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Numerical Analysis (10th Edition)

Chapter 5.2, Problem 3E (1 Bookmark) Show all steps: ON
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The actual solutions to the initial-value problems in Exercise 1 are given here. Compare the
actual error at each step to the error bound.
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Reference: Exercise 1

Use Euler’s method to approximate the solutions for each of the following initial-value problems.
My Textbook Solutions

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Step-by-step solution (1)

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Step 1 of 6

(a) For the initial-value problem Chegg tutors who can help
…… (1)
right now
the given exact solution is
Sridhar
Osmania University… 780
…... (2)

Theorem-1: Raaj
SLIET 987

Suppose f is continuous and satisfies a Lipschitz condition with constant L on

Ryan
University of South… 238
and that a constant M exists with

,
FIND ME A TUTOR
Let , be the approximations generated by Euler’s method for some positive integer
N. Then, for each ,

Here is called error bound for the actual error at any point .

Theorem-2:

Suppose is defined on a convex set , if a constant exists with

, for all .

then f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on D in the variable y with Lipschitz constant L.

Comment

Step 2 of 6

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4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com

Compare the given differential equation (1) with the general form of the initial value problem

to get

Hence by theorem-2

Here L is the maximum value of for .

Again

Since , by theorem-1 .

By using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

Similarly by using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

The following table produces the comparison between actual errors with the error bounds at each
step

(Approximate (Exact (Actual Error Bound

i
values) Values) Error)

1 0.5 0 0.283617 0.283617 11.3938

2 1. 1.12042 3.2191 2.09868 42.3651

(b) For the initial-value problem

…… (1)

the given exact solution is

…... (2)

Theorem-1:

Suppose f is continuous and satisfies a Lipschitz condition with constant L on

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4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com

and that a constant M exists with

Let , be the approximations generated by Euler’s method for some positive integer
N. Then, for each ,

Here is called error bound for the actual error at any point .

Theorem-2:

Suppose is defined on a convex set , if a constant exists with

, for all .

then f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on D in the variable y with Lipschitz constant L.

Comments (1)

Step 3 of 6

Compare the given differential equation (1) with the general form of the initial value problem

to get

Hence by theorem-2

Here L is the maximum value of for .

Again

Since , by theorem-1 .

By using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/Numerical-Analysis-10th-edition-chapter-5.2-problem-3E-solution-9781305253667 3/7
4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com
Similarly by using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

The following table produces the comparison between actual errors with the error bounds at each
step

(Approximate (Exact (Actual Error Bound

i
values) Values) Error)

1 2.5 2. 1.83333 0.166667 0.4295704571

2 3. 2.625 2.5 0.125 1.59726

(c) For the initial-value problem

…… (1)

the given exact solution is

…... (2)

Theorem-1:

Suppose f is continuous and satisfies a Lipschitz condition with constant L on

and that a constant M exists with

Let , be the approximations generated by Euler’s method for some positive integer
N. Then, for each ,

Here is called error bound for the actual error at any point .

Theorem-2:

Suppose is defined on a convex set , if a constant exists with

, for all .

then f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on D in the variable y with Lipschitz constant L.

Comment

Step 4 of 6

Compare the given differential equation (1) with the general form of the initial value problem

to get

Hence by theorem-2

Here L is the maximum value of for .

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4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com
Again

Since , by theorem-1 .

By using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

By using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

Similarly by using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

By using theorem-1 to find the error bound at for ,

we get

The following table produces the comparison between actual errors with the error bounds at each
step

(Approximate (Exact Error Bound

values) Values) (Actual Error)

1 1.25 2.75 2.77893 0.0289294 0.0355032

2 1.5 3.55 3.6082 0.0581977 0.0810902

3 1.75 4.39167 4.47933 0.087661 0.139625

4 2. 5.26905 5.38629 0.117247 0.214785

Comment

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4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com

Step 5 of 6

(d) For the initial-value problem

… (1)

the given exact solution is

... (2)

Theorem-1:

Suppose f is continuous and satisfies a Lipschitz condition with constant L on

and that a constant M exists with

Let , be the approximations generated by Euler’s method for some positive integer
N. Then, for each ,

Here is called error bound for the actual error at any point .

Theorem-2:

Suppose is defined on a convex set , if a constant exists with

, for all .

then f satisfies a Lipschitz condition on D in the variable y with Lipschitz constant L.

Comment

Step 6 of 6

Compare the given differential equation (1) with the general form of the initial value problem

to get

Hence by theorem-2

Here L is the maximum value of for .

Since for , the error bound formula

becomes undefined, so theorem-1 can not be applied to find the error bound.

Comment

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4/3/2018 Numerical Analysis 10th Edition Chapter 5.1 Problem 2E Solution | Chegg.com

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