14 The aati of me producon ature question, Ie longer quite so fashionable to argue fra xed human nature, and such argument ado petit have tken + wool Fal fom heavenly Leens to those amy jungles where ecicbiologits Uisconer thar own smiles eo the faces ef ters and fruit fs. No tera wil be made here 10 agus a tkeory of fixed human nate. ‘Whats interesting is hat sack argumenas have ever proved adequate: from early divs, mak-siream thew hs toyed with the noven thet rman, in fic, Btwn rcutes, The nature cf ese rwo nares bs Been the sec of ends debate. went on if the Athelan als, ard the fotion ef “econ mane” embedded in ordinary lenguate: 1's ‘ecoed nature” 10 stp at «Fed High, '¢ love children, to purue sursita, ond to forth In phlowaphen erms, the Grek ew tha ran fs dicded between his fist hclopea) nature and hs secend cuburl) tre has romsined «enable prpesitien. What hat naver Bees clear ‘nbetter oF aot women havea secead acute, Probably net: ween by Tinue of dir esprodastive fnesom, ate loe:? te eater, and by ‘ortucoftace pasiitybave never tethered to develop ead mate. "Ths a pura shen. The difference between man’s fist nc second aatires i that he makes his own second nature hisorcaly. Tretided im hat hisexcal View of hielf iy his sense of uperionty ‘ver women, ever though the socobilogsts are now defenivey frging that he x Zcrly so supeioe ty virtue of his taal ature, Out analss cf the dsectirs of repmfuctan suggests a mone onetee foundation fee mat's [ek need for wo rhires: ey eMeBE from hie real separaton fiom tho neural world and mom species sootinty. This a hypothess whichis probably work esting, for #18 rela 10 the persisten: daam of mule modes of uncerstnding, to tnhich [bare aady fered, The tet of such a racial hypethess tril aurea rex del of rhilosopheal for and no chim is made we have proved” hee. Yea worn which dhe ned fr reimegratice (wit mare fs becoming rane sd seve apoaret, it may well bea tugert ask, ant one for which imgrated feral: comics is pre= feminenly sed, 2 Sorry, we forgot your birthday “Thats is fry widespread agreement ths the fist umpet call the contemporary romey"s moverat wes sounded in a reverberatng and marvellous Way by Senoae de Beauvar. Le Deusen Sexe appeared in ass it 1949, and drce yeas later hed been ranted into several languages: the Ergish verso, The Secana Ser, vas published in 92" The work became, prepey, an instant clssic, and sine its palliation de Benvair Taw eee pencived as the propletess ‘xtcordinare of feminism, Vet he homage paid co his fine rind has Deen, one suspects, «homage which ce Beawoirherelf must regard in an mons way, fr cnt evacine of beth ho ral projet and her acta acievereat. What she was qute cll up to was the mounting ffs eustinec ater to hy theoretical faundoion for feminism, and for the undersundiag ofthe ground and histor ofthe oppresion of swomen Thin aera simpy how net simulated 4 theesical alu: insead, 2er work hi Deer alestimrune from the creative ereique ‘ox which ices out andihe wtoequertarelancbe offerinit wetings bis tended to rade the sbeoreteal implicates ef de Beauvie's work Shami Fiestore, whose ova work we sall amine in a moment, ‘as rater difdenly uted cbt The Second Ses may nt pits be the etnitive work on the xruunds tt is verhas “knot 0 Sophisticned, too knowedgeible”' Here, Firesune is uncsily ackrowledging on: of the rea dificulies inheeat n the noven of Pais: ifheoy ito he efi has fo he intligle tea wide cup of Aevesies whe do no all uve « phlosphicl education I don't want 19 ‘ar down this proslem, but | con't want, eer, w accede to the65 Serr, 0 jane yaw binkday {nglicsion in Frestons’s remark, whch that gender relations and Mele hisory ere rdaively uncomplkatel afhiis. We an se a ccompanble and instnetwve simian in the socialist movement: the Tendency 0 rede the prodigious paleseplical propositions of Karl ‘Marx 0 few simple-minded slogans has resulted -n the dreary infeitiliies of onbrdony, which ofers a woubling. ccncocbor of intllecsal inertia anal strident ‘revealed’ tnt. ‘One problem here is the encient aid exonecus assumption that profound knowledge i accesible only wo elite superior minds, an, fmpliction which Mais, aS uncompromising egaltarans, must dery. The scnul sination is that rofound keowledge has teen, tHroughout history chss and gender-bound prerogative, « prerogative cefended by, amore ober things, the ality to control the institutons, fang subject maters of edicathn, and the access fo » particular seahviany The salute 10 this prablem, howeer, is not simp 10 «per up ae we education, though tis certinly kelp, no wo simoify the vorahulay,theagh this, too, helps Tis doubsfl thatthe Leninist ration of «“vanguatd! to kad the working class to the fountsirs of ‘vistom and the cerainty of rewlation is practically fective, ihe, Even if this cid work, poltical idzdlogica contol by cles is sill ‘uliaively diferent fom male supremacy oth cases oe fetnism and for sci, there ee bison sterologcal questions ef extraoedinry complexity to be dealt vith, sau as far s5 the thetetal comprehension of male supremacy is foncerned, the tik centainiy is in is very eaaly tages. Therets no.easy ‘ute ite the defendes recoutes of male~sesam thosght: there ssonls the way of intellect effort and criti practice. Simote de Beawvour Tas 176: shsuak foam auch iempivatons So let us take de Beauvoir seriowy, ind on her own ground Turesene argues tha: the complexity of the theortical propositions in “he Sicond Sex comes from the fact that hese are begges down in ‘xistrtaltprecosuations Hf thi is tc, the contest siticalepprach ‘ould be to specify mer essentials tenet: and ihen subject then to systematic critique. Fizstone doesnot do this; he imal obverves tha ce Renivoir ean toa Heavis n Sartre Tobe sue, it a maior rony of de Beauvoir’ work that she is hers crical of Women vho accep: nqvetioningly the plosoptues and Weoories of male ascites, while she docs rather amcritcally embrace Sanre’s brane of Sor, 0 forgot sour biahdey 67 ist_philosophy. She dacs, however, ace that philosophy’ ‘Neither the German rrogentors of ths philsonhy nor the French connection rer waver in their fursuit of authentic Mar Heidegger's Daven never tanscencs Daz Mem; ander Frara Fanon’s white mask isa blackman s face; and the presiding but depressingly STuswve Muse of exsteatals coes is Frederich Newche’s Superman, Te scens that Men Alene is @ figure of profound, tragic and ncble philosophic signiicasce, whule woman alone is awelfare prootcm. De Beannoir is explicitly in teellion against the gerdericassumpsions of tisentialsn, but she wants women to share the ues forthe awe humas life ather than question the concent of authentcity itself, with its exteme indiidualst and suDjcive biases. A tanher cmbsgsity in The Sicond Soe, which Firesione roves, is that de Beeavoir wits a hstory of womer basel on tie furdarmenal postubis that women have no Sitory. Thit is net so contaditary a¢ restore tirks, fr what de Beauvoir i actly aging is chat the actin of ‘taking history’, which is also the aking of values, is an ‘essential component of authenticity, and that women have et men make their history and thet values for them. These story is shot throngh with their acceptance of miscuire values. In the exiemtias view of thing, this continues "bad faith” Bad faiths the inacevity invoed the refusal to ‘make oneself” ffedy and resporsbly, preferring the passive aciptance ofthe deisiton of ane’ reality proposed ay thers, [None the les, bad Sah is something rather more complex than amere cop cut. Tt has an cotologial foundation restrg in the itrarigent uaism perceived as inherent in whe humm concen. De Benuvcir does not question the actalty of this pervasive naton af duulism, Wwhict Thane suggested tay be aspecifealy masculine expeceas, She fccepts due ar a cornmon human experience, and atempts to give Tmeanng to genderic Qvsins in the ight of dis universal nead for ‘mediation cf she dualism inherent in the human coaditine. Ske believes that fhe tora ard cukural manifests of human attempts to rmedlte the ualim of enperence are ontologicaly roted, are implicit fn wtat it nears “to be", bat tha the medintng consciousteses wach Ihave tsied to do something ahot their factored reaites have been smascline consciousreses. Women and ticir female consiousese> fre Frimendnlly Other, pl have heen abjes of male mediation, one pole ofthe inransigert dvs of male/female, rather than subjects68 Sorry, ce frgt your birthday astivey mediating their own subjectively experienced duit. If de Beauvoir i to be criticized, itis her model of common, dasist but endecicall; dif_remiated Consciousness which must be comidered Seiowsly, «md ber imintenve uhat wore i yximordialls Oxber, an jobeci and never subject in her historical development: ore lovely leg fof @ dualsm which sie somehow stares whh men who have ‘courageous ang frely faced up tothe -isky job of mediating their two- legged exisenna tae. ‘As dualism is perceved as ‘natural’, the medation which men must perform to overcome this condition takes the form of resstence 10 naure, and de Beawor argues that the sigificant movement in masculine histor is axt-plyts, that trae values have been crested in the cause of a historical sirugele to cvercame nature. Life by ise, without humanlr crewee valves, can have no meating, and the re- Creation oflifeisbut the indless urge ofthe species o pest, without even the consciousness of persisting ir rae What staids herween swomen and the knowing recognition of the significance of temporality 1 predictably, reproductive process, which mikes women dependest fon mn and obsres their knowledge of themselves at histerical beings. ‘They remain immured in mater proccss, by definiton iratioral. De Beacveit' version ofthe dali of the hurmancandticn posts « spice between mere biclogical fife and ‘erisence”, uindersioal as 4 unity of reponsble creative experience and subjective understanding of this sxperence. The Key concept in undersundiny this disinction atween Me and existence is ‘transcendence’. Man transcends his animal aatire ty hs abibty Jor projection, apparently 12 ats doable sense, He devises ‘projects’ and ‘projects a future, thus deveoping the Sense of tine which the notion ofa future implis. He is able ro do this because he is inventive and unrestrained by the ‘painfil ordeal of childs? which to worren in prehistoric socieies, must have ‘seemed ‘useless or even troublesome acident”* Birth, de Beauvoir claims, was never perctived as so important in primitive forms of human osiey 3 menval labour This wae hecsuse the seF-evident seed 19 provile fond ard shelter ensured shat man was forced into creative Activity. Ging birth, acconfing 1 de Reavvsir ix met an activity i the hheman serse, and caries with it no pride of wk ate the recovery of femle reveloniry tiswrs, whih sects the notion that women are and ieays tave een plially unconscious; et awareness of the prosiems of the transformation of coRsicusnes le isienc cn the focal sigiicnce ef repmdacten; and ber undestandine of the poricube form of gender appession wich emerges from caiaist Property rcatioas, The weakness of her were & theoretical. She 5 rtcal ofthe shortcoming of Nankm, but never develope thew of bistory or comcicusnes by which te ask of working out “he precise felaioostin berween the patriarchal dominance of men owes wemen, tnd the wtoyerty relations ‘which come. from this’, might be ‘comprehended Pexlap th ital tp is neleced: the comprehension fof the felatnship of men amd women in is orginal hisbrical Sewlopmecnt, Rovtorham appears w despair of such an enteric, towing 10 the obscurity «Che origins ef suc reletionsips. Thi Firestone’s pouton tox The whole argument abou early rsuinear socete, itis claimed, i reevant w comtemporary problems. Romborbam argues th Mundsar in genera, whe providisg an ‘nleguate historical analysis of modes of production and 2 vabd emtique Sr capital, has file to parair Engels’ view of the sec Fomative aspects of production and reprocucton, ot to clay the Teladorsp beiweer these procssoat ang the soil maifesitns. She falls for shear rvonsideration ofboth the process and reatosships fof prodon and reprodhclon, but, © noted, docs ut Renelf eer & alecteal analysis of such relationships Hisurialy her wok is fmaluable, jist 26, anthopologcaly, Evelyn Rocd's work, to be dscussed Islet, i provocative and imponamy inforaative, Wha: is lacking in beth writes 8 theovetca) model which might buh conprchend a femiit commitment to Mares and, atthe sate time, fprvide the noteral base for the connon thar productive and Feovodkative Sinctione canrot be simply collapsed into the citch of Froblermivaly dinktical‘subsmactar ‘Shuai Mcqsione tackles the problem: yrecenved by, dinktical snacesalsen by simoly rontiiag pstages from Engels tc demonstrate thot his deflation ef historia ste iasn om, but could inch, 2 more acceptable cognizance of the histouical fore of the relations of28 So, fort gone bidday prediction This procedure hat the effect of canlatg the wo roceses, Heanor Burke Leicock, in though inoduction w & recent reissue of Engeles classic, clk once more for theoretical nderundire, without which, the ia, the women'® movement mey isso in ad confrontations and iraconal rage The dieses of Marxist roses” lemirsim ae thrsfld. Fst, thete general agreement that captals) society is inramsigeniy atriarchal, and thatthe coveaion of the exploaton of women sould {teste msinnourtile rotlems for cape, whch is dependent on fie form of cheap and/or sped labour, eth an nner and the ‘ural ican of chevy and pracce a6 the esenial prerecuste of stlecie socal charge # cctee! Thin, there a geneva sense that Manas theery sell 6 wots equate Fass for ferumst Frans. The protien to sqec'y what revisions ae necessary, anae the hiserical base for Sich 2 essen tnd te catty he fat Sich a vision can procead without the ‘cestniction f Marx's ova theeetcal achievements Firevoneatemns to evade these problens hy supesting a seecive approach. Marx's geneml theory of hitry 1s 0 be apprmached in a Nery gnided way in view ef tS econumic determinism and male reicice, while the daletial ‘methndista he retained, The Miseoic of Sex eieyed a hrge teadenhp znd a considerate infuence in the ‘arly cays oF the cartersporay North American finist movement Firestone exends fot logica conciaion ce Beauvar's view tat the ‘sent bass of vomen's infeviory les in the immapem asta of ‘Caldbearing. As its tae case, Fisstone args, tha social ieioriy rests upon biobey vhich is isransgen, thea cleery women's {keratin depends on the trnscendence of biclogy. Modern sence (Cer ot only the choice for women a 10 beter or por ww bear ‘dren, bat the resibiity of release from chilibearingalogeiher, by Neen of extta~uerine preeMy and ceveloped MEMS’ of technologal repreducton of he human species. Indeed, we have now seen the mak-corroed miei sing the forth suherms of the fis luave ew work, but she does ins corey, that women wil soe Soy, ee fot sow brates 79 lave the chsice between bearing cildren or ccqairing cyberneically rodvced infats She atcmpts to develop theoretcal bass fr ths Trelutonary event, compourded ofa reed hbtorial ‘alec’ and ‘consecration of perchoanast shorn of Freud’s ralesupremicst Gstorions. She is too astute, and perhaps too bored. by Ondpal [Seceos e argue imply that Nolo i emo desany ; be wants 19 prarshal her arguen’ fcr feminist revelation on 2 more sophisticated ‘hecroical funder which insonpocote the ‘good! Mare ant the ‘fecepiable’ Frew Ono! the caieites of herunevenlyluninoes and cqinobe beck i tat having svtempted ths, she then abandoss her Cnbryonic theory. Finally, her ergument for the aboiuor of biobeial iRorodhction rests co claim that “pregnancy is tarbure and that nildtinh hans?” Any cspate shou: ths cen be attuted 0 = male haunt censpincy ruber than women’s tes exprisnce. Ths i & ther ulierian anton, chidbiah w sevad of plese and is wholly fein. every Honinum woud appear to bea rate stable thecretial rnentor than Karl Mere Tierot disputable tat some are new able to chosse wether oF not to bine chibiten, though tys choice i circumscribed ty netonal, ‘dase and relgion. Women S abity io mike sucva choices clearly an ‘sent of encematn hiss! sgufcance. None the ss, the reader of The Dilecteof Sov mgt well fe some misiings stout Ftesore's rather nae retace on technology and it should be rove tha: her ‘clectvity in the slopton of Maret cone=ptsappeas w fave reectee the analytic conoptofaherssion. She daes net address the auesion of Sow mechanizeé repmsacion can transcend the Fuman action ‘shore in mechanised peedction in general Moce imporre thar ‘hese constrains, frm beth a theoretical and practical serpin Firesme’s une ofthe “method? of alectes. She considers ta al vocial coniradicnun emerges ftom sexual division, tha: the man/ ‘Soman, yav/yang feats 1 te row of tc dsiesea mn yuma biter. In cher words, she doesnot araose te rdationsip of The process of feacUcson And reproduction, but sulsitucs guadeic Aeterminss for economic deweminian, en divorce gendsric antagoisms fom any material suru favour of an abstr functional dchourry. The cjposiion male/female seca asthe tre basis of dudiam vhich pemmeases weve thous ‘Whileasimk ception of tale ang emae is significant in umarations, t nary accounts for the longevty of male supremacy, Frrenone confuses mere dichtomy for dinlectzalcoraradistion. Sece trlicensss does rot command. adation, snd cpposies can be seenplomentaly coexistert Hot docs nec take acon to media its cation to coll. Pitedone aotes the opjesive basis of sexu Aifereninior; reproducive processes are corm bila proceses, bu are at the same Ge eeterivaly differed. Ste is Jes sacessial in denorsimting in theoreical tems why chs Aiferenintior 1s ae a dialectical ompestion, or how itis mediated in secio-nsorial terms. She rects menhistnry of the Herelan and peu varety,and she's especial scomful ol Eros and Thansts: i therloee site sarprang tat her own they af her campenes = struggle of 2 couple of abstractions which she call the ‘Aesietic Principle? ani the “Technologcal Panciple™2! She dae aot, however, ppeat io corsicer these term: 10 be abtractons, en the grounds the they are rooted in the ‘meri rosea of the sal diferenntion inheren in blogkalrepreducion. Alen permit women w artipte in suv goveraed oy dhe ast pepe, but keep the thing ‘rnciné to temsclves, thus gaining enormous advacays in tanh Sex gue ara ss sage The realy of class sul se 1 vEich ieesone does concede sve valid, shough it cemais a growth from, ‘he funfameral sexual dichotomy The aif theoretical section of Firestone’ work might be cll the tevaliauen of meahistry bs motahecry. Fistone is sot, and does act chim 0 be, 2 hisorian. A carey and derisive accoust of ‘American bourgeois feranism serves her san adequate voice fee the demontraion of the working of the dialectic of sex tzcugs human story. In her dacussn of the joint cxpction of women and stiles, she roams 2 ile fither back in time. *Let's review the Akvelyruent ode nuclear fey ~ and ip conscuct dood ~ from the Middle Aes tothe present’ she proposes. This “eview” ecapies rine pages, wich are both racy and renable. They are, however, fury vufcient grounds for hee coment, proposed in an apycoving vay, tha the new social frras hich he feminirevoluton i 0 inate Sul have a medieval sa Karl Mare fae Been accaed, with some Atifiction, af wederey wo ideale fetal eal wlan, but he netone’s mos! intersting passages are reed to her beef, stared Surry, we fret sour birthday 81 ty offer feminist writers, thatthe aon ermity benieen Marsss sed Freadiins is inimical € the formalstion of a slid therenical Epproech to gendeie relations, Freud tells more soot the pesenal devinacivenese of Bourgas fry slats than Mane ed Enges do Marz and Engels prowde a theoretical model of hstory 28 siaggle footed inthe material corcione offi, but neglect the indsich Fryche. Firetone etenps « historical ambit of sex retions in ‘fersho-senu tm. Ile stall to! the above. menioned poi if atsractions, Nothetis Pavile nd Technocgical Principe, hich overs histiny These ate principles which Freed fated wo recopize, ‘te chims, mistaking trem for Eiey and Thanaics, Lreels amply Anpawrises Ue i te ieee coxezptor of choo acu Tirestoneasites to do forthe cal rebnioes of seprodion what ‘Marx di for the relatiss of prockclon. This is in fact an ier, tusk for feminst schobship, ané the cent cence of this book Firestone nt be commended ft tANng A AM=UE erterehe terculy, anderen though ner theeriarg is inconsistent, iS an imporant sep in the colecive hitenca tisk of dewiperg lemnst theory. Many analysis took the Meine of an inellecal gist and several fat volumes, anditis nt reuoaabl to expect hat Frestone, age rmenty-tive, can peodvec, in ter. and a bal pages ph a dingram, 2 rephiskated dialectical analyas. In fact, Prestone’s view of the ‘entralcihm’ whee in sexual eaonshira is dated in one bref semence: “The Giologial fly ib ax indetendy uncqus! rower isrituion’.” a clase insance of the use of dat which isto be ‘explained to exphin a, “The conception of seul rbot i ems ef power rots sm aricke of faith wih mary feninis. Power ib net, of curse, relevant to ther poicl or sees sini, Fat power sch ea Aetracion which can only be rerceredazalytcaly useful fits even 2 Imateral bate aad + hitoicl content Heesene dors nee succeed in bing this in etsfactary way. The conection bewween the biclogical brave tnd hs cencepnatzation asa power relaionaly remains obscure To hi, it & sevice tht “the bregical family is an inherently Uavogual powcr ssuibuioa?, This ne eFered merely as an expiris! bbseration of citer cimtemporsry or bitoricd fumly reltionshps in fecal societies. AS Sih, ft would be vid desripion: i i efered, however, ase theoretical generalization whichis © sccount for the82 Sor we ree you widen story of mae supuenacy and celate thet history woa maeral base The poser, ef curses hut the elation of male sexuality 1 Dover 8 no: Sefeevident What ve cated the Poteney Fence a comptes ‘phenomenon, which has impertant pobrical inpiatns, bat i hs = the in male reproductive experience uhich mest be analysed and no: simply stent Firctones insane on sexual rations a «primordial unequal power srugg leads her to an tema negate genre di [eiein eo, Seeditinstion sto be ‘emanated. What vil cute, ever to Mavit tery, i classe a hitrica’ and Cultural cresion. What sex siugate mst eiminac, acorday 1 [Frestoze, isa biobgical discon upen which hisury has feseoned neuroses. This wil then reduce the new cnitora sysem whic Fresane cals ‘eytemene society. Women mist there or aspire 10 “the sezute of coma oF reprofucion= not only fall vesoratan of covnersip of thei own bode, Bat aio tho temporary) seznre of antic of humen fethy'* “The bracketed. temporary)” is Dpresumbly inspire by Mares moon of the prolearn, Firestone admis ta: hot grescnpticrs for be reaant sei) ate Ulan. She brigh, but, as always, topianism bas itsbasi in thoreical inadequate. In the last ana, Firestone wants women tw becore men, wath vazue impucation dha the absene of sata e3 Bid, pas® 216 Hoe > » Bs x Wid, ps4 Ibid, pp. tor 4 Bid pres Engk's wort mur is hevic, consicering fe ceedhcr noch ieee ianaly semimntal sein hs cee MAY iy (French ngs, Tee Coron of ihe arto Clos England Lend, 1969) pp 73-0. He bey al Fee ommmerato note icorias inesbot woven iv adn ofthe svere eso map abou an women harnnngoks up te the four 0! conemet ined a hausheres, nest of tore ind dicen indferenc, ‘etal dhe of fai He, wn denerataon'“h,p 298) weve eer be or Marx wat coer mane tout coeupson “ln. Werbal, Conmssoner Horne sean sigpsample poof ot ise t ‘hee eit 0 moral seat among the woskew” (i, > 259. "The ‘spit mole df pktion produces ts the 42ecioraton of hun ibor-pewer by obey tats atl rand pins codons 9° Arvdoprot and funion” (Kari Mars, Capral (New Yerk, 1906, Vou ty Me, Uh X, Satie Vp 2g2) Aum potion pu my ‘ancomprnking in Noyr Barter (Marmondevorh 196). Milky Soe! Peay po 385-3 Tid, 14 (i Pugs Ree, Women aad Seca (New Yet, 1510. ‘The ques of wos’ ron oe ane Feo rail» open stdeng das seals a he dederatin of warp 3 pile ful afin fr wore dwt comeurthe 1407 Sunpartmsctra cf tbe That. The ih rea let by Gara Zea, ors eer accu sf hoe eve and fatal amis of be kek stale Cshesivakia, se Ha Scot Do: Soclin Liberte omer? Bid, p33 id) p49 ta hid, ». 137 Tins ae are che, nu hve werner werk Nas een ingore nd et fore 6 ha the ork ef theese een T Hoe! he Lora Cars, Angeh Mile, Dvetsr Seth Ang Mie's oval distruten andyse te raion of delopiag thr and fen atin, Are Bes, “The ais of Fins Does a7 ncn; «dyin igs fein (anpubiad, Unter of ‘Terono, 1875) oe a sash and ich sy of the Ingen of patron, act ‘posal oy s msonalznon of old obigaua, see Gorden EiSeke, Priontalie se Peta! Thar (New Vat 1998) 2 Fors cus ide muizal uct of nth se Nonirep Fie, New deans fom old. Henry A Muay Ce) Moti and Myihnahng Coste, 1958, 98.1 15°32 The nor tl the young coup tht hey nay hve a bance fue a ‘Peete ce sth but ey i'You cant on cumgse wach ou hee tx secre Gea-Jcases Reuse, Brel (London, 1911), 9.40) ‘Fhe esemplay iacatoas bash ae 0 Be embed te Eze govt Remsen sec of are ha Ue boy The Aerlas wer a Roman are omy ef sucn wen and nest dae they Dae sb Proe ac pve he Eels sc French hnguep the wer "erm? pepe 4 Halwemicel fom Mary Wallesosct he ovarian vot, Vndarion i Bhs of Han (New York, 1563) hid sau)“ lone am win def Se fos cen and Sones tm ta ev ae nes Bs 6 Georg Armarony Ket Maem, Plice and Hieory (Camide, 69) 7 Tid gp. 290-1 8 Most nb know, of cain Aagat Bats Woes Unde Soa (New York, 197.) Fue wl teem waigas of be cay 2cast ‘erawe, se epcally Hea Scen, Does Solin Libeve Wenen? iosen, 1935) m0 Mma Henge! Women ond Sue Soci Sex Inept othe Sout Uion and Czechlenaie (Mente, 1676). 4 1 irendl 2 dod vik Aol’ most wnbiiut sod Th onan Goudrion (New Werk, 1959). to dp get Ha the tf ber fotos Ard chaos tht ic niga ine ana faunas thus wo dive which of de two ial versone of cretion = fated. Jes of Naan cere UUnnew 197 cane in mde ces he fem, whe Pal ke [Adami ip reroa. Arne dis dat act be Joos aur te Ft ‘esi, hie sabaionsts pier the ssond, 10 tat the “afaence ‘ndcnes mich me tom a dfstent tole oe vle of women” TheContents ‘Acknowledgments Inosketbe 1 The dialectics of reproduction 29 2 Sorry, we forgo: your birhdas 65 2 The public and private realms 93 4 Creativity and proereativity 116 {Production and reproduction 140 6 Alenstion and invearation 185 owes 22 iow 227 Index 255