FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE/GRAPHENE

OXIDE BASED POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL) NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES

FOR PERVAPORATION DEHYDRATION OF ETHANOL

I. Abstract
1. rgo/pva membrane
- High selectivity of 51.2
- Low permeate flux of 0.056 kg.m-2h-1)
2. go/pva exhibited an
- Acceptable selectivity of 34.9, however
- Equivalent permeate flux of 0.120 kg.m-2h-1
II. Materials and methods

Materials:
1. PVA (molecular weight and the degree ofsaponification were 80,000 and > 98 %, respectively)
2. Sulfuric acid (98wt%)
3. Sodium nitrate (99wt%)
4. Hydrogen peroxide (30wt%)
5. Hydrazine hydrate (35wt%)
6. MA (99 wt%)
7. Graphite (particle size: < 50 µm, density: 20-30 g/100 mL)
8. Potassium permanganate (> 99.5 wt%)
9. Ethanol (96 vol%)
Preparation
I. GO/rGO
1. Chemical oxidation modified Hummers’ method  Graphite oxide  GiO 
2. 0.5gGiO 
1. 500 ml deionized water
2. sonicated 12 h
 GO(aq) 
centrifugated
Wet GO washed
deionized water
 GO( pH  6) 
dried
60C ;24 h
 GO
3. 0.1gGO 100 ml
deionized water
 GO(suspension) 
1. 5 ml hydrazine solution
2. stirred ;30 mins

1.centrifugation
2.washed (deionized water )
 rGO
3. sonicated ;4 h 3. drying 60C ;24 h

II. Nanocomposite membranes solution-casting method

1. 0.05gGO(or rGO) 
1. 500 ml (deionized water )
2. sonicated ;24 h
 GO( rGO) suspension
2. Dried PVA 1.0 g  
1. dissolved (100 ml deionized water )
2. heated 90C
 PVA(aq)
3. PVA(aq) 
GO ( or rGO ) suspension
 GO / PVA(or rGO / PVA)
1. stirred ;1h
2. sonicated ;45 minutes.
 homogeneous solutions 
1. casted in petry disk
2. at room temperature for 24 h
 membranes
dried at 100C .

in 3 h to constant weight
 nanocomposite membranes
Note:
wt (GO(or rGO))
.100%  0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt %
wt ( PVA)
A series of GO/PVA and rGO/PVA nanocomposite membranes with various GO or rGO contents were similarly prepared and
named as
0.1GO/PVA, 0.2GO/PVA, 0.3GO/PVA, 0.4GO/PVA, 0.5GO/PVA
0.1rGO/PVA, 0.2rGO/PVA, 0.3rGO/PVA, 0.4rGO/PVA, and 0.5rGO/PVA