REMARKS/ANALYSIS OF DATA

On the first part of the Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Force experiment, the magnetic

field of permanent magnets were determined and illustrated. These permanent magnets have a

natural skill to attract other magnetic materials without any help of electricity, etc. Four types of

magnetic field of permanent magnets were determined to show if North and South poles attracted

or repelled each other. Initially, like poles of bar magnets were tested and it was found out that

the magnetic field produced showed that two like poles such as two North poles repelled each

other, producing a force of repulsion between them. Secondly, unlike poles of bar magnets were

then tested and it was found out that there was an occurrence of magnetic flux distribution

directly from North to South pole, thus producing a force of attraction between them. Thirdly,

two U-magnets with their unlike poles facing each other showed a similar situation with the

unlike poles of bar magnets in which the unlike poles of two U-magnets attracted to each on

horizontal and vertical North to South poles with the magnetic flux easily distributed. Lastly, two

U-magnets with their unlike poles facing each other and iron ring at the center showed that with

the presence of an iron ring, the distribution of the magnetic flux from North to South pole was

affected, thus instead of distributing the magnetic flux directly from the North pole, it passed

through first the iron ring before going to the South pole which created a change in the magnetic

flux direction.

On the second part of the Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Force experiment, magnetic

force on current-carrying conductor was determined based on different types, such as magnetic

force with magnetic field, current, length of current loop, and orientation of coil.
 Initially, magnetic force was determined together by the magnetic field. Given the values

of voltage as maximum, as well as current, current loop, and others, magnetic force in grams and

Newton for each trial was solved. With the increasing number of magnets added as the trials

went on, the value of magnetic force was also increasing, thus it can be said that the number of

magnets on an assembly is directly proportional to the magnetic force exerted by the magnets.

Secondly, magnetic force was determined by the current. Given the voltage provided

from the power supply as maximum as well as the values of current, current loop, and others, the

value of magnetic force in grams and Newton for each trial was solved. According to the

magnetic force and current table, as the values of current increased by an increment of 0.5A, the

magnetic force in grams given by the digital reading also increased, thus this can be indicated

that the current flowing to the assembly is directly proportional to the magnetic force exerted by

the magnets.

Thirdly, magnetic force was determined by the length of current loop. Given the voltage

from the power supply as maximum as well as the values of current, length of the loop, and

others, the value of magnetic force in grams and Newton per each current loop was solved.

According to the magnetic force and length of current loop table, as the length of the loop

increased from given current loops SF 37 to SF 42, the magnetic force in grams and Newton also

increased. Thus, according to the magnetic force, the length of the loop is directly proportional to

the magnetic force exerted by the magnets.

Lastly, magnetic force was determined by the orientation of coil. Given the voltage from

the power supply as maximum as well as the maximum allowable current, coil as an accessory

unit, and others, the magnetic force in grams and Newton per angle provided was solved.
According to the magnetic force and orientation of coil table, as the angle or the orientation of

the coil set on the current balance accessory unit increased positively and negatively, the

magnetic force exerted by the magnets also increased. Also, the values of positive and negative

values of magnetic force were equal thus it can be said that with the polarity of changing the

direction of the unit in clockwise and counterclockwise direction, the magnetic force is the same.

Therefore, according to the magnetic force equation, magnetic force exerted by the magnets is

directly proportional to the angle or the orientation of the coil relative to the magnetic field.

Possible causes of error occurred during the experiment include the wrong arrangement

of the magnets on the assembly, the inevitability of the current balance accessory unit touching

the sides of the magnet assembly, not setting the zero reading of the balance after succeeding

trials of determining magnetic force, and forgetting to turn off the current after getting the digital

balance reading as well as unable to set the current to a required value after turning the power

supply on.
CONCLUSION

Based on the outcome of the Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Force experiment, I therefore

conclude that: The nature of magnetic fields around the poles of magnets was studied; The

magnitude of magnetic force on a current-carrying wire was determined; And the nature of the

relationship between the magnetic force and magnetic field, current, length, and the orientation

of current carrying wire was also studied. The objectives were obtained based on the theories,

principles, or concepts about magnetic fields and magnetic force provided.

For part A of the experiment, magnetic fields of permanent magnets, the first law of

magnetism and the theory of magnetic field can be applied here. The first law of magnetism

states that “like poles repel and unlike poles attract”, in which it can be applied in part A as

North and South poles attract (distributing magnetic flux) while both North poles repel. For part

B of the experiment, magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor, all values determined for

this part were based on the theory of magnetic force, in which “a magnetic field exists when a

moving charge thru it experiences a force”. Quantities and equations needed were measured and

used to attain the objectives of the experiment such as the following: Magnetic force in gram and

Newton given the number of magnets; given the current with an increment of 0.5 A; given the

increasing length of the current loop; and given the angle or the orientation of coil. All of these

types were based on the formula for finding the magnetic force which is: 𝐹 = 𝐼𝐿𝐵 sin 𝜃 for the

scalar form and 𝐹 = 𝐼𝐿 𝑥 𝐵 for the vector cross product (I is the current applied, L is the length

of the wire or current loop, B is the magnetic induction, and 𝜃 is the orientation of the wire or

loop in a magnetic field). After getting the values of magnetic force in grams from the number of

magnets, current applied, length of the loop, and orientation of coil, the magnetic force in
Newton was obtained by converting the value of it in grams by the formula: 𝐹 =

1𝑘𝑔 𝑚
___𝑔𝑥(1000𝑔)𝑥(9.8 𝑠2 ).

After performing the experiment, I have understood how the concept of the law of

magnetism works because of the reaction of the poles on magnets when they are on attraction or

repulsion and also because of the demonstration of how they react by placing an iron filling on a

paper above the magnets. I have also understood that by performing the experiment on finding

the magnetic force, variables involved in the magnetic force equation are directly proportional to

the force as they are the ones who increase or decrease the magnetic force as the charge moves

on a wire in the magnetic field based on the theory of magnetic force. A good practical

application of this experiment is the use of DC motor, in which when the current is applied on

the wires, there are magnets on the outside of the motor while the rotor or armature is inside the

motor with a wire that can create a magnetic force created by the magnetic field.