Human Immunodeficiency Virus –

Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome
Discrimination case!
• December 1 every year…..
International Symbol
to fight HIV-AIDS

•Hope
•Care and Concern
•Support
 Pan Troglodytes
Troglodytes (a sub-specie of
chimpanzee)
- Considered as the natural carrier of
the virus

ZOONOSIS
The passage of the virus from
the animals to human beings.
What is HIV-AIDS?
• A virus (poison) does not have a cell
Once inside a host cell, they replicate
and interfere with the cell’s metabolic
activity
They are OBLIGATE INTERCELLULAR
PARASITE (they can only function
when inside a living cell)
• 2 KINDS OF HIV
HIV 1 has 10 sub-types and is
responsible of the global pandemic
HIV 2 has 5 sub-types and is less
infectious
• HIV is a retrovirus
• It stores its genetic composition into single stranded RNA which is converted
into DNA
• It is a LENTIVIRUS
It has long incubation period
Infection to appearance of signs is longer
HIV-AIDS Stages
AIDS Death

Window Sero-conversion asymptomatic symptomatic

2-12 wks. 3-6 mos. 6 mos. – 10 yrs. 4-5 yrs. 6 mos. – 2 yrs.
- period - the period - severe loss
- symptom-free
following the where the body of CD4 cell
initial HIV period
is busy leads to the
infection - viral
producing HIV appearance
- window of replication
anti-bodies of symptoms
time between continues
- very infectious associated
infection and
the stage with HIV
development - test will turn infection
of HIV out positive -
normal/healthy is between 500-1,000 HIV-
antibodies AIDS less than 200 cells
Transmission
 Pre-test Counseling

ELISA

Negative Positive

Repeat ELISA

WBA

HIV Positive
Who should submit for testing??
• Individuals with multiple sex
partners and are not using any
means to minimize transmission
• Those whose partners are tested
positive
• Intravenous drug users who are
sharing needles
• Children born to mothers who are
HIV positive
Drugs for Treatment
a) Anti-retrovirals
1. Nukes (nucleoside) – they
provide faulty DNA
building blocks
2. Non-nukes – they bind the
reverse transcriptease

b) Immune-boosting therapy
- they fortify the immune
system
Prevention

Proper screening of
HIV positive women to
blood products
avoid getting pregnant

Avoid sharing
needles…or better
yet avoid taking
drugs
Prevention trough sex-related cases:

A Abstinence

B Be faithful

C Condom

D Delaying sex
Stay safe everyone…..