the heat of Welding and Cutting effect the steel? A. The tempering temperature of the steel is around 400°C. Even if this temperature is exceeded, the affected zone is very limited (perhaps 6 mn) because of the dissipation of heat into the rest of the plate. There wil only be a drop in Brinell hardness of a few points unless extreme heat is used.Stool Brinoll_ | CHEMICAL COMPOSITION typo hardness | C | Mn) P | S | Si | B | Mo Cr | Nb) ov | Ti max, | max.| max. | max. | max. | max, | max. max, | max. | max. | max. Approx.200 | oor | 0.70/| 0.05 | 0.05 055 | 1.00 025 | 46 | 0.03 | 001 | 0,60 | 0.05] 075 | 13 | 080 360 mi 020 | 1.8 | 003 | 0.03 | 070 | 0005] 08 | 12 | 1.00] 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.04 wRN500 | 45min 035 | 1.8 | 0035] 0.03 | 070] 005] 08 | 08 | 100] 0.05 | 0.10 |o.02 VRN TiHad| Typical 450 | 0.35 | 16 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 055 | 0004 | 05 15 o10 los vrneoo | s70min 490 19 14 32 YRNT 680° | Approx.260 | 02 | 16 | o02| 001 | 05 | 005] 070 | 15 | 158 CREUSABRO| Typical470 | 028 | 16 | 0.015) 0.05 02 |oa | 16 8000 BUTTONS | Typicai7s0 | 30 | 15 | 01 |oa | on as | 10 | 70 ate — : bod * Structural Grade. For comparison only VRN BOLTS \VRN BOLTS are spacially designed bols for use with high hardness sleel ners. ‘The bolts are thraugh hardened up to 450 Brinell hardness in order to resist wear, ‘An outstanding feature of the bolts is the raised head which effectively plugs the bolt hole inthe finer thus preventing premature wear araund the hole, ‘Sizes available aro maz M16 M20 VRN BUTTONS eer’ CAF WASHERS. FLAT WASHERS NUTS (150 4032 GRA) CRMo — CASTING I 75 af ‘MILD STEEL BASE Gr-Mo (chromium motybdenuen) abraston resistant white icon castings are heat treated {o the required hardness and vacuum brazed ‘onto a mild sieel base for ease of welding,VRN 360/400 What to consider in the selection of an abrasion-resisting steel ‘Many considerations are involved in the selection of the proper grade of abrasion-rosisting steel. For example: the {ype of service, the type of matarial baing handled, the type of abrasion, and the economics of operation, Wear probloms can best be colvad by solecting a-grade for trial, shaping it into an experimental part and observing the wear rata. However, the following generally can be stated: 4s the hardness increases, the resistance ta abrasion increases. Excessive hardness, however, should be avoided $0 a8 not to cause problems in forming, erin premature failure owing to lack of impact strength, Sliding Abrasion In this type of abrasion, the surface is worn away by friction - ‘due to the sliding of the load.on the steel. Generally, HARDNESS is the most significant factor in controling the wear of stoel caused by sliding abrasion, sinca the resistance to the abrading parlcles penetrating the ‘metal dopands on the HARDNESS of the metal. Higher HARDNESS provides greater wear resistance in sliding: abrasion applications, such as frames, chutes, hoppars and earthmoving equipment. Impact Abrasion in this typo of abrasion, the surface is worn ava by goug- ing, spalling or cutting caused by the impact from heavy, hard materials, such as rock ‘The energy ofa suddon blow may crack or spall a bits mater. TOUGHNESS must be combined wilh HARONESS {oe such impact-abrasion appeatons as mine cas, primary chutes, wear plates, tamahel buokes, tuck body ners, and so on. Strength [Altough abrasion ositngstoals ave not sold to specie ‘strength levels, the following table, offered for general information purposes, shows the approximate fens slrongth forte various hardness lovels: Brinoll Approximate Hardness Tensile Strength Number MPa | sat 00 | 340 1170 360 1240 400 1380 Another Consideration - Fabricability When selecting a grado for a particular application, consid eration must be given te the fabricating characteristics of abrasion-resisting steels, as well as their hardnoss ane toughness. ‘As outlined in the following discussion, roller quenched and tempared abrasion-cesisting platos are praduced from tully killed, fine-grained steels. The balanced chemistry and heat treatment produce a more uniform product with higher hardness and improved service life when compared to as- ‘olled abrasion-resisting steels, ROLLER QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEEL Most Efficient Quench ‘The rollr-quanching facility produces the most efficient ‘quench possible. It exposes tho entre plate surtace to.a rapid high-volume, high-pressure quench, producing a uniform and offectively hardened plate - ideal fr abraston- resisting applications. Flatness Bacause of the hardness of these abrasion-resisting grades, itis not possible to produce plates with flatness equivalent 16 that obtained on the 680 MPa minimum yield strength {quenched and tempered) grados. Some distortion may also bbe expected when plates are cul, because the low tomper- Ing temperatures necessary da not remove residual internal stresses. Heat Treatment ‘The quonched and tempered abrasion resisting plate steels are: 4. Austenitized at approximately 900°C. 2. Roller quenched with water to produce the most effective and unitorm quench possible. ‘3. Tempered in the neighbourhood of 425°C to obtain the desired toughness. Cutting SHEARING - i high-capacity shears are avaliable and provided care is taken, abrasion-tesisting quenched and tempered plates can be sheared in thicknesses up to 25mm. ‘Shear capacity will be only about 40 per cent of he rating {or conventional structural as-olled plates. We do regard gas cutting, plasma cutting and laser cutting as the pre- ferred methods. GAS-CUTTING - Procedures used on conventional struc- tural grade steols are satisfactory. The flame-cut edges of plates are hardoned by the operation toa hardness of approximately 400 + rinel, but this is not dotrimental ‘unless cold forming is to be done. Machining ecause ofthe high hardness, machining operations aro ‘more dificult than on conventional structural grade steels However, normal machining operations can be performed by Using high-speed tool steels ithe cutting speeds are ‘reduced fo about 50 par cent of those used on convantional stuctural grade stecs. Punching Punching and blanking operations are net recommended for the abrasion-resisting steels. Bending and Forming ‘A.limited amount of catd forming or bending can be done on these abrasion-esising steels if proper precautions are taken, as follows: 1. Except for minor forming, itis essential to concition tho ‘lame-cut edges of plates belore forming to remove notches and iregulartes. Conditioning is most ‘conveniently dono by grinding. Also, i may be helpful to solten the edges by tempering with a torch, using tomperature-indicating crayans, to aveld exeeading 425°C. For sovere bending it may be necessary to completely remove the heat-alected area resulting from flame cutting. 2. generous forming radius should be used, preferably {our times the plate thickness or greater. 3. Major forming should be done transverse to the rolling direction, not parallel toi. 4. Abrasion-resisting grades have greater spring-back than conventional structural grade steels, and proper allowance must be made for this characteristic.VRN 500 asrasion RESISTANT STEEL PLATE \VRIN 500 is a quenched and tempered high-hardness alloy steel which has superior abrasion resistance, micro-clean- ress, and toughness. This steel is an advancement ‘on VAN 360 and VAIN 400 grades. ‘The superiaily of VAN 500 is due to desulpherisation and inclusion shape control characteristics, 1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (TYPICAL) ° mn Si P 8 095 1.80070. 0.095 0.08 (la) (Max) (Max) (Max) (Max) 2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. (Typical Values) 2.1 Hardness. The hardness range is as follows: 450 - 550 48.84 | 480-580 | Fig, 1 Hardness traverse on 25 mm VN 500 plate, Hardness 534 _ BHN % “a oo) a, (2 487, teri |_so Rockwall c 2.2 Tensile Strength. VAN 500 is produced to ‘meet specific rhinimum surlace hardness requirements and ‘ot tensile requirements, howover typical stress strain data is a8 follows: ‘onsite Strength 1.880 MPa max. Yield Strength 1.650 MPa max. Elongation (60 mm) 1406. R.A.atpointoffracture 35% 2.3 Charpy V. Notch Impact Resistance Tests. (Typical Value) 50-60 Joules at ambient temporature. 3.0 FABRICATION. 3.1 Cold Forming, Limited cold forming may be performed on VAN 500 Edge preparation by grinding Is advised. Flame cul edges should be tempered al 200°C max. prior to grinding the edgos i aifcult radi are to be encountered. Gr Mo v Ti B O42 0105 04 02 10.005 (Max) (Max) (Max) NB Major forming should be done transverse to the rolling direction and not paral! to it 3.2 Flame Cutting. Modorn fame cutting practice ay be employed, however itis advisable to pre-heat from 665 to 120 G immediately ahead of the torch. 3.3 Hot-working, VAN 500 is tempered at a ‘emperature of 200 -400-C and to ensure that fll hardness isrelained, the steel should therefore nol be hotworked at lomperatures exceeding 260 C 3.4 Drilling. Atemative attachment methods such as hole fabrication with oxy-fuel processes or stud weiding should be considered. Dring ofthis plate is difficult and costly 4, APPLICATIONS. ‘URN 500 stoa! plate is one of the hardest known roller ‘quenched and tempered plates. This stec! wil reduce ‘material handling costs to a minimum for earthmaving, ‘mining and other similar industries in which a combination of toughness and abrasion resistance is required. Wear plates for truck bodies, chute liners and storage-bin liners aro typical applications, When working with these steels, itis important that the fabricator is fully avare of their unique properties and understands the necessary changes that have lo be made to standard manulacluring procedures. See the section on. ‘welding the abrasion resistant steels in this catalogue.STANDARD STOCK LIST ptatesicRoFrPLaat VRN 400 12000 x 1800 x 6 mm 12000 x 2000 x 8 mm 12000 x 2400 x 10 mm 12000 x 2400 x 12 mm 12000 x 2400 x 16 mm 12000 x 2400 x 20 mm 12000 x 2400 x 25 mm 12000 x 2400 x 30 mm 8000 x 2400 x 32 mm 11000 x 2400 x 35 mm VRN TI-HARD 9600 x 2400 x 40 mm 12000 x 2400 x 6 mm 7600 x 2400 x 50 mm 12000 x 2400 x10 mm 6200 x 2400 x 60 mm 12000 x 2400 x 12 mm $700 x 2400 x 65 mm 12000 x 2400 x 16 mm 5200 x 2400 x 70 mm 12000 x 2400 x 20 mm 4800 x 2400 x 75 mm 42000 x 2400 x 25 mm 4500 x 2400 x 80 mm 12000 x 2400 x 32 mm 3600 x 2400 x 90 mm 8000 x 2400 x 38 mm 4000 x 2400 x100 mm 8000 x 2400 x 50mm VRN 500 CREUSABRO 8000 12000 x 2400 x 6 mm 8000 x 2500 x 6 mm 12000 x 2400 x 8 mm 8000 x 2500 x 10 mm 12000 x 2400 x 10 mm 8000 x 2500 x 12 mm 12000 x 2400 x 12 mm 8000 x 2500 x 16 mm 12000 x 2400 x 16 mm 8000 x 2500 x 20 mm 12000 x 2400 x 20 mm 8000 x 2500 x 25 mm 12000 x 2400 x 25 mm 8000 x 2500 x 32 mm 12000 x 2400 x 32 mm 8000 x 2500 x 38 mm 12000 x 2400 x 38 mm 8000 x 2500 x 50mm 8000 x 2400 x 50.mm NB. IN ADDITION TO THE STANDARD SIZE PLATES WE DO HAVE A VARIETY OF PLATE SIZES IN THE ABOVE THICKNESSESVRN Ti-HARD asrasion RESISTANT PLATE ‘The superior wear resistance is as a result of the ‘additional unitorm dispersion of high hardness Titanium Carbide paricles throughaut the steel. This results in a steel of 450BHN which has an abrasion resistance over 1.5, times greater than convantional SOOBHN grades, with the ‘added advantages of improved workabilly of 450BHN plate, 1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION % (TYPICAL) c si Mn Pp 0.29 095 07 0.007 s 002 cr Mo wT B 0.98 0.26 oa2 0.001 2, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. (Typical Values) 2.1. VN Ti-Hard is not produced to meet specific ‘mechanical requirements. However, typical values will bo as follows for 25,0mm thick plate: Tensile Strength 0,2% Proof Stress °% Elongation (50mm) 1.470 MPa 1.280 MPa tose | 2.2 HARDNESS ‘Typical hardness values will be as follows: BHN 461 HRC 485 VN 491 2.3 Charpy V Notch Impact Tests 20-20 Joules at °C 3. FABRICATION 3.1 Cold Forming. aithough Ti-Hard has excellent through thickness hardness, the steel stil has a high degree of toughness, the folowing bending radii are suggested: Transverse: Longitudinal {Greater than ot Greater than 10T 3.2 Hot Working. The stec! obtains its properties. through controled heat treatment and should therefore not ‘be hol worked at temperatures exceading 300°C. 3.3 Flame Cutting, ti-Hard may be reasily cut Using any of the conventional culling methods such as oxy- ‘uel, plasma or laser. 3.4 Weldability. T-Hard is readily weldable using any of tho usual arc welding processes. Low hydrogen procedures and low tensile strength consumables should be Used. Welding consumables and procedures are the samo as for all other VAN grades of wear resistant steels. Refer to "Welding the abrasion resistant grades" in this VAN brochure. 4. GENERAL \VRN Ti-Hard derives its exceptional wear resistance due to the addition of titanium to the molten steel. On solidification titanium carbide particles are formed and disperse unitarmly throughout the plat. ‘Vickers Hardness scale illustrating tho relationship between titanium carbide and other carbides. CARBIDE TYPE & HARDNESS. _] Material HV | Diamond 9000 Titanium 3200 Vanadium 2400 Tungsten 2000 Chromium 1800 | Won ro40CREUSABRO 8000 intended for service in particularly severe mining and earthmoving applications. This stee! sr matorials. ‘A wear and impact resistant ste ‘exhibits outstanding wear characlerslics when compared to conventional CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%) c Mn Ni cr Mo s P 0.280 1.60 040 4.60 0.20 0.005 0.015 (mex) (max) (approx) (max) (min) (max) max) DESCRIPTION Wear resistance: ‘The CREUSABRO concept - excellent work hardening abiily combined with the deliberate addition of wear resistant ‘microcarbides. The steal work hardens due to the TRIP effect. (Transformation induced through Plasticity). This combination of Properties gives GREUSABRO 8000 exceptional wear and impact resistance combined with outstanding properties thraughou! the thickness. Controlled as delivered hardness range: ‘Minimum 450BHN, typically 470BHN High toughness and impact resistance: CVN (L) at -20°C:>40 Jiem® (23,8 f-Lbs) Typical value al-20°G: S5dfemy (32 fv-Lbs) Tensile strength - typical values at 20°C- Ulimatetonsite senth = 1 630 MPa (235 ksi) Yield strength 1,250 MPa (180 ksi) Elongation (Sd) = 12% APPLICATIONS: GREUSABRO 6000 is intended for applications requiring extreme resistance to wear nd impact in all mining, earthmoving and materials handling environments. Cold forming Bending: inside cadhs > 6T Wich of Vbloek> 40T Roling: inside chamoter > 40T (where T = plate thickness) Welding CREUSABRO 8000 may be welded using any of the standard welding processes. The use of low hydrogen consumables is important. Refer to tho section on "Welding the abrasion resistant grades” inthis catalogue.Welding the abrasion-resistant grades (VRN 360/400/500, Ti-Hard, Greusabro 8000) All of the wear and abrasion-resistant grades supplied by MACSTEEL VRN are readily weldable by any of the ‘common welding processes, using appropriate procedures, ‘Consumables with a lower yield and tensile strength than ‘the base metal are recommended. Low hydrogen S.M.AW ‘electrodes ar the gas metal arc (MIG) process are suggested. ‘S.MA.W. electrodes conforming to AWS. AS, 1, E 7015, E 7016, € 7018 or G.M.AW. wire conforming to AWS AS, 18, ER 70S - 6 should be used. ‘WELDING RECOMMENDATIONS The two main objectives when welding abrasion resisting steels should be: = to prevent cracking = tominimize the softening in the heat-atfected zone caused by the tempering action of the welding heat, 4. Hydrogen level ‘This can be kept low by using a low-hydrogen process, ‘such as gas-metal-arc, or ensuring that the coating of ‘manual metal-arc electrodes or the flux used for submerged-are welding is thoroughly dry. (refer to maker's instructions), Further, the plate must be dry and free from cil and grease before welding is commenced Always ensure that the filler metal has a low hydrogen content (HD<5ml/100g), 2. Microstructure This concerns the formation of hard martensite in the heat- affected zone (HAZ) owing to a too rapid rate of cooling caused by & low welding heat input, This is counteracted by specifying minimum preheat lovels and also minimum heat input levels, as shown in the table. These values ensure a sutficiently slow rate of cooling of the weld to produce a satisfactory microstructure, Combined thickness Minimum (up to and preheat temperature including) (ce) | 6mm 20 | 42mm | 50 25 mm | 100 32 mm | 125, 100. mm 475, 3. SOFTENING OF HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE Since the hardness is imparted to the plate by a ‘quenching process, this hardness will be destroyed by subsequent heating. Itis, of course, impossible to avoid a certain amount of retempering, i.e. softening, but this can be minimized by limiting the heat input to a predetermined maximum value. For the purpose of this note, a drop in hardness to about 270 Brinell Hardness (28 Rockwell C) has been allowed, Whereby the maximum heat input values can be exceeded if a softer HAZ can be tolerated, eg. in hidden comers, Ititis considered essential to provide abrasion resistance in the weld bead itself, it is desirable first to deposit soft sleel beads and apply wear-resistant beads at the surfaces only. 4. Preheat Preheat is necessary in order to prevent the formation of a hard, brittle microstructuce in the heat-affected zone and to allow any diffusable hydrogen to escape from the weld and HAZ. The recommendations as laid out in EN1011 should be applied while taking into consideration the higher hardness and strength of these steals, 5. Stress reliving ‘Stress roliaving should not be cartied out on the wear- and-abrasion-resistant grades, Stress-roliovi temperatures are generally above the tempering temperature af the steel! and will result in softening. ‘When welding the abrasion-resistant grades to other grades of steel, contact the Technical Department at MACSTEEL VRN for information Minimum Maximum* heat input heat input «kdymm) (kJimm) 06 14 44 19 24 | 23 | 23 28 | 23 32 * Can be exceeded if wider softer heat-affected zone can be tolerated 10,VRN 600 overtay pLate \VRINGOO is an iron-chromium-carbide alloy which has beon fused onto a mild steel backing plate. The ultra-hard chromium carbide particles are suspended in a hard, tough ‘matrix, a combination which offers optimum abrasion sistance. The mild steol backing material allows VAN 600 to be rolled, bent, formed and fabricated into a mutitude of abrasion-resistant applications. Appearance During the overlay process, the stresses present due to ‘expansion and contraction are relieved by cracking of tho hhard surtace deposit. Crack frequencies of more than one Crack por 25 mm are desirable and indicat that there Is no ‘simultaneous cracking away of the hard layer from the miki sieel base, Wear Life Data obtained from in-service tests indicate that VAN 600 ‘overlay piate wil substantially outlast conventional liner "matevials in high abrasion, medium impact and high tem- perature applications, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS. Minimum hardness. S505.H.N. Average 8.6. 79 Backing plate Structural steel Standard bead width of overlay 28 mm. ‘Overy thickness 3,2mm- 10 mm Backing plato thickness ‘Smm- 20 mm ‘Maximum operating temperature 680°C (sustained) Plate size (Max) 2-900 mm x 2-200 mm Fabricating RIN 600 may be cut, formed and rolled toa variety of shapes and configurations, Cutting Plasma arc cutting is eecommendad. Welding Backing plate can be welded wilh standard carbon stool ‘electrodes. Rolling Minium Roling Radius (internal) 20 x material hekness Minimum Foling Radius (external) 50 x material thickness TYPICAL APPLICATIONS. Power Fan Blades and liners, Classifier cones, Ash removal conveyors. Chute Paper & Pulp Fan blades and lines, Oyclone linars, Bark chutes, chipper Hood liners, Belt Conveyor transter bins, Screw Conveyors, Tube turns, Transmission Sections. Dredging Pump Shells, Impellers, Trunnion elbows, Distibution Troughs, Rock Boxes, Orag Heads, Side liners, Ball joints, Reducors, Flap Valves. Cement linker Chutes, Hopper liners, Fan Blades and liners, Dust sections, Vibration Screen Decks, Air separator wear plates, [Impact crusher liners, Grinding Ring Segments. Refinery Inlet cones, Flapper plates, Lift Belts, Patch Plates. Mining Truck Bed Wear Protective Systems, Shavel and Bucket Wear Protection Systoms. Vibrating Scraon Decks, Chuto liners, Fan blades, Hoppe ines, trunnion iners, Wear caps, Vibrating pans, Main Frame Crusher Liners. Steel Chute and Hopper liners, Fan blades and linors, Main Ram ‘support shoes, Septum valves, Small bell and bell seats, Bucket liners, Reclaimar Buckets, Skip car plates, Scroll and cheek plates, Table wear plates, Screen Deck plates, Flapper Gates, Grizzly Bars, Plough Blades, Boll-loss Fureace Distribution Chutes, Methods of attachment ‘VAN 600 clad base material can be welded with a standard carbon steal electrode; heat treatment is not required. Common methods of welded attachmant ate peripheral edge welds and plug welds. Alternate methods of altach- ‘ment include countersunk sivds and countersunk bolts,VRN 200 VAN 200 is a high-carbon steel which is suitable for hard wearing applications which are not sufficiently severe to warrant more sophisticated steels, This material ig used for liner plates and scraper blades, preferably fited by criling ‘and bolting NOMINAL ANALYSIS 0.4% - 0,559 C, 0,794 - 1,0% Mn, 0,15% - 0.85% SI TYPICAL HARDNESS ‘Approx. 200 BHN. (Not measured or guaranteed) FLAME CUTTING May be cut with pre-heating recommended for thicker sections, WELDABILITY RN 200 is a dificult stool to weld due to its high carbon equivalent. Welding should be used for joining purposes only and is not recommended under high sires conditions. Hydrogen controlled electrodes should be used with a minimum preheat of 250°C. For austenitic electrodes, use a minimum preheat of 150°C. Cooling rates after welding ‘should be controled. SHEARING ‘VRN 200 can be sheared in thicknesses up to 25 mm, [provided sufficient power is available. Cutting edges must bbe sharp and clearances set correctly. PUNCHING ‘VRIN 200 up to 12 mm can be punched provided tools are sharp and clearances are set correcly STANDARD STOCK LIST ptatesicrorpLaat AVAILABLE IN THICKNESSES FROM 6mm TO 50mm IN SIZES 2400 x 1200 4000 x 2400 6000 x 2400 8000 x 2400 12000 x 2400 (6 - 25mm) 12,STRUCTURAL STEELS Structural Steels Chemical Compasiion anne BS 4360 GRADES SOCIEN 10025 S355LC. SUPRAFORM TM 380 ‘Mechanical Properties... VRN T690 Fabrication wenrarnwn Mechanical Properties. WEIN nnn Heat input schedule for all grades. PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS ......00000 Chemical Composition The following weldable structural steols conforming to rational and international specifications, are available from VEN steel, All these grades are readily weldable by means of the usual are welding processes. When welding thicker sections, reference should be made to BS 5135: 1974 “Metal-are welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels", fo establish possible pre-heat requirements. Carbon ‘equivaient (C.E.) values should be calculated from the. ‘chemical composition values as recorded on the test centfcates, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (MAX) MATERIAL ec }|m]si| s | eP cu | Ni | Nb] v/ B BS 4360 GRADE 434 0.25] 16 | 05 | o05|oo5| - | - apt eee SANS 1431 MAX 0.4 GRADE 300WA 0.22] 16 oor} - | - : - |IF COMBINED} - BS 4360 - 0.0031] 0,003, GR50C /EN 10025 s3s5so_ | 0.22] 16 | 05 | 0.05 | 005 | - - | - forfor] - SUPRAFORM 0.03, TM 380 0.10 | 12 | @yp) {0.020 }o.020] - | - | - = [0.015 . RN 690 o2 | 16 | 05 |o01|oo2| 15 |o70} - | 15] - - }<0,005 TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 7 7 Tensile Min. Yioid % Elong Impact MATERIAL, 6 (mm) | Strength (MPa) | Strength (MPa)| in 200 mm (Min) | Strength J (Min) BS 4360 5-150 430 ~ 580 225 - 275 20 Not specified GRADE 430 _ {Depends on Mewes) ormeasured _ SANS 1431 8-150 450 - 620 270-300 20 ‘Not specitiog! GRADE 300WA (Deport on Mines) ‘or measured BS 4360 5-250 490 - 680 275-355 8 27 @O'e GR 50C / EN 10025 $355J0 (Oe an Tens) ‘SUPRAFORM. 4-10 450 380 - 460 22 Not specified TM 360 min VRN 6-150 760 -895 690 18 (in50mm) | 60 @-S0"C (L) 7690 50 @ «50°C (T) 14STANDARD STOCK LIST prartes/crorPLaat PLATES - GROFPLAAT BS 4360 - 434, SANS 1434 - 300WA Nominal Size. Nominal Size Nominal Size Nominal Size ‘Millimetres: Millimetres Millimetres: Millimetres: | 10000 x 2400 x 5 10000 x 2400 x 16 10000 x 2400 x 40 4000 x 2400 x 100 | 6000 x 2400 x 6 6000 x 2400 x 20 6000 x 2400 x 45 4000 x 2000 x 135 10000 x 2400 x 6 10000 x 2400 x 20 10000 x 2400 x 46 4000 x 2000 x 150 ‘oes wm culm eno cnet ‘nm {no tty oh sae yaa | Simin wimit | mo om = cut ames a | 10000 x 2400 x 35 2400 x 1200 x 75 | 6000 x 2400 x 85BS4360 Grades 50C EN 10025 S355JO ‘These steats fille gap between the lawer strength (s00WAla3A) Structural steels and the ullrashigh yield structural steels, eg VRN T690. These steels are supplied in the normalised condition (508 < 12,5mm as-ralled) and are silicon killed in ‘order to improve the stect cleanliness, and to ensure fine grain slructures. Test cerliicates are supplied with each consignment. Welding As with lower grades of mild steel, procedure is dependent ‘on the Carbon content as reflected on each Test Certificate. For more comprehensive information in this respect B.S. 535 should be roerred to. Cold Forming These stels canbe formed at oom temperature provided adequate power is available and the correct process tmployed A werking 20% uprting on mid steel require. ‘menis'srecommentied making se ol the following inside fads forming tolerances. 2itfor right angle forming (to roling direction) for forming in pale (voting ciection) Thickness Range 12000 x 2400 x 5mm 12000 x 2400 x 6mm 12000 x 2400 x 8mm 12000 x 2400 x 40mm 12000 x 2400 x 42mm 12000 x 2400 x 16mm 12000 x 2400 x 20mm 12000 x 2400 x 25mm 8000 x 2400 x 30mm 8000 x 2400 x 32mm 8000 x 2400 x 40mm 7000 x 2400 x 45mm 7000 x 2400 x 50mm 4000 x 2400 x GOmm 4000 x 2400 x 65mm 4000 x 2400 x 70mm. 4000 x 2400 x 75mm 4000 x 2400 x 80mm 6000 x 2000 x 90mm 6000 x 2000 x 100mm 4000 x 2400 x 125mm 4200 x 2000 x 150mm 16, A tial run may be necessary in order fo determine the springback allowance for close tolerance work. Punching, Drilling, Shearing and Machining Equipment shoutd be regulated to allow forthe: 20% in- crease in strength as opposed to that of conventional mild steels. Highspeed sleel or Carbide tooling is recom- mended, speeds should be reduced by approximately 20% and a good lubricantcoolant will increase tao! fife. When punching or shearing, a clearance of approximalcly 3% should be alowed for the shear angle. Cutting Conventional Flame cuting equipment can be used without resorting 0 pre- o postiveating operations. Applications Mine fans, earth moving buckets, trailers and large road Vehicles, dil igs, cranes, excavators, underground mining ‘equipment bridges and other high strength components requiring superior toughness. Dual Certification Auhough the steel is duel certified to BS 4360 GR 50C/ EN 10025 $355J0, i also meets the requirements of SANS 1431 GR 350WiCsupra Form TM 380 High-strength low-alloy (H.S.L.A.) steels have been com- ‘mercially available for some lime nov. However, they have suffered from the disadvantage that they are gonerally available in thicker sections, need special precautions when being welded and, because of thoi high slrengih, are more dificult to form. MACSTEEL. VRN novr stock SUPRAFORM TM 380, a stee! ‘which overcomes the above limitations TM 360is a H.SLL.A. steel, has a minimum yield steenglh of 380 MPa and, because of the low carban content, typically 0.06%; has excellent weldabiity when using any of the standard arc or resistance processes, without the need to take any special precautions. Severe forming can reach be ‘carried out an TM 380 duo to its superior focmabilily, thus further increasing the stools versaiity ‘With the nea for higher yet stronger structures, ellactive ‘mass savings can be achieved without the penalty of ‘educed overall strength by selecting a steel which has a ‘combination of higher tensile and yield strengths and reduced thickness. ‘Typical applications for TM 380 are body and chassis ‘components for tipper trucks, lumper brackets, engine ‘mounting brackets, crane jis and booms, tallers, mining equipment, rolling stock, cold formed sections, ete. STANDARD STOCK LIST SUPRAFORM - TM 380 A500 x 1250 x 4mm T3900 4000 x 1250 x 5mm TM 380 4600 x 1800 x 6mm TM 380 4600 x 1365 x 8mm TM 380 ” ‘Typical chemical composition % (ladle analysis) suprarorn | | in| si No a1ad0 Tus 1908 | 939] 008 0013 TH380 905 | 035] 08 2.015 rae 907 | n25| 0.08 0.028 alae 008 | 115] 0.08 0039 THs00° 2 s)5 1) Avaitability on application any - - 7 Mechanical proportios [supnaronm | Tensie | Yield | Elongation min {12° Beg GRADE —— | suongt | stengh |gauge eng $0 mm| — est (rand Pa (nin)| wpa | ve39 | x>90 | aa) rasan oo |owum! 2 | a | os rst 300 so |senuéo| ao | 22 | ost rnaa0 wo Jaisto| ig | an | os 460 so jasnseo| se | 2 | tor Tet 00° seo [soneqo |. | NOTE: Tense tst to BS 18 pat 2or9, Rend test BS 1630 1) Avatabty on appeaton onyVRN T690 FABRICATION Cold forming VAN T690 steel plates can be readily formed or bent at ambient temperature i adequate power is available and oper procedures are used. Generally, the power requred {o tm VAN 1690 wl bo threo times tal required fot low Strength structural stool. Tho spingback afta! forming is also considerably greater han on low strongth structural steel and due allowance must be made. A trial run may be necessary to determina the spiingback allowance tr tose folorance work, The suggested minimum inside radu for forming VIN T690 too pate lo gen below: Plate thicknoss (T) nm Minimum inside Ri Upto 25mm, inclusive ‘Above 25 t0 50 mm, inclusive 31 (Transverse) AT (Transverse) ‘The following precautions should be taken for bending operations: 4, Use the largest radius permissible, 21. Major bends should be made on a line which is pporpendicular tothe length ofthe plate (roling direc tion) i possible. 3. The outside radius should not be restrained. Closed die forming may require doubling the suggested radi to avoid breakage. 4, For press brake forming, the lower die span should be at least 16 times the plate thickness. ff design requirements will not permit this, the bend should be started with an Upper die of larger radius. 5, The minimum tensile requirements (780 to 930 MPa) should be waived whenever severe forming is antici pated. This will enable us to produce the lowest possible yield strength consistent with the speciticat 6. Sharp notches on the edges of plates resulting trom shear breaks of torch culting may require removal by Qrindng er machining to prevent cracking during severe forming 7. Roll forming of cylindtical sections should be preceded by crimping of the butt edges. 8, Extremely severe forming should be done after heating the plate fo 540/595°C. 9, Deep scratches or gouges on the outside radius may cause cracking on severe bends. This condition may be corrected by grinding out or butting the scratches. Shearing VAN 600 steel plate can be cold shoared upto and including 25 mm thickness if the capacities ofthe shear and the shear knives are adequate. A shear capable of cutting 36 mm low strength srucurl steal fs required to shear 2 mmm plato of VAN T690 steel. The capaciy of smaller shoars ‘Should be down raed in proporion, Je. the capacity is ‘docrazsod abaut 38 percent when VEN T690 Ts sheared. 18. The clearance an the shear knives should be tess than the conventional § per cent of plate thickness, usually about 2 per cent. A compromise clearance to accommodate all plates from 6 mm to 25 mm in thickness would be about 0,4 mm. Knives should be kapt sharp to avoid ragged edges. Punching Holes may be punched in VIN T690 plates up to and. including 12 mm in thickness as long as the hole diameter is greater than the plate thickness. Punch and die clearance Should be close, as described for shearing, and the tools should be kept sharp. Greater thicknesses can be punched; however excessive punch wear may result. Machining \VRIN 790 ste plates can be machined with conventional fequpmont using either high spaod stot or cabige toot. BBacause ofthe selatively high hardness of VAN T690 ston! fas compared to carbon stuctural ste, the cuting spaed= Should bo about 30 percent les inorder to oblan reason blo too if. A coolant should always be used if avaiable as an aid o too lif, When extensive machin ‘on torch cut edges, it may be found essent edges. This ear be done by tempering the oni pl only the edges, ina temperatura range of approxima 540° to 595°C. If a furnace is not available, the edges can be softened with a torch as long as precautions are taken to avoid exceeding a temperature of 595°C. Torch cutting \VRN'690 stoo plate can be cut wth conventional oxygon- fuel gas equipment without the necessiy of preheating or poctheating, employing tho same practices Used for soft carbon steels. Stack cutting of plates, however, should be Avoided because of excessive heal inpus required As with any structural steel, he smoothness of the cut is alflociod by scala ont sutace of the patos Piasmarjet torch cuting fs suggested wherever avalible ‘and is advantageous because ol the high cuing speed, the Smoothness ofthe cut, and th shallow heat atlected zone produced. On muttipte cuts, balanced torch settings will help avoid Gstorion Applications RN T690 is very high strength structural ste and can resultin greater load carrying capacities and lighter situc- {ures when used in place of conventional structural steels. Uses include: =» Earthmoving equipment ‘Dump vucks Tralers Mobile cranes 2 Diiling rigs > High speed tans 2 BigsSTANDARD STOCK LIST ptatesiarorpLaat VN 7680 isa roller quenched and tempered alloy stect designed to provide an excellent combination of high strength (690 MPa minimum yield strength), toughness, abrasion resistance, and weldabily. This improvement in physical properties of VAN T690 is obtained through increased alloy content which results in increased hardenability MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | Minimum yiaid strength at 0,2% offset (MPa) 690 Tensile strength (MPa) 780-200 ‘Mininum elongation in 50 mm (%) 18 ‘Minimum reduction of area (2%) 40", 50" Beinell hardness, typical 235/293, Toughness properties may be specttiad: * A deduction a 1.25 pe cnt may bo mad for eae docroase of 0.8mm ot spectied pate icknds ord 8m, up a maxim degusian ot ar oe $Fiful-sacion tat specimens are uoed 40 por con applies. I a standard, machined run apebanans bane 20 por con apples VRN T690 6000 x 1300 x 3mm 6000 x 13900 x 4mm 12000 x 1800 x 6mm 12000 x 2400 x 8mm 12000 x 2400 x 10mm 12000 x 2400 x 12mm 42000 x 2400 x 16mm 12000 x 2400 x 20mm 12000 x 2400 x 25mm 12000 x 2400 x 30mm 8000 x 2400 x 32mm 9600 x 2400 x 40mm 7600 x 2400 x 50mm 6200 x 2400 x 60mm 5700 x 2400 x 65mm 4900 x 2400 x 75mm 4500 x 2400 x 80mm 6000 x 2400 x 90mm 6000 x 2400 x 100mm 4000 x 2100 x 125mm 400 x 2400 x 150mm i9.VRN T690 WELDING General ‘The VAN 7690 ow ally grades of steel were developed to be easily weldable. High strength in structural steeks may be achieved either by addition of alloying elements or by thermal treatment, as with the VAN T680 steels. They are: quenched and tempored and contain a miimum of alloying laments which render them easily weldable, Most of tho well known fusion welding processes may bo ‘employed on VAN T8890 steel. Fusion welding involves depositing molten weld metal in order to achieve a joint. The ‘chemical analysis and the cooling rate of the weld metal ean be controlled, However, the region directly adjacent to the weld on either side, known as the heat-atfected zone (HAZ), ‘experiences a thermal cycle, ranging from unalfected parent plate fo near melting atthe fusion boundary. Sinee the chemical analysis of the parent material is unalterablo, Important to take care of the thermal cycle of the HAZ. When welding VAN T6590 plate a number of general factors have to be borne in mind, The main source of concern in ‘welding those steo's is hydrogen induced cold cracking. By minimising the sources of hydrogen and by avoiding the ‘formation of a crack sensitive microstructure and also by keeping stresses below certain limits, hydrogen induced ‘eracking can be avoidad. In addition, for full strength bbuttwelds a suitable welding consumable must be sola Sources of hydrogen Dit, grease, paint, moisture, rust, etc, on te plates 0 bo ‘welded should bo postively romoved! The welding consumables should be of approved quality and shouldbe clean and dry, during both storage and tsago,Diferent welding processes have diferent ineront hyaogon potentials, When welding vith th processes of highest hysrogen potential, preator care is required than ‘welding with processes of lower hydrogen potential. Avoidance of crack sensitive microstructure, ‘The microstructure in the HAZ is determined by the stael composition as well as the local cooling rate, ‘A knowledge of the steel composition is therefore essential for proper selection of welding paramaters. The use of the Carbon Equivalent formula gives an indication of the degree of care required, “The CE of VRN 690 ranges botwoen 0,97 and 0,54. In ‘order to avoid a crack-sensitive microstructure, a suitable cooling rate in the HAZ must be maintained after wolding. Generally this involves using pre-healing and controlled values of heat input during welding. The particular values of pre-heat and heal input depend upon a number of factors Dut average values are quoted below in Table 1. Heat input can be calculated trom the formula. 1. Welding vows (V) xwelging curent (Amps) jy 1000 x welding speed mm/sec “mm CE= c+ Mn yCr+Mo+¥ ,Ni + Gu & 5 se It should be emphasized that the valuas of pre-heat anc heat input quoted in Table 1 are average values. Factors ‘such as restraint, welding position, edge preparation, service conditions (type of load), etc., may infiuence the particular values selected, Welding stresses ‘in general i may be stated that jints of igh restraint need more care when welding than joints of low restraint This is of particular importance when using a high-steength filler material in order to achieve a ful strength join The molton weld metal contracts upon cooling it fro0 to do £0, causing distortion, of eating welding rosidval stresses of yield point magnitude if ree contraction is hampered. Values of high residual sress are conducive o distortion during subsequent machining operations and cracking inthe weld or HAZ during and after welding. Welded structures should be designed for welding in erder to minimise the Volume of weld metal which should be deposited in tho shortest possible time fo effect tho graatost economy. ‘Summarsing, it may be stated that VAN T690 is a weldable {quenched and tampered steel which may be suecesstully ‘welded with the common fusion welding processes provided Certain precautions are taken. The level of hydrogen inthe ‘doposited wold metal should be kept to a minimum, the cooling rate must be slow enough to aveld the formation of crack-sensitive microstructures in tho HAZ but not so slow that excessive grain growth occurs. Pro-heating and control led valves of heat-input aro theretare required Welding consumables The American Welding Sociaty Classification AWS EXXXX |s a Very practical and uselul system, British and South ‘African equivalents may be found in 8S EN 499 and SABS 455 respectively. Fer practical reasons, only the AWS, Classification groups are quoted here. Matching strength consumables are suggested for welding VEN 1890 although lower strength consumables can be used. Consumables should conform to one of the following specifications: S.M.A.W.: A.W.S. AB.S, E 9018 or E 11018; GMAW. AWS, A5.28, ER 905 or ER 1005‘SUITABLE CONSUMABLES FOR WELDING VAN T690 Heat input schedule for all grades MINIMUM HEAT SUPPLIER | SMAW(MMA) | GMAW (MIG CO,) PLATE | COMBINED | MINIMUM | INPUT VALUES THICKNESS | THICKNESS" |PRE-HEAT°G| — kllmm AFROX Superwold 118 | Transare 6048 — “| + 20 38 ESAB 0K 75.75 30. 35 40. 35 EuTecTic EUs 110 =e 49 50 FEDGAS Griduct 17, 60 50 — 80 80 ‘OERLIKON ‘AmmoorLH | Acros Arc 110 - — + L. ibis ashe chal 60 50 ROCKWELD | Ductilent 110 Mekay 117 30 80. 120 190 100 80 28-40 50 180 100 25-40 | 2 125 28-40 Table 1. Values of pre-heat and heat input for various plate thicknesses. * the combined thickness of a joints the total thickness (mm) of the plates meeting atthe jant ine. Heat input schedule Stress relieving itis generaly felt that stress reliving of welded joints isnot ‘acessaty, Stress reloving fr prolonged pariods of time at folatvely high temperatures, can cause metallurgical changes which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the stool. The table shows that #2 mm VAN T690 does not seem to be susceptibie to these metallurgical changes. Howevar, itis suggested that stress raleving at about 600°C bs limited to a maximum periad of 2.4 minutes por milimetre of thicss. Longr periods of exposure would be permiss} ble at lower temperatures. Ertecto! prolonged exposure ding sessetet on mechani Cal propets: 12mm ite VIN TES0 ] 0.2% | Tensile | Elonga-| Reduc-) proot|atengty ton in | ton ‘Stross-rotiet (SR) stress 50 mm | in area| (ma)| (mPay| % | % Quonched andtempered| 783 | 821 | 223 | 676 SR thourat 98°C | 762] sos | 223 | 677 SABhours at536 °C | 7o7 | sat | 230 | 67.2 SA 24 hours at 598°C | 770 | gat | 229 | 65.9 SR 10Ohours at538°C) 790 | 836 | 224 | 66s SR thourat 93°C | 765| 814 | 225 | 66.9 SRBhoursats93°C | 760 | 808 | 230 | 652 SR24 hours ats93°C | 70| B14 | 220 | 659 SR 100hows atsea°c| 711 | 769 | 222 | 65.9 VAN T690 to other grades of steel, contact the Technical Department at VRN for information. 21PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (MAX) MATERIAL Ce si s | Pp BS 1501-161 GRADE 430A | 025 | 61.4 | 0.10.95 | 0.03 | 0.03 ‘ASTM ASIG GRADE Gs70 | 081 | 0.8/1.2 | o-si04 | 004 | 0.035 Nominal |, Tensile Yield |G Elong MATERIAL Thickness(mm) | Strengih(taPa) | Strength (MPa) | In 200 mim (Min) BS. 1501-161 5.75 490-550 220-260 2 GRADE 430A ASTM AIS 6-50 490-620 260 (hn) 7 GRADE 65/70 Steels as specitied in B.S. 1501 may be used for pressure vessels designed and built tothe Briish code B.S. §500. - B.S. 1501 - 161 Grade 4304 is carbon Steal, available in thicknasses up to 150 mm. Plates Up to and including 40 mm are supplied as rolled, lunlass requested by the customer to be normalised, Plates over 40 mm thick are supplied normalised, This stoo! is generally used for lower temperature Service. Typo 161 is manutactured employing a vacuum degassing process. This reduces the sulphur Content to below 0,01% and improves the cleanliness ASTM A516 Grade 65/70 ASTM 516 i the standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel for Moderata and Lower- temperature Service’, where improved notch tough ‘ness is important and calls for a silicon killed stee! ‘made to a fine grain practice by adding aluminium. Plates up to and including 38 mm thick may be supplied as-rolled but may be ordered normalised. Plates thicker then 38 mm as well as plates on Which notch toughness tests are required, must be normalised. Grade 516 isa fine grain steel. of the steel. ULTRASONIC TESTING ‘Allthe above pressure vessel plates in thickness0s 20 mm and greater are ultrasonically tested to B.S. 5896: 1993 Appendix D in B.S. 1501 shows the yield trength or proof Grade 8 1 a8 a standard quali siress values of the respective grades al olovated tempera: (ures. These values may be used for design purposes, bul if confitmation of the strength at a particular temperature is. required, a hot tensile test at the: designated temperature must be stipulated, 22, ‘control procedure,STANDARD STOCK LIST ptatesiaRorpLaat BOILER PLATE/KETEL PLAAT PLATES/GROFPLAAT BS 1501 - 161 GRADE 430A ASTM A 516 GRADE 65/70N 10000 x 2400 x Smm 13000 x 2500 x 6mm 10000 x 2400 = 6mm 13000 x 2500 x &mm 0000 x 2400 x 8mm 12000 x 2500 x 10mm 40000 x 2400 x 10mm 13000 x 2500 x 12mm 10000 x 2400 x 12mm 13000 x 2500 x 16mm 10000 x 2400 x 16mm 43000 x 2500 x 20mm 10000 x 2400 x 20mm 13000 x 2500 x 25mm 10000 x 2400 x 25mm 10000 x 2400 x 30mm 10000 x 2400 x 32mm go0o x 2400 x 40mm g000 x 2400 x 45mm 6000 x 2400 x 50mm 6000 x 2400 x 60mm 6000 x 2400 x 65mm 6000 x 2400 x 70mm 4000 x 2400 x 75mm 23,Application Suggestions FOR HEAVY DUTY ABRASION-RESISTING/SHOCK LOADING COMBINATION Battle Plates LHD Buckets Mixer Blades Bang Boards (ff Skip Untoading Chutes. Mold Board (for Dozers) Brick Reliners Ore Bin Conveyor Chutes Scrapers Brick and Tie Dios. Ore Chutes ‘Shaft Bin Chutes Brick Dies and Reliners Pedestal & Journal Box Liners ‘Shot Blast Plates Bucket Lips Pug Mil Knives Shovel Buckets Bulldozer Blades & Mold Boards Pug Mil Lining Plates Skid Conveyors Coal Sereens Pulp Wood Chutes Skip Car Plates Concrate Mixer Spiral Strips Quarry and Mine Skips Sluice Pipas Conveyor Buckets ‘Quarry-Truck Liners Spouts Dredge Buckets: Reiners Stee! Mil Equipment Dredge Pipe Reliners Rollers Stono Chutes Dredge Pumps Roto Plates Trallar Bottoms Dump Truck Bods ‘Sand Blast Plates Truck Bottoms Fan Blades ‘Sand Chutes Underground Loading Pockets, Feed Grinding Mils Race Bars Woar Plates Foundry Shakeout Machines (Chain Drag Skid Bars Wheelabrator Parts Fresno Bottoms ‘Wear Strips on Paving Machines Mine Digger Teeth Gravol Chutes Roliner Bars for Crushers Trenching Machine Teeth Gravel Screens “Twuck Bod Stripping Bars Tongs Conveyor Plates Fan Housing Reliners Scarier Teeth Diesel Locomotive Wear Plates ‘Snow Plough Shoes ‘Shovel Bucket Wear Bars Dragiine Sips Street Sweoper Shoes Chute Liner Strips Dragine Buckets and Strips (Bottams and Hoppers Chute Sides Sides, Heels and Shrouds) Liner Plates ‘Asphalt Dryer Wear Sips Lips on Buckets Log Conveyors