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INDEX

GEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN SOUTHERN PERU MACRO ..................... 2

INTRODUCTION ............................................... .................................... …..2

II. OILFIELD IN THE MACRO-REGION SOUTH OF PERU ....................................... .3

III. Metallogenesis MACRO REGION IN THE SOUTH OF PERU ................................. 5

.TIPOS IV DEPOSITS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ......................................................... 7

V. MINING AND PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN PERU MACRO REGION ..................... ... 8

SAW. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 8

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... .8

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GEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN THE REGION SOUTH OF PERU MACRO

I. INTRODUCTION

Rocks and minerals is essential part of geology in southern Peru Macro-region are vital in their uses and
industrial applications. These are used in today's technology geopolitical and geoeconomic and strategic
resources in different economic subsectors such as construction, chemical, mining and metals sector,
agro-industry and the environment. According to technological advancement and human need innovate new
uses, which will be applied in various industries. The MacroSur region accounts for 30% of the distribution of
occurrences and quarrying of rocks and minerals in Peru, which has been verified 21%. Production of these
materials is small but varied, mainly confined to the production of calcareous materials, silica, clays, gypsum, and
ornamental rocks, targeting different industries. For analysis of market, the development achieved by mining and
related to the consumption of these resources and their derivatives described industries. From the point of view of
potential production trend and trade, there are prospects for development, in order to encourage investment in
activities related to the exploitation of its resources activities

And at the same time include the mineral wealth of Peru has its origins in the tectonic processes of lifting the
Andes, melting and high mineral substances for the layers of the cortex surface, which is mainly deposited in
deposits polymetallic mineral, spread over the mountains. Economic mineral in Peru are metal, but less
exploited also non-metallic minerals such as clays, salts, among others. Then it will be the geological potential
of the macro southern region, comprising the regions of Apurimac, Arequipa, Moquegua, Ica, Puno, Tacna and
Cusco. mining projects that promote greater economic development of these regions will be presented.

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II. RESERVOIRS IN THE REGION MACRO-- - SOUTHERN PERU

Deposits of rocks and minerals in the Macro Southern Region --- are associated with: magmatic
processes, which led to plutonic and volcanic rocks; Sedimentary processes, both in marine and
inland; and metamorphic processes (Figure 1).

In the Basal Complex Costa of Precambrian age, consisting Migmatites, gneiss, granites, and pegmatite
(high feldspar, quartz and muscovite), feldspar gradually explodes. Puno, is the batholite Coasa,
comprising granites, which have plagioclase feature that gives a unique beauty and can be used as an
ornamental stone. Volcanic rocks are mainly located in the Western Cordillera and the Altiplano,
covering large areas. by Barroso groups, Tacaza, and Toquepala and Palca Picotani Huaylillas, Maure,
Sencca, Quenamari, among other formations they are represented. They are characterized by volcanic
flows and pyroclastic material. These units host and minerals such as sulfur, barytes, borates, pozzolan,
pumice,

It processes associated with sedimentary deposits have formed in shallow marine environments, such
as sandstones of the Yura Group; Carbonate Reservoir as Copacabana and Mold groups, Socosani
Guaneros, Peeled, Gramadal, Arcurquina, Ayabacas and Chilcane formations; the latter formed in
evaporite environment, giving rise to deposits of gypsum and salt. In continental environments,
boratíferos deposits occur in endorheic basins associated with volcanic environments. Diatomite
deposits in lacustrine basins are formed during the upper Cenozoic deposits such as Uzuna and
Chihuata in Arequipa. There are recent Quaternary deposits of travertine, Puno. They also use slate,
marble and quartzite as ornamental rocks. In Arequipa, slates given in lutáceos horizons Yura Group,

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Figure 1. Areas of occurrences of the main rocks and minerals in the Macro- region - - Southern Peru

Figure 2. Occurrences and quarrying of rocks and minerals in the southern regions of Peru diagram based on
information collected in the field during the years 2010 to 2015

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III. Metallogenesis MACRO REGION IN THE SOUTH OF PERU

➢ SUPERIOR MIDDLE JURASSIC

The oldest deposits are currently in the Coast Range and correspond to deposits
porphyry copper and oxides of Fe-Cu - Au. Au situated oxide Cocachacra - only
reference to the age of a Fe-Cu deposit is made. It corresponds to the system of grain
CuAu Rosa Maria (Aunt Maria). Further north, in Ica deposits of this age are known,
such as the Mina Justa and other Cu mineralization in Marcona.

➢ LOWER CRETACEOUS

The most important deposits of this period correspond to the oxides of Fe-Cu - Au, which
are mainly Tacna and Ilo, where veins of iron in iron lips and Cerro Pelado are housed in
dioritics granitoides to granodioritics injected by a diorite plutonic 105 Mi. In Ilo, the
mineralization of Cu - Au in Santiago, Valparaiso and Licona which means leucocratic
granodiorite pluton 100-105-tonalitic my age. Only porphyry Cu Lower Cretaceous is known,
along with Cu Au deposits of the same age.

➢ UPPER CRETACEOUS

Within this perspective metallogenic time is Angostura located 37 km from the OS of

Arequipa. Aligned with the mineralization of this age is the Zafranal project, located 75 km
from the Angostura leaflet no. This leaflet has a copper mineralization philic and the layer
rich leachate hematite area alteration oxides and a quartz stockwork - limonite.

➢ Paleocene MIDDLE AND LOWER-MIDDLE EOCENE

Metallogenic middle Eocene Paleocene and lower sashes are of great economic importance
worldwide, as there is greater porphyry plant Cerro Verde / Santa Rosa, Toquepala and Cuajone
Quellaveco. This fascia along the Pacific slope along the Andes and extends from SW Peru
Chile with one length greater than 1500 kilometers. The oldest deposit corresponds to Cerro
Verde, followed by Toquepala and Cuajone, Quellaveco

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Figure 1 Map of metallogenic epochs of Moquegua Region

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IV. TYPES OF DEPOSITS AND FEATURES

➢ Porphyry Cu-MO
The porphyry copper are large mineral deposits of highly dispersed Cu, low grade and
high tonnage. They are genetically related to "epizonal" .The most important porphyry
copper and representative corresponds to: Toquepala, Cuajone and Quellaveco, Cerro
Verde / Santa Rosa. Another porphyry like Los Calatos, Chapi, San Jose, Angostura,
Santa Catalina and Zafranal is also aligned with mega porphyry and exhibit the same
characteristics.

➢ Oxide deposits FE-CU-AU

Fe-Cu oxides - Au deposits are defined primarily by their high content of magnetite or
hematite. In the Cordillera de la Costa, mineralization is vein and tunics along the stretch
TacnaMatarani systems where volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Middle Jurassic
Cretaceous plutons and dikes upper and lower Jurassic intruders. The most
representative is: Cerro Canicora (Cu-Au), iron (Fe) Morrito, Licona, Santiago, Valparaiso
and Rosa Maria (Cu, Au).

➢ DEPOSITS FILONIAN POLYMETALLIC

Have associations of Cu- (Zn-Pb-Ag-Mo-Au) and Cu (Pb-AG), their powers range from 0.4
to 1.5 m. Hostesses in Coastal Batholith correspond to intrusive and are mainly in the
districts of Tacna Palca and Ilabaya rocks.

➢ skarn

They are deposits of metasomatic substitution is characterized by the presence of mineral

calcosilicateds faneritics coarse Ca, Fe, Mg and MN. selectively replace carbonated
calcareous clastic sedimentary rocks and may be associated with metal mineralization W,
Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Fe-Ca and lower Au-AG.

Its location is in Tacna, in the sector of occurrences Caplina-Ataspaca skarn found in

Taracahua (Zn, Pb, Cu), Ricardina (Pb, Zn, Cu) and mantle (Cu, Mo) Green (Ingemmet,
2000).

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V. MINING AND PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN PERU MACRO REGION

In Moquegua projects Quellaveco (4,880 million dollars), as Los Calatos (918 million) and San
Gabriel (500 million).

Four mining projects are concentrated in Arequipa: Pampa de Pongo (2,000 million dollars),
Zafranal (1,157m), Tia Maria (1,036,000) and Don Javier (600 million).

In Cusco, quechuas projects ($ 850 million), Tintaya Expansion Antapaccayintegración

Coroccohuayco (590 million) and Accha (346 million).

Corani mining projects in Puno (625 million dollars), are Macusani (300 million), Ollachea
(180 million), waste recycling in San Rafael mining unit (165m) and Santa Ana (71 million)
.While Tacna provides for the expansion of the Toquepala mining unit (550 million.

SAW. CONCLUSIONS
The south of Peru currently represents 67% of national production of copper, which is the main export
product of the country's copper.

Industrial minerals increased production in the southern region --- Macro borates are aimed at the
chemical industry; silica and coquina, directed to copper smelting; limestone, clay, pozzolan, plaster,
aggregates and ornamental rocks (marble, flagstone, ashlar, onyx and travertine) for construction, due
to urban expansion of these cities and road infrastructure in the last decade.

The macro southern region of Peru concentrated mining investment projects, which represents 55% of
the total investment portfolio in mining. The impact of these projects could reduce poverty levels to
about 5%.

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Diaz, A., Collins, M., Ramirez, J. 2010. Study geológico-- - economic of rocks and industrial minerals in
the regions of Moquegua and Tacna. INGEMMET Bulletin, Series B: Economic Geology, v. 26, 168 p.

http://cienciageografica.carpetapedagogica.com/2011/09/principales-mineralesyyacimintos.htm l.

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