asino) uOHONpoNU [2439¢q IJEMIOS UO!E|NWIS-0}-IIWSIaS SA Ta op Petrel 200/About Petrel* Development on Petrel seismic-to-simulation software began in 1996 in an attempt to combat the growing trend of increasingly specialized geoscientists working in increasing isolation. The result was an integrated workflow tool that allows E&P companies to think critically and creatively about their reservoir modeling procedures and enables specialized geoscientists to work togethor seamlessly. With the enhanced geophysical tools and the integration of ECLIPSE* reservoir simulation software and streamline simulation, Petrel is now a complete seismic-to-simulation application for 3D visualization 3D mapping 3D and 2D seismic interpretation well correlation \ 3D grid design for geology and reservoir simulation depth conversion 3D reservoir modeling 3D well design upscaling volume calculation plotting post processing streamline simulation ECLIPSE Pe ee ee Copyright Notice © 2007 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of Schlumberger Information Solutions, 5599 San Felipe, Suite 1700, Houston, TX 77056-2722. Disclaimer Use of this product is governed by the License Agreement. Schlumberger makes no warranties, express, implied, or statutory, with respect to the product described herein and disclaims without limitation any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Schlumberger reserves the right to revise the information in this manual at any time without notice. Trademark Information “Mark of Schlumberger. Certain other products and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations.Table of Contents About Petrel* ..... Copyright Notic Disclaimer... Trademark Information .... we wen Module 1 Introduction .. Prerequisites....... Learning Objectives... What You Will Need What to Expect...... Wconssessees Workflow Diagram Terminology... Acronyms. used in this manual. SISARESSS Module 2 Petrel Interface Introduction .. Prerequisites. Learning Objectives... Lesson Petrel User Interface . Automatic Save........ Petrel Explorer panes Available Processes ‘ Process Manager and Uncertainty Workfio Project Settings and Units. Object settings Visualization — Windows. Petrel Introduction - Exercises Summary. Module 3 Data Import... Introduction .....ssesseseie Prerequisites..... Learning Objectives......... Petrel Data Import... Data Types....... Data Organization. How to import data’ .........::sse Petrel Introduction Course Table of Contents © 5ae Importing Lines/Points by using the General ASCII reader ...65 Well Logs..... 10 Well Tops Import. Organize Well Data .. Seismic data import .... Copying data from another project. Exporting data .. : Seismic data export formats... Data Import - Exercises. Important icons used in this exercise Insert new folder to store data .. Import Data, Summary... Module 4 Seismic Visualization 101 Introduction Prerequisite: Learning Objectives Lesson... Seismic Visualization - Exercises : Base Map annotations and display of seismic mes... 114 Display Inline, Crossline and Random line in a 3D window .... Manipulate the seismic fines i in ‘the Base ‘Map or the 3D window Insert time slice... : Manipulate the seismic lines in the interpretation window......... i ra aes Tile the windows ‘ Digitize a Random line .... Make a Well Section Fence Optional Exercise. SUIT Visi scleriitenccrce Module 5 Seismic Interpretation Introduction # Prerequisites. Learning Objectives Lesson...... AutoTracking, Petrel Introduction Course Module 8 Fault Modelin, Fault interpretation... Seismic Interpretation - Exercises : Summary. Module 6 Editing Input dat Introduction........ Prerequisites........ Learning Objective: Lesson...... Edit Input Data Pe . Editing Input Data - Exercises .. Important icons used in the process steps: Edit Surfac Defining a Cross Section Plane (General Intersection) .. Summary... Module 7 Well Correlation Introduction . Prerequisites. Learning Objectives. Lesson... Well Section — displaying data Well Templates. Well Section — Edit/ add well tops... Displaying Surfaces, Horizons and Contacts... Ghost curves Settings for the Ghost curve .. Log Calculator. ae Well Correlation - Exercises... Important icons used in the process steps: Define Property Templates.................... Create a Well Section Fence.. DIS DE Vareannn iat Grouping of Logs Creating a Discrete (facies) Log SUMMATY....e.000sseee Introduction...... Prerequisites. Patel Introduction Course “Table of Contents °7Learning Objectives....... Lesson.. Fault Modeling Fault Modeling - Exercises ....... Important icons used in the process steps: Optional Exercises ... aigittai Summaty....... Module 9 Pillar Griddin: Introduction ...... Prerequisites..... Learning Objectives Lesson Pillar Gridding - Concept ............ Getting Started with the Pillar ridding Process... Skeleton... Quality Control of the Skeleton Grid and Pillars. Quality Control of Segments af Pillar Gridding — Exercise Before Pillar Gridding. Create a new 3D grid........ ey Create a simple grid boundary and quality check your fault model .... : ..281 Create a segment grid bound 282 Insert directions and trends .......ssess-esseensenen 285 Pillar Gridding 2 Summary...... Module 10 Make Horizons... Introduction re Prerequisite: Learning Objectives Lesson........ 7 Make Horizons - “Exercises 5 Summary..... Module 11 Depth Conversion Introduction .. Prerequisites. tents Perel Introduction Course Patel introduction Course Learning Objectives... ME nd 315 LESSON... Depth Conversion Process. Depth Conversion - Exercises Summary... Module 12 Make Zones and Layering. Introduction ....sssssesssessssse Prerequisites..... Learning Pe Lesson... Bair Layering... it th Make Zones and Layering - Exercises Summary. ec Module 13 Geometrical Modeling. Introduction a z Prerequisite: Learning Objectives Lesson... Working with Properties ..... Geometrical Modeling Methods... Property Player ... Property Filter..... Geometrical Property Modeling - Exercises Important icons used in the process stej SUMMATY....oeseoe Module 14 Scale up well i Introduction .. Prerequisites... Learning Objectives... Lesson... Upscaling the Logs - Principle vnnnnananneneenan STA Upscaling the Logs — Process .. 375 Upscaling well logs — Bias to a discrete log... 379 Upscaling the Logs — Methods Scale Up Well Logs — Exercises Summary. Table of Contents © 9ina. Module 15 Facies Nene Introduction ........ Prerequisites... Learning Objectives....... Lesson. Facies Modeling Common Settings Facies Modeling — Exercises ........ Important icons used in the process steps: Using trend data in the oe Modeling process........ Summary... aleahinte xy Module 16 Petrophysical a Introduction Prerequisites... Learning Objectives Lesson... Petrophysical modeling — Exercises .. Important icons used in the process steps Stochastic modeling - oe to Facies. Summary. i lvalatusee tyateoc Sun hannfpieeet Module 17 Plotting Introduction Prerequisites. Learning Objective: Lesson... Making Scaled Maps - Map window... Map Window — Property display ... Plot window... 1 Making Scaled Intersection - Intersection ‘window. Displaying your own text - Annotations. Plotting - Exercises .. Summary... : Module 18 Make Contacts. Introduction ... Prerequisites... S i Learning Objectives. Lesson Make Contacts - Introduction. PetilItroduction Course Make Contacts - Exercises . 476 SUMMalyern eee. : Module 19 Volume Calculation Introduction ... Prerequisites... Learning Objectives Lesson... Volume Calculation — Principle Volume Calculation - Exercises .. Summary... Module 20 Process Manage: 503 Introduction Sea Prerequisites..... Learning Objectives... Lesson Process Manager Pre-defined Workflows. Process Manager - Exercises Summaty........... Module 21 Well Design Introduction Prerequisites... Learning Objectives GSSOn Sete Well Design Process ...... ADT algorithm and settings .. Well Design Process ... Well Design - Exercises .. Summary.......... Poel Introduction Course Table of Contents «14Module 1 Introduction The purpose of this course is to build a 3D model containing faults, horizons and properties. This 3D madel will be used for volume calculations, well design and plotting. You will learn the process of importing the data, building the faults based on different types of input data, gridding the faults and inserting the horizons in time, These horizons, as well as the entire 3D grid, will be depth converted, before inserting geological zones and layering. Petrophysical properties will then be distributed in the 30 grid based on the well log information. By attending this course you will obtain a general introduction to the main functionalities in Petrel. After having completed the course you will have been introduced to enough options in the program to be able to know how to build such a model on your own. Due to the scope of the software, there is a wide range of functionality in Petrel that will not be introduced in this course. Refer to our other courses for more details on separate modules. Prerequisites To successfully complete this course, the user must have knowledge of the following: * English Proficiency © Basic Windows and practical computing skills * Familiarity with Geological and Geophysical fundamentals Learning Objectives ‘The learning objectives for this Petrel Introduction Course are to introduce you to the software, interface, file structures and visualization tools. At the completion of this training, you will be able to: * Demonstrate a project setup Navigate the Petrel user interface Successfully import and edit input data Visualize and interpret seismic data Utilize the well section window for well correlation Construct a structural model, including pillar grids, faults, horizons, zones and layers © Depth Convert the structural model ecole ce Perel troduction Course Perel Intiodvetion Course Introduction to Potrel © 13,Populate the model with data including geometrical properties, upscaled well logs, facies and petrophysical models Develop workflows for mapping and plotting Perform volume calculation with fluid contacts Introduction to the Workflow Ector (Process Manager) What You Will Need Inthis course, you will need the following hardware and applications in order to perfarm the workflow: © A personal computer with a minimum of 2GB of RAM. © Windows 2000 or XP © Training datasets * Agraphic card compatible with Petre! ‘© APetrel license and a license key © Petrel Seismic to Simulation Software with the latest updates What to Expect In this training material, you will encounter the following: ‘© Introduction of each module © Prerequisites to the module (if necessary) Learning objectives © Lessonis) ‘© Scenario-based exercises * You will also encounter notes, tips and best practices io Patel Peitel Introduction Course Icons Throughout this manual, you will ind icons in the margin representing various kinds of information. These icons serve as at-a-glance reminders of their associated text. See below for descriptions of what each icon means. Tips Notes This icon points you to a tip This icon indicates that the that wil make your work following information is easier. particularly important Bs Warnings Questions This icon indicates when you need to proceed with extreme caution, This icon identifies the questions at the end of each lesson. Best Practices This icon indicates the best way to perform a given task when different options Lessons This icon identifies a lesson, which covers a particular topic. Lal Procedures Exercise This icon identities the steps required to perform a given task This icon indicates that i's your tum to practice the procedure, Review Questions This icon identifies the review questions at the fend of each module. Prerequisites Learning Objectives This icon identifies any This icon identifies any Prerequisttes that are leaming objectives set out required for the course, or for the course, or forthe {orincivual modules, curent module. (Goh What you will need This ioon indicates any applications, hardware, datasets, or other material reawired for the course Petrel Introduction Course Introduction to Patel © 15Workflow Diagram Petrel Workflow Tools — Introduction aT ‘Well Fault Pillar Zonation and [ s aoe Correlation Modeling ridding Layering ix> Petrophysical ‘Well Design Modeling ‘Modeling ats) a2 Petrel Introduction Course Course Workflow «= Pillar Gridding ‘= Geometrical modeling ® Plotting 1 Introduction 1 Continue Seismic 1 User manual ‘Edit input Data Make Horizons Upscale Well logs 1 Moke Conta Petre Interface «= Well Correlation = Depth Conversion» Facies Modeling 1» Volume Calculation 1 Data Import = FauitModeing _—-® Make Zones 1 Petrophysical Modeling _™ Process Manager 15 Option Des = iaLapeig a 1 Discussion and questions 6 to Petre Pete nivadution Course = Intadction to Perel Terminology ‘Automatic legend ~ A predefined template displaying the color table legend of a displayed object Template — An object describing the color table settings common to groups of data. Petrel comes with several predefined templates, including, depth and thickness color tables, property templates and seismic color tables. Seismic Vintage folder — Works as a filter to visualize different versions of the same seismic data. Allows the user to switch between different seismic attributes contained within a single survey. Horizon Interpretation — Interpretation done on seismic. Fault Interpretation — Fault sticks interpreted on seismic. Key Pillars — Laterally joined pillars placed along faults which define the shape and slope of a fault. These can be listrc, linear, vertical or curved. These are used for making the first framework of a 30 Grid. Pillars - Vertical lines connecting the corner points of 30 grid cells Pillar Gridding — The process of building pillars between the Key Pillars (fault pillars) to create @ 30 grid. Quality check the resutt using the skeleton grid and rid intersections, The grid holds no layering information at this point. Shape Point - Points in space defining the Key Pillars, The number of Shape Points per Key Pillar varies from two to five, depending on the Key Pillar geometry. Trends — User-defined lines controlling how the grid cells will be positioned after pillar gridding. Skeleton - Three grids representing the top, middle and base points of the pillars. These are used as a convenient method of Quality checking the pillars and the 3D grid. The skeleton is not related to horizons in the grid in any way. 3D grid - A comer point 3D grid suitable for geological modeling and/or flow simulation. Horizon in a 3D grid - A geological surface in the 3D grid. The main difference between a horizon and a surface in Petrel is that a horizon uses 3D rather than a 2D grid. This means that it can have multiple Z values at a single XY value, whereas a surface cannot, as a result, reverse faults can be accounted for. Corner point grid - A flexible grid structure where the eight corners of a cell (the nodes) can be moved to form irregular cell geometries. Zones - A zone is the volume between two horizons. Petrol Introduction Course introductionModel - A grid or group of grids based on the same fault structure and boundaries. Each project can contain several models and each model can contain several 3D grids. Nodes - Points in the 3D grid where pillars are intersected by horizons. Intersection -A plane along which data can be displayed. These may be planes in any direction, model grid lines, seismic lines, well paths or intersection fences. Intersections can be displayed in 3D or ina 20 intersection window ready for printing. Property models - Data on petrophysical properties held within each cell of the 30 grid. ‘Surfaces - A surface held in a 2D grid. Compare with the Horizon in a 30 grid. Not locked to the model (3D grid). Used as input data to build model, Well Tops - Intersection points between well trajectories and structural surfaces. Sometimes called well points or tie points. Toggle — Describes the action of switching abjects and folders on or off in the Petrel explorer panes for visualization purposes. E.g. toggle on the Wells in the Input pane; this refers to the action of clicking the check box in front of the Wells folder in the Input pane, when toggled on a tick mark will be visual within the check box, Acronyms used in this manual: RMB- right mouse button, short for right-click. LMB- left mouse button, short for left-click QC- quality check Petre! History and Vision 1 1996 ~ Software and consultancy founded ‘= December 1998 ~ First commercial release = December 2002 - Part of ‘Schlumberger Information Solutions 15 Goal is to get Petrel on every Geoscientists desktop '= User friendly interface, easy to leam and makes life easier = Complete workflow tool covering Seismic to Simulation onto Fete Petre Introduction Course Petrel Introduction Course Introduction to Patel © 19,Courses and Manuals ' Contains slides and exercises 1» Basic use of Petrel «= Leads first time users through their first project ‘= Structured and detailed information on Pete's functionality 1 Short description of new functionality = Comes with every new release 20 itvoduetion to otro Patel Introduction Course Module 2 Petrel Interface Introduction In this module, we will cover the Petrel user interface. We will start Petrel with an existing project that has been created specifically for this training course. Prerequisites No prerequisites are required for this module. Learning Objectives In this module, you will successfully learn how to perform the following procedures within this workfiow: . Start Petrel with a new or existing project Navigate and learn the user interface Understand important project parameters Understand Petrel windows Display data or surfaces in 2D or 3D windows Understand how to access and use the Online help Perel introduction Course Us inMenu bar [Status bar Object information Petrel User Interface ‘The Petrel User Interface consists of two main windows, the display window and the Petrel Explorer panes. Display window: Where objects are displayed. The objects can be of different types. Any number of windows can be open at the same time Petre! Explorer panes: - Input pane - Processes pane - Models pane -Cases pane - Results pane - Workflows pane ~ Templates pane - Windows pane These panes contain all of the data used in the project. Imported data is stored under the Input pane, while imported or generated models are stored under the Models pane. The Templates pane contains predefined templates, while the Results pane is a filter for Simulation and Volumetric results. Poll nivoduction Gouse 2 User ntrface The Processes pane contains a list of the available processes in Petrel in the order they are to be performed. The Workflaws pane contains workflows inserted from the insert menu and modified using the Process manager. The Gases pane stores all simulation and volumetric cases and the Windows storage pane stores all used windows (3D window, interpretation window, etc.) Tool bar: General tools related to import and visualization. Menu bar: Familiar Windows menus, such as File>Open, Edit>Copy, File>Save, Help>Manual. Function bar: Tools related to the active process in the Processes pane. Object Information. When clicking on an object in the Display window, information about the abject will appear in the lower right corner. Status bar: Shows the status of the last performed action. and Saving Petrel Proj Sweet Ww! | | ret Seating | Mac eons’ | wie enge? 7 Petes cv y ara vin Pte 2 Sore pric sonata Cis insert Mga bas seve 6 All model data is saved to a project file with the extension . pet. This file contains links to all related objects in a saved project. An associated project directory, .ptd contains all the data object files. Both the .pet file and the .ptd folder are required to be able to open and Use a Petrel project. Potrel Introduction Course User interfa& Automatic Save should be used with caution, a it will overwrite the cutent saved project. With this option, you cannot revert back to your original version if you make any errors. Also, when ‘working on large projects, saving the project at Automatic intervals may take 2 long time. Automatic Save If the user wishes to do so, Petre! will save a project periodically at a user defined time interval. Go to the File menu>Automatic save>Misc settings 1>Project save. Define the settings for an automatic save (default every 15. minutes). To avoid getting a pop up message each time Petrel performs the automatic save function, itis also possible to choose the option Save silently Back-up files (*.bak) Occasionally, Ptrel will create back-up copies of the pet file, generally in response to a problem experienced in Petre. If the main project is OK, these files can be deleted to free up disk space. Select File>Clean project directory, However, if the project has become corrupted, you can recover the project if a bak file is available. Procedure to recover a project: 1. Remove the original pet file 2. Rename the .bak file, removing the bak extension. 3. Open project with the renamed back-up file. Petrel Explorer panes There are eight panes available in Petrel, which can be put in two separate explorer windows (default), but all panes have free placement and grouping They can be enabled or disabled from the View option in the Menu bar. Procedure: If the panes have been moved around a lot and you would like to go back to the default mode of visualizing the panes, go to Tools>System Settings>Effects tab and click the Reset layout button. The two main working panes are: Input pane This is where all the input files are placed, as well as edits on input data or Copies of input data. Data created within Petrel and not related to the 30 grid, (such as polygons, surfaces and seismic interpretations), will also be stored under this pane, Models pane All data related to the 3D grid (horizons, faults, properties, etc.) is found here. Visualized item: To visualize an item in the display window, itis necessary to toggle on the item in the gray check box next to the item of interest in the Explorer panes, 2A User interface Paael Introduction Course Poul nodction Con Course MeBold Item: A useful characteristic of Petrel is that the active item will be in bold fonts. In this way, Petrel is notified which object to use in a process. For instance, if the user wants to use the Top Tarbert line data as input for making a surface, the user selects it by clicking on it click on the word Top Tarbert and it will Become bold), and then Petrel recognizes that this is the file to use, and the user knows which item is being used +/- Sign: Data is stored in folders within the Petre! Explorer panes. The folders are expanded by clicking on the plus sign and collapsed by clicking on the minus sign in front of it. It is also possible to right mouse button click (RMB) the folders and choose to collapse or expand recursive as well. Jser terface zl eT aT tt zt wi 1 ar at Destress he © Graion sot OF Nan: oral ine Te 1 Etat gem! , Gerealtne F Tyee [Propet Thickness depth Z| Ys Template | Porosiy ‘ ¥) eee el —___ Be Ti tatiape cess 2. Stand alone color table: yaa © this ison, the cbject wil ov its ovn propetty alesis template, aloning you to change the coor table fr 5 ‘only this abject © Imotder to change the calas othe levels on the unique color table, go to the ‘Colors’ page and nat to the attached property template settings. Templates pane This pane contains all predefined templates in Petrel. Petre! works with templates that are linked not only to logs, but also to all objects. The templates are cataloged in folders depending on type, and are either set as continuous or discrete colors. A template can be edited either in the Templates pane or directly from the object where itis being used. However, in the latter case, the template will then be changed for all objects using this as a template. Patrel introduction Course To avoid this, there are two options: 1. Copya template (Ctrl C+-V), in Templates pane and rename it or insert a new template. 2. Lock the Template; use a stand alone template by clicking on the padlock icon in the Info tab (under Settings of an object), When the padlock is locked any changes will be reflected only on that object. a nett Bina Welcomiton — Statiuaphic model Makar wa ‘ee Synthetics a vieeee BB Seine rime | He Smtr Ei nestivn © Serine Scam * Sma Wapeee cca eae peels doe & Vorae emaction QB rixgding —% Geostics Sr, Bieteee © ent mea i sescineaee arias reve ooees * torans * Prot nosing 1D satin mete © Upsaing S94 |B tcwepeee Y Wot ennncciog |B Nabeaunce © We eorecing ' Simlaton Phe Bourne dente Gi rewmae Bl Pewtca t Groner than Bam Processes pane By default, the Processes pane is located in the lower Petrel Explorer window and gives alist of all available processes in Petrel. The processes are listed in the order in nh they should be performed (with the exception of some Processes, such as ‘Make/Edit Polygons’, which will be availabl the data has been imported), ee The processes ae listed in folders in a way that fits most workflows. However you may need to lookin a different folder to gain access to some processes which are required for your workflow. Staite meng i ieee ator ead SW ERIN cine ene a | er ‘A Aasmaan Gal Brana S hancettne gicteaas pp ae 1B vercrannrree wan ha Be eae QSSTaS cect 2 rae ry sute to press ‘Apply after clicking on the padlock ican, and go to the Colors tab within the settings dialog. Do not use ‘the shortcut tothe right of the Template pull-down menu, this will only take you back to the global color template, Petrel Introduction Course User interface © 27