Presenting Opinions and Viewpoints in an SEO-Optimized Manner

Presenting Your Opinion:
In my opinion: In my opinion, both the government and citizens of a country should

come forward and fight the corruption.
I think: I think, students at the university level should not be forced to attend the class.
In my view: In my view, mothers have more intimate relationships with their children and
that is why they should spend more time with them.
I believe: This is undoubtedly a very good solution but I believe, there are better solutions
than that.
I admit: I admit that we now have a busy life but that does not mean that we should not find
time to take part in community programmes that are aimed to make our community a better
place to live in.
Agree/ Disagree:
I agree: I agree with the notion that students should take a year gap for travelling or working
before they graduate.
I concur: I concur with the opinion that specifically supports restricting the car ownership
as a measure to kerb the air pollution.
I disagree: I disagree with the viewpoint that women leadership ensures world peace.
I cannot agree: I cannot agree that increasing the fuel price would be a viable solution
to restrict the vehicles on the road.
I oppose the idea: I oppose the idea that people attend a college or a university only
to get a job.
I cannot accept: I cannot accept the fact that tourism alone is responsible for the loss
of native culture and tradition.
Giving Examples:
To cite an example: To cite an example, I started learning a second language at my
primary school and that did not increase my study pressure at all.
For example: For example, most of the companies want their employees to enhance
their skills so that they can better perform over the time.
For instance: For instance, many developing countries are trying to improve their GDP
through their export activities.
Namely: Namely, Australia and Canada have many charity organisations which work
exactly for this cause.
To illustrate: To illustrate, universities, these days, offer a wide range of subjects than
they used to do in the past.
One clear example: One clear example would be my sister who, despite her
graduation in mathematics, works as a journalist in a daily newspaper.
In other words: In other words, fathers should share these responsibilities and let
mothers enjoy some leisure hours. [N.B. Use this expression (i.e. in other
words) to express or point something in a different way, to make it
easier, clear and to emphasise.]
To give an example: To give an example, modern household appliances and
kitchenware have made the cooking process easier and faster.
Listing Points:
First/ Firstly/ To begin with:

First, public transportations are cheap and can carry many passengers at a time.
Firstly, increasing the fuel price would affect the daily budget of all citizens.
To begin with, old people has paid taxes and worked for the country for their whole life.
Second/ Secondly:
Second(ly), we do not have to worry about parking, garage, traffic rule violation and fuel cost
when we do not own a car.
Third(ly)... Fourth(ly):
Third(ly), smoking does not have a single benefit but a pile of disadvantages.
Fourth(ly), ever increasing population is a reason for increased house rent, competitive job
market and pollution.
Lastly/ Finally/ Last but not least:

Lastly, the rail is one of the safest transportation systems that can carry a huge number of
passengers at a time.
Finally, parents spend more time with their children than a teacher does.
Last but not least, countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal prove that violence and
crime can be in a peak even under the woman leadership.
Reasons and Causes:
Since: Since the developing countries have adopted technology in their agriculture sector,
their yearly productions have increased significantly.
Because: Another group of people attend a night school because they work at the day
time.
As: As mothers mostly stay home, they have a greater responsibility in upbringing children.
Due to: Due to the widespread corruption in these less developed countries, the fund
should be directly handled and utilised by the authority of the developed countries.
Owing to: (means because of/ on account of).

The new factory would have many negative effects and would destroy the serenity of our
community owing to its location in the middle of our area.
Adding Information:
Additionally: Additionally, computer games are addictive and can waste a large portion
of the valuable time of a school-going child.
Moreover: Moreover, young people have better technological knowledge than the older
generation.
In addition: In addition to that, fast food contains the fat, preservative, and other harmful
ingredients which are very detrimental to our health.
Furthermore: Furthermore, helping developing countries in terms of providing education
facilities, can strengthen the relationship between two countries.
And: And the negative impacts of establishing a large factory in our community would trigger
other adverse consequences which would be hard to tackle in the long run.
Not only... but also: Not only deforestation damages the natural habitats of many
species but also is the main reason for global warming.
Also: Also, cities provide better job opportunities and a better-living standard.
As well as: Too much dependency on technological devices as well as the internet would
bring catastrophic consequences once something goes wrong.
Results and Consequences:
As a result: As a result, lessons learned from our experiences have better effects in our
life.
Hence: Hence, I completely disagree that the factory would be a good place for new jobs for
the community people.
So: So, owning a private car would offer someone the freedom that he usually does not have
without it.
Therefore: Therefore, television is the most popular media for entertainment in most of the
countries in the world.
Thus: Thus, overreliance on technology can bring the dreadful events in the upcoming
future.
Consequently: Consequently, we remember such gifts and revere the good wishes that
were conveyed through those gifts.
For this reason: For this reason, I would like to own a private car than always relying
on the public transportations.
To Indicate Time:
Subsequently: Subsequently, the increasing population in the city areas are the main
reason there are so many unemployed people in these cities.
Eventually: Eventually, the cost of medical health care would increase day by day and
mass people would find it hard to get proper medical facilities.
Meanwhile: Meanwhile, a single international language would reduce the language

barrier among the people of different countries to a great extent.
Henceforth: (Meaning - Hereafter, hence, subsequently, from now on.)

Henceforth, the government should increase its budget and manpower for fighting the
corruption.
Initially: Initially, it can be supported by the government but in the long run, it should be
people who should spontaneously support this cause both verbally and financially.
Highlighting & Emphasising:
Especially: This step would be advantageous for people, especially for rural people, as it
would increase the job opportunities in rural areas.
Clearly: Clearly, this law is a violation of people's privacy and that is why this law needs
amendments.
Obviously: Obviously, automation in government sectors would reduce the corruption to a

great extent.
Specifically: Corruptions in government sectors, specifically in countries like India and

Bangladesh, is another hindrance in the overall progress.
Of course: Of course, the government has a responsibility to support those older people.
But that does not mean that children of such senior citizens are free from their own
responsibilities towards their aged parents.
In particular: In particular, there is almost no university in such underdeveloped areas

and a large number of students, due to this, move to the city areas each year.
Presenting Contrast:
Despite: Despite its immense benefits, we should be wary of its usages in our daily life.
In spite of: In spite of a remarkable progress in recent years, women are still suffering
from social discriminations in many developing countries.
By contrast: By contrast, knowledge gained from travelling and from real life experiences
has a greater impact on our future course of actions in life.
Alternatively: Alternatively, the government can impose laws to control the market price
of most essential commodities.
Another opinion could be: Another option could be restricting the number of
children a family can have.
On the other hand: On the other hand, owning a car is expensive as it requires
parking, fuel, servicing, maintaining and yearly renewal costs.
Still: Still, strictly controlling the number of children a family can have is not a feasible
solution.
However: However, many destitute families rely on the earning those young children bring
to the family.
Although: Although implementing this would require a huge sum of money, this, in my
opinion, is the most optimal solution.
Even though: Even though their arguments are somewhat convincing to listen to, in
reality, the scenario is quite the opposite.
But: But, the investment in trade and finance alone does not guarantee a steady growth of
the GDP for this country.
Presenting Comparison:
In comparison: In comparison to the past century, people these days do not have a
strong family tie.
Admittedly: Admittedly, severe punishments set examples to other people temporarily

but it lacks any long term effect.
Similarly: Similarly, capital punishment is brutal and fail to establish a bridge between the
social unrest and reformation.
Likewise: Likewise, technological advancement creates new job opportunities both in

developing and developed countries.
In the same way: In the same way, increasing the tax would not be a viable solution to
address this issue.
Linking Words for Conclusion:
To sum up: To sum up, it is up to us to judge the authenticity of a news. But the
journalists also have a professional and moral obligation to present us the truth.
In conclusion: In conclusion, we should strictly monitor the type of programmes our

children watch each day.
To conclude: To conclude, university admission should be merit-based, not gender-

based.
To draw the conclusion: To draw the conclusion, this is our world and we have to
save it. Uncontrolled use of natural resources would endanger our very existence and that is
why we should be much sensible of their usages.
Vocabulary for better writing
Last Updated: Tuesday, 06 March 2018 12:22
Written by IELTS Mentor
Hits: 17331
Using the same word or phrase several times in your IELTS writing gives a poor impression of
your vocabulary and skill in writing. Being able to use a rich set of vocabulary, on the contrary,
conveys a good impression to your examiner. This article lists down some frequently used
words and phrases that you will often use in your IELTS test.
We aim to provide you with some alternative words of a root word so that you can use them in
your writing. This is also helpful for enriching your vocabulary and overall writing. Keep in mind
that you must use those words sensibly depending on the context of the writing. Do not use
them without understanding the context as it might change the meaning of the sentences you
write.
» And: In addition to, besides, additionally, likewise, plus, furthermore, moreover, next,
additionally.
» Or: Else, otherwise, alternatively, instead, as a substitute.

» But: On the other hand, then again, on the contrary, in contrast, however, then again, in
spite of that, nonetheless, instead, even so, alternatively.
» Because: Given that, as, since, for the reason that.

» Hence: Thus, so, likewise, therefore, consequently, that is why, for this reason, above
and beyond.
» Then: Next, after that, it follows that, followed by, subsequently, afterward/afterwards,
therefore.
» In fact: As a matter of fact, actually, in reality, essentially, in truth, indeed, in effect, in

operation.
» Begin: Start, initiate, commence, originate, create, instigate, activate, launch, open.
» Conclude: To sum up, wrap up, deduce, to draw a conclusion.
» Exemplify: Illustrate, demonstrate, represent, embody, epitomise, show.
» Agree: Consent, approve, concur, harmonise, be in accord, endorse, support, back up.
» Disagree: Deny, refute, reject, repudiate, renounce, abjure, contradict, disapprove,
oppose.
» Rise: Increase, grow, go up, mount, ascend, upsurge, spread, intensify, develop, climb,
get higher.
» Arise: Develop, evolve, happen, occur, take place, appear.

» Decline: Reject, decrease, diminish, refuse, minimise, fall, lessen, turn down.
» Vary: Differ, fluctuate, diverge, show a discrepancy, change, alter, contrast.
» Do: Carry out, accomplish, perform, act, take action, take steps, play a part, execute, act
upon, produce a result.
» Utilize: Make use of, draw on, benefit from, amplify, take advantages of, make the most
of, capitalise on, maximise.
» Achieve: Accomplish, attain, complete, bring out, get, reach, do.

» Fail: Be unsuccessful, abort, end, terminate.
» Compete: Rivalry, antagonism, contest, fight, battle, resist, thrash about, retaliate,
brawl, stand up for.
» Help: Aid, assist, support, lend a hand, abet.

» Need: Demand, want, require, necessitate, requirement, requisite, fundamental,
destitution.
» Good: Fine, superior, excellent, decent, high quality, first class, moral, upright, noble,
worthy, pleasant, delightful, advantageous, useful, fair, benefit.
» Bad: Terrible, awful, dreadful, ghastly, evil, wicked, poor, inferior, flawed, troublesome,
mischievous, regretful, guilty, injurious, harmful, adverse, rotten, rancid.
» Beautiful: Lovely, pretty, gorgeous, splendid, magnificent, attractive, good-looking,

attractive, charming, exquisite, cute, appealing, nice looking, sweet, elegant, striking, stunning,
dazzling, grand, superb, wonderful, astounding, superb, fabulous.
Use better words instead of using 'very' over and over again:
We sometimes use the word 'very' in our writing and nothing is wrong with that. However, using
it frequently makes your writing banal and shows your lack of using proper vocabulary. Here is a
list of words that you can use instead of using 'very'.
very rich - wealthy, affluent.

very poor - destitute, impoverished.
very simple - basic, primary.
very often - frequently, regularly.
very shy - timid, withdrawn.
very noisy - deafening.
very old - ancient.
very short - brief, concise.
very sad - sorrowful, grieved.
very old-fashioned - archaic.
very serious - grave.
very sharp - keen, well-honed.
very shiny - gleaming.
very open - transparent, translucent.
very scary - chilling.
very scared - petrified, terrified.
very painful - excruciating, agonizing.
very rainy - pouring.
very pale - ashen.
very perfect - flawless, impeccable.
very powerful - compelling.
very pretty - beautiful.
very quick - rapid.
very quiet - hushed.
Better choice of words:
» Instead of using “actually”, you can use – As a matter of fact, Indeed,

Absolutely, Certainly, In reality, In fact.
» Instead of using “amazing”, you can use – Astonishing, Incredible,
Marvelous, Wonderful, Stunning, Fabulous.
» Instead of using “interesting”, you can use – Engaging, Intriguing,
Alluring, Amusing, Captivating, Compelling, Enchanting,
Gripping.
» Instead of using “awesome”, you can use – Splendid, Remarkable,
Impressive, Extraordinary, awe-inspiring, Fantastic,
Magnificent, Mind-blowing.
» Instead of using “great”, you can use – Astounding, Incredible,
Phenomenal, Exemplary, Fantastic, Legendary,
Incomparable.
» Instead of using “beautiful”, you can use – Elegant, Glamorous,
Stunning, Striking, Exquisite, Lovely, Gorgeous.
ocabulary for Academic IELTS Writing Task 2 (part 1)
Last Updated: Monday, 05 March 2018 21:26
Written by IELTS Mentor
Hits: 75493
Essay Writing Vocabulary Index:

| Part 2 | Part 3 |
IELTS Writing Task 2 (IELTS Essay Writing) requires a candidate to use a wide range of
vocabulary. Connective words and phrases are very important to finish the writing task 2 in a
logical and coherent way. You must use the transitional or connective words in your writing task
2 as it is considered as one of the important factors for a high band score. The essay writing for
IELTS requires you to present convincing arguments, reasoning, examples, and point of view.
To make your essay impressive and to show pieces of evidence or examples in a coherent and
logical way, you have to use these connective words. However, do not overuse the linking
phrases or connective phrases just to show that you know so many of them. Use those
connective phrases/words or linking phrases/words properly.
The general format for writing academic writing task 2/ IELTS Essay is as follows:
Introduction + your opinion/ your thinking/ your point of view/ whether you agree or disagree/
main advantages or disadvantages +
2nd paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +
3rd paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +
4th paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +
.................
.................
Conclusion + restating the main point of your discussion/ your position on the issue.
Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:
In the introduction part of your IELTS essay, you should write sentences relevant to the topic
given and generally accepted ideas about it. Use your best English here as it will attract or bore
your reader about the whole writing. You will make or break your impression in this paragraph.
Be very cautious about the introduction part. Never just copy the sentence of the question. If
you really need to, use synonyms and different sentence structure.
Examples:
1) Mobile phone and the Internet are two great innovation of science for communication and had
been facilitating people for a long time. These two technologies are widely used in almost all the
countries of the world and had become a part of our daily lives. We can't deny the usefulness of
these technologies as they had made our life easier than it was ever before. In my opinion, the
advantages of these two devices far outweigh the demerits they have.
2) Every human being with an ambition of getting higher knowledge requires attending colleges
or universities. The main reason for attending universities or colleges may differ man to man.
Someone may aspire to achieve greater knowledge, someone may just want to earn a
certificate or someone might attribute it as a step towards career development.
3) Compared with people in the past, we concern far less on the preparation of food today,
thanks to the development of agriculture and scientific technology. A fair amount of beneficial
influence is occurring to us consequently.
Useful vocabulary/phrases to open/start the essay:
Many/some people claim/opine/believe that...

There is no denying that...
It is often said that...
These days.../ Nowadays.../ In this day and age...
It goes without saying that...
It is universally accepted that...
We live in an age when many of us are...
People are divided in their opinion regarding...
.... is one of the most important issues...
Whether .... or .... is a controversial issue...
Useful vocabulary/phrases to end the Introduction part:
Let us examine both views before reaching a concrete decision.

The following paragraphs discuss whether ...... or ...... and reach a reasonable conclusion.
The following essay takes a look at both sides of the argument.
My two cents go for...
However, I strongly believe that...
I oppose the view and my reasons will be explained in the following paragraphs.
I will support this view with arguments in the following paragraphs.
I personally believe that...
Thus the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages...
I wholeheartedly believe that this trend should be changed.
Vocabulary for the opinion part:

According to the essay types (Learn what are the IELTS essay types) use one of the following
connective words/ linking phrases to write down your opinion However remember that if the
question does not ask you to give your opinion but to compare advantages and disadvantages,
then you should not strongly express your opinion. Opinion should only be written for opinion
essays.
In my opinion...
I strongly opine that...
I strongly agree with the idea that...
I strongly disagree with the given topic...
I think...
My opinion is that...
Personally speaking...
In my view...
I believe...
Apparently...
Personally speaking...
According to me...
From my point of view... (Not 'In my point of view')
As far as I am concerned...
From my perspective...
I realise...
To my way of thinking...
It seems to me that...
To me...
To my mind...
My own view on the matter is...
It appears that...
I feel that...
I understand...
I suppose...
Examples:
1) But in my opinion, giving access to a mobile phone & the internet to each and every
unemployed person is a matter of great dispute. I believe, this idea can help the countries who
have sufficient funds for the whole fiscal year and already adopted technologies like the internet
for a very long period. But this might turn out a complete loss for an undeveloped country.
2) I believe parents are always teaching us in many ways intentionally and unintentionally;
however, the contributions teachers have in our learning process cannot be ignored.
3) I strongly agree with the idea that the gender issue is only a determinant in the battle of the
sexes, not the battles among nations and peoples. It is therefore impertinent, if not irrational, to
conclude that world conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and the finer sex would
do a better job at prevailing peace if selectively put at the helm of human nations.
Vocabulary for the 2nd paragraph Part:

It is true that...
First...
First of all...
Firstly...
First and foremost...
Initially...
To begin with...
To start with...
Let us take a look at...
It is worth considering...
In the first place...
Though it is true that...
Some people believe that...
Many people think that...
According to many...
Some people believe that...
Many support the view that...
On the one hand...
Examples:
1) It is true that an unemployed educated person with a mobile phone and the internet
connection can get more access to the local and foreign job sectors and can use these
technologies to get a job or become self-employed.
2) First of all, the maximum number of cars are owned by the rich people and fuel price would
not restrain them from using the cars. The price of fuel, in fact, increased significantly over the
past 12 years and that has done nothing to reduce the car usage.
3) To begin, houses that are being constructed by those in the lower income groups do look at
the most cost-effective option. In this process, they invariably explore cheaper options that
include a compromise on material and construction quality.
Vocabulary for the 3rd, 4th ...... paragraph Part:

Second(ly)... (Not 'Second of all')
Third(ly)...
Then...
Next...
After that...
And...
Again...
Also...
Besides...
Likewise...
In addition...
Consequently...
What’s more...
Furthermore...
Moreover...
Other people think that...
Other people believe that...
On the other hand...
Apart from that...
Finally...
Last but not the least...
Examples:
1) Besides, unemployed persons living in urban areas; can easily get the information related to
the job-offering companies with these technologies................ Furthermore, the use of these
technologies give them advantages than others.......
2) Besides, people would learn more about the outer space as the experiment and scientific
research in outer space is going on more steadily than ever.
3) Apart from that, computers would become more powerful and they will have superior artificial
intelligence. We will have robots to do the hazardous works like mining and outer space
research. Surprisingly, e-commerce would be in more convenient form and most of the people
will purchase online rather than going to shops in person.
Vocabulary to show the comparison:

In the same way...
Likewise...
Similarly...
Like the previous point...
Similar to...
Also...
At the same time...
Just as...
Examples:
1) Similarly, all the companies and offices are becoming automated and using computers, the
internet and other technologies vastly than any other time in history.......
2) At the same time software could be used for many purposes such as learning through
computers, accounting in computers, drawing, storage of information, sending information from
one person to other persons etc.
3) Also reading books is like peeking into the minds of the greatest people - A book is like a
conversation with the writer and reading many books gives us an insight into the thinking
process of different writers.
Vocabulary to show contrast:

On the contrary...
However...
Nevertheless.../ Nonetheless...
But...
Nonetheless/ Nevertheless...
Oppositely...
Alternatively...
Unlike...
While...
Whilst...
Although...
Though...
Even though...
Despite... / In spite of...
In spite of the fact that...
Alternatively...
In contrast to this...
Then again...
Despite the fact that...
Even so...
Yet...
Meanwhile...
Examples:
1) On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of sufficient budgets to ensure some very
basic needs of people like health, education, medicines etc. Then again, those countries don't
have a chance to spend a lot of money to initiate a superficial project........
2) Unlike a TV, a radio cannot display an image or a video, and the communication is limited to
voice only. Typically, a radio is used for access information such as news and live traffic
updates.........
3) In contrast to this, the consumption of fuels to run the car is contributing to the rise if global
warming and affecting the ozone layer. So, using bicycles in cities would be a better
alternative.........
Vocabulary to show an example:

As an example...
For instance...
For example...
Like...
As...
Among others...
Such as...
Particularly...
Regarding...
In particular...
Namely...
With respect to...
As far .... is concerned...
To show an example...
To give an example...
To cite an example...
As an evidence...
To illustrate...
To paraphrase...
An example is...
...could be a good/ideal example here
A case...
When it comes to...
Examples:
1) For instance, there is no guaranty that all unemployed person will use the technology
positively........
2) As an example, many governments of the first world countries have initiated other projects
like:.........
3) For example, if a public bus gets busted in the middle of a road, the passenger can easily
leave it a look for another one.
Always use a comma (,) after 'For example', 'for instance' etc.
Vocabulary to present an idea:

Research shows that...
Research has found that...
When it comes to...
With respect to...
Not only... but also...
In terms of...
Examples:
1) Research shows that employment opportunity and crime ratio in a city has a deep underlying
relationship and that is why...
2) When it comes to deciding who should be responsible to teach children the discipline...
3) With respect to mix-school classrooms, it is quite evident that...
Phrases to introduce more ideas/ examples:

Furthermore...
In addition...
On top of that...
Besides...
What is more...
Another point worth noting is...
Another factor to consider is...
Furthermore...
Not only .... but also...
Also...
Examples:
1) On top of that, rich countries emit more CO2 than rest of the world does and this is why they
have greater responsibilities.
2) Another point worth noting is the number of TV channels we have these days.
3) What is more, leaders are born not made.

Vocabulary to show consequence, effects or result:
As a result...
Consequently...
As a consequent...
As an effect...
Thus...
So...
The reason why...
Therefore...
On account of...
Because of...
Hence...
Eventually...
For this/that reason...
Thereby...
Due to...
Owing to...
Examples:
1) Therefore, we should avoid using our budget in an uncertain project........
2) As a result, people are struggling much to lead a healthy and secure life.........
3) Consequently, local residents will be able to find more job opportunities in this factory and
have a better socio-economic status.........
Vocabulary to show result & reason:

As a result...
As a result of...
Due to...
One reason behind this is...
... has led to/ ... has resulted in...
Consequently...
Therefore...
Examples:
1) The overuse of natural resources has already resulted in the scarcity of such valuable
resources that we can not do without...
2) This has led to a moral degradation and we are at a tough time to look back much behind.
3) One reason behind this is the negligence of individuals who are already suffering from minor
health-related issues.
Vocabulary to sum up at the end of a paragraph:

To sum up...
In short...
In a word...
To put it simply...
That is to say...
To repeat in short....
To summarise...
Examples:
1) In a word, I think, the idea can be very useful for the developing countries but for us, it might
be sinister...
2) That is to say, we must ensure the safety of our children first.........
3) In short, overall infrastructure of the area will develop.
N.B. The above vocabulary is specifically useful while finishing a

paragraph. You can use these words/ phrases to re-state your
topic of the paragraph.
Vocabulary to make a point stronger/ Adding emphasis:
It goes without saying that...
Obviously...
Needless to say...
There is little doubt that...
Although...
Thought...
Nonetheless...
Nevertheless...
Still...
Yet...
Must.... After
After all...
Even if...
Therefore...
Thus.....
Examples:
1) Although, Parents are important teachers in our lives and none can deny their invaluable role
to make us what we are, but they aren't always the best teachers.......
2) Thus air and water pollution caused by this factory will ruin the local environment and wildlife
fundamentally.........
3) Although industrialisation is necessary for the growth of a country it must be regulated. The
proper measures must be in place to reduce the negative impacts of byproducts on the
environment.
Vocabulary for clarifying or rephrasing:

To put it simply...
To put in another way...
That is to say...
In other words...
Examples:
1) To put in another way, nuclear power has a great potential to provide power requirement of
the industries all around the world.
2) In other words, fathers have a great role to play when it comes to upbringing children in a
proper way.
3) To put it simply, co-education can bring advantages that far outweigh the demerits it has.
Other transitional words/connective words:

Then...
Else...
Otherwise...
Besides...
As soon as...
As much as.....
Examples:
1) They take care of the children as much as parents do ..................
2) As soon as we realise the problem ..................
3) Otherwise, the unemployed graduates' number will keep on increasing ..................
Some correct and incorrect expressions:

Correct Incorrect
In my opinion… From my opinion…
From my point of view... In my point of view…
Second/ Secondly… Second of all
On the other hand… On the other hand
Last but not the least… Last but not least…
In conclusion/ To conclude... In a nutshell.
Vocabulary for the conclusion part:

In conclusion...
In summary...
To conclude...
To conclude with...
To sum up...
In general...
To summarise...
In short...
All in all...
Overall...
On the whole...
To draw the conclusion...
In a nutshell...
To elucidate...('To elucidate' means - 'make something clear' or 'to explain'.)
All things considered...
By and large...
Taking everything into consideration...
Taking everything into account...
Weighing up both sides of the argument...
(Useful Tip: Avoid using 'In a nutshell' as it is not formal. Use 'In conclusion/ to
conclude' instead.)
Examples:
1) In general, even though it is preferable to study English in an English-speaking country, a
reasonable level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if a student is gifted and
dedicated to studying.
2) To sum up, if the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in
poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will become increasingly difficult.
3) To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is to educate
young people about the dangers of drug use and to take steps to reduce the pressure of
competition placed upon them.
4) In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has positive uses but is nonetheless dangerous.
However, it would have been better if it had never been used to create nuclear weapons. If life
on Earth is to continue, all the nuclear nations of the world should agree to disarm as soon as
possible.
N.B. The conclusion part of the IELTS Essay or IELTS Academic writing task 2 usually begins
with a special concluding phrase that links it to the rest of the essay. Notice that a conditional
sentence can be very effective in the conclusion. One reason for this is that it can refer to what
might occur as a result of your suggestions or recommendations. Of course, you can use
conditional sentences elsewhere in your essay as well. If you do use conditionals, be sure that
the construction of your sentences is grammatically correct.
Also, in a short essay of approximately 250 words the conclusion can be just one or two
sentences long. The conclusion should briefly sum up what you have said in your essay and
does not usually contribute a new idea unless it is a minor point. However, it is a good place to
make recommendations or suggestions or to give advice and offer solutions, if you are asked to
do so.
The chart below shows estimated world illiteracy rates by region and by gender for the year
2000.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the

information below.
»You should write at least 150 words.
Estimated World illiteracy rates, by region and gender, 2000.
Model Answer 1:
The bar chart compares the ratio of uneducated population, divided by sex, in six regions of the
world in 2000. Overall, illiteracy rates were the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, Arab countries
and South Asia and close to zero in developed nations. However, there were more illiterate
women than men in all regions.
Men and women, unable to read or write, made up only 1% and 2% in developed countries. In
comparison, the proportions of illiterate citizens in Latin America and the Caribbean were
higher, 10% and 11%. In East Asia and Oceania, however, the gap was enormous; there were
20% illiterate females compared to 8% males.
As regards the other regions, Sub-Saharan Africa had much greater proportions of the
unschooled population, 48% women and 30% men. A similar proportion was seen in Arab
states, where illiteracy rates were 53% and 28% respectively for females and males. It is
noticeable that more than half of their females and one-quarter males never received any formal
education. However, South Asia stood out as having the worst illiteracy figures for both sexes;
55% females versus 34% males.
The graph below shows information on employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.
Summarise the information by choosing and describe the
main idea, and make comparisons where appropriate.
» Write at least 150 words.
Employment Rates by Country, 1995-2005
Model Answer 1:
The supplied bar graph compares the employment rates between men and female in 6 different
countries for the years 1995 and 2005. As is observed from the given data, the employment rate
among men was higher than that of females in all of the given six countries and the overall
employment conditions in Iceland, Switzerland was comparatively better than the other four
countries.
As is given in the diagram, initially in 1995, more than 65% males were employed in Switzerland
and in Iceland while in other four countries this rate was less than 60%. After a decade, the
male employment percentage reached over 70% except in Australia. On the contrary, in 1995,
the female employment rate was over 50% only in Switzerland and for the rest of the countries,
this was from 28% to 58%. This quota also improved over the 10 years, and in 2005, female
employee rate reached to almost 70% in Switzerland and for the rest of the countries, it was
50%.
In summary, the male had a better employment record than the female and in 10 years the
employment opportunity for both male and female increased.
The figure shows the results of a survey of 1000 adolescents in five different countries. The
participants were asked at what age they believed certain rights and responsibilities should be
granted to young people.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the

main feature.
» You should write at least 150 words.
Sample Answer 1:
The provided column graph summarises the result of a study and indicates what people in five
different countries think to be the appropriate age to be allowed to have certain rights and
responsibilities. Generally speaking, citizens’ opinion regarding the right age for marriage, voting
and prosecution for crime greatly varies.
As is given in the illustration, people in Japan and the UK opine that they should not marry until
they are at least 20 years old while Americans believe that this age should be exactly 18. On the
contrary, Mexicans and Egyptians agreed that they should be allowed to get married just after
they cross 15. In terms of the voting power, Japanese state that 20 years is the right age for
them while Americans and Egyptians express it should be 18. Both British and Mexicans want
their voting right at 16 years, on the contrary.
Finally, American people give their opinion that someone should be charged by the law for
committing any crime when they become 12 years old. Japanese seems like have a different
opinion as they believe that someone should not be imposed with criminal offence until they turn
18 years. Survey participants in other three countries expressed that before 14 they should not
be punished by law for any misdeed.
The table below shows the figures (in thousand) for imprisonment in five countries between
1930 and 1980.
Write a report for a university, lecturer describing the

information shown below.

Figures (in thousand) for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.
Sample Answer 1:
The bar graph shows the number of detainees in five countries - Britain, Australia, New
Zealand, US and Canada between 1930 and 1980. Overall, Canada had the highest number of
prisoners in 1930 while Great Britain had the least, but after 50 years, the number of prisoners
decreased in Canada and the United States had the highest prisoners.
Initially, in 1930, Canada had 120 thousand prisoners and that was the highest number of
inmates among the five countries. There were 100 thousand prisoners both in the US and New
Zealand. Again, Australia had around 70 thousand prisoners and Great Britain had only 30
thousand prisoners and that was the lowest. After a decade, prisoners’ number in Britain
remained almost the same while the number decreased in Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
But this year the total number of prisoners increased in the US by 30 thousand and reached to
130 thousand. In 1950, the prisoners’ number increased in Britain and slightly decreased in
Australia and New Zealand. On the other hand, the prisoner in Canada increased and got
highest among the five countries and decreased in the US. A similar trend in terms of prisoner
numbers in these countries could be observed after a decade. Finally, in 1980, the prisoners’
number in these countries increased except in Australia. The US had the highest number of
prisoners in this year and Great Britain, Canada and New Zealand had more than 80 thousand
prisoners in this year.
In summary, over the 50 years period, the crime and imprisonment number got worse in US and
Britain while Australia, Canada and New Zealand did some progress. In 1980, Australia had the
least number of prisoners which indicate their improvement in law and order.
The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one
European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.

information below.

» You should not spend more than 20 minutes on this task.
Sample Answer 1:
The diagram delineates the type of transportations citizens of a European country used to travel
to and from their workplaces in three different years - 1960, 1980 and 2000. As an overall trend,
cars gained a huge popularity as the mode of commuting while bus lost its appeal as a viable
mode of communication to these Europeans.
As the diagram suggests, around four out of ten of these Europeans used buses to reach their
offices and to get back homes in 1960. Tubes were the second most prefered mode of
transportation as more 25% people took this form of vehicle. Interestingly, Only around one in
every 18 people used cars to travel while trains were preferred by roughly 18% citizens for
commuting to and from offices. After two decades, trains and personal cars gained their
demands as more than half of the population used these two forms of transports. Tubes and
buses retained less proportion of commuters in this year and buses seem like lost its attraction
as a mode of transportation.
Finally, in 2000, more than one-third of these Europeans started using cars while only 15% of
them used buses to travel to and from their workplaces. Tubes retained almost one-fourth of the
commuters while train usage stood just above 20%.
The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph
shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.
Expenditure (Pence per person) on Fast Food, by Income

Groups, UK 1990
Consumption of fast food per person in gram in Britain.

Sample Answer 1:
The bar chart compares weekly expenditure of British on three fast food items in 1990 while the
line graph shows the consumption of these items from 1970 to 1990. Overall, expenditure on
fast food varied based on people’s income and the pizza was the most consumed item in 70’s
but in later years, consumption of fish & chips increased remarkably.
According to the bar graph, high-income class people spent more money on the hamburger
(more than 40 Pence/person) than on fish & chips and pizza. Their spending was also higher
than average and low-income class people on fast food. Average income class people also
spent more on hamburgers but their spending on fish and chips (25 pence) was more than other
two income groups. Finally, the low-income class British spent comparatively less on fast food
items and fish& chips cost them most (about 17 pence). They spent the least amount on
purchasing pizza (around 7 pence/person).
On the other hand, the line graph shows the consumption of these items by British from 1970 to
1990. Initially, Pizza consumption in Britain was highest (300 gm/ person) in 1970. In this year,
less than 80 gm of hamburger and fish & chips were consumed by an average person. Over the
time, pizza consumption declined and Fish & Chips became the most consumed item in 1990
with 500 gm consumption per person.
The graph shows Underground Station passenger numbers in London.

main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
» You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Model Answer 1:
The given line graph shows data on the number of underground station passengers of London
city from 6:00 am till 10:00 pm. As is observed from the graph, the highest number of people
use the underground stations of London at 8:00 am and 6:00 pm.
At 6:00 am around 100 underground passengers can be found at the stations and this number
increases seamlessly until 8:00 am when the passengers' number reaches to 400. After 8:00
am the number declines steadily until 10:00 am when it reaches around 180. The number keeps
fluctuating until 4:00 pm and on an average 200 passengers can be observed during this period.
After 4:00 pm the passenger number increases and reaches at 380 at around 6:00 pm. After
6:00 pm, the passenger number decreases with some fluctuations until 10:00 pm.
In summary, the highest number of passengers of London underground stations can be found in
the stations during the office going and office leaving times in a day.
The line graph shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months in 2002 in millions of
Dirhams.
Write a report describing the information in the graph below.

The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK.

information given.
Sample Answer:
The given line graph shows the number of cinema-going UK people and classifies these viewers
in four age groups. As is observed from the graph, people over 40 years old went to movies
more than the younger people of the UK.
As is observed from the line graph, the people of 44 to 54 years-old attended cinema more than
the people of other age groups who are less than 44 years old. Only 15% of the UK citizens who
were between 14 to 24 years old attended in cinema in 1990 while this percentage increased
with the increase of age group. In this same year, more than 35% people over 40 years
attended the cinema. It is clear from the data that, the people in UK trend to attend cinema more
with the increase of their age. The cinema goer’s number increased gradually from 1990 to
2010 except for 1995 to 2000. In 2010, the number of cinema attendees was also dominated by
the age group of 44 to 54 and the percentage of cinema attendees from all age groups
increased by 5% on an average than the percentages were in 2005.
The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.


Wheat Exports from 1985 to 1990 (in million tonnes)
Sample Answer 1:
The given line graph compares the wheat exports over three different parts of the world namely
Australia, Canada and European Community from 1985 to 1990. As is presented in the graph,
the wheat export in Australia decreased over time while the export in Canada and European
countries increased with some fluctuations.
According to the graph, around 15 to 20 million tons of wheat was exported to Australia, Canada
and European community. This amount decreased slightly in 1986 reaching around 15 million
tons and from that point, the export quantity in Australia kept on decreasing and reached just
over 10 million tons in 1990. In the meantime, the amount increased sharply in Canada up until
1988 and then there was a quick decline and finally, it reached to around 19 million tons in
1990. Finally, the wheat export in European Community increased gradually over the years and
reached to over 20 million tons in 1990.
Sample Answer 2:
The line graph elucidates the wheat exportation of three regions, namely Canada, Australia and
European community from 1985 to 1990. As can be seen, Canada was the leader in wheat
trading till 1988 and after that, the European Community became the leading wheat exporter
among the given regions.
Initially, in 1985, Canada exported the highest quantity of wheat which was approximately 19
million tonnes. The wheat export in this year by European Community was about 17 million
tonnes and finally, 15 million tonnes of wheat was traded by Australia in this year. Next year,
only Australia managed to export more wheat than the previous year's quantity, while it declined
in case of Canada and European Community. In the next two years (1987 and 1988) the
amount of wheat exported by Canada rocketed and reached to 25 million tonnes while it was 15
million tonnes for the European Community and far less for Australia. In 1989, the amount of
wheat export by Canada dropped very sharply while it was quite the opposite for the European
Community. The final year's export figure shows that European Community shipped just over 20
million tonnes of wheat compared to Canada's just below 20 million tonnes. In this year
Australia consigned just over 10 million tonnes of wheat.
[Written by Max Frame]
Model Answer 3:
The line graph compares the quantity of wheat Australia, Canada, and the European
Community exported between 1985 and 1990. Overall, the European Union’s wheat shipping
increased over the time while Australia experienced a downward trend in its wheat trading.
Although wheat exports of the three given areas have fluctuated, Canada had the most
noticeable oscillations throughout the given period.
The European Union exported approximately 17.5 million tonnes of wheat in 1985 and the
export fell below 15 million tonnes in the following year. Then, it increased to 15 million tonnes
in the subsequent year and remained steady in 1988. EU’s wheat export surged in the next two
years and in 1990 their wheat export was more than 20 million tonnes.
On the other hand, Australia’s wheat export in 1985 was the lowest, 15 million tonnes, among
the given three regions. In the year that followed, the import improved with at least 1 million
tonnes before it continuously declined in the subsequent years, hitting the lowest wheat export
figure as little as 12 million tonnes in 1990.
Canada’s wheat export was the highest among the three given regions in 1985 with nearly 20
million tonnes. Next year, it decreased to about 17 million tonnes before it significantly
increased in the following two years, reaching 25 million tonnes in 1988, the highest. However,
in 1989, it plunged to around 5 million tones below its initial wheat exports figure in 1985 and
settled to 20 million tones and the end of the period.
The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Underground Railways Systems
City Date opened Kilometres of route Passengers per year

(in millions)
London 1863 394 775
Paris 1900 199 1191
Tokyo 1927 155 1927
Washington DC 1976 126 144
Kyoto 1981 11 45
Los Angeles 2001 28 50
Model Answer 1:
The table provided gives information on the underground railway systems in terms of the routes
covered, passengers travelling annually and the year the railway system was initiated. The
indicated information in the table is for six cities.
As per the table, the oldest underground railway service provider is in London and also covers
the longest rail routes (1863 and 394 km of routes). On the other hand, Los Angeles is the latest
as it opened in 2001 and covers the second least railway route of 28 km.
Furthermore, Tokyo railway service initiated in 1927 but consists the largest number of travellers
(1927 passengers) among all other six cities, while It is Kyoto that consists of the least number
of travellers (45 passengers).
Overall, two of the oldest systems are London and Paris but it is Paris and Tokyo that has a
large number of passengers travelling annually; meanwhile, it is London that has the largest
route travelled (394 km).
[ Written by - Menu Anju ]

Sample Answer 2:
The supplied table gives data on underground railway system in six metropolitan cities namely:
London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles. As is observed, London railway
system is the oldest among six and has the longest rail route and the most recent railway
system in Los Angeles having a small route and fewer passengers using the railway system
each year.
London railway system was opened in 1863 and has a total of 394 km. route. Paris railway
system was started in 1900 and has 199 km. route but has a far larger passenger (1191 million
per year) than the London railway (775 million passengers per year). Again, Tokyo railway has
the largest passengers using the system and this railway station was started in the year 1927.
Two most recent railway stations are Kyoto and Los Angeles those started in the year 1981 and
2001 consecutively and have 11 and 28 km. of routes only. The 11 km. route of Kyoto railway
station is the smallest route among the mentioned six cities.
The table below shows the sales at a small restaurant in a downtown business district.
Sales: week of October 7-13
Mon. Tues. Wed. Thus. Fri. Sat. Sun.
Lunch $2,400 $2,450 $2,595 $2,375 $2,500 $1,950 $1,550
Dinner $3,623 $3,850 $3,445 $3,800 $4,350 $2,900 $2,450
Sample Answer 1:
The provided table represents information on sales of a downtown small restaurant of a typical
October week starting from the 7th October till 13th October. As is presented, the restaurant's
earning from dinner is much more than the earning from lunch except for the weekend, Sunday.
On Monday, the beginning of the week, the restaurant sells lunch of 24 hundred dollars
compared to the sales of dinner of 3623 dollars. The sales of dinner compared to lunch is
significantly higher than the sell of lunch for the six days of the mentioned week except for the
Sunday. The sale of lunch on Tuesday remains almost same as it was on Monday but the
dinner sell increased by almost 200 dollars. The earning from the dinner is lowest on Saturday
and it is less than 3000 dollar. In the weekend the lunches bring an amount of 1550 dollar
compared to 2450 dollar dinner.
The restaurant earns about 15 thousand dollars a week by selling the lunch and on the contrary,
earns about 22 thousand dollars by selling dinner.
(Approximately 178 words)

( This model answer can be followed as an example of a very good answer. However, please
note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.)
Model Answer 2:
The provided table gives data on the sales of a small restaurant for the second week of October
month. As is observed from the given presentation, the sales volume of dinner is higher than the
lunch sales volume throughout the whole week except Sunday and people spend more money
for lunch and dinner to the restaurant on Friday.
As is presented in the comparison table, the sale amount of the restaurant in lunch time is
around $ 2300 to $ 2600 from Monday to Friday. Their sales volume of dinner for the same days
of the week is between $3400 and $4400. But on Saturday and Sunday, a different trend is
observed when the sales volume drops compared to other days of the week and this is possibly
because of the days off. On Sunday the sales volume of lunch decreases to $ 1,550 and dinner
to $ 2,450 which are the least amounts they sale in the week. Interestingly the dinner sales
volume on Sunday night drops to only $ 2045 which is almost 2 times less than the amount they
sell on Friday night.
In summary, the restaurant sales more for dinner than the lunch and people tend to eat less in
restaurants on Saturday and Sunday.
The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain
from 1972 to 1983.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Consumer durables 1972 1974 1976 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983
Percentage of households
with:
Central heating 33 43 48 52 55 59 60 64
Television 93 95 96 96 97 97 97 98
Video - - - - - - - 18
Vacuum cleaner 87 89 92 92 93 94 95 -
Refrigerator 73 81 88 91 92 93 93 94
Washing machine 66 68 71 75 74 78 79 80
Dishwasher - - - 3 3 4 4 5
Telephone 42 50 54 60 67 75 76 77
Sample Answer 1:
The provided table represents information on the percentage of consumer devices owned by
British people from 1972 to 1983. Generally speaking, the most popular electronic item in Britain
was television, whereas the less owned household appliances were dishwasher and video
which had been introduced to the British families later in 1978 and 1983 respectively.
As for the table data, TVs and vacuum cleaners were always popular in English families with
their ownership percentages of 93 and 87 respectively in 1972. A similar ownership pattern for
refrigerators and washing machines denotes their popularity as well. Other electronic household
appliances’ usages in English families increased in the given period and this rising trend was
more significant for telephone and central heating devices. Videos were introduced in 1983 and
only 18% British families had it then. A similar trend could be observed for the dishwashers –
though it appeared in 1978, not more than 5% British family possessed it in 1983.
[ Written by Nooshi ]
Sample Answer 2:
The given presentation compares the percentages of electronic household appliances owned by
British families from 1972 to 1983. In general, TV had always been popular among British and
the dishwasher was the least common item during the given period in Britain.
As is observed from the given data, almost one-third households in Britain had central heating
machines in 1972 and the percentage increased each year and reached to 64% in 1983, which
shows that the central heating machine users almost doubled in 12 years. Again, Television was
the most common household equipment as 93% households had them. This ration reached to
98 percent with slight increase year by year. However, the video was introduced in 1983 when
only 18% houses had them. Then Vacuum cleaner, refrigerator and washing machines were
three most popular household appliances after TV which was owned by 70% house owners in
1972 and the percentages increased to over 90 after 10 years. Interestingly, dishwashers were
very less popular as only 3% families owned them initially in 1978 and their user's percentages
reached to only 5 in 1983. Finally, the percentage of houses that had telephones was only 42%
but with their popularity, this percentage reached to 77 after 12 years.
In conclusion, the television was the most popular consumer durable while the dishwasher was
the least common type of durables the British people had during the years 1972 to 1983.
Vacuum cleaner, refrigerator and washing machine were three other popular consumers’
durables for the given period in Britain.
Sample Answer 3:
The given table compares eight different consumer products possessed by the British between
1972 and 1983. As a whole, television was the most common item they were using during this
period, while dishwasher, which was introduced in 1978, was the least popular durable product
in the UK.
It can be seen that television and vacuum cleaner were those two devices consumed more than
the other ones, from 1972 to 1983. About the former, it ranged from 93% to 98% and the latter
from 87% to 95% ownership in Britain. Furthermore, the figures of both groups gradually rose.
In contrast, dishwasher and video were the least favourable durable during 1972 to 1983. 3% of
British citizens began using the dishwasher in 1978, reaching the maximum of 5% in 1983. In
addition, the video became a durable electronic device since 1983, and only 18% of these
people used it. On the other side, usage of all of the other products, including washing machine,
refrigerator, telephone or central heating steadily grew. In this case, the percentage for central
heating had the greatest growth, rising from 33% in 1972 to almost twice in 1983.
[ Written by - Rambod ]
Sample Answer 4:
The given table shows data on households consumer items owned by British during the period
of 11 years commencing from 1972. It is clearly visible that the percentage of households who
owned consumer durables had seen a significant hike during this period. Television was most
popular consumer item in this period while the dishwasher was the least common item.
In details, television, vacuum cleaner, refrigerator and washing machine were owned by more
than three-quarter house owners in Britain during 1972 to 1976. In subsequent years, the
percentage of households owning these items had increased gradually and more than 90%
British owned these items at their home. For instance, refrigerators were owned by 73%
households in 1972, which saw a steady increase in the coming years and reached up to 94%
in 1983. A similar trend could be observed for washing machine.
On the contrary, central heating and telephones were owned by only one third and less than half
of British households in 1972, but ownership of these items saw a steady increase too in later
years and reached up to 64% and 77% respectively in 1983. Dishwashers were introduced in
1978 with 3% ownership and reached up to 5% in 1983, whereas, data for video is provided
only for 1983 with 18% ownership in Britain.
The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in 1994, according to
United Nations statistics.
Describe the information shown below in your own words. What implications do the indicators
have for the countries?

Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per person (in $US) 11100 15760 160 130
Life expectancy at birth 76 78 51 47
Daily calorie supply per person 3326 2846 1927 1749
Adult literacy rate (%) 99 99 68 34
Model Answer 1:
The table compares four social and economic aspects for Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire in the
year 1994. A glance at the table reveals that Canada and Japan far outweighed Peru and Zaire
in terms of their citizens social and economic conditions.
As the data suggests, yearly average earning for a Canadian was more than 11 thousand US
dollar in 1994. The highest annual earning was in Japan where a citizen made over 15
thousand. Annual income for a citizen in Peru and Zaire was less than 200 USD and this figure
was almost 100 times fewer than that of the former two countries. Life expectancy was highest
in Japan, 78 years, which was marginally higher than that of Canadians but substantially higher
than that of Peru and Zaire, where life expectancy was 51 and 47 years respectively. Moreover,
99% Canadians and Japanese adults were literate while it was only 68% in Peru. On contrary to
that, two-thirds adults in Zaire were illiterate. Finally, daily calorie supply per person in Canada
was the highest, more than 3.3 kilocalories while it was slightly below than 3 kilocalories in
Japan. However, Peru and Zaire could only ensure less than 2 kilocalories per person in a day.
Model Answer 1:
The provided table compares four important economic and social factors of four countries
namely Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire for the year 1994. As is observed from the given data,
Canada and Japan had a far better economic and social conditions than the other two countries.
We can observe from the given information that, Japan had the highest literacy rate (99%), per
person annual income (USD 15760), longest life expectancy (78 years) and second highest
(2846) daily calorie supply per person. Again Canada was another country with a very good
social and economic situation that had 99% literate population, USD 11100 per person annual
earning, 76 years life expectancy and the highest daily calorie supply per person which was
3326. On the contrary, the other two countries had poorer economic and social conditions. Peru
had only $ 160 annual income per person which is 98 times less than Japan and they had only
68% adult literate compared to the 99% of other two developed countries. Zaire had the worst
economic and social condition among these four countries in the year 1994 with the least adult
literacy (only 34%), 130 USD annual per person income, 1749 daily calorie supply and only 47
years life expectancy.
In summary, Japan and Canada were two socially and economically developed countries with
very good social and economic indicators while Peru and Zaire were two undeveloped countries
with poor life expectancy, earning, food supply and literacy rates.
Sample Answer 2:
The supplied table gives data provided by United Nations on the 4 major social and economic
indicators of four countries for the year 1994. As is observed from the given data, Canada and
Japan were two countries with really rich social and economic indications whereas Peru and
Zaire were two countries where life expectancy and other social and economic factors were very
poor in the year 1994.
Canada and Japan had both 99% adult literacy rate and their life expectancy was more than 75.
Besides, annual incomes per person in these two countries were much higher, more than 11
thousand and 15 thousand respectively. Finally, the daily calorie supplies for the people of these
2 countries were more than 3300 and 2800. Totally opposite scenarios can be observed in Peru
and Zaire. The latter two countries had only 68% and 34% adult literates and the life expectancy
was much less than the previous two countries. Finally, the calorie supply per person and life
expectancy were significantly less in these two countries. These indicators show a poor life
standard in these two countries.
In summary, Canada and Japan both had really rich life standard while it was very poor in Peru
and Zaire.
Sample Answer 3:
The given table depicts some striking information according to the statistics of United Nations
which represents social and economic indicators of four particular countries in the year 1994.
According to the provided table, it can be seen clearly that, living standards of Canadian and
Japanese citizens were far better than that of people of Peru and Zaire.
As is presented in the table, initially, annual incomes of Canadian and Japanese people were
much higher with 11100 and 15760 USD per person in 1994 while people of Peru and Zaire had
only 260 and 130 USD per person respectively. In addition, life expectancy at birth in Canada
and Japan was 76 and 78 years whereas it was only 51 and 47 only in Peru and Zaire.
As is observed from the given data, daily calorie supply in Canada and Japan was 3326 and
2846 per person while this ratio in Peru and Zaire was almost half, with 1927 and 1749 per
person. Again, the adult literacy rate in both Canada and Japan was exactly same- 99 percent,
while other two countries namely Peru and Zaire had far less adult literacy rates which were 68
and 34 percents respectively.
In summary, citizens of Canada and Japan had incredibly better living standards than that of
Peru and Zaire in all indicated areas in the statistics.
The table below gives data on the hour of leisure time per year for people in Someland.

information in the table below.
Sample Answer 1:
The data presented in the table outlines how much leisure time people from different age groups
spend yearly in Someland. It is obvious that watching TV is a popular form of free-time activity
for Somelanders.
According to the figures, watching TV is a common recreation among people in Someland,

teenagers and elder people watch TV even more. They spend over a thousand hours per year
to watch different TV programmes while it ranges from 400 to 700 hours among others. Young
people have more friends to socialize while this number decreases when they grow up. Teens
spend as much as 350 hours socializing with 4 or more friends while it is only 25 to 50 hours for
adults and elders. On the contrary, people in their thirties spend the highest time socializing with
fewer people. Individual exercise is preferred by people in their 30s and 40s while group
exercise is more popular among teenagers. Elder people mostly refrain from doing exercises in
their free time. Watching cinema is not a common leisure activity among Somelanders and
teenagers spend 100 hours doing so which is higher than time spent in this pursuit by citizens of
other ages.
Sample Answer 2:
The table shows how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Someland over
the course of a year. Overall, the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across
the age groups and people of different age levels have very different ways of spending their
leisure time.
According to the figures, as people age in Someland, their time for socialising reduces.
Teenagers and people in their twenties spend around 500 and 350 hours per year on socialising
with a group of more than 4 people. Although the total hours of socialising in their 30s, 40s, 50s
and 60s are fairly constant (between 300-350), socialising with more than 4 people drops
dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups. Group and individual exercise follow a
similar pattern.
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment such as enjoying TV/
video and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as much
time as those who are at working age. Home entertainment ranges from just over a thousand
hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for everyone else. Cinema
accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers and retired people’s leisure and 25-50 hours for the
rest. It is worth noticing that there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group
activities as people grow older.
Model Answer 3:
The table shows data on the leisure activities of people from different age groups in a year in
Someland. Generally speaking, watching TV and videos is the most preferred free time activity
for people of all age groups while time spent yearly on other leisure activities vary based on
people’s age.
According to the table, young and older people spend more leisure time watching TV
programmes and other videos than the people from other age groups. TV watching consumes
1200 hours for teenagers and 1100 hours for elder population. This is the most popular leisure-
time activity of people as they spend more time on this activity than others. Socialising with
more people is popular among teenagers while with the increasing age, people prefer to
socialise with fewer people. Teenagers and young adults like group exercise while it is avoided
by people who are above 60 years old. People from 30 to 40 seems like spend around 200
hours per years on individual exercises.
Finally, watching movies in a cinema hall comprises 100 leisure hours for teenagers while it kept
on decreasing with the increase of their age except for the 70 plus population who spend more
time on this activity than 20 to 70 years old people.
The table below highlights data on the number of travellers using three major German airports
between 2007 and 2012.

Airport visitors, 2007-2012 (millions of travellers per year)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Dusseldorf 27.2 36.4 48.2 37.1 33.2 45.6
Frankfurt 36.5 41.9 44.4 47.3 51.1 69.3
Berlin 17.3 26.6 39.9 43.3 43.3 43.3
Tegel
Sample Answer 1:
The table summarises the number of passengers who travelled through three German airports
during 2007 and 2012. As a general trend, the Frankfurt was the busiest air-terminal with the
highest number of passengers while the visitor number is the Berlin Tegel airport increased
remarkably.
As can be seen, the Frankfurt airport served more than 36 million passengers in 2007 when
travellers in the Dusseldorf airport was just above 27 million, almost 10 million higher than that
of Berlin Tegel. Passengers in these airports in the next two years significantly grew and the
Dusseldorf airport served the highest number of commuters in 2009, approximately 48 million.
Passengers in the Berlin Tegel more than doubled in just two years. Meanwhile, visitors in the
Dusseldorf airport declined but served more than 45 million people in 2012, highest during the
whole period. On the contrary, Frankfurt airport received an increasing number of passengers
each year before hitting the peak in 2012 with almost 70 million passengers. Interestingly, Berlin
Tegel airport was preferred by the same number of air travellers in 2010, 2011 and 2012, which
was 43.3 million, the highest growth compared to the initial passenger number in these airports.
Model Answer 2:
The table data compares the passengers of three main airports in Germany from 2007 to 2012.
As is presented in the data, the highest number of commuters used the Frankfurt airport and the
total number of air travellers of these airports increased over the time with some minor
fluctuations.
According to the given data, in 2007 thirty-six and a half million travellers used the Frankfurt
airport while this number was about 27 million for Dusseldorf and 17 million for Berlin Tegel
airports. Almost 10 millions more passengers used those airports next years and further
increased in 2009. In 2010 and 2011, some fluctuations could be observed. Finally, in 2012 the
highest number of air travellers used the Frankfurt airport (69.3 million) while around 43-46
million travellers used the other two airports.
In summary, more people used the airports in Germany in 2012 than they did in previous years
and the Frankfurt airport had the highest number of passengers compared to the other two
airports.
Sample Answer 3:
The presented table compares the number of passengers in three major German airports
between 2007 and 2012. The Frankfurt airport served more passengers than other airports and
air travellers in these airports more than doubled in five years.
As is provided as a census of a perusal, the given illustration gives passenger numbers at

Dusseldorf, Berlin Tegel and Frankfurt airports. Initially, in 2007, more than 36 million people
used Frankfurt airport, while 17.3 million preferred Berlin Tegel airport. Dusseldorf airport, in this
year, receipted 27.2 million travellers. The number of Dusseldorf airport passengers swelled up
until 2009 and reached to 48.2 million as peak and then declined its proportion till 2011 and met
33.2 million and then this ratio plunged to 45.6 million in 2012.
In the similar fashion, Berlin Tegel's passenger increased with mild tilt until 2008 and spouted
with a steep slope and received 39.9 million travellers in 2009. After that, it served to 43.3
million commuters in 2010 and tended with no fluctuation until 2012. The quota of the Frankfurt
airport travellers rose monotonously from 2007 until 2012 with a gentle slope and stood at 69.3
million at last.
[ Written by - Nima ]
The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985
and 2000.
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons

where appropriate.
Average distance in miles travelled per person per

year
Sample Answer 1:
The given table data shows information on the way of travelling by British people for the year
1985 and 2000. As is presented in the table, using the car was the most common way of travel
by British people both in 1985 and 2000.
In 1985, more than 3000 miles out of total 4740 miles were travelled by an average British that
increased to well over 4000 out of total 6475 in the year 2000. The second most common way
of travelling for these two years was the local bus (excluding the data from other categories)
which was far less than that of cars. Taxi was the least preferred way of travelling both in these
two years amounting only 13 miles per person and 42 miles per person for these two years.
The bicycle was used for an average of 50 miles travel by each person in 1985 and that
decreased to 41 miles in 2000 which show the decline of bicycle usages by British. Train, local
distance buses were two other modes of travel by British people whose popularity increased
over time. In 1985, 255 miles distance was travelled by an average British on foot while this
distance decreased a bit in 2000. The other transportation were used comprises about 450
miles per person in 1985 which increased to 585 in 2000.
In summary, the popularity of car as transportation gained popularity among British people in 15
years of time and they mostly preferred to use cars as their means of travel.
Sample Answer 2:
The given table illustrates how the mode of travel changed in England between 1985 and 2000.
Generally, comparing to 1985, English travelled more each year, 6475 miles for each person.
Cars were by far the most popular mode of travel in both years in England. In 1985, the average
distance travelled by English was 3,199 miles, and 4806 miles in 2000. On the other hand, we
can see immediately that taxi was the least popular mode of travel. Although the travelling
distance in 2000 was above three times as long as in 1985, only 42 miles were travelled per
person this year, which was almost same for the bicycle. No significant changes happened to
some modes of travels, like walking, bicycle and other modes between 1985 and 2000.
According to the table, in 2000 local bus was used less than in 1985. Only 274 miles were
travelled in 2000, which was 55 miles less than in 1985. In contrast, the long-distance bus
became more popular. Each person travelled 124 miles by long distance bus in 2000 while only
54 miles in 1985.
In conclusion, in England, people travelled more distance in 2000 than in 1985. It is obvious that
cars were the most popular mode of travelling.
[ Written by - Wang Zhe, Veta ]
Model Answer 3:
The table outlines transportation preference by British commuters between 1985 and 2000. As
is obvious, cars were the most common means of travelling in the two mentioned years in the
UK.
Interestingly, British people did not use taxi quite often back in 1985 - only 13 miles per year
was cut by every citizen which made taxi the least common mode of transportation that year.
However, this number increased to be 42 miles per person in 2000. On the other hand, bicycles
were one of the least used vehicles in 2000 covering only 41 passenger miles. It is clear that
cars were still on top of preference among commuters, increasing from 3199 miles in 1985 to
4806 miles in 2000. Walking habits remained almost the same by British while the use of local
bus declined. Each passenger travelled around 250 miles per year in trains and that rose to
over 350 after 15 years.
In summary, the overall distance travelled by an English citizen went up from 4740 to 6475
miles in 15 years and the car was the primary means of transportation for them.
The table below gives information on internet use in six categories by age group.
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons

where appropriate.
Sample Answer:
The given data shows the internet usages activity of seven age groups. As is presented in the
data, teenagers mostly play games and get news while the mid-aged people mostly search and
purchase products.
According to the presentation, teenagers mostly play online games, look for news, download,
and purchase products when they are online. They rarely search for people. With the increase
of age internet users do product search mostly and their second most activity online involves
getting news and buying products. Among the 40 to 60 years old internet users, the most
common activity is product purchasing. With the increase of age, the download activity
decreases and searching for people activity increases. For instance, only 5% activity of
teenagers involves searching for people while this rate increases to around 30% when they get
older. On the other hand, 52% of teenagers’ internet activities involve downloading from the
internet while this rate decreases to less than 30% over time. Similarly, the online game playing
is most popular among teenagers and this percentage decreases significantly among the
grownup people.
In summary, teenagers mostly download and play games online while matured people mostly
search and purchase products online. Getting news and buying products are done by all age
group and aged people mostly search for other people online.
The table below gives information about rail transport in four countries in 2007.

Sample Answer 1:
The given table data shows the railway route, passenger number and cargo goods carried in
Malaysia, Canada, China and UAE in the year 2007. As is observed from the data, Chinese
people used the railway system more than the people of other countries but the cargoes carried
more goods in Canada among the given countries.
According to the data, 27 million people used rail transports (excluding metro) in China
compared to the just 5-6 million railway users in UAE and Malaysia. Only 0.3 million Canadian
people used railway transportations in 2007, which was least among the given four countries.
The distance passed by passengers who used railway in these four countries was similar to the
data provided for the railway passengers in these four countries for the year 2007. Around two
thousand km were passed by Chinese people compared to the less than eight hundred km in
UAE and Malaysia. As only 0.3 million Canadian people used railway in 2007, the distance
passed by each passenger was only 80 km which was the least among the figure given for four
countries. Interestingly, the cargos that transported goods carried the highest amount in Canada
(over 28 tonnes) though the passengers used railway system lesser than other countries. On an
average, all of the given four countries had an average of 21- 28 billion tonnes goods carried
through the railway system.
In summary, Chinese people used the railway more than the people of other country and cargo
carried more goods in Canada among the given countries.
Sample Answer 2:
The table compares the data of railway networks in four countries, namely- Malaysia, Canada,
China and the UAE in the year of 2007. Overall, it is clear that railway was more widely used by
Chinese passengers, whereas in Canada, it was used primarily for freighting goods.
Now getting back to the details, a large number of people in China travelled by train, which
accounted for 27 million in 2007, dominating that of the other countries. The highest out of four,
the average travelling distance of Chinese was approximately three times higher than the
corresponding number of Malaysian (770 kilometres). By contrast, rail in Canada carried a vast
amount of loads (28.20 tonnes) but a mere 0.3 million travellers. It is also noticeable that railway
in Malaysia and UAE shared nearly the same patterns in all three categories. The former served
5.9 million customers in 2007, while that figure for the latter was slightly lower, 5.5 million.
Likewise, there was hardly any difference between the amount of freight carried by train in both
countries, accounted for 22.2 tonnes and 21.9 tonnes respectively.
The table shows the worldwide market share of mobile phone manufacturers in the years 2005
and 2006.


Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales in 2005 &
2006 (%share of market)
Sample Answer 1:
The table data shows the leading mobile phone manufacturers’ global market share in 2005 and
2006. Generally speaking, Nokia had the highest global market share of cell phone both in 2005
& 2006 and the market shares of Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson increased in 2006 than
their share in 2005.
As is presented, Nokia had the largest market share (one-third of total) in 2005 and their market
share increased by 2.5% next year. Motorola had the second highest market share comprising
over 17% in 2005 and their market share increase by roughly 4%. Samsung had been able to
maintain the third position for their worldwide mobile phone market share, though their share
decreased to 11.8% in 2005 compared to 12.7% in the previous year.
On the other hand, Sony Ericsson and L.G both had more than 6% market share in 2005. In
2006, though Sony Ericsson’s market share increased by 1%, L.G’s market share decreased.
BenQ Mobile had the lowest market share in the cell phone market and their share dropped to
half in 2006 than the previous year. All other mobile manufacturers’ market share comprised
over 19% in 2005 and that reduced to slightly over 16% as Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson
had been able to secure more market share worldwide.
Sample Answer 2:
The table data compares global market shares of leading cell phone brands in 2005 and 2006.
Generally speaking, BenQ Mobile had the lowest market share globally whereas Nokia Mobile
secured the top in its rank as number one leading cellphone company worldwide.
Manufacturer of Nokia cell phone gained the largest market share, one-third of global mobile
phone sales in both years. On the other hand, Motorola also showed a significant increase in
their sale in 2006 by almost 4% from previous year. Samsung had just over one-tenth mobile
phone market share both years and their share declined in 2006. However, Sony Ericsson
mobile had been able to maintain their sales with only a slight increase at 7.4% in 2006.
Likewise, a gentle decline of less than 1% market share could be observed for Samsung and
LG in 2006.
All other mobile phone companies comprised over 19% global cell phone share, but their figure
dropped by 3% in 2006.
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different
countries in 2002.

Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category -

2002
Sample Answer 1:
The given data represents the amount spent by consumers in Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and
Turkey in three categories in the year 2002. As is presented in the table data, People of those
countries spent more on foods and tobaccos than they did for dresses, education and
entertainments.
According to the given data, Turk people spent the highest percentage of foods and tobaccos
amounting one-third of their total expenses on consumer products. Irish people spent more than
28% on this category while people of Italy, Spain and Sweden spent just over 15% for foods and
tobaccos. For clothing and footwear, the people of these five countries spent around 5% to 9%
of which Italian spent the highest percentage (9%).
Interestingly the expenditure in leisure activities and education was much less than the amount
spent on food, tobacco and dresses. The highest amount spent on education and entertainment
was done by Turkish people (4.35%) and the least amount spent by was in Spain (1.98%). No
nation among the given five spent more than 5% in education and leisure activities according to
the given data.
Sample Answer 2:
The given table represents amount spent by consumers in five different countries on different
categories of items in the year 2002. As is presented in chart people of Ireland, Italy, Spain,
Sweden and finally Turkey consumed specific amount on different items respectively as
mentioned different items like food and tobacco whereas clothing and footwear and finally
leisure and education.
Let’s analyse the data given table in detail. As is observed, Turkey consumed excessive amount
on food and tobacco which constitutes the highest percentage of 32.14%.Whereas Ireland was
the second top country which consumed significant high amount on food and tobacco (28.9%)
while Italy, Spain and Sweden spent higher than 15% respectively. On the other hand, all
countries consumed fewer amounts on clothing and footwear. As is observed, 9% was the
highest amount consumed on clothes & footwear by Italy consumers whereas Ireland, Spain,
Sweden and finally Turkey expenditures were less than 5%.
Interestingly Turkey gave priority to leisure and education and spent significantly higher (4.35%)
while at the same time Irish did not take interest in leisure and education and spent only 2.21%.
In conclusion, Turkey gave priority to food and tobacco whereas Italy spent a substantial
amount on clothing and footwear and lastly Turkish gave priority to education and leisure and
spent 4.35%.
[ Written by - Faisal Ali ]
Sample Answer 3:
The table shows the figures about the proportion of the money spent on different types of
consumptions in five countries in 2002.
There is an obvious fact that Turkey was the first ranked in terms of consumed money for both
leisure time and education and eating, drinking and smoking. By contrast, residents in Sweden
had spent the least money for food, drinks and tobacco and wearing.
In Turkey, roughly 32 percent of the people’s budget went for food, drinks and smoking.
Similarly, Ireland is in the second order, people who lived there spent nearly 29 percent for that.
However, these people spent only approximately 2 percent of their money to their education and
spare time.
On the other hand, Italian citizens allotted by far the highest rate of their budget (9 %) to the
clothing. The Irish, Spanish and Turkish people spent nearly the same proportion of money (6%)
on the clothing. Swedish people pay a little less for that.
[ Written by - Gokhan Caliskan ]
Sample Answer 4:
The provided table shows the cost percentage of the items that the consumers in five different
countries, including Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey, spent on in 2002.
In the table, we can see that food, drinks and tobacco held the highest percentage of consumer
expenditure and the numbers are all higher than 15% whereas the percentage in the
leisure/education category are all below 5% in the above countries.
In Ireland and Turkey, the percentages in food/drinks/tobacco are both around 30% and are
nearly five times higher than the category of clothing and footwear. In comparison, consumers in
Spain and Sweden spent only three times more of their expense in food rather than in clothing.
Italy, however, is the only country that the percentages between food/drinks/tobacco and
clothing/footwear are only one and a half times higher.
In observation of this table, we can also grab the information about how much people spent on
leisure time activities and education. There was a surprisingly common trend in Ireland, Italy
and Spain. Their expense in clothing/footwear tripled over the one in leisure/education. On the
contrary of this coherent pattern, the multiples between these two categories are less than two
times in Sweden and Turkey.
[ Written by - Chen Emma ]
Sample Answer 5:
The table illustrates the proportion of expenditure of citizens from five various nations in the year
2002. In general, it can be seen that every consumer in all the five countries tended to spend
more money on food, drinks and tobacco than clothing and footwear, which was then followed
by leisure and education.
First of all, Turkey was the country where citizens spent most of their money on food, drinks and
tobacco (32.14%) than any other countries which were lower than 30%. A similar trend can be
observed for the spending on leisure and education, that is consumers in Turkey allocated the
majority of their money in this sector (4.35%) compared to other nations (less than 3.50%) with
the minority of consumers from Spain (1.98%).
Turning to the expenditure on clothing and footwear, Italy turned out to be the country which had
its citizens to spend most of their incomes to buy clothes and footwear (9.00%), which was then
followed by Turkey (6.63%) and the country with the least spending on these stuff was Sweden
(5.40%). Besides, Sweden was also the country which spent the least money on food, drinks
and tobacco among the five countries (2.21%)
Sample Answer 6:
The table shows the percentage of national consumer expenditures on different items in five
separate counties in 2002. It is obvious that in all the surveyed countries, the major spending
was on food, drinks and tobacco, more than that spent on clothes and leisure and education-
after being added to each other.
The largest sum of money spent on "Food, Drinks and Tobacco" was in Turkey, 32.14% of the
national consumption, while the least was in Sweden (15.77%). As for "Clothing and Footwear"
category, Italy came first with 9%, followed by Turkey, Spain and Sweden with very close
percentages, about 6%.The least was Sweden again with 5.4%. Again, Turkey topped the
expenditure; 4.35% of the national consuming was on "Leisure and Education" This time Spain
came last with 1.98%.
Overall, we can see that Turkey's spending on the tow of the three mentioned categories was
the highest; however, Sweden had the lowest spending.
Sample Answer 7:
The provided table illustrates the consumer expense's proportion of three different categories in
five European countries in 2002. In general, food, drinks and tobacco had the highest proportion
of total expenditures, followed by garment items. And the consumers were less likely toward the
educational and entertaining expenses.
In food and drink expense, Turkey and Ireland were well above than other countries,
representing 32 per cent and 29 per cent respectively, whereas Italy, Spain and Sweden saw
below 20 per cent. By contrast, the gap among the countries spending on clothes and footwear
was narrowed. The people in most of the countries would estimate 5 to 6 percent budget on this
category. Except for Italy, where has been famous in fashion for centuries, the people would like
to spend as high as 9 percent on their fashion. In leisure and education expense, Turkey
remained the highest proportion with 4 percent while other countries were merely between 2 to
3 percent. Spain even saw the lowest proportion to hit below 2 per cent.
To sum up, the European consumers had similar spending habits when food and drinks
remained the top, garment items were the second, and education and entertainments came to
the last. In more details, Turkish consumers were more willing to pay for food and entertainment
than others when Italian consumers would spend the most in fashion.
[ Written by - Kwong Yan Cheung ]

Sample Answer 8:
The given table illustrates the customer expenditure on goods in five countries in the year 2002.
It is clearly shown that the highest expenditure category was on Food/ Drink/ Tobacco, and
Turkey had the highest amount of spending among the five countries.
With regard to the consumer spending on food category, Ireland came after Turkey with
28.91%. In contrast, Sweden had the least percentage of expenditure on food category, which
was 15.77%. On the other side, Italy dominated the category of clothing and footwear with total
spending of 9%, was by other countries such as Spain, Ireland and Sweden’s spending were
6.15%, 6.43% and 5.4% respectively.
Furthermore, the expenditure on leisure and education was the least among all the categories
with only 1.985 in Spain and in Turkey that was 4.35%. Other countries like Sweden and Italy
had very similar percentages of spending with 3.22% and 3.20% respectively.
In summary, Turkey made more expenses for the given items in 2002 while expenditures in
foods/ drinks and tobacco were more than on other given items.
Sample Answer 9:
The supplied table lists the percentages of national consumer spending in several countries in
2002. The expenditure was sorted into different categories.
In general, food/drinks/tobacco were true as the vast majority of consumer expenditure in all
observed countries followed by clothing/footwear and leisure/education which came up in the
second and third place respectively.
Looking at the details, Turkey, Spain, and Ireland accounted the high majority of national
expenditure for meals, beverage and tobacco, 32.14%, 28.91%, and 18.80%, respectively. On
the other hand, Italy and Sweden were lower than other countries, only about 16%.
Meanwhile, Turkey also came up roughly in big numbers of national expenditure for
clothing/footwear and leisure /education, 6.63% and 4.35%, in sequence, although Italy
amassed the highest expenditure for clothing, 9.00%. In contrast, Sweden was true as the
lowest national spent on the same category, only 5.40%. Yet, due to leisure/education, Sweden
reckoned as one of the high national expenditures, 3.22%, following Turkey which was the
highest figure, 4.35%. However, Spain halved the figure roughly and was true as the lowest
national expenditure, 1.98%.
The table below presents the number of children ever born to women aged 40-44 years in
Australia for each year the information was collected since 1981.

Sample Answer 1:
The given data shows the number of children born to 40-44 years old women in Australia for 4
different years. The number of women from 40- 44 years old who had either one child or none,
increased over time while this number decreased for the women of the same age group who
had two or more children.
In 1981, the percentage of women in 40-44 years age group who has no children was 8.5% and
in 1986 this percentage increased slightly and reached to 9.7%. The women of the same age
group with one child were 7.6% in 1981 and reached to 8.7% 5 years later. The percentages of
women who fall in the same age category with 2-4 and more children were much higher
(approximately 28%).
In 1996 and 2006 (with a 10 years interval) the percentage reached to over 15% for childless
women while it reached to 13% for women with 1 child. The percentage of women with 2
children had very little change while the percentage for three of four children decreased over
time.
In summary, the women from 40-44 years old had more children initially and this percentage
decreased over time.
Sample Answer 2:
The table graph explicates the gathered statistics of children born to women aged from 40-44
years in Australia. The data is given since 1981 and it illustrates the figures of 1981, 1986, 1996
and 2006.
Overall, the proportion of women who had given birth to three or more children had considerably
plunged and mothers who had no children were surged by each year.
In 1981, the utmost four or more infants were born by women with the figures of 27.6% but it
was plunged from the year 1981 to 1996 and finally, it fell to 11.0% in 2006. Similarly, the
maximum proportion of women who had given birth to three children was 27.4 percent and 27
percent in the year of 1981 and 1986 respectively. The remaining two years were minimal in the
birth of three children by the women aged 40-44.
Moreover, two children were given birth by more women in the year of 2006 and 1996. It was
nearly correlative to each other with the figures of 38.3% and 38.2% while 29% of two children
were given birth by women in the year of 1981. However, childless women’s number upsurged
in 1996 and 2006 from 12.8 percent to 15.9% but women with no child plummeted from 9.7
percent to 8.5 percent in the year 1981. In the case of one child, the proportion decreased in the
first two years of the given graph then dropped to 7.6 percent in the last year.
The charts below give Information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy In 2000
and projections for 2050.
Sample Answer 1:
The given pie charts show data on the population ages in Yemen and Italy in the year 2000 and
also projected these portions of the population for the year 2050.
According to the given data, more than half of the population of Yemen was below 14 years old
in the year 2000. In this same year, their population from 15 to 59 years old was just over 46%
and only about 3% of their population was over 60 years old. In this year there was one-fourth
population in Italy over 60 years old and more than 60% of their population was from 15 to 59
years old. The percentage of aged people in Italy was much higher than Yemen in 2000. Finally,
the percentage of the population up to 14 years in Italy was less than 15% in this year was.
The pie charts also give the projection of the percentage of population based on age group for
the year 2050 and according to this projection, the percentage of younger people in Yemen
would decrease while the number of ag d people over 60 years would increase only by 2%. On
the contrary, the aged people in Italy in 2050 would be more than 40% while they would have
less young people.
Sample Answer 2:
The pie charts illustrate the proportion of populations in Yemen and Italy according to 3 different
age groups in 2000, with the future forecast for 2050. It can be seen that in both countries the
general trend is for a predicted increase in the population of people aged 60+ and a decrease in
those aged 0-14 by 2050.
Looking at Yemen in 2000, around half of the population was aged 0-14 but this is predicted to
decline by 13% by 2050. On the contrary, the 60+ age group will increase by 2% by 2050 to a
figure of 5.7%. Likewise, those aged 15-59 years is forecast to increase from 46.3% to 57.3%.
Turning now to Italy in 2000, there is a similar rise predicted for 60 plus age group; from around
24% in 2000 to 42.3% by 2050. The -0-14 age-groups, like in Yemen, is predicted to decrease
by around 3% by 2050 to a figure of 11.5%. Those aged 15-59 years is forecast to plummet by
about 15% to a figure of 46.2%.
To conclude, in Yemen and Italy we would expect to observe an increase in elderly in 60+ by
2050. By contrast, it is predicted that the 0-14 age group would plummet by 2050.
[ by - Fiona Lai ]
Model Answer 3:
The given charts show the changes which are predicted to take place on the ages of
populations of Yemen and Italy by 2015, as compared to the 2000 level. The most striking
image can be noticed for 15-59 year olds. While in Yemen the figures are expected to steadily
rise in the future, growing from 46.3% to 57.3%, Italy represents almost the reverse trend. Here,
the values fall by around 5%, from 61.6% to 46.2%
The only category registering increasing values is 60 plus age group. In Yemen, only a small
rise of about 2% can be observed. In comparison, Italy doubles its number of old people, from
24.1% to a peak of 42.3%.
The last age group, of under 14 years old , is the only one forecasted to decline in both
countries: from 50.1% to 37% in Yemen and from 14.3% to 11.5% in Italy. Overall, in all 4
diagrams, the 15-59 year olds registers the highest figures, of around 50%, while under 14 year
olds situates all the time under the 15% threshold.
Sample Answer 4:
The charts illustrate the proportion of people of different ages in 2000 in two countries: Yemen
and Italy and also forecast the data for the year 2050.
According to the charts, the main age of the population in Yemen will change from people below
15 years old to those between 15 and 59 years old. However, people who were 65 years old
and more comprised the least portion of the population in Yemen in 2000 and in 2050 this same
trend will persist.
The trend in Italy is slightly different. Although people who were between 15 and 59 years old
were the biggest population in Italy, the number will decrease sharply from 2000 to 2050. 61.6%
of people were in the range of 15 and 59 years old, but it is predicted that in 2050, people in this
certain range of age will only take 46.2%. On the other hand, the number of people at 60 years
old and more will increase significantly. The proportion of people at 60 years old and above in
2050 is almost as twice as in 2000.
In summary, the trends of the change on the ages of people in Yemen and Italy in 2000 and
projections for 2050 are different.
Model Answer 5:
The supplied pie charts depict populations of different ages in Yemen and Italy in 2000 and give
predictions for 2050 based on people’s age. In general, both countries, Yemen and Italy, are
forecasted to have adolescent and adult as the vast majority of populations in 2050.
Looking at the details, in Yemen in 2000, children and teens accounted the biggest proportion of
citizen, 50.1%. In contrast, senior population was the lowest proportion of population, only 3.6%.
Meanwhile, young adults and adults amassed 46.3% of total population. However, it is predicted
that in 2050, the number of adult population will dominate significantly the proportion of people
abiding in Yemen, 57.3% and approximately 10% higher than in 2000. Vice versa, percentage
of people aged 0-14 years will be decreased to 37%, about 13% lower than in 2000. Seniors will
be remained as the tiniest fraction among all age categories, only 5.7% in 2002.
Meanwhile, In Italy, adult reckoned the highest 61.6% of the total citizen in 2000, followed by the
elderly people's percentage which came in the second place, 24.1% and toddlers and children
counted only 14.3%. In 2050, it is forecasted that adult population will still be the highest
proportion, 46.2% and the number of seniors will be about 42.3%, almost twice higher than in
2000. On the other hand, children’s percentage will be declined to only 11.5%.
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in
1981, 1991 and 2001.

Sample Answer 1:
The supplied pie charts depict the shifts in annual expenditure by a certain UK school in three
different times, 981, 1991, and 2001. In general, teachers’ salaries were the highest proportion
of annual spending percentage. In contrast, insurance was consistent as the lowest percentage
of annual school spending over the times observed.
Looking at the details, in 1981 teacher’s salaries accounted nearly a half, 40% of total school
costs and increased significantly in 1991 which accounted exactly a half, 50% and remained the
highest spending in 2001 as well, 45%. Meanwhile, other worker’s salaries, references, and
furniture and tool fluctuated and amassed big percentage of school disbursement all together, it
was about 40% in average.
On the other hand, insurance was the lowest percentage of total school spending overall
observed years. It was only 2% of total spending in 1981 and remained the tiniest fraction
subsequently in 1991 and 2001, 3% and 8% respectively.
Sample Answer 2:
The given pie charts illustrate a UK school's annual spending and show the changes over two
decades.
As is seen in the provided pie charts, the school spent an increasing percentage of money on
teachers' salaries, with the maximum of 50% being spent in 1991, after which it was reduced by
5% in 2001. Also, this remained the area, where the highest percentage of the money was
spent, in the given three years. Expenditure on other workers' salaries decreased significantly
over the years with 28%, 22% and 15% in 1981, 1991 and 2001 respectively.
Again, the percentage spent on resources like books also decreased after a slight increase of
5% in 1991. Investment on furniture and equipment saw a substantial decline from 15% to 5% in
the first 10 years, before increasing again up to 23% in 2001. Finally, the least percentage of
annual spending was on insurance over the two decades, with a small hike from 2% in 1981 to
8% in 2001.
Sample Answer 3:
A glance at the three given graphs reveals some differences among the expenditures per year
of a British school in a period of three years: 1981, 1991, 2001.
Overall, it can be seen that there are many trends that are obviously illustrated in those charts:
upward, downward and both upward and downward. The changes of those features can be
divided into two main groups on account of their trends: single trend and couple trends group.
Starting with the first group, insurance and other workers’ salaries, in 1981, the insurance only
took two percent of the total, however, in twenty years later, the number experienced a
considerable growth of six percent to eight percent. Unlike the insurance, the salaries of other
workers witnessed a respective drop from approximately thirty percent to a mere fifteen percent
in about twenty years.
Moving on to the second group, we can see that both teachers-salaries’ and resources’
proportions significantly fluctuated. In the first ten years of the period, the numbers rose five and
ten percent to reach fifty and twenty percent, however, slipped dramatically in the next years
from fifty to forty-five and from twenty to a mere nine percent. In contrast, furniture and
equipment spending first experienced a decrease and then quickly climbed from five percent in
1991 to twenty percent, a growth of eighteen percent.
It is interesting to note that through approximately twenty years, the total spending on different
things of this UK school changed considerably.
[ Written by - Quynh Tran ]
Sample Answer 4:
The given three pie charts depict the amount spent by a school in the UK annually for the years
1981, 1991 and 2001.
As is observed from the pie charts, teachers’ salaries accounted for the highest percentage for
both the years and insurance had the smallest proportion of money spent by the UK school in
both three selected years.
In 1981, 40% of the total school spending was used for teachers’ salaries and it has increased
to 50% of the total amount in 1991. In 2001, the percentage dropped a little, which was 45%
which was 5% higher than that in 1981. The money spent on other workers’ salaries decreased
gradually from 1981 to 2001. It was initially 28% in 1981, declined to 22% in 1991 and
eventually dropped to 15% in 2001.
The spending on furniture and equipment and resources such as books were the same in 1981,
which was 15% of the total amount. Whereas in 1991, more money spent on resources than
furniture and equipment, 20% and 5% respectively, but the reverse is true for the year 2001.
23% of the spending was for the purpose of buying furniture and equipment and only 9% of the
amount for the resources like books. Starting from the year 1981 to 2001, the amount spent on
insurance increased steadily. Only a small proportion of money allocated for insurance in 1981,
which was 2 %, increased to 3% in 1991 and 8% in 2001.
[ Written by - Lee Wing Qeen ]
Sample Answer 5:
The given pie charts give information on the spending of a UK school in three different years
with the 10 years interval starting from 1981.
According to the given data, in 1981 the UK school’s 40% expense was for teacher’s salary
while 15% expenses were both for the school equipment and for other resources like books. 2%
of it expenses was made for the insurance and remaining 28% was for the other staff’s salary.
After 10 years the expenses in teachers’ salary increased by10% while the expenses on school
furniture reduced by 10%. Resources and books related expenses increased by 5% while other
staffs’ salary decreased by 6% this year. Only one percent expenses increased for the
insurance.
In 2001, the expense of this school in this year was 45% for the teachers. The insurance cost
increased to 8% while the furniture related expenses increased to 23% and staff salary and
resource purchasing expenses decreased to 15% and 9% respectively.
Sample Answer 6:
The provided pie charts overall information about the shift in yearly expenditure at a certain UK
schools in the three deferent years: 1981, 1991, and 2001. Overall, the proportions of
educators’ paycheck was the highest amount spent in the mentioned years compared to other
expenditure areas. Meanwhile, insurance had the lowest contribution in term of money
spending.
To begin with, the figure of educators’ salaries was exactly 40% in 1981. Ten years later, it
increased to a half of total expenditure. However, in 2001, there was a tiny decrease in
spending in the same categorised to 45%.
Furthermore, other employees’ salaries also showed huge proportion on budgeting after
educators’ salaries. This area slightly declined in the observed years from 28% in 1981, 22% in
1991 and just 15% in 2001.
There was, however, a field which improved gradually in annual expenditure. It was insurance
which continually rose. The percentages were 2 %, 3% and 8% respectively from 1981, 1991
and 2001. The high improvement was shown between 1991 to 2001 which increased by 5 %.
Yet, insurance was still the bottom in money spending than other areas.
[ Written by - Waode Eti ]
Sample Answer 7:
The supplied pie charts compare the annual spending made by a school in the UK for three
respective years which are 1981, 1991, and 2001. Overall, the salaries for teachers remained
the highest portion in spending while insurance was the least expenses over the 20-year time
frame.
Based on the pie charts, aforementioned, teachers’ salaries constituted the highest percentages
of the school cost which were 40%, 50%, and 45% for 1981, 1991, and 2001 chronologically.
The expenses on resources such as books followed the trend of teachers’ salaries, went up in
1991 and dropped in 2001. In 2001, this expenditure stood at 9%. As for the other workers’
salary which was 28% in 1998, showed a dramatic drop to 15% in 2001. It is interesting to note
that the percentage of furniture and equipment in 2001 overtook the percentage of other
workers’ salaries and it showed a significant rise in 2001 even though it experienced a slight
drop in 1991. This cost was 5% in 1991 and 23% in 2001. On the other hand, insurance
accounted for the minimum percentage of expenditure over the time frame with 2% in 1991 and
8% in 2001.
[ Written by - Lee Swet Ying ]
Sample Answer 8:
The pie charts compare the expenditure of a school in the United Kingdom in three different
years - 1981, 1991 and 2001, with a gap of a decade. It is clear from the pie charts that
teachers’ salaries accounted for the highest percentage of the school’s expenses in all three
years. By contrast, insurance was the smallest cost in each year.
Now turning to the details, In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on teachers’ salaries. This
figure rose to exactly the half of the total expense in 1991, before dropping back by 5% in 2001.
The proportion of expenditure on other workers’ wages was considerably lower than that of
teachers' salaries and it fell steadily over the 20-year period, from 28% of the budget in 1981 to
15% in 2001. Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, being the lowest
percentage of expense for the school, but rose to 8% in 2001. The expense percentages for
resources and furniture/equipment of the school fluctuated. The cost ratio for resources was the
highest in 1991, one-fifth of the total cost to be precise, and the percentage of spending on
furniture and equipment reached its peak in 2001, at 23%.
The pie charts below give data on the spending and consumption of resources by countries of
the world and how the population is distributed.


Sample Answer:
The given pie charts show data on world population, the spending of people in basic needs and
their share of resource consumption. As is presented in the graph, people of the world spent
most of their amount for their foods and more than half of the population lives in Asia whereas
more than half of the resources are consumed by the USA and European people.
According to the first pie chart, people of the world on an average spent 24% on foods. In
clothing, they spent 6% while this percentage is double for housing and triple for the transport.
The remaining 40% is the combination of other categories for spending. The second pie chart
shows that more than half of the world populations live in Asia continent while Europe &
America have both only 14% of the total population. One-tenth of the world population lives in
Africa and rest of the 5% people live in other places of the world. Finally, the third pie chart
shows that though that 60% of world resources are consumed by the population of USA and
Europe though their percentage is only 28% in total. The remaining 40% resources are shared
among the rest of the 72% world population of other regions of the world.
The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.

changes which occurred.

Sources of Energy, USA, in the 1980s and 1990s.
Model Answer 1:
The pie chart depicts the different sources of energy in the USA in two decades – the 1980s and
1990s. An overview of the diagram shows that the major source of energy production in the
USA was oil.
The diagram shows that oil was the main energy source for the USA which was used to produce
42% energy in the 1980s and 33% in 1990s. Around one-fourth of energy in the USA came from
natural gas both in these decades. The usage of nuclear power as a source of energy increases
and it produced 10% energy in the 1990s which were double than the percentage of energy
production from this source in early decade.The production of energy from coal in the 1980s
was around 22% and it increases by 5% in 1990s. It is very surprising to notice that the
production of energy from hydroelectric power remained the same (i.e. 5%) in both decades.
To conclude, oils was the main energy production source in the 80s and 90s in the USA and the
use of nuclear power as a source of energy doubled.
[Written by – Reshma]
Sample Answer 2:
The given pie charts show data on the main energy sources in the United States of America for
two decades. As is presented in the pie charts, oil was the main energy source for the USA both
in the 80s and 90s.
According to the given data, oil was the main energy source in the USA which was 42% in 1980.
The second largest energy source in this decade was the natural gas which supplied 26% of
total energy in the same period. Then coal supplied more than 20 percent energy demand in the
USA while hydroelectric power and Nuclear power both supplied 5% of the total energy.
In the next decade, the Nuclear power produced one-tenth of total energy demand and that was
almost double that it was in the previous decade. The hydroelectric power as an energy source
remained unchanged as it provided 5% of total energy demand in this decade also. The two
other main sources of energy in the USA remained almost unchanged in this decade and those
two sources were Coal and Natural Gas. Finally, the use of oil as an energy source reduced to
33%, which is almost 10% less than the previous decade but remained the largest source albeit
the reduction in this 90s decade.
In summary, the use of oil and coal had reduced and their places as energy sources were
replaced by the use of Nuclear power in the USA.
The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in a country in 1950 and 2010.

Sample Answer 1:
The two pie charts compare the average nationwide expenses on several household categories
including housing, food, healthcare, education, transportation in 1950 and 2010. The
expenditure ratio for food soared in 6 decades while an overwhelming portion of the expenditure
went on for housing in 1950.
Now turning to the details, the bulk of the expenses in 1950 was made for the housing and food
which accounted for a massive 72.1% and 11.2% of the total expenditures. In opposite, it can
be observed that people prioritised buying food (34%) more than housing (22%) six decades
later. Health care had the lowest amount of money spent on in both of the years. In addition,
transportation expenses had remarkably increased by roughly three times from only 3.3% in
1950 to 14% in 2010. Aside from that, spending on other items also rose to 19.3% from 4.4% in
1950. Education expense ratio, however, had slightly decreased where people insignificantly
spent 0.3% more in 1960 than in 2010.
To summarise, basic necessities such as food and housing are the two main categories people
spent most percentages of money on, however, health care aspect was the least prioritised.
[Written by - Immae]
Sample Answer 2:
The pie charts show the expenses made in housing, food, healthcare, education, transportation
and other items in a country in 1950 and 2010. As is observed from the pie charts, in 1950
almost two-third expenditure was in housing whereas this average expenditure has been
increased for food, transportation etc. in 2010.
According to the given data, more than 70% expenditure of the people in this country went on in
housing in 1950. The second most expenditure in this country was for food. All other
expenditures including healthcare, education, transportation etc. were less than 20% in total.
After 60 years the trends of expenditure in this country significantly changed. People’s
expenditure in housing decreased to only 22% while the expenditure for food increased to just
over one-third of the total. Interestingly, the expenditure on education decreased over the time
while the expenses for transportation increased to 14%. All other expenditure in 1950 was only
4.4% which increased to roughly 20% in 2010 which indicates the new addition in the category
where people started expensing more than they did in 1950.
In summary, the expenditure nature of people had changed significantly in 2010 than that had
been in 1950 and it is obvious that expenses on food upsurged.
Model Answer 3:
The two pie charts compare the household outlay in a country by major categories in 1950 and
2010. Overall, in both years, significant expenditure went on for accommodation and food which
together covered the most of the expenditure. However, in 2010, spending ratio escalated for
the food while decreased for the housing.
In 1950, nearly two-thirds of the expenditure of people went on for the accommodation and
more than 11% on food. The expenditure on housing plummeted in 2010, 72.1% to 22.0% while
it almost trebled in the case of the food. Healthcare expenditure ratio, on the contrary, was the
lowest, only 2.4%, and it increased by almost 2% in 2010. Similarly, the outlay on transportation
was elevated in 2010 by nearly 10%. The cost ratio for education was 6.6% in 1950 which
slightly decreased after six decades. Other categories attributed to only around 4% expenditure
and it roughly quintuple during the period.
In summary, the housing drained the highest percentages of money for the people in this
country in 1950 and after 60 years it reduced while the ratio of expense on foods increased
remarkably.
The pie charts show the average consumption of food in the world in 2008 compared to two
countries; China and India.
Write a report to a university lecturer describing the data.
» Write at least 150 words
Sample Answer:
The given pie charts show the average food consumption of the world and two countries with
large population namely China and India for the year 2008. As is observed from the given data,
processed food items were consumed at the highest percentage than other food items.
According to the pie charts, people of the world, as well as the China and India, ate processed
food more than any other food item. People ate almost 41% processed food in the world in
2008. This percentage was higher in India than China. On an average, 29% vegetable and fruits
were consumed by the people of the world while this percentage was 32% in China and 23% in
India. Foods from animals were the third largest consumed item and Indian ate more than the
world average. Nuts and seeds consumed in India and China were much higher than the world
average.
In summary, Indian ate more animal foods than Chinese while Chinese consumed more
vegetables, fruits and seeds items than the Indian. On an average, Indian population ate more
animal foods and seeds items than the world population while Chinese people ate more
vegetable and seeds than rest of the world.
The graphs show changes in spending habits of people in the UK between 1971 and 2001.
Write a report to a university lecturer describing the data.

Model Answer 1:
The pie charts illustrate the changes in household spending in the UK between 1971 and 2001.
It is clear that the cost of petrol made up the largest proportion of the household spending in
1971 while expenditure on cars was the greatest share of the household spending in 2001.
Firstly, British citizens spent more than a third of their money on petrol and almost a third on
furniture followed by money spent in restaurants, which was precisely a quarter. The smallest
proportion of expenditures was the cost on computers with only seven percent in 1971.
Secondly, after 30 years in 2001, British citizens spent significantly less money on petrol,
furniture and restaurants- 8%, 8%, 14% respectively. In comparison to 1971, they spent nearly
double on computers. The greatest proportion of household spending was on cars with more
than 40%. The proportion of expenditure on foods were 14% and on books, it was vanishingly
small, only one percent in 2001.
[ Written by - Iraj ]
Sample Answer 2:
The provided pie charts give information on the spending habits of UK citizens in 1971 and
2001. As is observed from the charts, the expenditure on petrol & furniture reduced significantly
while the amount spent on computers increased.
Initially, in 1971, British people spent 36% on petrol which was the highest percentage among
the given expense categories. Their expense on Furniture was second largest (32%) while they
spent 25% on restaurants. The least amount spent by them was for computers, which was only
7% in this year.
After 30 years in 2001, the expense on petrol and furniture reduced to 8% which is significantly
lower than the percentage in 1971. But the expense on computers increased by 5% in 2001.
People spent 1% on books in this year. The expenses for restaurant decreased to 14%
compared to the 25% in 1971 and this is probably people spent more on food preparing at
home. The highest amount spent in 2001 by the UK people was on cars and that consisted
almost half of the total expense in this year.
Model Answer 3:
The pie charts provide a statistical comparison on the difference in spending made by UK
residents in 1971 and 2001.
According to the data given, most money in 1971 (36%) was spent on petrol, which was 4 times
bigger than the cost in 2001 (8%). The second highest cost in 1971 was on furniture, which
constituted 32% of all costs. Expenses on foods remained approximately on the same level
(about one-third) with one difference - in 1971 people preferred more to go to restaurants, while
in 2001 they split up those to 14% - to buy food for themselves and 14% - to eat outside. It is
interesting to note that almost half (43%) of all budget of the UK citizens was invested in cars in
2001, while no cost on cars in 1971 was given. Costs on computers increased from 7%, in
1971, to 12 % in 2001.
Overall, the spending habits of people living in the UK significantly changed in given two years,
except for their food requisition. Whereas in 1971 people spend most of the money for furniture
and car fuel, cars and computers have become the main investment in 2001.
The pie chart below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in
the UK in 2002.


Sample Answer:
The given pie chart shows data on the different family types that lived under the poverty line in
the year 2001 in the UK. As is presented in the pie chart, sole parents and single persons
without children were the highest in percentages who lived in destitute conditions in the UK in
2002.
According to the pie chart, people in the UK who lived under poverty mostly fall under sole
parent category for the year 2002. This was the highest among all the given categories (more
than 25%) that lived in paucity for the given year. The second largest segment who were needy
were the single persons without any child and their percentage was 24%. Couples with children
family type had 15% poverty rate while this percentage was less than 10% for single aged
people, aged couple and couples with children.
In this year 14% of all household of the UK were living in poverty. Interestingly aged people had
less percentage of poverty and couples with children enjoyed better economic condition than
the couples without children.
The pie chart gives information on UAE government spending in 2000. The total budget was
AED 315 billion.
Model Answer 1:
The pie chart shows the UAE government’s budget spending in different sectors in 2000. As is
presented, the UAE government had AED 135 billion budget for the year 2000 and they used
the highest amount for ensuring social security.
According to the pie chart, the UAE administration allocated AED 100 billion in social security
from their national budget of AED 315 billion. This single sector cost the UAE government
almost one-third of the total budget. This year the government's expense was 53 million on
health and personal social services, which was the second largest sector in terms of
expenditure made by the UAE government. 38 million AED was spent on education while 23
billion both in debt and other expenditures.
The government used 22 billion in Defence sector while 13 billion for the industry, employment
and agriculture sectors. The lowest amount of money, only 9 billion, went to the transport sector.
Finally, 15 billion of the budget was spent on housing and environment.
In summary, UAE government's maximum spending went in social security and healthcare
sectors while the least amounts were spent on transport, law and order, housing and
industry/agriculture and employment sectors.
Model Answer 2:
The pie chart illustrates the expenditure of the UAE government from the national budget 315
billion AED in 2000. It also shows the segments of expenditure of the UAE administration in
different sectors in the same year.
At a first glance, it is crystal clear that biggest slice of the budget was devoted to social security,
AED 100 billion. UAE spent 53 billion on health and personal social services followed by
education with 38 billion. However, the least amount of budget was spent on the transportation
system, AED 9 billion.
Moving further, it is vivid that debt interest and other expenditure accounted for AED 23 billion of
the budget. The expenditure of the UAE budget was 15 billion on housing heritage closely
followed by industry, agriculture and employment with AED 13 billion.
Overall, it can be deduced that the least amount of money was spent on transport while the
highest amount on the social security by the UAE government in 2000.
[Written by - Kuljeet Sandhu ]
Sample Answer 3:
The pie chart delineates how the UAE administration spent the national budget in 2000. It is
obvious that social security and health and personal social services received the largest
proportion of incentives from the 315 billion Dirham' national budget in this year in the United
Arab Emirates.
As is presented in the diagram, the UAE administration’s budget in 2000 was 315 billion Arab
Emirates Dirham and 100 billion of it went on maintaining citizens’ social security. Just over 53
billion was allocated for the health and social services which was the second largest allocation
by the USA government. Budget allocation for education, defence and debt interests were 38,
22 and 23 billion Dirhams respectively. Housing heritage and environment sector was allotted
15 billion Dirham which was 6 billion higher than the allocation for transportation. The UAE
government shared only 9 billion Dirham, the least, for its transportation sector in 2000 while
other expenditure accounted for 23 billion.
The pie charts below show information on the highest level of education of women in Someland
in 1945 and 1995.

information in the two graphs below.
Model Answer 1:
The pie charts show how the women education scenario in Someland changed by comparing
the highest level of female education in 1995 with that of five decades earlier. Overall, a notable
progress in education was achieved by women in Someland.
According to the diagrams, more than one-third women in Someland did not receive any formal
education in 1945 while another one-third dropped out before they even completed their primary
education. This is a dismaying figure for women in terms of their schooling in Someland in 1945.
Moreover, almost a quarter female merely finished their sixth and ninth grades whereas only 4%
made it to their 12th grades. Merely 1% of these women were awarded their first-degree
certificates while none of them earned the post-graduation qualification.
However, after fifty years, the progress was remarkable when one in every five women in
Someland finished their post-graduation, half of them earned their first-degree and all women
finished at least grade 9. No women in Someland in 1995 was deprived of their education and
20% of them finished school years to finish their 12 grades.
Sample Answer 2:
The provided pie charts present a comparison on the education level of females in Someland
between the years 1945 and 1995. Overall, as is observed, more female got educated in
Someland in 1995 than that of 1945.
Firstly, women education scenario in Someland in 1945 was terrible as there was no
postgraduate woman and only 1% women who completed their first degree in this year. It is of
note that in 1945 the percentages of females who did not finish even 12th class degree
comprised 95% of total women. 35% of these women never went to school at all.
On the contrary, the women education in Someland after 50 years witnessed a noticeable
improvement. In this year all women in Someland went to school and completed at least 9th
grade. The percentage of women completed their first degree was half of the total woman. 20%
women completed their post-graduation at that time which was a significant improvement in
terms of the women education in 1945.
In summary, women's schooling rates in Someland made a noticeable progress during a 50-
year period from 1945 to 1995.
[Written by - David Inner]
Sample Answer 3:
The given pie charts compare the highest education level among women in Someland in 50
years duration. As is observed from the given data, the women made a remarkable progress in
education over the 50 year’s period in Someland.
Initially, in 1945, more than one-third women in Someland did not have any schooling
experience while another one-third could manage education until third grade only. Less than 1%
women in this year managed to get their graduation or post-graduation degree. This reflects the
poor education level among the female of Someland in 1945.
After 50 years, the education level among women in Someland remarkably improved and more
than 50% women finished their first degree while 20% of them completed their post-graduation.
Remaining women either finished their 12th-grade education or studied till 9th grade. No women
were left unattended to school and that’s a remarkable progress for women in education in
Someland.
In summary, education level among women improved significantly over the 50 years period in
Someland.
The given pie charts compare the expenses in 7 different categories in 1966 and 1996 by
American Citizens.

information below.

Model Answer 1:
The pie charts compare how Americans spent on different commodities in 1996 with that of
1966. The expenses are given as percentages and it is obvious that cars consumed the highest
percentages of American citizens’ expenditure in 1996 while it was food that required the
highest ratio of money in 1966.
According to the illustration, four-tenths of Americans’ expenses went on food in 1966 and they
spend almost one-fourth on cars. The lowest spending Americans made was for computers
which was merely 1%. Expenses by them in 1966 on furniture and petrol was roughly one-tenth
each and their budget for books and restaurant meals were 6 and 7 percentages respectively.
After three decades, the expenditure pattern by Americans on those goods changed noticeably.
They spent 45% on cars, which constituted their highest ratio of spending on a consumer
product and spending on food preparation dropped by 30%. It is interesting to note that the
spending on books reduced to barely 1% while this figure went up to 10% for computers. They
spend exactly double for outside meals than they did in 1966 and their cost for petrol dropped
by 1% despite a hike in spending on automobiles. Finally, Americans share of spending for
purchasing furniture reduced by 2% in 1996 than that of 1966.
Sample Answer 2:
The pie charts compare the expenditure of US residents in two different years in seven
categories namely food, cars, petrol, restaurants, furniture, computers and books.
It is clear that the largest proportion of American citizens’ spending went on foods and cars. On
the other hand, computers and books have the lowest percentage in the chart in 1966 and 1996
respectively. In 1966, 23% of American citizens’ expenditure went on cars. The percentage rose
to nearly double at 45% in 1996.The proportion of spending on food fell from 44% in 1966 to
only 14% in 1996.
Expenditure on computers stood at only 1% in 1966 but reached 10% in 1996. The percentage
of American citizens spending on restaurants had doubled from 7% in 1966 to 14% in 1996.
Spending on books was highest in 1966, at 6%. By contrast, there was no significant change in
the proportions of petrol and furniture over a period as a whole.
(Approximately 156 words | by - Safa Ahmed )
Sample Answer 3:
The pie charts compare Americans' expenditure in 7 different categories namely food, cars,
petrol, restaurants, furniture, computers and books in 1966 with that of 1996. Overall, the least
significant percentage of spending by Americans went on computers in 1966 while the food cost
them the highest percentage. After three decades, cars became the largest segment of
expenses by American residents and the smallest segment was spent on books, percentage-
wise.
Cars accounted for 23 percent of expenses by Americans in 1966 and after thirty years, this
ratio remarkably increased to 45%. The expense of dining out in 1966 was 7 percent and it had
doubled in 1996 (14%). Only 1 percent of the American population's money went on purchasing
computers but this figure rose to 10 percent in 1996. Food comprised 44 percent of all the
expenses made by Americans in 1966, and it fell to 14 percent in 1996. In 1966, petrol and
furniture outlay was at 9 percent and 10 percent respectively and remained relatively
unchanged over a 30-year period. Lastly, expenditure on books had plunged from 6 percent to 1
percent at the end of the period.
[Written by - John]
Sample Answer 4:
The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.
Generally speaking, Americans spent the highest proportion of their money on food and car in
1996 and after three decades, cars comprised their highest costs.
Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they
comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but
this dropped by two-thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from
23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996. Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out
doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased
dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the
percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%. Some areas remained relatively
unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture
in both years.
In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for
by drops in expenditure on food and books.
Sample Answer 5:
The two provided pie charts compare the expenditure of Americans in 7 different categories
namely food, cars, petrol, restaurants, furniture, computers, and book between 1966 and 1996.
It is evident from the information provided that foods and cars made up the biggest proportions
of spending among Americans in both years. Specifically, in 1966, the highest proportion of
expenses went to food with 44% of the total expense, followed by cars with 23%. After 30 years,
this figure observed a reversal when the spending for cars accounted for a massive 45% while
that for food dropped to just 14%.
Turning to the other expenses, petrol and furniture stood for roughly equal proportions of money
spent with 9% and 10% respectively in 1966 and both 8% in 1996. The expenditure for
restaurant experienced an increase of 7% in 1966 and a double to 14% after 30 years. It is also
interesting to note that the spending on books and computers changed conversely. Over the 30-
year period, the figure for books declined from 6% to a negligible 1%, in contrast, money spent
on computers underwent a remarkable growth from 1% to 10%.
In short, Americans spent most of their money on food and cars in both 1966 and 1996, and the
spending for computers increased considerably after 30 years.
The bar chart below shows the results of a survey conducted by a personnel department at a
major company. The survey was carried out on two groups of workers: those aged from 18-30
and those aged 45-60, and shows factors affecting their work performance.

Sample Answer 1:
The supplied bar graph compares different factors which affect the work performance of two
different age group.
As is presented as a result of a survey in the given bar chart, for both age groups, 18-30 and
45-60, team spirit affects work performance equivalently and that is little over 60%. The reason '
chance for personal development' works for the younger age group about 90% which is more
than twice than the older age group. The similar scenario is true for the relaxing environment too
and this reason affects more than 80% of the 18-30 age group workers and about only 30% of
the 45-60 years workers. About 45% younger workers' work performance is affected by the job
security compared to little over 20% older workers. The only case where 45-60 years workers
are influenced more than their younger counterpart is 'respect from colleagues' which is about
50% for this age group workers in contrast to 40% (approximately ) for the 15-30 years age
group. The promotional prospect is an important reason that drives younger employees to work
better and this reason affects 80% younger workers compared to almost 45% aged job holders.
For the lower age group job satisfaction, work environment & money affects their job
performance about 50%, 30% & about 75% consecutively compared to about 45%, 30% and
70% of 45-60 years job holders.
In short, workers' job performance is highly affected by chance for personal development, team
spirit, promotion prospects, job satisfaction and salary.
Model Answer 2:
The given graph presents information on a variety of reasons that tend to impact job
performance and it is divided by differentiating between two age categories of 18-30 years and
45-60 years. The data sample is collected from a personnel department at a big company.
Firstly, the graph shows that 90% value personal development between the age ranges of 18-
30; followed by comfortable work environment and promotional prospects at an 80%. Secondly,
the age range of 45- 60 are motivated by monetary aspects as 70% of the mentioned age group
seem to perform better in this category. Thereafter, the particular age group values team spirit
as 60% of the age range is provided in the graph chose this category after money. However,
though each group varied on their factors affecting their work performance, both age groups
were highly motivated and at par by team spirit (60%) and Money (70%- 74%).
[ Written by - Rashidah ]
Model Answer 3:
The bar graph shows the results of a survey which was conducted by a company and gives data
on the important factors that determine the work performance of employees. As is observed,
chances for personal development, relaxed working environment, opportunities for promotion
and salary are the main motivating factors for young people for their work performance while
comparatively aged people's work performance is affected by the factors like money, competent
boss and team spirit.
The young employees put the 'chance for personal development' as the most important factor
for work performance and more than 80% of them consider this as the most important factor for
better performance at works. Relaxed working environment, promotion prospects and money
are three other important factors for performance for this age group. The employees of the
young group place the work environment, job security and respects from colleagues are the
least preferred reasons for performance.
On the contrary, employees between 45 and 60, consider money and team spirit as two most
important issue for their performance. Job security, relaxed working environment and work
environment affect this group the least. Interestingly, the issues which are preferred by the
same percentage of both age groups of employees are team spirit (60%), competent boss
(50%) and job satisfaction (50%).
Model Answer 4:
The stipulated vertical bar chart depicts the outcome of a survey carried out by the personnel
department of a major company and the survey was conducted among 18-35 and 45-60 age
groups in order to show various elements that influence their job efficiency. At a glance, money
is the motivating factor among both age groups.
To commence with, apparently, among both age groups of 18-35 and 45-60, team spirit
motivates equal proportion of people that is 60%. Not only the chance for personal development
but also the relaxed working environment is influenced youngsters about 90% and 80 %
respectively which is twice than older age group. Surprisingly, competent boss and the job
satisfaction have almost an equal proportion of workers satisfaction in both age groups.
Apparently, job security only motivates 20 percent of elders whereas, it is among youngsters 40.
Even though, 80% youngsters are motivated by promotion prospects, in the case of the old
group, only 45% work for promotion. Interestingly, both age groups take money as the most
equally encouraging factor to work with 75% while work environment was least with 30%.
To conclude, youngsters give great value to chance for personal development at workplaces.
The charts below show the Medical research funding amount in millions of Dollars in Someland
and also shows the death number for this area.

information in the graphs below.

Sample Answer 1:
The graphs compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases in Someland in 1990 and the
amount of research funding allotted to each of those diseases. It can be clearly seen that the
amount of research funding in many cases did not correlate with the seriousness of the disease
in terms of numbers of deaths.
In 1990, about 0.2 million people died from AIDS, 0.1 million from leprosy and 0.3 million from
tropical diseases. The death count in this year in Someland was 0.5 million from diarrhoea, 0.4
million from malaria and 1.8 million deaths from TB. These figures can be contrasted with the
amount of funding allocated for each disease. In 1990, 180 million dollars were used for
researching ailments for AIDS, which was the highest amount. This year 80 million was spent
for leprosy research, 79 million for tropical diseases, 60 million for diarrhoea. Somelander
authority spent 50 million dollars for malaria research and allowed TB research 20 million
dollars, the lowest amount in researching diseases.
In summary, it is clear that funding allocation for disease research in Someland is not wholly
determined by the number of deaths for which each disease is responsible in a given year.
(This model answer can be followed as an example of a very good answer. However, please
note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.)
Model Answer 2:
The diagrams present data on the medical research funding for six deadly diseases in
Someland as well as the deaths caused by those diseases in 1990. A glance at the charts
reveals that there was a correlation between the amount spent on researching a disease and
the casualties it caused- the higher funding generally produced a better result, at least for AIDS
and TB.
According to the illustration, the highest medical research budget was allowed for AIDS, around
175 million and in 1990 the death count in Someland from AIDS was 0.25 million, more than
death from Leprosy but fewer than fatalities caused by any other diseases. Again, the lowest
research budget was for TB (roughly 25 million) and around 1.75 million people died from this
illness, the highest casualties from any disease in Someland in 1990. Medical research reserves
for Leprosy and Tropical Diseases were exactly the same, approximately 70 million but deaths
from the later disease were noticeably higher. A similar trend could be observed in the cases of
Diarrhoea and Malaria, which received around 60 and 50 million respectively for medical
research and were responsible for 0.5 and 0.35 million deaths in Someland.
Model Answer 3:
The bar chart presents information on Medical research funding in Someland while the second
graph shows the number of death in this area from six diseases in 1990. Overall, the highest
amount of funding was allocated to research AIDS while the highest death could be observed
from TB, a disease.
As is presented in the first graph, more than 400 million was funded in Someland’s Medical
research and out of this approximately 175 million went on AIDS funding. Leprosy and Tropical
Diseases funding amounted about 75 million each and the lowest funding was allowed for TB.
Malaria and Diarrhea finding received 50 and 60 million consecutively.
The second graph shows that the highest number of death in Someland was caused by TB. It
shows a relationship between the Medical research funding on a disease and the death caused
by this diseases in this area. Since the lowest amount was funded for TB, the highest number of
death was caused by this diseases. A very similar trend could be observed for all the other
diseases and the lowest number of death was from AIDS which got the highest Medical
research funding in Someland.
The chart below shows the Higher Colleges of Technology graduates in the UAE.

information below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Model Answer 1:
The bar chart compares the number of students who were awarded honours from different
colleges under the Higher Colleges of Technology. The graduates are categorized by the
colleges they received their graduation from and based on their gender. Overall, more women
finished their graduation courses than that of males.
As is suggested in the illustration, roughly 2500 pupils achieved graduation degree from the
HTC colleges and among them over 1400 were females. Dubai college awarded degrees to the
highest number of students and among them around 550 were females and 430 were males.
The second most number of graduates were from Abu Dhabi college and 273 male students
were awarded degrees compare to 293 female students. It is quite striking to observe that
female graduates outnumbered male students in all colleges in terms of achieving the degree
bestowed by the educational institutes. The number of students who earned their graduations
from Al Ain, Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah colleges was somewhat similar, ranging from 250 to
350 and more than 60% of those graduates were females.
Sample Answer 2:
The provided bar chart compares the number of male and female grads from the Higher
Colleges of Technology colleges in the UAE. As is seen in the given diagram, there are more
female graduates who earned their degree from these colleges than the number of male
graduates.
The most outstanding feature of the graph is female graduates outnumber male graduates in all
the colleges. For example, in Dubai, there are 30% more women grads than men grads. There
are also large differences in Al Ain and in Ras Al Khaimah in terms of graduates females and
males. However, the number of men and women alumni is almost equal in the colleges in Abu
Dhabi. Besides, Ras Al Khaimah college has less than 300 students altogether, while Abu
Dhabi has about 600 and Dubai has almost 1000 students who earned their graduation.
In summary, women graduates have outnumbered men graduates in all the colleges, and there
are significant differences in the size of the colleges in terms of their students' number who are
awarded honours.
Model Answer 3:
The provided bar graph compares the number of male and female students who were awarded
honours in different colleges under the Higher Colleges of Technology in the UAE. As is
observed from the graph, the number of female graduates is higher than that of male grads in
the USA.
According to the given bar chart, the number of female graduates from Al Ain college was 218
which was higher than that of male products from the same college. Second, the number of
female graduates from the Abu Dhabi college was 293 while it was 273 for the male. The
highest number of graduates could be observed in the Dubai college and among those
graduates, there are 547 women and 426 men. A similar trend is also noticeable in the cases of
Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah colleges. These two colleges produced comparatively fewer
graduates but women's ratio was higher than the male graduates' ratio. The overall data shows
that the female graduates outnumbered the male graduates in the given colleges in the UAE.
The graph below shows the number of Computer and Internet users in different Arab countries.
Write a report describing the information in the graph below.

Computer and the Internet in the Arab World
Model Answer 1:
The bar graph outlines the proportion of Arab citizens who are connected to the Internet and
use computers. Generally speaking, the UAE and Kuwait have by far the highest ratio of
netizens, citizens who have access to the computer and Internet technology, while it was the
lowest in Egypt and Syria.
As the diagram suggests, around one-third of the UAE citizens have access to the Internet, a
ratio which is quite higher than their computer possessions. Kuwait in terms of its internet and
computer users stood at the second position but has a significantly lower number of netizens
when compared to that of the UAE. Besides, roughly 10% Kuwaitis own computers and use the
Internet. Lebanese Internet users were somewhat higher than their ratio of computer owners
and only 50 out of thousand Lebanese owned computers and their Internet users’ ratio was
slightly higher. Interestingly computer ownership in Saudi Arabia was roughly 0.7% and the
Internet users were even lower. Finally, computer and the Internet users in the remaining Arab
countries like Morocco, Jordan, Oman and Syria were fewer than 0.5% and this depicts a
dismaying figure in terms of computer and Internet technology penetration in these countries.
Sample Answer 2:
The bar graph shows surprising differences in the level of computer and Internet discernment in
the Arab world. Overall, the UAE and Kuwait are by far the most computerised countries, and a
dismaying scenario in Egypt, Morocco and Syria is noticeable in terms of the Internet
technology's penetration in the latter countries.
The chart present that The UAE has over 15% computer users, compared to Kuwait's 13% and
Lebanon's 6%. In contrast, countries such as Egypt, Morocco and Syria have less than 20
computers per 1000 of their citizens. There is also a large disparity in Internet use and
availability among those countries. The UAE has by far the highest proportion of netizens,
Internet users, with more than one-third of its population connected to the Internet. Kuwait and
Lebanon are second and third again, with roughly 10% and 8% users respectively. In some
countries the ratio of Internet users is negligible. Besides, Saudi Arabia has less than 2%
citizens with the internet access and there are fewer than 5 users per thousand in Syria.
One noticeable feature is that the connectivity to the Internet does not seem to be directly
related to the number of computers citizens own. In countries like the UAE, Lebanon, Jordan
and Oman, there are more Internet users than computer users. However, in Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia and Syria, the scenario is opposite.
The map below shows the changes in an American town

between 1948 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making
Sample Answer 1:
The maps portray the modifications which took place in an American town between 1948 and 2010.
Generally speaking, some noticeable changes were made during the period.
Looking at the details, there were some significant variabilities. From the middle of town up to north-
east, the surrounding lake with trees and the factories were situated in 1948. In 2010, these places
were modified to a supermarket, commercial buildings and the airport. At the same time in the
bottom right-hand corner of the town, the sports stadium replaced the church during this time.
Residential houses and local supermarket were substituted with commercial buildings.
By contrast, the residential houses which were located on the right side of the canal and the petrol
station situated in the north of city did not change their positions all through a period of time.
Overall, in spite of some significant changes, the dimension of town did not alter. However, these
variations manifest that the city developed gradually in terms of everything during this interval.
[ Written by - Elvin Memmedov ]
Model Answer 2:
The given illustration compares the map of an American town in 2010 with that of 1948. Analyzing
the town in both 1948 and 2010, it is obvious that despite some general changes like the relocation
of buildings or establishment of new facilities, its main structure remained almost same.
As can be seen, residential apartments in the south-east corner of the town were untouched, and it
is the same for the streets of the town and the canal. Moreover, the trees of the town were not
chopped-down for new constructions. It is worth noticing that the petrol station down the streets,
which run south-west to north-east, was not demolished or repositioned.
Looking further at the maps, many changes took place during the period. The supermarket was
relocated and the church was demolished to make way for a sports stadium. The residential houses
located at the corner of the main streets were knocked down in order to build two commercial
structures. Furthermore, in 2010 there is an airport, located in the eastern part, the place where four
factories were running in 1948. The presence of commercial buildings in 2010 is noticeable while
houses and factories were predominant in 1948’s map.
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are
manufactured for the building industry.

Sample Answer 1:
The given diagram shows different stages of brick manufacturing for the building industries.
Generally speaking, brick production involves 7 steps, starting from the digging stages and ending at
the delivery stage.
As is given in the graph, the first step of brick manufacturing is digging the clay with a large digger.
This clay is then filtered and processed in a roller machine and then mixed with sand and water. In
the third stage, the mixture is either kept in a mould or cut in a wire cutter to make the raw shape of
the bricks. In the next step, the shaped raw bricks are dried for 24 to 48 hours in a drying oven. After
that, the dried raw bricks are kept in a kiln, both in moderate and high temperature, up to 1300
degree centigrade and then placed in a cooling chamber for about 48 to 72 hours. This process
makes the brick to be packed and delivered in the final two steps. The delivery process is the final
process of brick manufacturing and as it is noted, brick making is a moderately complex process that
requires some predefined works to make it usable.
Model Answer 2:
The diagram gives information about the manufacturing process of construction bricks. Overall, brick
manufacturing requires some controlled stages and complex equipment.
To begin with, the clay is collected by a digger machine and then the clay is passed through a metal
grid to grind them. The smashed clays are transported to a roller and sand and water are mixed with
this. The mixture later either moves through a brick cutter, which shape of bricks, or is placed into a
mould in which the shape of a brick is formed. Afterwards, these brick-shaped parts are put into a
drying oven and stay there for 24 to 48 hours. Next, they are transferred to the first kiln for heating,
whose temperature is moderate, 200 to 980 C. After this, they are heated in the second kiln under
the high temperature from 870-1300C. Subsequently, in a cooling chamber, they are cooled for two
to three days before they are packaged and delivered to the construction sites.
To summarise, the whole process consists of generally seven steps during which the raw material is
dried, heated, cooled and packaged.
[Written by Thomas]
Sample Answer 3:
The diagram illustrates the brick manufacturing process in an orderly manner starting from the
digging of clay. As is seen in the given illustration, brick manufacturing is a complex process and
involves 7 stages until they are ready to be sold in the market.
The process is initiated by digging clay with the help of a heavy machinery digger. This clay is then
refined through the metal grid which throws the refined clay on the rollers. Sand and water are mixed
and this mixture is either moulded or cut using a wire cutter to give the bricks a raw shape. These
bricks are put in a drying oven for one to two days. The dried bricks are then passed to kilns with
moderate (200 to 980 degree C) and high temperature (870 to 1300 degree C) and finally placed in
a cooling chamber for 48-72 hours. After cooling down the bricks, they are placed on a pallet for
packaging and to be loaded on a lorry for delivery.
In conclusion, the process of manufacturing bricks is a complex process which passes through
several stages before the bricks are ready to be used.
Plan A below shows a health centre in 2005. Plan B shows
the same place in the present day.
Model Answer 1:
The plans, A and B, illustrate the refurbishment of a health centre in two different years (2005 and
the present). Overall, there have been massive changes in the health centre over the period given.
The centre has clearly been enlarged and its layout has also been changed to meet the demand.
In 2005, the main entrance was located in front of the health centre with 12 car parking spaces
outside. From the main entrance, there were some seats along the hallway for clients to wait for
consultation. At the end of the hallway, there was a reception desk for clients to register. In addition,
an office and a consultation room were located on the left of the desk, and on its right, there were
two more consultation rooms. Finally, a physiotherapy room was built behind the desk.
In the present day, the layout of the centre has been revised. The main entrance is now situated in
the left corner of the centre with a reception desk and an area for children to play. Meanwhile, there
is a large common area in the middle of the centre for clients where seats are available alongside
the wall. All original rooms and a newly added room called the minor operations room, on the other
hand, are now allocated to the common area. Finally, the size of the car park increased by twice with
30 spaces.
[Written by - Phoebe]
Sample Answer 2:
The plans illustrate the development of a health centre from 2005 to the present day. Overall, it is
clear that some major changes have been taken place to the health centre.
First of all, the only room which remained unchanged in health centre since 2005 is physiotherapy
room. There is an extra minor operations room being added next to it, thus the size of the garden
has decreased. In the present day, there are more seats available to the patients than that in 2005.
In addition, there are 4 consulting rooms now compared to that in the year 2005 which had only 3
rooms. The main entrance is, noticeably, shifted to the bottom left corner of the health centre with
additional children's play area. The reception desk is now placed near the entrance which is opposite
of children's play area.
Lastly, the car park slots have been increased to 30 spaces in the present day from only 12 spaces
in the year 2005.
Sample Answer 3:
The two illustrations show the previous and the latest plans for a health centre in 2005 and in the
present day.
In 2005, the main entrance was located in front of the health centre with 12 car parking spaces
outside. From the main entrance, there were a number of seats where clients could sit and wait for
consultation. Moreover, there were three large consulting rooms and an office where clients could be
accommodated and a reception desk in the far corner from the entrance. From there, there was a
physiotherapy room, located behind the reception desk where clients undergo musculoskeletal
rehabilitation.
In the present day plan, the health centre is revised in this way. Both the entrance and reception
desk are transferred in the left corner of the health centre and a playing area created opposite to the
reception desk. They added another room for consulting purposes but not as large as the previous
plan before. Likewise, spaces are expanded for car parking up to 30
slots. While the office and the physiotherapy room are in their original structure, a minor operating
room is added beside the latter. To sum up, the present day plan is constructed with more rooms
added although smaller in size compared in the past.
The diagram below shows the stages and equipment used in

the cement-making process, and how cement is used to
produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
Sample Answer 1:
The given diagram shows the process of cement production and then how this cement is used for
concrete production. As is observed from the graph, cement production involves some complex
processes and concrete production is done using the water, cement and sand in a concrete mixer.
The first diagram depicts that, to produce cement first the limestone and clay are crushed and the
produced powder from this is passed through a mixer. The power is then passed via a rotating
heater where heat is supplied constantly and this process creates the raw cement materials which
are passed on a grinder machine to finally produce the cement. The cement is then packed and
marketed for sale.
The second diagram presents how the concrete is produced for housing and building work. In the
first stage, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones are mixed in a concrete mixer
machine and the machine rotates fast to have the ingredients mixed together to create the concrete.
Sample Answer 2:
The two diagrams illustrate the cement-making process. We can see from the given illustration that
cement is manufactured first, and then it's used in the concrete production.
In the first diagram, we can see that limestone is the raw material with which clay added. Firstly, the
two materials are crushed to form the powder. Then this powder passes through a mixer and a
heater through which the powder is exposed to flame. The powder now is in the form of a paste. This
paste is grinded to be cement to pass through the last process; packing in bags.
The second diagram shows that cement can be used to produce concrete. This process is simpler
than cement production; concrete is a mixture of 15% cement, 10 % water, 25% sand and 50 %
small stones which are named as "Gravel". The four elements are poured in a huge mixer which
rotates producing concrete. We can see that once the cement is produced by several steps and
equipment, it can be used in other less complicated processes, for instance, concrete production.
(Submitted by Abdullah Hassan)
Sample Answer 3:
These two diagrams reveal the flow diagrams of both cement and concrete production processes
with necessary equipment and materials that are used. Mainly, both processes have similarities and
differences. They are similar because each of them has more than one input and a single output.
On
The diagram below shows the environmental issues raised by
a product over its lifecycle.
Model Answer 1:
The given diagram depicts the lifecycle of a product and the consequences due to its manufacturing.
Generally speaking, most of the seven phases of production have a direct effect on the environment.
As is observed, the first step in the product manufacturing is planning and designing according to the
needs. Then, the manufacturer starts to put the materials into action by consuming the required
substances and energy resources, which lead to the third phase - production. It is clearly seen that
these two steps have a direct impact on the environment. After that, the product undergoes
packaging and distribution to shops and markets. Then, the product is sold to the consumers. Noting
that packaging and sales might include adding covers on the product and using bags for selling it,
which surely have a negative effect on the environment. Furthermore, after the product is consumed
by the customers, it will have two possible destinations, disposing or recycling. Of course, disposing
of the product makes it a burden to the environment while recycling it reduces the amount of the
materials required for production. Finally, feedbacks are collected to help the designers in their
upcoming plans.
[Author - Mo Alaa]
Sample Answer 2:
The diagram illustrates environmental issues created by a consumer product during its lifecycle. It
can be clearly seen that there are seven steps in the product manufacturing process, beginning with
planning and design and culminating in recycling and these steps have negative consequences to
the environment.
To begin with, the product manufacturing begins with the planning and design. Once it is complete,
the next step, consumption of materials and energy resources, takes place which is followed by
manufacturing of the product. These two steps consume natural resource and emit waste and CO2
which is detrimental to the environment.
Afterwards, the products are packed, distributed and offered in retail outlets. The products are
unquestionably used by customers who either dispose the product or recycle it. Disposal of products
seriously harms the environment. However, recycling of the product reduces negative impacts on the
ecosystem. Moreover, customers provide feedback in order to improve the product planning.
The diagram shows the changes that have taken place at
West Park Secondary School since its construction in 1950.
Sample Answer 1:
The presented diagrams illustrate the changes the West Park Secondary School has undergone
since its establishment in 1950. Overall, it is evident that the school area was expanded and the
areas for the playground and sports field contracted.
As can be seen from the diagrams, the first time different modifications were made to the school
ground was in 1980, when a new car park and science block were constructed where a group of
residential houses used to be. The nearby farmland was also converted into a sports field.
In 2010, the most significant alteration to the school territory was the enlargement of the parking
spot, which then covered the entire old sports field. In addition, the size of the playground had been
reduced to make room for a new sports field.
To summarise, over the years West Park Secondary School has built and expanded some new
facilities, such as the car park and science block, but at the same time, its playground and sports
field have been reduced in size.
[ Written by - Thu Trinh ]
Sample Answer 2:
The given pictures illustrate the various developments of West Park Secondary School from 1950 to
2010. Overall, it is clear that the main road remained in place over the given period of time and It is
also apparent that the school was developed and increased in size while areas of the sports field
and playground decreased.
To begin, there were three rows of houses in 1950 which were converted into car parking lot and
science block in 1980. There was a farmland near the houses in 1950 but it was altered into a sports
field in 1980. The sports field was then being replaced by a bigger area for car parking in 2010.
Furthermore, the school in 1950 had one large block which later on took an additional block called
science block. After the emergence of science block, there was no place for housing. The
playground area remained unchanged from 1950 to 1980 but was reduced in size as the remaining
area was used as sports field in 2010.
Sample Answer 3:
The provided diagram shows the changes West Park Secondary School has undergone since it was
first established in 1950.
As is presented, the school has gone through some major changes and has also remained the same
since 1950. When looking at the diagrams, you can see that the main school building has not
changed at all. There was an additional building added on in 1980 called the Science block which
was added to accommodate the increase in student enrolments, which it was not anticipating. The
only other major changes have been to its surroundings. According to the school’s layout diagram of
the year 2010, there has been an increase in the size of the car park compared to the 1980’s school
layout diagram. When deciding to increase the school car park area, certain school facilities had to
be sacrificed, for instance, the sports field is a third of its size compared to the 1980’s school layout
diagram. The playground was also downsized by a quarter of its original size in 1950 and 1980.
My conclusion is that these changes had to be done in order to accommodate a major increase in
enrolments of students since its establishment in 1950 and maybe also due to the growth in
population and developments in their area.
[ Written by - Shirley Gee ]
Sample Answer 4:
The maps illustrate the development and alteration that have happened at West Park Secondary
School since it was first built in 1950.
The school building and the main road have not changed throughout the years. Houses to the left of
the school were removed in 1980 and the car park with the science blocks was constructed next to
the school instead. Farmland at the left bottom of the map was taken up by school and developed
into a sports field for children in 1980. However, in 2010 car park was increased in size and took the
whole area of the field. Subsequently, as there still was a need for sport, the huge area of
playground situated at the right bottom corner have been cut by one-third and replaced by a sports
field.
In brief, the area for the past 60 years has been profoundly changed and optimised for the schools’
various needs.
[ Written by - Isaeva Alena ]
Sample Answer 5:
The diagrams illustrate how West Park Secondary School has developed during the period of 60
years since it was first built in 1950. Overall, the school area has been expanded and car parking
area consumed a great deal of space over the time while the farmland was converted into a small
sports field.
Initially, in 1950, West Park Secondary School's ground area consisted of a school building and a
playground behind it. 3 blocks of houses and a farmland occupied the rest of the area. 30 years
later, the residential place was replaced by a car park and science block which was located next to
the main building of the school. Meanwhile, the farmland was converted to a sports field. In the year
2010, the car park increased in size which now occupied the area where the sports field used to be
in 1980. As a result, the playground area was reduced by a third to make room for the sports field.
[ Written by - Thu Phuong Luong ]

Sample Answer 6:
The diagram presents West Park Secondary School at three different stages in its development:
1950, 1980 and 2010. As can be seen from the given illustration, the school went through different
changes.
In 1950, the school was built near the main road and near the school, there was a place for housing.
An extensive spot behind the school was fixed for a playground, while the field behind the housing
was a farmland. By 1980, the housing area had been knocked down in order to build a science block
and a space for car parking. Moreover, a new sports field was established in the exact area where
the farmland was and it is right next to the playground. In 2010, the school's main building and the
science block were still intact but the car parking area had been extended and it consumed a great
portion of the sports field and playground. During the given time, the area around West Park
Secondary School has changed. In addition to a new science block, a larger car park has been
constructed and extended. Hence, the spot for sports field and playground reduced.
The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap
energy from the Sun. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information shown in the diagram.
Model Answer 1:
The given diagram explains how sun emitted energy gets trapped in our atmosphere due to the
greenhouse effect. It is evident that logging of trees and fossil fuel driven vehicles worsen the
greenhouse effect.
Getting back to the details, sunlight that reaches the earth surface creates heats and a large portion
of this heat was supposed to radiate back to Space without any hindrance. However, this is not the
case and a great proportion of heat energy remains on earth due to different greenhouse gases.
Though some sunlight is reflected off our atmosphere for the presence of the white cloud in the sky,
a large portion of the heat created by sunlight rays do not leave the surface. Tree logging is a reason
for enhanced greenhouse effect as less tree means less absorption of CO2, which is the main gas of
greenhouse problem. Another aspect that enhances the average surface temperature by
contributing to greenhouse phenomenon is the fossil fuel. This fuel is used to run different water and
Highland vehicles and is responsible for the increasing emission of carbon dioxide gas. It is evident
that to reduce the average temperature which is basically generated by the greenhouse effect, we
need more trees and less use of fossil fuels to drive our cars and ships.
[Written by Anglo]
Sample Answer 2:
The diagram illustrates the way in which greenhouse gases are produced and further how these
gases trap heat from the sun.
One of the most common way gases are released into the earth’s atmosphere is by means of
transport. The engine of a car, plane, motorised boat or other vehicles release toxic substances. The
pollutants also meet with extra carbon dioxide, evacuated from power plants or factories which burn
fossil fuels, forming a clutter of man-made pollutants. The process is fastened also by the marring
deforestation, which logs trees that could have absorbed the man-produced carbon dioxide.
The second stage takes place in the atmosphere, where a part of the energy received from the sun
should be reflected back to the outer space. Instead, the greenhouse gases trap the heat, warming
up the environment.
Overall, it is easy to notice that pollution itself is a complex process, with roots in the mankind
actions.
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are

manufactured for the building industry.

Sample Answer 1:
The given diagram shows different stages of brick manufacturing for the building industries.
Generally speaking, brick production involves 7 steps, starting from the digging stages and ending at
the delivery stage.
As is given in the graph, the first step of brick manufacturing is digging the clay with a large digger.
This clay is then filtered and processed in a roller machine and then mixed with sand and water. In
the third stage, the mixture is either kept in a mould or cut in a wire cutter to make the raw shape of
the bricks. In the next step, the shaped raw bricks are dried for 24 to 48 hours in a drying oven. After
that, the dried raw bricks are kept in a kiln, both in moderate and high temperature, up to 1300
degree centigrade and then placed in a cooling chamber for about 48 to 72 hours. This process
makes the brick to be packed and delivered in the final two steps. The delivery process is the final
process of brick manufacturing and as it is noted, brick making is a moderately complex process that
requires some predefined works to make it usable.
Model Answer 2:
The diagram gives information about the manufacturing process of construction bricks. Overall, brick
manufacturing requires some controlled stages and complex equipment.
To begin with, the clay is collected by a digger machine and then the clay is passed through a metal
grid to grind them. The smashed clays are transported to a roller and sand and water are mixed with
this. The mixture later either moves through a brick cutter, which shape of bricks, or is placed into a
mould in which the shape of a brick is formed. Afterwards, these brick-shaped parts are put into a
drying oven and stay there for 24 to 48 hours. Next, they are transferred to the first kiln for heating,
whose temperature is moderate, 200 to 980 C. After this, they are heated in the second kiln under
the high temperature from 870-1300C. Subsequently, in a cooling chamber, they are cooled for two
to three days before they are packaged and delivered to the construction sites.
To summarise, the whole process consists of generally seven steps during which the raw material is
dried, heated, cooled and packaged.
[Written by Thomas]
Sample Answer 3:
The diagram illustrates the brick manufacturing process in an orderly manner starting from the
digging of clay. As is seen in the given illustration, brick manufacturing is a complex process and
involves 7 stages until they are ready to be sold in the market.
The process is initiated by digging clay with the help of a heavy machinery digger. This clay is then
refined through the metal grid which throws the refined clay on the rollers. Sand and water are mixed
and this mixture is either moulded or cut using a wire cutter to give the bricks a raw shape. These
bricks are put in a drying oven for one to two days. The dried bricks are then passed to kilns with
moderate (200 to 980 degree C) and high temperature (870 to 1300 degree C) and finally placed in
a cooling chamber for 48-72 hours. After cooling down the bricks, they are placed on a pallet for
packaging and to be loaded on a lorry for delivery.
In conclusion, the process of manufacturing bricks is a complex process which passes through
several stages before the bricks are ready to be used.
The diagram below shows the stages and equipment used in
the cement-making process, and how cement is used to
produce concrete for building purposes.
Sample Answer 1:
The given diagram shows the process of cement production and then how this cement is used for
concrete production. As is observed from the graph, cement production involves some complex
processes and concrete production is done using the water, cement and sand in a concrete mixer.
The first diagram depicts that, to produce cement first the limestone and clay are crushed and the
produced powder from this is passed through a mixer. The power is then passed via a rotating
heater where heat is supplied constantly and this process creates the raw cement materials which
are passed on a grinder machine to finally produce the cement. The cement is then packed and
marketed for sale.
The second diagram presents how the concrete is produced for housing and building work. In the
first stage, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones are mixed in a concrete mixer
machine and the machine rotates fast to have the ingredients mixed together to create the concrete.
Sample Answer 2:
The two diagrams illustrate the cement-making process. We can see from the given illustration that
cement is manufactured first, and then it's used in the concrete production.
In the first diagram, we can see that limestone is the raw material with which clay added. Firstly, the
two materials are crushed to form the powder. Then this powder passes through a mixer and a
heater through which the powder is exposed to flame. The powder now is in the form of a paste. This
paste is grinded to be cement to pass through the last process; packing in bags.
The second diagram shows that cement can be used to produce concrete. This process is simpler
than cement production; concrete is a mixture of 15% cement, 10 % water, 25% sand and 50 %
small stones which are named as "Gravel". The four elements are poured in a huge mixer which
rotates producing concrete. We can see that once the cement is produced by several steps and
equipment, it can be used in other less complicated processes, for instance, concrete production.
(Submitted by Abdullah Hassan)
Sample Answer 3:
These two diagrams reveal the flow diagrams of both cement and concrete production processes
with necessary equipment and materials that are used. Mainly, both processes have similarities and
differences. They are similar because each of them has more than one input and a single output. On
the other hand, they differ in the number of production steps.
In the cement production diagram, firstly, limestone and clay are gathered and passed through a
crusher. Then, the powder obtained from crusher is moved to the mixer to make a homogene
mixture. Next, rotating heater welcomes the material from the mixer. After heating step, resulting
material flows on the grinder. Finally, cement becomes ready to be packed in bags at the end of the
grinder.
In the concrete production diagram, the process contains only one step to have concrete material
that is mixing. Cement, water, sand and gravel which is a general name for small stones are all
mixed in a rotating concrete mixer in precise proportions such as 15%, 10%, 25% and 50%
respectively.
(Submitted by Hüsna Uçar)
Sample Answer 4:
The diagrams illustrate how cement is produced and also an example of cement utilisation produced
to make concrete to use in a form of construction.
To begin with, cement is produced by combining raw materials like limestone, clay, which are
processed in a tool called crusher. Those all items are mixed together to create a perfect blend. The
blend, furthermore, goes into to a rotating heater. As it is in the rotating heater tube, heat is
introduced from the end of the tube before the blend is actually dropped onto grinder. Then, after all
the systemic process, the mixture turns into some cement which is then packed into bags.
Meanwhile, to create concrete, the main components of construction systems are gravel, cement,
water, sand and a concrete mixer to blend all the materials. Gravel or small stone is the major and
biggest component needed and accounts for 50% among all materials. There are, however, some
other materials like the sand which is mainly used and comes in the second place and is accounted
halved from gravel, followed by cement and water. The cement accounts for 15% compared to
among all materials used to construct a new real construction. All the material is mixed together by a
concrete mixer.
Overall, the steps of making cement are more complicated and require advanced machinery while
concrete production requires mixing required components in the right proportion in a simpler
machine. While heat is required to produce cement, no heat penetration during the combination
period of making concrete is required.
The bar chart illustrates the download rate per week of ActiveX, Java and Net computer
packages over a period of five weeks. It can clearly be seen that ActiveX was the most
popular computer package to download, whilst Net was the least popular of the three.
To begin, downloads of ActiveX and Java showed similar patterns, with both gradually
increasing from week 1 to week 5. However, the purchases of Active X remained
significantly higher than for the other product over this time frame. In week 1, purchases
of ActiveX stood at around 75,000, while those for Java were about 30,000 lower. With
the exception of a slight fall in week 4, downloading of ActiveX kept increasing until it
reached a peak in the final week of just over 120,000. Java downloads also increased at
a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000.
The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under
40,000, and, in contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks to reach
a low of approximately 25,000. It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to
finish at about 50,000, which was well below that of ActiveX.

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Presenting Your Opinion:

In my opinion: In my opinion, both the government and citizens of a country should

First/ Firstly/ To begin with:

Lastly/ Finally/ Last but not least:

Reasons and Causes:

Owing to: (means because of/ on account of).

Results and Consequences:

Meanwhile: Meanwhile, a single international language would reduce the language

Henceforth: (Meaning - Hereafter, hence, subsequently, from now on.)

Highlighting & Emphasising:

Obviously: Obviously, automation in government sectors would reduce the corruption to a

Specifically: Corruptions in government sectors, specifically in countries like India and

In particular: In particular, there is almost no university in such underdeveloped areas

Admittedly: Admittedly, severe punishments set examples to other people temporarily

Likewise: Likewise, technological advancement creates new job opportunities both in

Linking Words for Conclusion:

In conclusion: In conclusion, we should strictly monitor the type of programmes our

To conclude: To conclude, university admission should be merit-based, not gender-

Vocabulary for better writing

Last Updated: Tuesday, 06 March 2018 12:22

Written by IELTS Mentor

» Or: Else, otherwise, alternatively, instead, as a substitute.

» Because: Given that, as, since, for the reason that.

» In fact: As a matter of fact, actually, in reality, essentially, in truth, indeed, in effect, in

» Arise: Develop, evolve, happen, occur, take place, appear.

» Achieve: Accomplish, attain, complete, bring out, get, reach, do.

» Help: Aid, assist, support, lend a hand, abet.

» Beautiful: Lovely, pretty, gorgeous, splendid, magnificent, attractive, good-looking,

very rich - wealthy, affluent.

Better choice of words:

» Instead of using “actually”, you can use – As a matter of fact, Indeed,

Last Updated: Monday, 05 March 2018 21:26

Written by IELTS Mentor

Essay Writing Vocabulary Index:

2nd paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +

3rd paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +

4th paragraph with an example, explanation, evidence and extra details +

Useful vocabulary/phrases to open/start the essay:

Many/some people claim/opine/believe that...

Useful vocabulary/phrases to end the Introduction part:

Let us examine both views before reaching a concrete decision.

Vocabulary for the opinion part:

Vocabulary for the 2nd paragraph Part:

Vocabulary for the 3rd, 4th ...... paragraph Part:

Vocabulary to show the comparison:

Vocabulary to show contrast:

Vocabulary to show an example:

Vocabulary to present an idea:

3) With respect to mix-school classrooms, it is quite evident that...

Phrases to introduce more ideas/ examples:

3) What is more, leaders are born not made.

Vocabulary to show result & reason:

Vocabulary to sum up at the end of a paragraph:

2) That is to say, we must ensure the safety of our children first.........

3) In short, overall infrastructure of the area will develop.

N.B. The above vocabulary is specifically useful while finishing a

Vocabulary for clarifying or rephrasing:

Other transitional words/connective words:

Some correct and incorrect expressions:

Vocabulary for the conclusion part:

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the

» Write at least 150 words.

Employment Rates by Country, 1995-2005