Layer Organs FATE Function

Ectoderm Adhesive glands ventral suckers Attachment, functional mouth

and locomotor organ
Auditory Vesicles Inner Ear Hearing
Corneal Epithelium Cornea of the eyes plays an important role in
focusing your vision.
Dorsal fin Limb bud Locomotion
Epipharyngeal Hair follicles, teeth generate the distal portion of the
placode ganglia of cranial nerves VII, IX
and X
Infundibulum Neuropophysis Source of Pituitary Gland
Lens Placodes Eye lens helps to refract light to
be focused on the retina.
Mesencephalon Uppermost part of pathway of nerve tracks
brain stem
Olfactory specialized epithelial tissue
epithelium of the inside the nasal cavity that is
nose involved in smell.
Nasal Cavities, opens into the nasal cavity and
External Nares allow the inhalation and
exhalation of air.
Neural Crest cells Ganglia of cranial the cranial nerve ganglia are
and spinal nerves either parasympathetic or
sensory ganglia of the cranial
nerves.
Melanophores pigment-containing and light-
reflecting cells, or groups of cells,
found in a wide range of animals
Adrenal Medulla consisting of cells that
secrete epinephrine (adrenaline),
norepinephrine (noradrenaline),
and a small amount
of dopamine in response to
stimulation
by sympathetic preganglionic
neurons.
Visceral Skeleton consists of cartilage and
endochondral bone.
comprises the three ear ossicles
(i.e., incus, malleus, and stapes),
as well as the alisphenoid, the
styloid process, the hyoid
apparatus, and the thyroid
cartilage.
Neural Tube Anterior: Brain serves as the center of the
nervous system in all vertebrate
and most invertebrate animals.
 Posterior: Spinal functions primarily in the
Cord transmission of nerve signals
from the motor cortex to the
body, and from the afferent
fibers of the sensory neurons to
the sensory cortex. It is also a
center for coordinating many
reflexes and contains reflex arcs
that can independently control
reflexes and central pattern
generators.
Optic Cups Retina (Thick Layer) Creates a focused two-
dimensional image of the visual
world on the retina, which
translates that image into
electrical neural impulses to the
brain to create visual perception,
the retina serving much the
same function as the film
Iris (Thin Layer) responsible for controlling the
diameter and size of the pupil
and thus the amount of light
reaching the retina. Eye color is
defined by that of the iris. In
optical terms, the pupil is the
eye's aperture, while the iris is
the diaphragm.
Pineal Gland Pineal Body produces melatonin, a serotonin-
derived hormone which
modulates sleep patterns in both
circadian and seasonal cycles.
Proctodeum Cloacal membrane covers the embryonic cloaca
during the development of the
urinary and reproductive organs.
Prosencephalon Telencephalon the dorsal telencephalon, or
pallium, develops into the
cerebral cortex, and the ventral
telencephalon, or subpallium,
becomes the basal ganglia.
Diencephalon consists of structures that are on
either side of the third ventricle,
and includes the thalamus, the
hypothalamus, the epithalamus
and the subthalamus.
Stomodeum Mouth Opening opening through which many
animals take in food and issue
vocal sounds.
 Optic Stalks Connects optic cup to
prosencephalon
Medulla Oblongata Cranial Nerve V provide sensation to the skin of
the face and also controls the
muscles of mastication
(chewing).
“ “ VI coordinate eye movement.
“ “ VII Facial Expression
“ “ VIII responsible for innervating the
vestibules and semicircular canal
of the inner ear; this structure
transmits information about
balance, and is an important
component of the
vestibuloocular reflex, which
keeps the head stable and allows
the eyes to track moving objects.
“ “ IX provides sensory innervation to
the oropharynx and back of the
tongue.
““X has a sympathetic functionvia
the peripheral chemoreceptors.
Rhombencephalon Cerebellum Plays an important role in motor
control. It may also be involved
in some cognitive functions such
as attention and language as well
as in regulating fear and pleasure
responses.
Telencephalon Ventricular System interconnected cavities
(ventricles) in the brain, where
the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
produced. Within each ventricle
is a region of choroid plexus, a
network of ependymal cells
involved in the production of
CSF.
Olfactory Lobes detection of hazards,
pheromones, and food. It
integrates with other senses to
form the sense of flavor.
Ventral Fin Tail Bud Locomotion
Mesoderm Conotruncus Right Ventricle Collect and expel blood received
from an atrium towards the
peripheral beds within the body
and lungs.
Dorsal Aorta give branches to the yolk-sac,
and are continued backward
 through the body-stalk as the
umbilical arteries to the villi of
the chorion.
Dorsal either of two tubular
Mesocardium prolongations of the epicardium
that enclose the aorta and
pulmonary trunk and the venae
cavae and pulmonary veins.
1st Aortic Arch Blood vessels transports blood throughout the
human body.
Notochord Degenerates except Will form into vertebral discs
for Nucleus
Pulposus
Pericardium Covers the entire heart
Pronephric Kidneys Kidneys Filters blood and causes the
body to bulge lateral as the
pronephric ridge
Somites Sclerotomes forms the vertebrae and the rib
cartilage and part of the occipital
bone
Myotome forms the muscles of the animal.
Also divides into an epaxial part
(epimere), at the back, and a
hypaxial part (hypomere) at the
front.
Dermatome gives rise to the skin (dermis).
Ventricle Systole- Contracts
Diastole-Relax
*Lateral plate of the Somatic Parietal pericardium a double-walled sac containing
mesoderm the heart and the roots of the
great vessels
Splanchic Endocardium controls myocardial function.
This modulating role is separate
from the homeometric and
heterometric regulatory
mechanisms that control
myocardial contractility.
Myocardium forms a thick middle layer
between the outer layer of the
heart wall (the epicardium) and
the inner layer (the
endocardium).
Endoderm Duodenum Pylorus and Where food passes to the
Stomach intestine
Pancreas and Pancreas
Gallbladder
 Proteases -Secretes digestive
enzymes (trypsin and
chymotrypsin)
Pancreatic amylase - which helps
to digest sugars (carbohydrates).
Pancreatic lipase - which helps to
digest fat.

Gallbladder- Stores BIle

Hindgut Ascending colon Cecum- Absorption of fluid and
and cecum salts
Asc. Colon- Carries Feces
Midgut Small intestine Digestion
Liver Secretes Bile (aids the digestion
of lipids in the small intestine.)
Pharynx Pharynx makes up the part of the throat
situated immediately behind the
nasal cavity, behind the mouth
and above the esophagus and
larynx.
Pharyngeal Pouch form on the endodermal side
between the pharyngeal arches.
The pharyngeal grooves (or
clefts) form the lateral
ectodermal surface of the neck
region to separate the arches.
Cloacal Membrane Anus to control the expulsion of feces,
unwanted semi-solid matter
produced during digestion,
which, depending on the type of
animal, may include: matter
which the animal cannot digest.
Oral Membrane Mouth opening through which many
animals take in food and issue
vocal sounds.