If you can't make a mistake,
Volume - 5 Issue - 5
November, 2009 (Monthly Magazine)
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Editor : Pramod Maheshwari
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
you can't make anything.
Editorial
Dear Students,
It's the question you dreamed about when you were ten years old. It's the
question our parents nagged you about during high school. It's the question
that stresses most of us out more and more the older we get. "What do you
want to be when you grow up?"
There are people who are studying political science but hate politics, nursing
majors who hate biology, and accounting majors who hate math. Obviously, a
lot of people are confused about what exactly it is that they want to spend
their life doing. Think about it. if you work for 10 hours each day, you're going
to end up spending over 50% of your awake life at work. Personally, I think it's
important that we spend that 50% of your awake life at work. Personally, I
think it's important that we spend that 50% wisely. But how can you make sure
that you do? Here are some cool tips for how to decide that you really want
to be when you grow up.
• Relax and Keep an Open Mind: Contrary to popular belief, you don't have
to "choose a career" and stick with it for the rest of your life. You never
have to sign a contract that says, "I agree to force myself to do this for the
rest of my life" You're free to do whatever you want and the possibilities
are endless. So relax, dream big, and keep an open mind.
• Notice Your Passions: Every one of us is born with an innate desire to do
something purposeful with our lives. We long to do something that we're
passionate about; something that will make a meaningful impact on the
world.
• Figure Out How to Use Your Passions for a Larger Purpose: You notice
that this is one of your passions, so you decide to become a personal
trainer. Making a positive impact on the world will not only ensure that
you are successful financially, it will also make you feel wonderful. It's
proven principle: The more you give to the world, the more the world will
give you in return.
• Figure Our How You Can Benefit: Once you've figured out what your
passions are and how you can use those passions to add value to the world
& to yourself, it's time to take the last step: figure out how you can make
great success doing it. my most important piece of advice about this last
step is to remember just that: It's the last part of the decision process. I
feel sorry for people who choose an occupation based on the average
income for that field. No amount of money can compensate for a life
wasted at a job that makes you miserable. However, that's not to say that
the money isn't important. Money is important, and I'm a firm believer in
the concept that no matter what it is that you love doing, there's at least
one way to make extraordinary money doing it. So be creative!
No matter how successful you become, how great your life is, or how beautiful
you happen to be... there will still be times when you simply feel like you're an
ugly mess. But when those times come, remember that all you need to get
yourself back on track is a positive outlook, a dash of self confidence, and the
willingness to make yourself feel better as soon as you know how.
Simply discover your passions, figure out how to use your passions to make an
impact on the world & to yourself.
Presenting forever positive ideas to your success.
Yours truly
Pramod Maheshwari,
B.Tech., IIT Delhi
1 NOVEMBER 2009
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 2 NOVEMBER 2009
 Volume-5 Issue-5
November, 2009 (Monthly Magazine) CONTENTS
INDEX PAGE
NEXT MONTHS ATTRACTIONS

Key Concepts & Problem Solving strategy for IIT-JEE.

Regulars ..........
Know IIT-JEE With 15 Best Questions of IIT-JEE
NEWS ARTICLE 4
Challenging Problems in Physics, Chemistry & Maths IIT-K signs MoU with US university
Much more IIT-JEE News. White House names IIT-ian Arun Majumdar as
America's Green Czar
Xtra Edge Test Series for JEE-2010 & 2011
IITian ON THE PATH OF SUCCESS 8
Mr. S. Janakiraman

KNOW IIT-JEE 10
Previous IIT-JEE Question

Study Time........
DYNAMIC PHYSICS 18
S
Success Tips for the Months 8-Challenging Problems [Set# 7]
Students’ Forum
Physics Fundamentals
• If you can't make a mistake, you can't make
Electromagnetic Induction & A.C.
anything.
Simple Harmonic Motion
• Sometimes a big step is safer; you can't
cross a ditch in small jumps CATALYSE CHEMISTRY 32
• Self-confidence grows not from what you
Key Concept
can do, but what you know you can do.
Nitrogen Compounds
• Children focus on what they can’t do. Nitrogen Family
Adults focus on what they can do. Understanding : Physical Chemistry
• The secret of confidence is to know your
resources. DICEY MATHS 44
• You never need to feel fear if you don't Mathematical Challenges
want to do anything. Students’ Forum
Key Concept
• You got to know when to hold ‘em and Differentiation
know when to fold ‘em…
Straight Line & Circle
• An ounce of success is worth a pound of
positive thinking.
Test Time ..........
• To understand motivation, know the
power of the Hunter. XTRAEDGE TEST SERIES 53
• Defeat is advance payment for victory. Class XII – IIT-JEE 2010 Paper
Class XII – IIT-JEE 2011 Paper

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 3 NOVEMBER 2009

IIT reviews expel rule
The IITs are considering scrapping
a weeding process they practice to
expel weak students mid-course,
stung by a string of legal challenges
and allegations of caste
discrimination.
Officials across the IITs have held
two rounds of discussions on a
proposal to replace expulsion of
weak students with performance
checks, administrators, including
two directors
Around 10 students are dismissed
from each IIT on an average every
year for failing to earn a minimum
number of credits required at mid-
course stages, the administrators
said.
An end to the system would mean
that students, once admitted,
would not be dismissed.
The move follows caste allegations
against the IITs — a majority of
students expelled during their
courses for poor performance
belong to Scheduled Castes or
Scheduled Tribes. It also comes at
a time when the Supreme Court
has held that the IITs cannot
“throw out” SC/ST students on
the basis of poor performance.
In cases when students are asked
to leave, they are given the option
to quit the BTech course, and
instead opt for a less reputed
diploma. Hardly any student opts
for it, officials said.
The students argue that as they
have cleared the IIT entrance test,
their ability to pursue the BTech
course cannot be challenged.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
IIT-K signs MoU with US
university
KANPUR: Indian Institute of
Technology-Kanpur signed an
MoU with the University of Texas,
San Antonio, US, here on
Saturday.
Director, IIT-K, SG Dhande
represented the institute and CM
Agarwal (an alumnus of IIT-K of
the 1982 batch), dean, College of
Engineering, represented the
University of Texas. They hoped
that the two educational institutes
will be benefited from the
agreement.
"The areas identified for
collaborative research include
fields like bio-material, where the
focus will be on the research
collaboration, faculty and student
exchange programme. The co-
operative research programme in
other areas of mutual interest will
be conceived later," Dhande said
while talking to TOI.
Agarwal said that Indo-US center
for bio-material has been
established which will concentrate
on the development of material
which will be useful in treating
patients suffering from knee
problems like arthritis.
"The long-term goal is that the
implants done in a human body
should end as knee replacement in
India is a costly affair and costs
between Rs 30,000 and Rs 2 lakh.
The best part would be that the
human body itself reaches a stage
where it can regenerate bone.
This is called tissue engineering
and doctors, scientists and
biologists are working together
for this cause," Agarwal said. Next
month, a delegation will visit IIT-K
to hold talks with Dhande,
Agarwal added.
4 NOVEMBER 2009
White House names IIT-ian
Arun Majumdar as
America's Green Czar
WASHINGTON: There was more
than a hint of irony in the Obama
White House on Friday naming
Arun Majumdar, a product of the
best engineering schools
in India and US, as the first
Director of the US Department of
Energy's Advanced Research
Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E),
an agency tasked with reducing
America's reliance on foreign
energy supplies, cutting
greenhouse gas emissions, and
improving energy efficiency.
That an (Indian) immigrant
engineer-scientist should head the
premier agency at a time
Washington is hectoring the
world, principally India and China,
to cut emissions, amid a growing
trade and job protectionism, says
something about the United States
– and Majumdar was quick to
articulate it.
"It is a rare privilege and an honor
when the President asks you to
serve the nation in such a
capacity," said Majumdar of his
nomination, which, while needing
to be confirmed by the Senate,
sent ripples across the country's
scientific-academic community.
"I came to this country as an
immigrant and am deeply
appreciative and indebted to this
nation for opening the doors and
welcoming me with open arms.
I have received so much. This is
my way of stepping up and paying
back."
Not that the IIT-Mumbai graduate
has forsaken his roots – in fact, his
roots may well have been
responsible for his nomination.
Ever since he joined the University
of California (UC), Berkeley
faculty in 1997, where he holds
the Almy and Agnes Maynard
Chair Professorship in the College
of Engineering and heads the
Environmental Energy
Technologies Division, Majumdar
has cemented the Lab's role as a
world-renowned leader in energy
efficiency research in close
collaboration with India and China
– a feat the White House has been
quick to recognize and reward.
Among the lab's partnerships is
the Berkeley-India Joint Leadership
on Energy and the Environment
announced last year, which brings
together researchers from
Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley,
and other US and Indian
universities and institutions, with a
goal to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions while maintaining
sustained economic growth in
both nations.
Another partnership between the
Lab and China's Tsinghua
University is to promote the
shared development and
implementation of building energy
efficiency, a move intended to
reduce energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions in the
US and China.
In fact, Majumdar's mentor in
academia was Professor Chang-Lin
Tien, a legendary Chinese Don
who went to become the
Chancellor of UC Berkeley in
1990, the first Asian to head a
major university in the United
States.
Majumdar's India-China
connections is what appears to
have driven the Obama White
House to choose him for the new
job, considering the two countries
are thought to be pivotal in the
upcoming energy debate. "He has
had a highly distinguished research
career in the science and
engineering of energy conversion,
transport, and storage ranging
from molecular and nanoscale
level to large energy systems," the
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
White House said in its
announcement. "At Berkeley Labs
and UC Berkeley, he helped shape
several strategic initiatives in the
areas of energy efficiency,
renewable energy as well as
energy storage." For more than a
decade, Majumdar, who is also the
founding chair of the American
Society
of Mechanical Engineers'
Nanotechnology Institute, has
been the country's leading
materials scientist, making
spectacular advances in energy
conservation. He was recently
credited with developing a way to
use silicon nanowires to capture
and use the energy lost as heat
during the production of
electricity. The futuristic
technology could someday be
used to convert the large amounts
of waste heat into useful
electricity. A graduate (mechanical
engineering) of IIT-Mumbai,
Majumdar came to the US in 1985
and received a Ph.D. in mechanical
engineering from the University of
California, Berkeley in 1989. His
nomination continues the steady
march of Indian geeks and
academics in the higher echelons
of administration. The Obama
administration picked Indian-
Americans for the post of White
House Chief Information Officer
(Vivek Kundra) and Chief
Technology Officer (Aneesh
Chopra). Majumdar will effectively
be the Chief Energy Officer.
IIT-B looks to solar power
To help facilitate cost-effective
solar thermal power generation,
IIT Bombay plans to develop a
megawatt-scale solar thermal
power facility, which is being
sponsored by the ministry of new
and renewable energy.
"The idea is to help create cost-
effective solar power. There is a
huge gap between the demand and
supply of electricity and one
option worth developing is solar
power," said a faculty member of
5 NOVEMBER 2009
IIT Bombay. The plan to build the
plant was proposed by IIT-B last
year and it will come up at the
Solar Energy Centre in Gurgaon. It
will be connected to a grid and
supply around a megawatt to the
national grid. The test and
simulation facility will be set up by
a consortium involving different
Indian industries and IIT-B.
"While the US and Europe have
already built such consortia, it will
be a first in India. This facility is
expected to help in developing
inexpensive solar power plants in
the future," he said.
Even as the test facility will enable
assessment of new technologies,
components, and systems for solar
thermal power, the simulation can
be used to scale up designs and
optimise use of solar power.
"Besides developing indigenous
capability, it is expected to
provide the experience in
concentrated solar power, which
has the potential to provide a
sustainable energy solution for
India's power system," said the
faculty member. The project,
which will last for five years, is
expected to start in another two
years.
Signature drive launched
for IIT status to ISM
RANCHI: A signature campaign
seeking IIT status for the Indian
School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad,
was launched , On the first day of
the three-day campaign, students
managed to collect 12,500
signatures in favour of their
demand.
According to the campaign
activists, a total of 1,25,000
signatures have been obtained so
far in favour of the demand from
across the state. Out of this,
about 75,000 signatures were
obtained from Dhanbad alone.
The campaign was simultaneously
launched at Dhanbad, Jamshedpur
and Bokaro on Monday last to
garner the support of the people
of Jharkhand towards the cause.
"A delegation of ISM students met
Congress MP Sachin Pilot on
Friday and he too extended
support to the cause," said a
campaign activist.
Earlier, a delegation had called on
Union minister of state for human
resources development D population nowadays. The major
Purandeshwari in this regard. The
minister had promised to look
into the matter.
Cong tussle holds up
home for IIT
New Delhi: A tussle between
Congress leaders is depriving IIT
Rajasthan of a permanent home
two years after its conception,
replacing an earlier battle the
party waged over the institute
with the BJP when it ruled the
state.
Coaching hub Kota, proposed by
the former BJP state government
as the venue for the IIT but
dismissed by the UPA at the
Centre, has now found powerful
supporters within the Congress.
The reason behind their demand:
they had promised Kota an IIT in
the Lok Sabha elections.
The problem: others in the
Congress had campaigned on
bringing the same IIT to Jodhpur,
home of current chief minister
Ashok Gehlot. The Congress won
in both Kota and Jodhpur seats in
the Lok Sabha polls and is well
ensconced in Rajasthan, where it is
also in power.
IIT Rajasthan, launched last year,
however, continues to reside as a
tenant on the IIT Kanpur campus.
“It is a strange situation where we
don’t know how to proceed. So
we are likely to just sit on any
decision for the time being,” a top
government official said.
Senior Congress leader Digvijay
Singh has, in his capacity as party
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
general secretary, written to
human resource development
minister Kapil Sibal, requesting
that the new IIT be set up in Kota.
Digvijay was a Congress observer
for Rajasthan during the Lok Sabha
polls and his letter represents
concerns of several party MPs and
MLAs from the southern parts of
the state, sources said.
Kota MP Ijyaraj Singh, too, has
met junior HRD minister D.
Purandeswari, requesting that the
IIT be set up in his constituency.
But accepting Kota as the venue
for the new IIT will not prove easy
for the HRD ministry, sources
said, because of a clear position it
had earlier taken against the
town’s eligibility.
The Rajasthan IIT is one of eight
promised by the UPA under the
Eleventh Five Year Plan and was
announced in 2007. Vasundhara
Raje Scindia, who was then chief
minister, proposed Kota, the
nearest big town to her family fief
in Jhalawar, as the venue.
But a central team sent to
examine prospective sites advised
against Kota, arguing that it was
poorly connected and would not
attract top teachers, students and
industry. Scindia accused then
HRD minister Arjun Singh of
“playing politics” over the IIT’s
location. Last December, after the
Congress wrested Rajasthan from
the BJP in the Assembly polls, new
chief minister Gehlot appointed a
team to propose afresh a venue
for the new institute.
The Gehlot-appointed panel
recommended Jodhpur, the chief
minister’s hometown.
In the Lok Sabha polls that
followed a few months later, the
Congress campaign for party
candidate Chandresh Kumari in
Jodhpur promised the IIT to the
city.
6 NOVEMBER 2009
IIT-K students learn
the benefits of MEMS
technology
KANPUR: "The MEMS (Micro-
Electro Mechanical System)
technology is widely used in the
cellphones, which are being used
by a large percentage of
use of the MEMS technology is in
the field of IT followed by the
consumer electronics sector," said
Dr V K Aatre, former scientific
adviser to the defence minister,
who was on his visit to the IIT-K,
here on Thursday.
Dr Aatre further informed that All
India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS) and IIT-Bombay are
together working on a device
called cardiac monitor (it's a
temperature measuring device)
which will provide the
temperature of the arteries. This
cardiac monitor would based on
the MEMS technology.
"AIIMS and IIT-Bombay will now
be going for the animal trials of
the cardiac monitor before going
for a human trial which is a
genuine procedure," added
Dr Aatre.
He also added that MEMS based
technology is seeing its use in the
fields of automobile, electronics,
bio-medical, defence etc.
Dr Vikram Kumar, former
director of NPL (it is one of the
labs of CSIR) and professor,
department of Physics at IIT-Delhi
said, "We carry MEMS-based
gadgets with us on a daily basis but
we are hardly aware of it. The
mobile phones and I-Pods are the
best examples of the same. The
MEMS technology is also used in
Plasma TVs and other household
consumer electronics."
Dr Kumar further said that the
pressure sensors based on MEMS
technology is widely used in the
automobile industry. "At present
the pressure sensors are being
imported from the other
companies of the world. The
pressure sensors have varied
applications, especially in the fields
like automobile, aerospace,
acceleration etc", he added. "The
pressure sensors are of various
kinds and even used in a rocket,"
he said.
Dr N S Vyas, professor and HOD
of the department of Mechanical
Engineering, IIT-Kanpur
emphasised on the fact that MEMS
technology has several potential
applications in the railways and
automotive sector.
IITs strategise for more
PhD scholars
Efforts include joint MTech and
PhD degrees and streamlining
policies so that thesis papers are
cleared within two months
With research becoming a clear
focus area at all Indian Institutes of
Technology (IITs) and with the
20-30 per cent growth in
sponsored research, the premier
technology institutes are now
targeting a 10-30 per cent increase
in PhD scholars.
Globally, China produces the
maximum number of research
scholars per year. It is widely
recognised that there will be
substantially more PhD engineers
and scientists in China in 2010
than in the United States, as China
produces three times the number
of engineers per year. Smalley, a
nobel prize-winning scientist from
Rice University, recently
concluded that by 2010, 90 per
cent of all PhD physical scientists
and engineers in the world will be
Asians living in Asia, and among
Asian PhD engineers and
scientists, most will be produced
by China.
India, therefore, is in a hurry to
catch up. IIT-Kharagpur (IIT-KGP),
for instance, awarded 212 PhDs
this year, of which nearly 70 per
cent had studied engineering. Last
year, the institute had awarded
167 PhDs.
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
“We want at least 30 per cent of
our students to be research
scholars, double of what it is right
now. We are making several
enticements for that, like joint
MTech and PhD degrees and
streamlining policies so that thesis
papers are cleared within two
months instead of one year which
is usually the norm,” said
Damodar Acharya, director of IIT-
KGP.
The institute has also introduced
joint degree programmes with
other reputed universities in India
and abroad. A student admitted to
such joint degree programmes has
to spend upto two years in the
partnering university and would
have a joint guide. Through this
programme, the institute aims at
producing high quality faculty who
will have exposure to at least two
different environments.
The institute from its own fund
supports written airfare up to two
visits of the students to the
partnering university. The local
expenses of the student are taken
care of by the partnering university.
At IIT-Bombay, 140 PhDs
graduated in 2007, 200 in 2008
and around 175 in 2009. "We are
incubating our PhD students using
their intellectual properties. This
should encourage students and
make them feel more secure
about their research findings," said
Rangan Banerjee, dean of research
and development at IIT Bombay.
At IIT Madras, from 2006 to 2009
there has been a 50 per cent
increase in PhD intake. Currently
the institute has around 1100 PhD
scholars, informed Job Kurian,
dean of sponsored research at IIT
Madras. IIT Madras aims to have a
1:1 ratio between research
scholars and undergraduates, from
1:5 ratio currently, said Kurian.
IIT-Delhi has seen a 23 per cent
increase in the number of PhD
degrees given out this year. A
total number of 181 PhD degrees
was awarded as compared to 147
last year. "This is a phenomenal
7 NOVEMBER 2009
achievement and is contrary to
belief that we are very poor on
research output," said M
Balakrishnan, dean of post-
graduate studies at IIT-Delhi.
IIT Bhubaneswar, one of the
newest IITs in India, is encouraging
faculty to join the institute with
their own research scholars. M
Chakraborty, director of IIT
Bhubaneswar, said that the
institute is also making provision
for upto Rs 5 lakh research grant
to a faculty. This would help them
to invest in necessary
infrastructure they require to
carry out their research, like
softwares, hardwares, books and
journals, etc.
Student researchers get a grant of
Rs 15,000 per month.
International exposure for faculty
and student researchers and
presenting their research papers
at international conferences is
another priority area for IIT
Bhubaneswar.
IIT Gandhinagar (IIT-G), another
new IIT, has also started focusing
on establishing the institute as a
preferred destination for research
students by initiating quality
research activities on the campus.
The institute, which was
established in 2008, has just
received its second batch of
undergraduate students, but is
already working on lines of
creating a centre for research.
Human Resource Development
Minister Kapil Sibal had recently
said the country's premier Indian
Institutes of Technology (IITs)
must focus on quality research and
act as a catalyst to boost technical
education in India.
"This is not only necessary for the
economic growth of the country
but also for the IITs to make the
transition as creator of
knowledge. Without a large base
of well educated undergraduates
in the country it is difficult to
imagine any significant growth in
research output from these
institutions," Sibal said.
 Success Story
This article contains story of a person who get succeed after graduation from different IIT's

Mr. S. Janakiraman
B.E., M.E.(IIT – Chennai)
President & Group CEO – Product Engineering Services,
Mindtree Ltd.

Janakiraman (Jani) heads Product Engineering Services
(PES) of MindTree as the President and Group CEO of
the business unit. PES comprises of R&D Services (RDS)
and Outsourced Product Development Services (OPD).
PES under Jani covers whole spectrum of product and
technology development services covering
Semiconductor, Embedded System, Middleware and
Application level Products for the Hi-Tech Product and
Independent Software Vendor (ISV) organizations. In
addition the Research Units under PES build ready to use
Intellectual Properties (IPs) and re-usable Technology
Building Blocks (TBBs) covering segments like short range
wireless like Bluetooth and UWB, Video surveillance
platforms including management and analytics,
virtualization and cloud computing.
Starting from scratch, Jani has built the Product
Engineering Services organization of MindTree through
organic and inorganic means to over 3000 technology
professionals executing projects in leading technology
areas for customers like Alcatel-Lucent, AOL, Apple,
Cisco, Microsoft, Real Networks, Symantec, Texas
Instruments, Toshiba, UTC, Vendavo and Volvo.
Jani has rich 28 years of experience in building R&D and
Product Engineering Services organizations through
setting up multiple dedicated development centers for the
Engineering units for semiconductor, system and
application product vendors. The services include IP
licensing, Architecture-Design-Development, Independent
Testing, Packaging, and Technical Support.
Jani holds Bachelor's degree in Electronics and
Communications from the National Institute of
Technology (NIT), Trichy, India, and Master's degree in
Electronics from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),
Chennai, India. He is the President of Indo Japan Chamber
of Commerce & Industries (IJCCI), Karnataka and a
member of India Semiconductor Association (ISA)
Executive Council.

"Time is a circus, always packing up and moving away."

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 8 NOVEMBER 2009
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 9 NOVEMBER 2009
 KNOW IIT-JEE
By Previous Exam Questions

PHYSICS ∴ 1 molecule will have mass

32
6.023 ×10 23
g

1. One gram mole of oxygen at 27º and one 105 × 6.023 × 10 23

∴ n= = 1.97 × 1027
atmospheric pressure is enclosed in a vessel. 2 × 32 × 483.4
[IIT-1983] (ii) The kinetic energy of motion of molecules will be
(i) Assuming the molecules to be moving with vrms , converted into heat energy.
Find the number of collisions per second which 1
the molecules make with one square metre area of K.E. of 1 gm mole of oxygen = Mv 20 ... (i)
2
the vessel wall. Where v0 is the velocity with which the vessel
(ii) The vessel is next thermally insulated and moved was moving.
with a constant speed v0. It is then suddenly stopped.
The heat gained by 1 gm mole of molecules at
The process results in a rise of the temperature of
constant volume
the gas by 1ºC. Calculate the speed v0.
= nC V ∆T= 1 × Cv × 1 = Cv ...(ii)
F
Sol. (i) We know that P = From (i) and (ii)
A
1
∴ F = P × A = 105 × 1 = 105 N ... (i) Mv 20 = C V ... (iii)
2
∆p
But F= Now, Cp – C V = R
∆t
Cp C R R
mv ⇒ – V = ⇒ γ–1=
CV CV CV CV
R
mv ∴ CV = ... (iv)
γ −1
∴ ∆p = F × ∆t = F × 1 = 105 [From (i)] ...(ii) From (iii) and (iv)
Let m be the mass of one molecule and v be the
1 R
r.m.s. velocity. Mv 20 =
2 γ −1
Now Momentum change per second
m2 (∆p) = n × 2mv ... (iii) 2R 2 × 8.314
∴ v0 = =
M (γ − 1) 32
Where n is the number of collisions per second × (1.41 − 1)
100
per square metre area
From (ii) and (iii) γ = 1.41 for O2 (diatomic gas)
n × 2mv = 10 5 ⇒ v0 = 35.6 m/s
105
∴ n=
2mv 2. Hot oil is circulated through an insulated
Root mean square velocity container with a wooden lid at the top whose
conductivity K = 0.149 J/(m-ºC-sec), thickness
3RT 3 × 8.314 × 300
v= = = 483.4 m/s t = 5 mm, emissivity = 0.6. Temperature of the
M 32 / 1000
top of the lid is maintained at Tl = 127ºC. If the
According to mole concept 6.023 × 1023
ambient temperature Ta = 27ºC. [IIT-2003]
molecules will have mass 32 g

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 10 NOVEMBER 2009

 Tl = 127º − π R 2ρ g 3g
∴ a= =– x
4 2R
πR 3ρs
3
F 4
[Q acceleration a = and m = π R3 ρs ]
m 3
T0 Ta = 27ºC
Hot Oil 3g
∴ ω=
2R
[Comparing with a = – ω 2 x]
Calculate :
1 3g
(a) rate of heat loss per unit area due to radiation or v=
from the lid. 2π 2R

17 4. Two identical prisms of refractive index 3 are

(b) temperature of the oil. (Given σ = × 10–8)
3 kept as shown in the figure. A light ray strikes the
Sol. (a) The rate of heat loss per unit area per second due first prism at face AB. Find, [IIT-2005]
to radiation is given by Stefan's-Boltzmann law B D
E = εσ(T4 – T04 )
60º 60º
17
= 0.6× × 10–8 [(400)4 – (300)4]
3 60º 60º
= 595 Watt/m2 A C E
(b) Let Toil be the temperature of the oil. Then rate of (a) the angle of incidence, so that the emergent ray
heat flow through conduction = Rate of heat flow from the first prism has minimum deviation.
(b) through what angle the prism DCE should be
through radiation.
rotated about C so that the final emergent ray also
KA(Toil − T )
= 595 × A where A is the area of has minimum deviation.
l Sol. (a) For minimum deviation of emergent ray from the
the top of lid first prism MN is parallel to AC
595 × l 595 × 5 ×10 −3 ∴ ∠ BMN = 90º
⇒ Toil = +T= + 400
k 0.149 ⇒ ∠ r = 30º
= 419.83 K Applying Snell's law at M
sin i
µ=
3. A sphere of radius R is half submerged in liquid sin r
sin i = µ sin r
of density ρ. if the sphere is slightly pushed down
and released, find the frequency of oscillation. 3
sin i = 3 × sin 30º =
[IIT-2004] 2
Sol. At equilibrium net force is zero ⇒ i = 60º
∴ Fmg = Fbuouncy B

4 3 2
or ρm × π r × g = ρ × π r3 g
3 3 P 60º
ρ i r N
⇒ ρm = M Q
2
Let the sphere is slightly displaced downward by 60º
x. A C
∴ Fres = – π R2 xρg (b) When the prism DCE is rotated about C in
anticlockwise direction, as shown in the figure,
[Q Volume of submerged portion of sphere
then the final emergent ray SR becomes parallel
increases by πR2 x, hence buouncy increases by π
to the incident ray TM. Thus, the angle of
R2 xρg] deviation becomes zero.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 11 NOVEMBER 2009

5. A neutron of kinetic energy 65eV collides Case (3)
inelastically with a singly ionized helium atom at ∆E3 = – 3.4 – (–54.4eV) = 51.1 eV
rest. It is scattered at an angle of 90º with respect ⇒ K1 + K2 = 14 eV
of its original direction. [IIT-1993] Solving with (3), we get
(i) Find the allowed values of the energy of the K2 = 15.8 eV; K1 = – 1.8 eV
neutron and that of the atom after the collision. But K.E. can never be negative therefore case (3)
(ii) If the atom get de-excited subsequently by is not possible.
emitting radiation, find the frequencies of the
Therefore the allowed values of kinetic energies
emitted radiation.
are only that of case (1) and case (2) and electron
[Given: mass of He atom –4×(mass of neutron),
can jump upto n = 3 only.
Ionization energy of H atom = 13.6eV]
–3.4eV n=4
Sol. n=3
–6.04eV
K2
m –13.6eV n=2
y

θ x –54.4eV
m 4m n=1
4m For He+
K1
(ii) Thus when electron jumps back there are three
Applying conservation of linear momentum in
possibilities
horizontal direction
(Initial Momentum) x = (Final Momentum) x n3 → n1 or n3 → n2 and n2 → n1
pix = p fx The frequencies will be
E3 − E 2 E − E1 E − E1
⇒ 2 Km = 2(4 m)K1 cos θ ...(i) ν1 = ν2= 3 ν3= 2
h h h
Now applying conservation of linear momentum = 1.82×10 Hz = 11.67×10 Hz = 9.84×10 15 Hz
15 15

in Y-direction
piy = pfy
0 = 2 K 2 m – 2(4 m)K 1 sin θ CHEMISTRY
⇒ 2 K 2 m = 2(4 m)K 1 sin θ ...(ii)
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii) 6. Estimate the difference in energy between 1st and 2nd
2Km + 2K2m = 2(4m)K1 + 2(4m)K1 Bohr orbit for a H atom. At what minimum atomic
no., a transition from n=2 to n = 1 energy level would
K1 + K2 = 4K1 ⇒ K = 4K1 – K2
result in the emission of X-rays with λ = 3.0×10–8 m.
⇒ 4K1 – K2 = 65 ...(iii)
Which hydrogen atom like species does this atomic
When collision takes place, the electron gains
no. corresponds to ? [IIT-1993]
energy and jumps to higher orbit.
Sol. (a) For H atom,
Applying energy conservation
Z=1
K = K1 + K2 + ∆E
ni = 2
⇒ 65 = K1 + K2 + ∆E ...(iv)
+
nf = 1
Possible value of ∆E For He
Case (1) 21.76 ×10 −19
En = – J
∆E1 = – 13.6 – (54.4eV) = 40.8 eV n2
Hence, difference in energy between first and second
⇒ K1 + K2 = 24.2 eV from (4)
Bohr orbit for a H-atom is given by,
Solving with (3), we get
K2 = 6.36 eV; K1 = 17.84 eV ∆E = E n i – E n f = E2 – E1
Case (2) 21.76 ×10 −19 21.76 ×10 −19
∆E2 = – 6.04 – (–54.4 eV) = 48.36 eV =– +
22 12
⇒ K1 + K2 = 16.64 eV from (4)
1 1
Solving with (3), we get = – 21.76 × 10–19  2 − 2  = 16.32 × 10–19J
2 1 
K2 = 0.312 eV; K1 = 16.328 eV

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 12 NOVEMBER 2009

 (b) For λ = 3.0 × 10–8 m Also, 1 mol of O2 yields = 1 mol of N2O4
hc −34
6.626 × 10 × 3 × 10 8 ∴ Number of moles of N2O4 formed = 0.00320 mol
∆E = = N2O4 condenses on cooling,
λ 3.0 ×10 −8
= 6.626 × 10–18 J ....(i) ∴ 0.350 L (0.1 + 0.250) contains only 0.00429 mol
We know that, for H-like atoms, of NO
En for H-like atom = En for H-atom × Z2 At T = 220 K,
Pressure of the gas,
∴ ∆E for H-like atom = Z2 × ∆E for H-atom
nRT 0.00429 × 0.0821× 220
1 1 P= = = 0.221 atm
= –Z2 × 21.76 × 10–19  2 − 2  V 0.350
2 1 
= 16.32 × 10–19 Z2 ...(ii)
8. An organic compound C xH2yOy was burnt with twice
From eq. (i) and (ii),
the amount of oxygen needed for complete
16.32 × 10–19 Z2 = 6.626 × 10–18
combustion to CO2 and H2O. The hot gases when
or Z=2
cooled to 0 ºC and 1 atm pressure, measure 2.24 L.
Thus, hydrogen atom like species for Z = 2 is He+.
The water collected during cooling weighed 0.9 g.
7. At room temperature, the following reactions proceed The vapour pressure of pure water at 20ºC is 17.5
nearly to completion : mm of Hg and is lowered by 0.104 mm when 50 g of
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 → N2O4 the organic compound are dissolved in 1000 g of
The dimer, N2O4, solidified at 262 K. A 250 ml flask water. Give the molecular formula of the organic
and a 100 ml flask are separated by a stopcock. At compound. [IIT-1983]
300 K, the nitric oxide in the larger flask exerts a Sol. According to the question, an organic compound
pressure of 1.053 atm and the smaller one contains C xH2yOy was burnt with twice the amount of oxygen.
oxygen at 0.789 atm. The gases are mixed by opening Hence,
the stopcock and after the end of the reaction the C xH2yOy + 2x O2 → xCO2 + yH2O + xO2
flasks are cooled to 200 K. Neglecting the vapour Volume of gases after combustion = 2.24 L (given)
pressure of the dimer, find out the pressure and Volume of gases left after combustion = xCO2 + xO2
composition of the gas remaining at 220 K. (Assume ∴ x + x = 2.24
the gases to behave ideally) [IIT-1992] or x = 1.12 L
Sol. According to the gas equation, 22.4 L CO2 = 1 mol CO2
PV 1.12
PV = nRT or n= ∴ 1.12 L CO2 = = 0.05 mol CO2
RT 22.4
At room temperature, and 18 g H2O = 1 mol H2O
For NO, P = 1.053 atm, V = 250 ml = 0.250 L
0.9
1.053 × 0.250 ∴ 0.9 g H2O = = 0.05 mol H2O
∴ Number of moles of NO = 18
0.0821× 300
Thus, the empirical formula of the organic compound
= 0.01069 mol
is CH2O.
For O2, P = 0.789 atm, V = 100 ml = 0.1L
Empirical formula mass = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30
0.789 × 0.1
∴ Number of moles of O2 = Vapour pressure of the pure liquid,
0.0821 × 300
PA0 = 17.5 mm of Hg
= 0.00320 mol
According to the given reaction, Lowering in vapour pressure PA0 –PA =0.104mm of Hg
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 → N2O4 Mass of organic compound = 50 g
Composition of gas after completion of reaction, Mass of water = 1000 g
Number of moles of O2 = 0 50 / M
1 mol of O2 react with = 2 mol of NO ∴ Mole fraction of organic compound =
50 1000
∴ 0.00320 mol of O2 react with = 2 × 0.00320 +
M 18
= 0.0064 mol of NO
where M is the molecular mass of the organic
Number of moles of NO left = 0.01069 – 0.0064 compound, the molecular mass of water being 18.
= 0.00429 mol

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 13 NOVEMBER 2009

 We know, The reactions are :
PA0 − PA CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3
LiAlH4
= Mole fraction of organic compound
PA0 Ethyl butanoate
(A) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + CH 3CH2OH
0.104 50 / M Butanol Ethanol
∴ = Reduction (B)
17.5 50 1000 (C)
+
M 18 CH3CH = CHCHO
[O]
Crotonaldehyde
17.5 1000 × M
or =1+
0.104 18 × 50 aq.NaOH
CH3CH(OH)CH 2CHO CH3CHO
Solving, M = 150.5 ≈ 150
Aldol Ethanal
Molecular mass 150 (D)
n= = =5 [O]
Empirical formula mass 30 CH3COOH
∴ Molecular formula or organic compound Ethanoic acid
(F)
= 5(CH2O) = C5H10O5
10. A white substance (A) reacts with dil. H2SO4 to
produce a colourless gas (B) and a colourless solution
9. Compound (A) (C 6H12O2) on reduction with LiAlH4
(C). The reaction between (B) and acidified K2Cr2O7
yielded two compounds (B) and (C). The compound
solution produces a green solution and a slightly
(B) on oxidation gave (D) which on treatment with
coloured precipitate (D). The substance (D) burns in
alkali (aqueous) and subsequent heating furnished air to produce a gas (E) which reacts with (B) to yield
(E). The later on catalytic hydrogenation gave (C). (D) and a colourless liquid. Anhydrous copper
The compound (D) was oxidised further to give (F) sulphate is turned blue on addition of this colourless
which was found to be monobasic acid (m. wt. 60.0). liquid. Addition of aqueous NH3 or NaOH to (C)
Deduce structures of (A) to (E). [IIT – 1990] produces first a precipitate, which dissolves in the
Sol. Clue 1. Compound (F) is a monobasic acid molecular excess of the respective reagent to produce a clear
mass 60. solution in each case. Identify (A), (B), (C), (D) and
∴ CnH2n+1COOH = 60 (E). Write the equations of the reactions involved.
[IIT-2001]
or n × C + (2n + 1) × H + C + 2 × O + H = 60
Sol. (A) is ZnS,
or 12n + 2n + 1 + 12 + 2 × 16 + 1 = 60
ZnS + H2SO4 → ZnSO 4 + H 2S
60 − 46 ( A) (C ) (B )
or n = =1
14 3H 2S + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 → K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3
∴ (F) is CH3COOH. ( B)

Clue 2. (D) on oxidation gives (F), therefore (D) is + 7H2O + 3S

White grey
CH3CHO. (D )

Clue 3. (B) on oxidation gives (D), therefore (B) is S + O 2 → SO 2

(D ) Air ( E)
CH3CH2OH.
Clue 4. (D) undergoes aldol condensation and on SO 2 + 2H 2S → 2H 2 O + 3S
( E) (B ) Colourless liquid(C ) (D)
heating gives (E), therefore (E) is CH3CH = CHCHO.
5H2O + CuSO 4 → CuSO 4 .5H 2 O
Clue 5. (E) on reduction gives (C), therefore (C) is White Blue
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. ZnSO4 + 2NaOH → Zn(OH)2 + Na 2SO4
Clue 6. (A) having formula C6H12O2 on reduction Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 (soluble) + 2H2O
yields (B) and (C). Also in excess of NH4OH it forms soluble complex
∴ (A) is CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH3. [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 14 NOVEMBER 2009

 MATHEMATICS P(C) = probability that C will hit A =
1
3
P(E) = probability that A will be hit
11. Find the centre and radius of the circle formed by all
the points represented by z = x + iy satisfying the ⇒ P(E) = 1 – P( B ). P( C )
z−α 1 2 2
relation =k(k ≠ 1), where α and β are constant =1– . =
z −β 2 3 3

complex numbers given by α = α1 + iα2, β = β 1 + iβ2. Probability if A is hit by B and not by C.

[IIT-2004] ⇒ P(B ∩ C / E)
Sol. As we know; |z|2 = z. z 1 2
.
| z −α | 2 P(B ).P(C) 2 3 1
⇒ = k2 ⇒ = =
P (E ) 2 2
| z − β |2
3
⇒ (z – α)( z – α ) = k2(z – β)( z – β )
13. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
|z|2 – α z – α z + |α|2 = k2(|z|2 – β z – β z+ |β|2)
y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2 x) at x = 0 [IIT-1993]
or |z|2 (1 – k2) – (α – k2β) z – ( α – β k2) z y –1 2
Sol. y = (1 + x) + sin (sin x) (given)
+ (|α|2 – k2|β|2) = 0 Let y = u + v, where u = (1 + x) , v = sin–1 (sin2 x).
y

(α − k 2 β) (α − β k 2 ) Differentiating
⇒ |z|2 – z– z
(1 − k 2 ) (1 − k 2 ) dy du dv
= + .....(1)
2 2
| α | −k | β | 2 dx dx dx
+ =0 ...(i) Now, u = (1 + x)
(1 − k 2 )
take logarithm of both sides
On comparing with equation of circle,
loge u = loge (1 + x)y
|z|2 + a z + α z + b = 0
⇒ loge u = y loge (1 + x)
whose centre is (–a) and radius = | a | 2 − b
1 du y dy
∴ centre for (i) ⇒ = + . {loge (1 + x)}
u dx 1 + x dx
α − k 2β du  y dy 
= and radius ⇒ =(1+x)y  + loge (1 + x ) .....(2)
1− k2 dx 1 + x dx 
 α − k 2 β  α − k 2 β  α α − k 2 β β Again, v = sin–1 sin2 x
=  2 

2 
−
 1 − k  1 − k  1− k2 ⇒ sin v = sin2 x

k (α − β) dv
radius = ⇒ cos v = 2. sin x cos x
1− k 2 dx
dv 1
⇒ = [2 sin x cos x]
12. A is targeting to B, B and C are targeting to A. dx cos v
Probability of hitting the target by A, B and C are 2 sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x
⇒ = = .....(3)
2 1 1 2
, and respectively. If A is hit, then find the 1 − sin v 1 − sin 4 x
3 2 3
Put these values in equation (1)
probability that B hits the target and C does not.
[IIT-2003] dy  y dy  2 sin x cos x
= (1 + x)y  + loge (1 + x ) +
Sol. Here, dx  1 + x dx  1 − sin 4 x
2
P(A) = probability that A will hit B = dy y (1 + x ) y −1 + 2 sin x cos x / 1 − sin 4 x
3 ⇒ =
dx 1 − (1 + x ) y ln(1 + x )
1
P(B) = probability that B will hit A = At x=0
2
y = (1 + 0)y + sin–1 sin (0) = 1

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 15 NOVEMBER 2009

 dt dt
dy 1(1 + 0)1−1 + 2 sin 0. cos 0 / (1 − sin 4 0)
⇒ = Also, I1 = ∫ 3 sin t + 5 = ∫ 3 2 tan t / 2 
dx 1 − (1 + 0)1 ln(1 + 0)  +5
 1 + tan 2 t / 2 
dy
⇒ =1 (1 + tan 2 t / 2)dt
dx
Again the slope of the normal is
= ∫ t
(6 tan + 5 + 5 tan 2 )
t
2 2
1
m=– =–1 2(1 + u 2 )du
dy / dx = ∫ (1+ u 2
)(5u 2 + 6 u + 5)
Thus, the required equation of the normal is
y – 1 = (– 1) (x – 0) 2 du
i.e., y + x – 1 = 0.
=
5 ∫u 2
+ (6 / 5)u + 1
2 du
14. Determine the equation of the curve passing through
the origin in the from y = f(x), which satisfies the
=
5 ∫u 2 6
+ u+
9
−
9
+1
dy 5 25 25
differential equation = sin (10x + 6y) [IIT-1996]
dx 2 du
dy
=
5 ∫ 3  16
2
Sol. = sin (10x + 6y) u +  +
dx  5 25
Let 10x + 6y = t (given) .....(1)
2 du
⇒ 10 + 6
dy  dt 
= 
=
5 ∫ 3  4
2 2
dx  dx  u +  + 
 5  5
dy 1  dt 
⇒ =  −10 
dx 6  dx  2 5  u +3/5
= . tan–1  
Now the given differential equation becomes 5 4  4/5 
1  dt  1  5u + 3 
sin t =  −10  = tan–1 
6  dx  2 
 4 
dt
⇒ 6sin t = – 10 1  5 tan t / 2 + 3 
dx = tan–1  
2  4 
dt
⇒ = 6 sin t + 10 Putting this in (2)
dx
dt 1
⇒ = dx apply variable separable Now I1 = x + c
6 sin t + 10 2
Integrating both the sides, we get  t 
 5 tan + 3 
1 –1 2
dt ⇒ tan   = x+c
∫6 sin t + 10
= dx ∫ 4  4 
 
1 dt
⇒
2 ∫ 3 sin t + 5 = x + c .....(2) 

t 
5 tan + 3 
⇒ tan–1  2
dt  = 4x + 4c
Let I1 = ∫ 3 sin t + 5 

4 

Put tan t/2 = u 1
⇒ [5 tan (5x + 3y) + 3] = tan (4x + 4c)
1 4
⇒ sec2 t/2 dt = du
2 ⇒ 5tan (5x + 3y) + 3 = 4 tan (4x + 4c)
2du When x = 0, y = 0 we get
⇒ dt =
sec 2 t / 2 5 tan 0 + 3 = 4 tan (4c)
2du 3
⇒ dt = ⇒ = tan 4c
1 + tan 2 t / 2 4
2du 3
⇒ dt = ⇒ 4c = tan–1
1+ u 2 4

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 16 NOVEMBER 2009

 Then, 5 tan (5x + 3y) + 3 = 4 tan (4x + tan–1 3/4) Therefore, coordinates of A are (3cosθ.3sinθ)
4 3 Now, the joint equation of the tangents at A is given by
⇒ tan (5x + 3y) = tan (4x + tan–1 3/4) –
5 5 T2 = SS 1
2
4 3  hx ky   x 2 y 2   h2 k2 
⇒ 5x + 3y = tan–1  {tan(4 x + tan −1 3 / 4} −  i.e.,  + − 1 =  + − 1  + − 1 .....(5)
 5 5  6 3   6 3   6 3 
4 3 In equation (5)
⇒ 3y = tan–1  {tan(4 x + tan −1 3 / 4} −  –5x
5 5 h 2 1  h 2 k 2 
coefficient of x2 = –  + − 1
36 6  6 3 
1 –1  4 3  5x
⇒ y= tan  {tan(4 x + tan −1 3 / 4} −  –
3 5 5 3 h2 h2 k2 1
= – – +
36 36 18 6
15. A tangent to the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4 meets the ellipse 1 k2
= –
x2 + 2y2 = 6 at P and Q. Prove that the tangents at 6 18
P and Q of the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 arc at right angles. k 2 1  h 2 k 2 
[IIT-1997] coefficient of y2 = –  + − 1
9 3  6 3 
Sol. x2 + 4y2 = 4 (given)
k2 h2 k2 1 h2 1
x2 y2 = – – + =– +
⇒ + =1 .....(1) 9 18 9 3 18 3
4 1 Again coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2
Equation of any tangent to the ellipse on (1) can be 1 2 1 1
written as =– (h + k2) + +
18 6 3
x 1 1
cos θ + ysinθ = 1 .....(2) =– (9cos2 θ + 9sin2 θ) +
2 18 2
Equation of second ellipse 9 1
=– +
A y 18 2
1 1
90º =– + =0
Q 2 2
3 which shows that two lines represent by (5) are at
P 1 right angles to each other.
x
–2 O 2 6
– 6 –1
– 3 SCIENCE TIPS
2 2
x + 2y = 6 (given)
2 2
x y • An electron is moving along X-axis in a magnetic
⇒ + =1 .....(3)
6 3 field acting along Y-axis. What is the direction of
magnetic force acting on it. ® Along Z-axis
Suppose the tangents at P and Q meet in A(h, k).
h x ky • What is the equation of a plane progressive simple
+ =1 .....(4) harmonic wave traverlling in + x direction?
6 3
But (4) and (2) represent the same straight line, so 2π  t x
® y = a sin (vt – x) = a sin 2π  − 
comparing (4) and (2) λ T λ
h/6 k/3 1 • What type of magnetic material is used in making
= =
cos θ / 2 sin θ 1 permanent magnets? ® Ferromagnetic
⇒ h = 3cos θ and k = 3sinθ • A wire kept along north-south is allowed to fall
Equation of the chord of contact of the tangents freely. Will an induced emf be set up? ® No
through A(h, k) is • Which of A.C. or D.C. is blocked by a capacitor?
® D.C.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 17 NOVEMBER 2009

 Physics Challenging Problems Set # 7

This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in physics that would be very helpful in facing IIT
JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and we
hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Dev Sharma
Sol ut i ons w il l be publ i s he d i n ne xt is s ue Director Academics, Jodhpur Branch

Passage # 1 (Ques. 1 to 3) 5. Part-A and Part-B, a pair of closed and open cone is
Upper Branch shown. In Part - A the charge on both the cones is
V1 V1 V1 ...............up to infinite. same and in part - B surface charge density on both
a b
the cones is same
All the cones are rotating with angular speed ω as
V
Lower Branch shown in figure then
Resistance of volt meters V1, V2, V3 ...... are
Part-A Part-B
R R R R R
R, , , , , ...... respectively ω ω ω ω
ln e 2 4 ln e (2 ) 16
3 5
ln e (2 )
then
1. Find the resistance of voltmeter V such that the Q Q σ σ
current in upper branch is same as in lower branch. C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4
2. If the reading of voltmeter is V1 is X and the sum of
(A) Equivalent current of C-1 and C-3 is same
reading of all the voltmeters in upper branch except
irrespective to value of σ
voltmeter X is Y then. Is X = Y or not. Write the
(B) Equivalent current of C-1 and C-2 is same
reason to support your answer.
(C) Equivalent current of C-3 and C-4 is different
3. If the resistance of the voltmeter V is R then write the
(D) Equivalent current of Part - A and Part-B
relation between the reading of voltmeter V1 and V.
can be same dependent on value of σ
4. A rod is rotating about axis YY′ as shown below the
linear charge density at distance x is λ(x) = 3x and it
Passage # 2 (Ques. 6 to 8)
is rotating with angular speed ω about axis YY′ then
A multirange voltmeter is shown below. The
Y galvanometer is having the resistance of it's coil as
x. 10Ω and the maximum potential difference that can
A B be applied across the galvanometer is 50mv then
a.
b. CT
G
Y' R1 R2 R3

3ω 2 2
(A) Equivalent current i = (b – a ) a b c
4π 5V
(B) If length of the rod varies keeping (a + b) as CT is the common terminal
4π 6. If the range between CT and a is 5volt then the value
constant and angular speed ω = then
3 of resistance R1.
equivalent current i is directly proportional to 7. If the range between CT and b is just double as the
length of rod range between CT and a then the value of resistance
(C) Charge on rod is 3(b2 – a2) R2.
(D) Charge on rod is 3/2(b2 – a2) 8. If the value of R3 is 3000Ω then what will be the
range between CT and c.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 18 NOVEMBER 2009

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 19 NOVEMBER 2009
 8 Solution
Set # 6

Physics Challenging Problems

Que s t i ons we r e Publ is he d i n Oc t obe r I s s ue

1. As shown in graph, the relation of U v/s PV is f

4. As C V = b R and = b = C 0 + C 1t2,
linear So, 2

U df
f = 2C 0 + 2C 1t2 and = 4C1t
dt
df / dt v/s t graph is a straight line with slope 4C1.
(0, a)
→ →
φ 5. As v and are B mutually perpendicular so path

PV will be circular but due to presence of resistive

U = (tan φ).PV + a as (tan φ) = b medium speed decreases and radius of circular

So, U = b. PV + a path decreases.

Using ideal gas equation PV = nRT So, path is spiral of decreasing radius

U = b (nRT) + a Option (D) is correct

Differentiate it, [For Ans. 6, 7, 8]

dU = nbRdT The equivalent circuit diagram is

As dU = n C V dT As 'a' is grounded

f f a
So C V = bR = R ⇒ =b
2 2 As 'a'
grounded c
e2 = vB(2e)=2vBI = 60 volt
Degrees of freedom of the gas, f = 2b as b = 3

So f = 6 e1 = 2v(B)1 d As 'd' is grounded

= 2v BI = 60V
Degrees of freedom are 6 so it is tri-atomic
non- linear gas. b
x Y
2 2 R=10Ω
2. γ=1+ ⇒γ=1+ as f = 2b
f 2b
So, γ = 1 + b–1 6. Current through 'R' is from Y to x
120
3. As C V = bR it is not dependent on 'a' so if a varies i= = 12 Amp.
10
there is no change in the value of C V.
CV 7. Potential difference across a and c is 60 volt.

8. Charge on deutron is e so energy of deutron is

a 120eV.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 20 NOVEMBER 2009

 Students' Forum
Expert’s Solution for Question asked by IIT-JEE Aspirants
PHYSICS
1. A stone is projected with velocity v0 at an angle θ0 v 20 sin 2θ 0 v 2 sin 2 θ 0
from the horizontal. Find the angular velocity of the where R = and H = 0
g 2g
stone relative to the point of projection, while it is at
its maximum height. Substituting the above values in Eqn.(2)
Sol. Method 1 :  2g cos θ 0 
The position vector of the particle at any arbitrary θ& =   cos2θ
 v sin 2 θ 
instant when it is at point P is given by :  0 0 

r(P) = xi + yj, r = y tanθi + yi 2. A bead of mass m is fitted onto a rough rod of length
Differentiating w.r.t. time we get, of 2l and can move along it only. At the initial
dr dy dy moment the bead is in the middle of the rod. The rod
= tanθ i + y sec2θ θ& i + j moves translationally in space with the constant
dt dt dt acceleration a in a direction forming an angle α with
At the highest point of trajectory. the rod (fig.)
dy v 2 sin 2 θ 0
= 0 and y = H = 0
dt 2g a m
So, at the sought point, α
y
ur l

P v
(a) Find the time when the bead will leave the rod if
the co-efficient of friction between bead and the rod
θ y uθ is µk. (Neglect the weight of the bead)
H (b) Do the part (a) of this problem without neglecting
O x the weight of the bead.
x
R Sol. Let us work in the frame of the rod.
(a) In this case in the absence of friction, under the
v0 cos θ0 i = H sec θ . θ& i
2
action of the inertial force – ma the bead will move
v cos θ 0 up along the rod, hence the kinetic friction will act
So, θ& = 0 cos2θ along the rod down (fig.)
H
From F x = ma x
 2g cos θ 0  ma cos α – µN = ma rel (1)
or, θ& =   cos2θ
 v sin 2 θ  From, Fy = may
 0 0 
Method 2 : N = ma sin α (2)
At an arbitrary instant, when the particle is at point P Using (2) in (1), we get
tan θ = x/y arel = a(cos α – µ sin α)
Differentiating Eqn. (1) w.r.t. time we get y x
N
dy dx
x −y
2 & dt dt m
sec θ θ = a
y2
fr
 dy dx  α
x −y 
θ& =  dt 2 dt  cos2θ From kinematic equation in the frame of the rod.
 y  1 1
  ∆x = v0xt + a xt2 or, l = 0 + arel t2
  2 2
dx dy 2l 2l
At position P, = v0 cos θ0, = 0, t= =
dt dt a rel a (cos α − µ sin α)
x = R/2 and y = H

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 21 NOVEMBER 2009

 (b) In the frame of rod, the bead is under the action of 2l
three forces N, –ma and mg, except kinetic friction. =
g (sin α − µ cos α) − a (µ cos α + µ sin α)
Case (i): If a cos α > g sin α, then the kinetic friction
having the value of µkN will act to resist the upward [In this part of problem a cosα = g sinα is not relevant]
motion of the bead along the rod. (Fig.)
From, Fy = may (for the bead) 3. Determine the period of oscillations of mercury of
N – mg cos α – ma sin α = 0 mass m poured into a bent tube whose arms form the
N = m a (sin α + g cos α) (1) angles θ1 and θ 2 with the vertical respectively (Fig.
and from a). The cross-sectional area of the tube is s. neglect
F x = cosα – µN – mg sinα = ma rel (2) the viscosity of the mercury.
x θ1 θ1 θ2
y
θ2 x
N x
a ma

fr
α mg
• ••
Using (1) in (2), we get Sol. Method 1: ( x = dx/dt, x = d2x/dt2)
arel = a cosα – µ(a sinα + g cosα) – g sinα If at an arbitrary moment during the oscillations, the
mercury rises in the left arm by x it must fall by the
or, arel = a(cosα + µsinα) – g(µ cosα + sinα) (3)
same length in the other arm. As the viscosity of the
From kinematic equation, (in the frame of rod)
mercury is negligible, the mechanical energy of
1 oscillations of the given system is conserved, i.e.
∆x = v0xt + a xt2
2 U(x) + T(x, x) = Constant.
1 Taking the P.E. of oscillations zero at the equilibrium
or, l = 0 + arel t2
2 position and using the mathematical trick of negative
mass, the conservation of M.E. of oscillations gives:
2l 2l
t= = x cos θ1  x cos θ 2 
a rel a (cos α − µ sin α ) − g(µ cos α + sin α) (s x ρ) g – sx (−ρ)g 
2  2 
Case (ii): When g sinα > a cosα , the bead will move
down along the rod, so the kinetic friction will act 1 •
+ m( x )2 = Constant
upward along the rod. (Fig.) 2
From, sρg 2 1 •
Fy' = may' or, x (cosθ2 +cosθ 2) + m( x )2= Constant
2 2
N = m (g cosα + a sinα) (4) Differentiating w.r.t. time, we get
and from F x' = ma x' sρg (cos θ1 + cos θ 2 ) • 1 • ••
mg sinα – µN – mg cosα = m arel (5) 2x x + m 2 x x = 0
Using (4) in (5), we get 2 2
a'rel = g sinα – µ(g cosα + a sinα) – a cosα •• sρg (cos θ1 + cos θ 2 )
or x=– x
m
N fr Thus, the sought time period,
m
T = 2π
ma sρg (cos θ1 + cos θ 2 )
Method 2:
α mg If the mercury rises in the left arm by x, obviously it
must fall by the same length in the right arm. At this
x' position the total pressure difference in the two arms
or, a'rel =g(sinα – µ(g cosα) – a(cosα + sinα)) (6) will be
From the kinematic equation, ρg x cos θ 1 + ρg x cos θ2 = ρg x (cos θ1 + cos θ2)
1 This will give rise to a restoring force
∆x' = v 0x' t + a x' t2
2 – ρg x (cos θ1 + cos θ2) s
1 This must equal mass times acceleration which can
or, l = 0 + a'rel t2 be obtained from work-energy principle.
2
2l The K.E. of the mercury
So, t' =
a ' rel 1
in the tube is clearly : m(x)2
2

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 22 NOVEMBER 2009

 •• F = q (v × B)
So mass times acceleration must be : m x
 
Hence, or, { } µ i
F = q  v x i + v y j ×  0 ( −k )  
••   2π x 
m x + ρ g x(cos θ1 + cos θ 2) s = 0
which is the Eq. of S.H.M. with time period µ qi
or, = 0 (–vy i + vxj) (A)
m 2π x
T = 2π µ q i vy µ qi vy
ρ g s(cos θ1 + cos θ 2 ) so, Fx = – 0 so, ax = – 0
2π mx 2π mx
4. A sphere and a cube of the same material and same v x dv x µ 0 q i v y
total surface area are placed in the same space turn by or, = (1)
dx 2π mx
turn, after heating them to the same temperature. 2 2
But v x + v y = v2
Compare their initial rate of cooling in the enclosure.
Sol. Rate of emission of energy so, 2v xdv x = 2vydvy = 0 or, v xdv x = – vydvy (2)
From Eqns. (1) and (2)
 dT 
σ T4 S = msphere c  −  dv y
 dt sphere
2πm = dx
 dT  µ0 qi x
Also σ T4 S = mcube c  − 
 dt cube 2πm
v x
dx
So,
( −dT / dt )sphere msphere Vsphere
= =
or,
µ0 qi ∫
0
dvy = ∫x
x0
( −dT / dt )cube mcube Vcube
2πm x
3/2 or, v = ln
4πr 3 4π  S  µ0 qi x0
But Vsphere= =   , because, S=4πr2
3 3  4π  Hence, x = x0 e 2 π mv/µ0 qi

S3 / 2 Note : Instead of F x we may write Fy from Eqn. (A)

and Vcube = a3 = , because, S = 6a2 and then proceed in similar fashion.
63/ 2
( 4π −1/ 2 × 6 3 / 2 )
Hence the required ratio = = 1.38
3 MEMORABLE POINTS
5. A positive point charge q of mass m, kept at a • The vector relation between linear velocity and
distance x0 (in the same plane) from a fixed very long → → →
straight current i is projected normally away from it angular velocity is ® v =ω× r
with speed v. Find the maximum separation between • In the case of uniform circular motion the angle between
the wire and the particle. → → →
Sol. We know that a moving charge in magnetic field ω and r is always ® 90º(hence | v | = ωr
experiences a side way force given by the formula
• The relation between Faraday constant F, Avogadro
F = q (v × B) at a certain instant of time. As the number N and the electronic charge e is ® F = Ne
magnetic field is not uniform, the particle does not
follow the circular path but the speed (v) of the • Depolariser used in Lechlanche cell is
particle is constant. Here the magnetic field set up by ® Manganese dioxide
the straight current is directed normally into the page
• The absorption or evolution of heat at a junction of
(i.e., along the negative z-axis) and the initial velocity
two dissimilar metals when a current is passed is
of the particle is along x-axis and further the force F known as ® Peltier effect
is always in the x-y plane, so the motion of the
particle is confined in the xy plane. The force at time • The part of the human ear where sound is transduced
t (Fig.) after starting from point P is. is the ® Cochlea
y • Similar trait resulting from similar selection pressure
acting on similar gene pool is termed
i
® Parallel evolution

x0. • Group of related species with the potential, directly

O x
or indirectly, of forming fertile hybrids with one
x. another is called ® Coenospecies

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 23 NOVEMBER 2009

 P HYSICS F U NDAMENTAL F OR IIT-J EE

Electromagnetic Induction & A.C.

KEY CONCEPTS & PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

Electromagnetic Induction (E.M.I.) When an emf is induced by a changing magnetic flux

Faraday's law states that the induced emf in a closed through a stationary conductor, there is an induced
loop equals the negative of time rate of change of r
magnetic flux through the loop. This relation is valid electric field E of non-electrostatic origin. This field
whether the flux change is caused by a changing is non conservative and cannot be associated with a
magnetic field, motion of the loop, or both. potential.
dΦ B r r dΦ B
ε=–
dt ∫ E.d l = –
dt
B A G
φ E
I B
ε
r
E
Lenz's law states that an induced current or emf
always tends to oppose or cancel out the change that E
caused it. Lenz's law can be derived from Faraday's When a bulk piece of conducting material, such as a
law, and is often easier to use. metal, is in a changing magnetic field or moves
Change in B through a field, currents called eddy currents are
B (increasing) induced in the volume of the material.

I B0
ε
I´
I0
Binduced
If a conductor moves in a magnetic field, a motional B´
emf is induced.
ε = vBL A time-varying electric field generates a
r displacement current iD, which acts as a source of
(conductor with length L moves rin uniform B field,
r r magnetic field in exactly the same way as conduction
L and v both perpendicular to B and to each other)
current.
r r r
∫
ε = (v × B ).d l
r iD = ε
dΦ E
(displacement current)
(all or part of a closed loop moves in a B field) dt
×B × × a × × × Alternating Current (A.C.)
+ a
× × × × × × An alternator or ac source produces an emf varies
F=qvB sinusoidally with time. A sinusoidal voltage or
× × × × × ×
current can be represented of the by a phasor, a
L q v
× × × × × × vector that rotates counterclockwise with constant
× × × × × × angular velocity ω equals to the angular frequency of
F = qE the sinusoidal quantity. Its projection on the
× × × × × ×
horizontal axis at any instant represents the
–
× × × × × × instantaneous value of the quantity.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 24 NOVEMBER 2009

 ω V = IZ
I Z = R 2 + ( X L − X C ) 2 = R 2 + [ωL − (1 / ωC )]2
ωL − 1 / ωC
tan φ =
R
ωt
V L = IXL V = IZ
O i=I cos ωt
For a sinusoidal current, the rectified average and rms
(root-mean-square) currents are proportional to the I
current amplitude I. Similarly, the rms value of a
V L – VC φ ωt
sinusoidal voltage is proportional to the voltage
amplitude V. VR = IR
2 O
Irav = I = 0.637 I
π V C = IXC
I V The average power input Pav to an ac circuit depend
Irms = ; Vrms =
2 2 on the voltage and current amplitudes (or,
In general, the instantaneous voltage between two equivalently, their rms values) and the phase angle φ
points in an ac circuit is not in phase with the of the voltage relative to the current. The quantity
instantaneous current passing through points. The cos φ is called the power factor.
quantity φ is called the phase angle of the voltage 1
relative to the current. Pav = VI cos φ = Vrms Irms cos φ
2
i = I cos ωt v, i, p
v = V cos(ωt + φ)
Pav = ½ VIcosφ ?
I
V p
φ V cosφ
ωt t
O φ p
The voltage across a resistor R is in phase with the ω i
current. The voltage across an inductor L leads the In an L-R-C series circuit, the current becomes
current by 90º (φ = + 90º), while the voltage across a maximum and the impedance becomes minimum at
capacitor C lags the current by 90º(φ = –90º). The
voltage amplitude across each type of device is an angular frequency ω 0 = 1/ LC called the
proportional to the current amplitude I. An inductor resonance angular frequency. This phenomenon is
has inductive reactance XL = ωL and a capacitor has called resonance. At resonance the voltage and
capacitive reactance XC = 1/ωC. current are in phase, and the impedance Z is equal to
VR = IR; VL = IXL; VC = IXC the resistance R.
Resistor connected to Inductor connected to I(A)
ac source ac source 200 Ω
0.5
0.4
0.3 500 Ω
i i
0.2 2000 Ω
a R b a b 0.1
L 0 ω (rad/s)
Capacitor connected to 1000 2000
ac source A transformer is used to transform the voltage and
current levels in an ac circuit. In an ideal transformer
with no energy losses, if the primary winding has N1
i turns and the secondary winding has N2 turns, the
q –q i amplitudes (or rms values) of the two voltages are
related by Eq. The amplitudes (or rms values) of the
a C b primary and secondary voltages and currents are
In a general ac circuit, the voltage and current
related by Eq.
amplitude are related by the circuit impedance Z. In
an L-R-C series circuit, the values of L, R, C, and the V2 N
= 2 ; V1I1 = V2I2
angular frequency ω determine the impedance and V1 N1
the phase angle φ of the voltage relative to the current.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 25 NOVEMBER 2009

Problem Solving Strategy (P.S.S.) :
Faraday' Law
Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts: Faraday's law
applies when there is a changing magnetic flux. To
use the law, make sure you can identify an area
through which there is a flux of magnetic field. This
will usually be the area enclosed by a loop, usually
made of a conducting material. As always, identify
the target variable(s).
Step 2: Set up the problems using the following steps
Faraday's law relates the induced emf to the rate
of change of magnetic flux. To calculate this rate
of change, you first have to understand what is
making the flux change. Is the conductor moving?
Is it changing orientation? Is the magnetic field
changing? Remember that it's not the flux itself
that counts, but its rate of change.
r r
Choose a direction for the area vector A or dA .
The direction must always be perpendicular to the
plane of the area. Note that you always have two
choice of direction. For instance, if the plane of
r Lenz's law and the sign rule described in section
the area is horizontal, A could point straight up
or straight down. It's like choosing which
direction is the positive one in a problem
involving motion in a straight line; it doesn't
matter which direction you choose, just so you
use it consistently throughout the problem.
Step 3: Execute the solution as follows :
Calculate the magnetic flux using Eq.
r r r inductor in the opposite direction from the
φB = B . A = BA cos φ if B is uniform over the
r r
∫ ∫
area of the loop or eq. φ B = B . dA = B dA cos φ
if it is not uniform, being mindful of the direction
you chose for the area vector.
dφ B
Calculate the induced emf using Eq. ε = –
dt
dφ B
(Faraday's law of induction) or ε = –N .
dt
If your conductor has N turns in a coil, do not
forget multiply by N. Remember the sign rule for
the positive direction of emf and use it
consistently.
If the circuit resistance is known, you can
calculate the magnitude of the induced current I
using ε = IR.
Step 4: Evaluate your answer : Check your results for
the proper units, and double-check that you have
properly implemented the sign rules for calculating
magnetic flux and induced emf.
P.S.S. :: Inductors in Circuits :
Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts : An inductor is
just another circuit element, like a source of emf, a
resistor, or a capacitor. One key difference is that
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE
when an inductor is included in a circuit, all the
voltages, currents, and capacitor charges are in
general functions of time, not constants as they have
been in most of our previous circuit analysis. But
Kirchhoff's rules, which we studied in section, are
still valid. When the voltages and currents vary with
time, Kirchhoff's rules hold at each instant of time.
Step 2: Set up the problem using the following steps
Draw a large circuit diagram and label all
quantities known and unknown. Apply the
junction rule immediately at any junction.
Determine which quantities are the target
variables.
Step 3: Execute the solution as follows :
Apply Kirchhoff's loop rule to each loop in the
circuit.
As in all circuit analysis, getting the correct sign
for each potential difference is essential. To get
the correct sign for the potential difference
between the terminals of an inductor, remember
di
in conjunction with eq. ε = –L (self-induced
dt
emf) and fig. In Kirchhoff's loop rule, when we
go through an inductor in the same direction as
the assumed current, we encounter a voltage drop
equal to L di/dt, so the corresponding term in the
loop equation is –L di/dt. When we go through an
assumed current, the potential difference is
reversed and the term to use in the loop equation
is + L di/dt.
a
i L
b
di
Vab = L
dt
Inductor with current i following from a to b:
If di/dt > 0 : potential drops from a to b
If di/dt < 0: potential increases from a to b
If i is constant (di/dt = 0): no potential difference
As always, solve for the target variables.
Step 4: Evaluate your answer : Check whether your
answer is consistent with the way that inductors
behave. If the current through an inductor is
changing, your result should indicate that the
potential difference across the inductor opposes the
change. If not, you probably used an incorrect sign
somewhere in your calculation.
26 NOVEMBER 2009
P.S.S. :: Alternating –Current Circuits : VL = IXL V = IZ
Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts: All of the φ V = IZ
VR = IR I
concepts that we used to analyze direct-current I
circuits also apply to alternating current circuits. VL = IXL
VL – VC φ ωt
However, we must be careful to distinguish between ωt
the amplitudes of alternating currents and voltages VR = IR O VL–VC
and their instantaneous values. We must also keep in O
VC = IXC VC=IXC
mind the distinctions between resistance (for Phasor diagram for the Phasor diagram for the
resistors), reactance (for inductors or capacitors), and case XL> XC case XL< X C
impedance (for composite circuits).
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
Step 2: Set up the problem using the following steps
Evaluate your answer : When working with a series
Draw a diagram of the circuit and label all known L-R-C circuit, you can check your results by
and unknown quantities. comparing the values of the inductive reactance XL
Determine the target variables. and the capacitive reactance XC. If XL > XC, then the
Step 3: Execute the solution as follows : voltage amplitude across the inductor is greater than
In ac circuit problem it is nearly always easiest to that across the capacitor and the phase angle φ is
positive (between 0 and 90º). If XL < XC , then the
work with angular frequency ω. If you are given
voltage amplitude across the inductor is less than that
the ordinary frequency f, expressed in Hz, convert
across the capacitor and the phase angle φ is negative
it using the relation ω = 2πf. between (0 and –90º).
Keep in mind a few basic facts about phase
relationships. For a resistor, voltage and current
are always in phase, and the two corresponding Solved Examples
phasor in a diagram always have the same
direction. For an inductor, the voltage always
1. A coil of 160 turns of cross-sectional area 250 cm2
leads the current by 90º (i.e., φ = + 90º), and the rotates at an angular velocity of 300 rad/sec. about an
voltage phasor is always turned 90º axis parallel to the plane of the coil in a uniform
counterclockwise from the current phasor. For a magnetic field of 0.6 weber/metre2. What is the
capacitor, the voltage always lags the current by maximum e.m.f. induced in the coil. If the coil is
90º (i.e., φ = –90º), and the voltage phasor is connected to a resistance of 2 ohm, what is the
always turned 90º clockwise from the current maximum torque that has to be delivered to maintain
phasor. its motion ?
Remember that with ac circuits, all voltages and Sol. We know that, e max = NABω
currents are sinusoidal functions of time instead = 160 × 0.6 × (250 × 10–4) × 300
of being constant, but Kirchhoff's rules hold = 720 volt.
nonetheless at each instant. Thus, in a series
circuit, the instantaneous current is the same in all e max 720
Now imax = = = 360 amp
circuit elements; in a parallel circuit, the R 2
instantaneous potential difference is the same τ(torque) = NiBA sin θ
across all circuit elements. τmax = NiBA
Inductive reactance, capacitive reactance, and = 160 × 360 × 0.6 × (250 × 10–4)
impedance are analogous to resistance; each = 864 newton metre
represents the ratio of voltage amplitude V to
This torque opposes the rotation of the coil (Lenz's
current amplitude I in a circuit element or
Law). Hence to maintain the rotation of the coil, an
combination of elements. Keep in mind, however,
equal torque must be applied in opposite direction. So
that phase relations play an essential role. The the torque required is = 864 newton metre.
effect of resistance and reactance have to be
combined by vector addition of the corresponding
voltage phasors, as in fig(i) & (ii). When you 2. A closed coil having 50 turns, area 300 cm2, is
have several circuit elements in series, for rotated from a position where it plane makes an angle
example, you can't just add all the numerical of 45º with a magnetic field of flux density 2.0
weber/metre2 to a position perpendicular to the field
values of resistance and reactance to get the
in a time 0.1 sec. What is the average e.m.f. induced
impedance; that would ignore the phase relations. in the coil ?

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 27 NOVEMBER 2009

Sol. The flux linked initially with each turn of the coil is (a) the potential difference across R, L and C
Φ = B.A = BA cos θ = BA cos 45º (b) the impedance of the circuit
Substituting the values, we get (c) the voltage of A.C. supply
 weber  (d) phase angle
Φ = 2.0  2
 × (300 × 104 metre–2)×(0.7071) Sol. (a) Potential difference across resistance
 metre 
VR = iR = 5 × 16 = 80 volt
= 4.24 × 10–2 weber
Potential difference across inductance
The final flux linked with each turn of the coil
VL = i × (ωL) = 5 × 24 = 120 volt
Φ´ = BA cos 0º = BA
Potential difference across condenser
= 2.0 × (300 × 10–4)
= 6.0 × 10–2 weber VC = i × (1/ωC) = 5 × 12 = 60 volt

Change in flux = Φ´ – Φ  1  
2
2 
(b) Z = R +  ωL −  
= (6.0 × 10–2) – 4.24 × 10–2   ωC  
= 1.76 × 10–2 Weber
This change is carried out in 0.1 sec. The magnitude = [(16) 2 + (24 − 12) 2 ] = 20 ohm
of the e.m.f. induced in the coil is given by
(c) The voltage of A.C. supply is given by
d (Φ´−Φ )
e=N E = iZ = 5 × 20 = 100 volt
dt (d) Phase angle
1.76 ×10 −5  ωL − (1 / ωC ) 
= 50 × = 8.8 volt. φ = tan–1 
0.1 R 
 
3. A vertical copper disc of diameter 20 cm makes  24 − 12 
10 revolution per second about a horizontal axis = tan–1  
 16 
passing through it centre. A uniform magnetic field
10–2 weber/m2 acts perpendicular to the plane of the = tan–1(0.75) = 36º46´
disc. Calculate the potential difference between its
centre and rim in volt. 5. A 100 volt A.C. source of frequency 500 hertz is
Sol. The magnetic flux Φ linked with the disc is given by connected to a L-C-R circuit with L = 8.1 millinery,
C = 12.5 microfarad and R = 10 ohm, all connected
Φ = BA
in series. Find the potential difference across the
The induced e.m.f. (potential difference) between rim resistance.
and centre Sol. The impedance of L-C-R circuit is given by
dΦ d dA
∴ e=– = – (BA) = B (numerically) Z= [R 2 + (X L − X C ) 2 ]
dt dt dt
where XL = ωL = 2πfL
dA
where is the area swept out by the disc in unit time. = 2 × 3.14 × 500 × (8.1 × 10–3)
dt
= 25.4 ohm
dA 1 1
∴ = πr2 × number of revolutions per second and XC = =
dt ωC 2πfC
= 3.14 × (0.1)2 × 10 1
=
= 0.314 2 × 3.14 × 500 × (12.5 × 10 − 6 )
–2 2 2
∴ e = (10 weber/m ) × (0.314 m /sec) = 25.4 ohm
= 3.14 × 10–3 volt.
∴ Z = [(10) 2 + (25.4 − 25.4) 2 ] = 10 ohm
4. A resistance R and inductance L and a capacitor C all E r.m.s 100 volt
are connected in series with an A.C. supply. The ∴ ir.m.s. = = = 10 amp.
Z 10 ohm
resistance of R is 16 ohm and for a given frequency,
the inductive reactance of L is 24 ohm and capacitive Potential difference across resistance
reactance of C is 12 ohm, If the current in the circuit VR = ir.m.s. × R = 10 amp × 10 ohm = 100 volt.
is 5 amp., find

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 28 NOVEMBER 2009

 P HYSICS F U NDAMENTAL F OR IIT-J EE

Simple Harmonic Motion

KEY CONCEPTS & PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

Periodic motion is motion that repeats itself in a In SHM, the displacement, velocity, and acceleration
definite cycle. It occurs whenever a body has a stable are sinusoidal functions of time. The angular
equilibrium position and a restoring force that acts frequency is ω = k / m ; the amplitude A and phase
when it is displaced from equilibrium. Period T is the
angle φ are determined by the initial position and
time for one cycle. Frequency f is the number of
velocity of the body.
cycles per unit time. Angular frequency ω is 2π times
the frequency. x = A cos(ωt + φ)
1 1 2π x
f = or T = ; ω = 2πf = A
T f T
y y y
O t
n a n a n
x x x T 2T
mg F O O mg O F mg –A
If the net force is a restoring force F that is directly Energy is conserved in SHM. The total energy can be
proportional to the displacement x, the motion is expressed in terms of the force constant k and
called simple harmonic motion (SHM). In many amplitude A.
cases this condition is satisfied if the displacement 1 1 1
from equilibrium is small. E = mv x2 + kx2 = kA2 = constant
2 2 2
F k
F x = –kx; ax = x = – x Energy
m m E = K+U
Restoring force Fx
U
x<0 Fx = – kx

Fx > 0
Displacement x
K x
0 x>0
–A O A
Fx < 0
In angular simple harmonic motion, the frequency
The circle of reference construction uses a rotating and angular frequency are related to the moment of
vector called a phasor, having a length equal to the inertia I and the torsion constant k.
amplitude of the motion. Its projection on the k 1 k
horizontal axis represents the actual motion of a body ω= and f =
in simple harmonic motion. I 2π I
y A simple pendulum consists of a point mass m at the
Displacement
end of a massless string of length L. Its motion is
Q approximately simple harmonic for sufficiently small
A amplitude; the angular frequency, frequency, and
P period depend only on g and L, not on the mass or
x
O amplitude.
x= A cos θ

θ T
The angular frequency, frequency, and period in
SHM do not depend on the amplitude, but only on the L
x m
mass m and force constant k.
mg sinθ
k ω 1 k 1 m θ mg cosθ
ω= ; f= = ; T= = 2π
m 2π 2π m f k mg

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 29 NOVEMBER 2009

 g ω 1 g If you need to find the values of x, v x, and a x at
ω= ; f= = various times, use Eqs.
L 2π 2π L
ω 1 k dx
2π 1 L f= = , vx = = – ωA sin (ωt + φ)
T= = = 2π 2π 2π m dt
ω f g
dv x d2x
A physical pendulum is a body suspended from an and a x = = 2 = –ω 2A cos (ωt + φ).
axis of rotation a distance d from its center of gravity. dt dt
If the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is I, If the initial position x0 and initial velocity v0x are
the angular frequency and period for small-amplitude both given, you can determine the phase angle
oscillations are independent of amplitude. v 
and amplitude from Eqs. φ = arctan  0 x 
ω=
mgd
; T = 2π
I  ωx 0 
I mgd
v 20 x
(phase angle in SHM) and A = x 02 +
O z ω2
(amplitude in SHM). If the body is given an
d sinθ θ d initial positive displacement x0 but zero initial
cg velocity (v0x = 0), then the amplitude is A = x0
mg sinθ
and the phase angle is φ = 0. If it has an initial
mg cosθ positive velocity v0x but no initial displacement
(x0 = 0), the amplitude is A = v0x / ω and the
mg
phase angle is φ = –π/2.
Problem Solving Strategy :
Step 4: Evaluate your answer : Check your results to
Simple Harmonic Motion I : make sure that they're consistent. As an example,
Step 1: Identify the relevant concepts : An oscillating suppose you've used the initial position and velocity
system under goes simple harmonic motion (SHM) to find general expressions for x and v x at time t. If
only if the restoring force is directly proportional to you substitute t = 0 into these expressions, you
the displacement. Be certain that this is the case for should get back the correct values of x0 and vv x.
the problem at hand before attempting to use any of Simple Harmonic Motion II
the results of this section. As always, identify the
The energy equation
target variables.
Step 2: Set up the problem using the following steps 1 1 1
E= mv 2x + kx2 = kA2 = constant ...(i)
Identify the known and unknown quantities, and 2 2 2
determine which are the target variables. is a useful alternative relation between velocity and
It's useful to distinguish between two kinds of position, especially when energy quantities are also
quantities. Basic properties of the system include required. If the problem involves a relation among
the mass m and force constant k. (In some position, velocity, and acceleration without reference
problems, m, k, or both can be determined from to time, it is usually easier to use Eq.
other information.) They also include quantities d2x k
derived from m and k, such as the period T, ax = 2
=– x ...(ii)
dt m
frequency f, and angular frequency ω. Properties
of the motion describe how the system behaves (from Newton's second law) or eq. (i) (from energy
when it is set into motion in a particular way. conservation) than to use the general expressions for
They include the amplitude A, maximum velocity x, v x, and a x as functions of time [Eqs.
vmax, and phase angle φ, as well as the values of x = A cos (ωt + φ) (displacement in SHM),
x,v x, and a x at the particular time. dx
If necessary, define an x-axis as. vx = = –ωA sin (ωt + φ) (velocity in SHM) and
dt
Step 3: Execute the solution as follows :
dv x d2x
Use the equations T = 1/f and ω = 2πf = 2π/T to ax = = 2
= – ω 2A cos (ωt + φ) (acceleration
solve for the target variables. dt dt
in SHM), respectively ]. Because the energy equation
If you need to calculate the phase angle, be involves x2 and v x2, it cannot tell you the sign of x or
certain to express it in radians. The quantity ωt in v x, you have to infer the sign from the situation. For
Eq. F x = – kx is naturally in radians, so φ must be instance, if the body is moving from the equilibrium
as well. position towards the point of greatest positive
displacement, then x is positive and v x is positive.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 30 NOVEMBER 2009

 4. A particle of mass m is located in a unidimensional
Solved Examples potential field where the potential energy of the
particle depends on the coordinate x as
1. A body of mass 1 kg is executing simple harmonic U(x) = U0(1 – cos C x); U0 and C are constants. Find
motion which is given by x = 6.0 cos (100 t + π/4) the period of small oscillations that the particle
cm. What is the (i) amplitude of displacement, performs about the equilibrium position.
(ii) frequency, (iii) initial phase, (iv) velocity, Sol. Given that U(x) = U0(1 – cos C x)
(v) acceleration, (vi) maximum kinetic energy ? dV( x )
Sol. The given equation of S.H.M. is We know that F = ma = –
dx
x = 6.0 cos (100 t + π/4) cm
Comparing it with the standard equation of S.H.M., 1  dU( x )  1
∴ a=  −  = [– U0 C sin C]
x = a cos (ωt + φ), we have m  dx  m
(i) amplitude a = 6.0 cm (ii) frequency ω = 100 /sec U 0C U C2
(iii) initial phase φ = π/4 or a = – [C x] = – 0 x (Q sin Cx ≈ Cx)
m m
(iv) velocity v = ω (a 2 − x 2 ) = 100 (36 − x 2 ) Here acceleration is directly proportional to the
negative of displacement. So, the motion is S.H.M.
(v) acceleration = –ω 2 x = – (100)2x = – 10 4 x
Time period T is given by
1 1
(vi) kinetic energy = mv2 = mω 2(a2 – x2)  m 
2 2 2π 2π
T= = = 2π  
When x = 0, the kinetic energy is maximum, i.e., ω  U C2 
(U 0 C 2 / m)  0 
1 1  36 
(K.E.)max = mω 2a2 = × 1 × 104 ×  metre  5. Find the period of small oscillations in a vertical
2 2  100 
plane performed by a ball of mass m = 40 g fixed at
= 18 joules
the middle of a horizontally stretched string l = 1.0 m
2. A particle of mass 0.8 kg is executing simple in length. The tension of the string is assumed to be
harmonic motion with an amplitude of 1.0 metre and
constant and equal to F = 10 N.
periodic time 11/7 sec. Calculate the velocity and the
kinetic energy of the particle at the moment when its Sol. The situation is showing in fig. The components of T
displacement is 0.6 meter. in upwards direction are T cos θ and T cos θ. Hence
the force acting on the ball = 2 T cos θ
Sol. We know that, v = ω (a 2 − y 2 )
l/2 l/2
Further ω = 2π/T
x
2π 2× 3.14
∴ v= (a 2 − y 2 ) = [(1.0) 2 − (0.6) 2 ] T θ
T (11 / 7) θ T
= 3.2 m/sec
Kinetic energy at this displacement is given by 2Fx
∴ma = –
1 1 (l 2 / 4 + x 2 )
K = mv 2 = × 0.8 × (3.2)2 = 4.1 joule
2 2 x
Q T = F and cos θ =
3. A person normally weighing 60 kg stands on a
(l / 4 + x 2 )2
platform which oscillates up and down harmonically
at a frequency 2.0 sec–1 and an amplitude 5.0 cm. If a As x is small, x2 can be neglected from the
machine on the platform gives the person's weight denominator.
against time, deduce the maximum and minimum 2Fx  4F 
reading it will show, take g = 10 m/sec2. ∴ a=– =–  x
m(l / 2)  ml 
Sol. Acceleration of the platform a = ω 2y
or a = – ω 2x where ω 2 = (4 F/ml)
Maximum acceleration
Here acceleration is directly proportional to the
amax = ω 2A (A = Amplitude) negative of displacement x. Hence the motion is S.H.M.
∴ amax = (2πν)2A (ν = frequency)
= 4(3.14)2 (2)2 × 0.05 = 7.88 m/sec2 2π 2π  ml 
T= = =π  
m(g + a max ) 60(10 + 7.88) ω (4F / ml)  F 
Maximum reading = =
g 10 Substituting the given values, we get
= 107.3 kg
M(g − a max ) 60(10 − 7.88)  ( 4 ×10 − 2 )(1.0) 
Minimum reading = = T = 3.14 ×   = 0.2 sec.
 10 
g 10  
= 12.7 kg.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 31 NOVEMBER 2009

 KEY CONCEPT

Organic Nitrogen
Chemistry
Fundamentals Compounds
Preparation of Amines : Step 1 Step 2
O O
Through Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions -
Alkylation of Ammonia Salts of primary amines can C C +
KOH – R—X
be prepared from ammonia and alkyl halides by N—H N K

••

••
••
(–KX)
nucleophilic substitution reactions. Subsequent C C
treatment of the resulting aminium salts with a base
O O
gives primary amines : Phthalimide
•• + OH– Step 3
NH3 + R — X R — NH3 X– RNH2 O
This method is of very limited synthetic application •• ••
NH2NH2
C
because multiple alkylations occur. ethanol
N—R

••
A Mechanism for the Alkylation of NH3 reflux
C (several
•• + steps)
NH3 + CH 3CH 2 — Br CH3CH2 — NH3 + Br– O
N-Alkylphthalimide
H
O O
+ •• +
CH 3CH 2 — N — H + NH3 CH3CH2NH 2 + NH4
••

H C—NHNH2
N •• (several ••
H + R—NH2
steps)
N
•• + H C—N—R
–
CH 3CH2NH2+CH 3CH 2 —Br (CH 3CH 2)2NH2+Br , etc. O
O H
Alkylation of Azide ion and Reduction: Phthalazine-1,4- Primary
dione amine
A much better method for preparing a primary amine
Phthalimide is quite acidic (pKa = 9); it can be
from an alkyl halide is first to convert the alkyl halide
converted to potassium phthalimide by potassium
to an alkyl azide (R—N3) by a nucleophilic
hydroxide (step 1). The phthalimide anion is a strong
substitution reaction: nucleophile and (in step 2) it reacts with an alkyl
••– + – •• S 2
• •• + – • Na / alcohol •• halide by an S N2 mechanism to give an N-alkyl-
R—X + •N=N=N 
• 
N
−
→ R–N=N=N 
• 
or

→ R NH2
• • (− X ) • phthalimide. At this point, the N-alkylphthalimide
LiAlH4
can be hydrolyzed with aqueous acid or base, but the
Azide ion Alkyl
(A good nucleophile) azide hydrolysis is often difficult. It is often more
Then the alkyl azide can be reduced to a primary convenient to treat the N-alkylphthalimide with
amine with sodium and alcohol or with lithium hydrazine (NH2NH2) in refluxing ethanol (step 3) to
aluminum hydride. A word of caution: Alkyl azides give a primary amine and phthalazine-1, 4-dione.
are explosive, and low-molecular-weight alkyl azides Syntheses of amines using the Gabriel synthesis are,
as we might expect, restricted to the use of methyl,
should not be isolated but should be kept in solution.
primary, and secondary alkyl halides. The use of
Sodium azide is used in automotive airbags.
tertiary halides leads almost exclusively to
The Gabriel Synthesis:
eliminations.
Potassium phthalimide (see the following reaction)
can also be used to prepare primary amines by a Reaction with Nitrous Acid
method known as the Gabriel synthesis. This Amines of different classes react with nitrous acid to
synthesis also avoids the complications of multiple yield different products. Nitrous acid being an
alkylations that occur when alkyl halides are treated unstable acid is prepared in situ by the reaction of
with ammonia: sodium nitrite and dilute hydrochloric acid.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 32 NOVEMBER 2009

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XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 34 NOVEMBER 2009

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 35 NOVEMBER 2009
XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 36 NOVEMBER 2009
 Primary aromatic amines react with nitrous acid at Stork Enamine Reactions
low temperature (273-278 K) to give aromatic Aldehydes and ketones react with secondary amines
diazonium salts. This reaction is known as to form compounds called enamines. The general
diazotisation. reaction for enamine formation can be written as
+ –
NH2 N2 Cl follows:
••O•• OH R
273 − 278 K R
  
+NaNO2 +2HCl → + NaCl+2H2O •• ••
C + HN–R C–C–N N +H2O
C R C=C
•• R
Aniline Benzene R H
diazonium H
chloride Aldehyde 2ºAmine Enamine
or ketone
Primary aliphatic amines also react with nitrous
The secondary amines most commonly used to
acid to form diazonium salt, however the aliphatic
prepare enamines are cyclic amines such as
diazonium salts being unstable, decompose to yield
pyrrolidine, piperidine and morpholine:
mixture of alcohols and alkenes, and nitrogen gas is
••
evolved. O
••
NaNO2 / HCl + H2 O
C2H5NH
2  → [C2H 5 N 2 C l
]→ ••
N
••
N
••
N
(Unstable)
H H H
C2H5OH + CH2 = CH2 + N2 + H2O Morpholine
Pyrrolidine Piperidine
Ethanol Ethene
Cyclohexanone, for example, reacts with pyrrolidine
Secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines react
in the following way:
with nitrous acid to produce nitrosoamines that are
insoluble in the aqueous solution and separate out as
••
a yellow oily layer. O N
N
CH3 CH3
( NaNO2 +HCl) H
NH + HNO2 
→ N–NO+H2O p-TsOH, –H2O

N-Methylaniline N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline N-(1-Cyclohexenyl)pyrrolidine

(an enamine)
(C2H5) 2NH + HNO2 
→ (C2H5)2N—NO + H2O Enamines are good nucleophiles. Examination of the
Diethyl amine N-Nitrosodiethylamine resonance structures that follow show that we should
The nitrosoamines on warming with a little phenol expect enamines to have both a nucleophilic nitrogen
and concentrated sulphuric acid produce red solution and a nucleophilic carbon.
which turns blue on treatment with sodium
•• +
hydroxide. This colour change provides an excellent N N
test for secondary amines and is known as
••–
Liebermann's nitroso reaction.
Tertiary aliphatic amines on reaction with nitrous
Contribution to the Contribution to the
acid form nitrites while tertiary aromatic amines hybrid made by this hybrid made by this
structure confers structure confers
undergo electrophilic substitution at the ring. nucleophilicity on
nucleophilicity on
nitrogen carbon and decreases
→ [(C2H5)3NH]+NO2–
(C2H5) 3N + HNO2  nucleophilicity of
Triethyl amine Triethylammonium nitrite nitrogen

HNO The nucleophilicity of the carbon of enamines makes

N(CH3)2 → ON
2
N(CH3) 2
Ring substitution them particularly useful reagents in organic synthesis
N,N-Dimethylaniline p-Nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline because they can be acylated, alkylatd, and used in
Michael additions. Enamines can be used as
synthetic equivalents of aldehyde or ketone enolates

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 37 NOVEMBER 2009

 because the alkene carbon of an enamine reacts the
+
same way as does the α-carbon of an aldehyde or N
ketone enolate, and after hydrolysis, the products are CH2R + X–
the same. (a) (a) N-Alkylated product
When an enamine reacts with an acyl halide or an ••
N heat
acid anhydride, the product is the C-acylated + R – CH2 – X
compound. The iminium ion that forms hydrolyzes (b) +
(b) N
when water is added, and the overall reaction
provides a synthesis of β-diketones: R=CH2=CH– or C6H5– CH2R + X–

C-Alkylated product
•• O + +
H2O
N N O– N O
+CH3C–Cl Cl O
C C
CH2R
CH3 CH3
+
Iminium salt N

O H
O
Enamine alkylations are SN2 reactions; therefore,
C + when we choose our alkylating agents, we are usually
– H2 O CH3 + N
+ Cl + Cl– restricted to the use of methyl, primary, allylic, and
H H
benzylic halides. α-Halo esters can also be used as
2-Acetylcyclohexanone
(a β-diketone) the alkylating agents, and this reaction provides a
convenient synthesis of γ-keto esters :
Although N–acylation may occur in this synthesis,
the N-acyl product is unstable and can act as an
•• O + O
acylating agent itself: N N
+Br—CH2COC2H5 CH2COC2H5 + Br –
heat
– –
Cl Cl
O + + ••
••
N N O N
N
+CH3C O
CCH3 + O
CH2COC2H5
H2 O

Enamine N-Acylated C-Acylated Enamine

enamine iminium salt A γ-keto ester
(75%)
As a consequence, the yields of C-acylated products
Enamines can also be used in Michael additions. An
are generally high. example is the following :
Enamines can be alkylated as well as acylated.
Although alkylation may lead to the formation of a •• +
N C2H5OH
N
considerable amount of N-alkylated product, heating +CH2 =CHCN
reflux CH2CH2CN
the N-alkylated product often converts it to a C-alkyl
compound. This rearrangement is particularly
favoured when the alkyl halide is an allylic halide,
O
benzylic halide, or α-haloacetic ester:
CH2CH2CN

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 38 NOVEMBER 2009

 Nitrogen
KEY CONCEPT

Inorganic
Chemistry
Fundamentals Family
Reaction of HNO3 on Metals.
(a) Metals lying below hydrogen in the
electrochemical series :
Metals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, etc., lying
below hydrogen in the electrochemical series
normally displace hydrogen from dilute acids. Nitric
acid also primarily behaves in the same manner. But,
since it is a strong oxidising agent and hydrogen is a
reducing agent, secondary reactions take place
resulting in the reduction of nitric acid to give NO,
N2O, N2 or NH3, depending upon the nature of the
metal, the temperature and the concentration of the
acid. Thus, dilute nitric acid reacts with zinc in the
cold giving N2O or N2 according to the following eq.:
4Zn + 10HNO3 → 4Zn(NO3)2 + N2O + 5H2O
5Zn + 12HNO3 → 5Zn(NO3)2 + N2 + 6H2O
Very dilute nitric acid gives NH3 which, of course, is
neutralised by nitric acid to form NH4NO3.
4Zn + 10HNO3 → 4Zn(NO3)2 + 3H2O + NH4NO3
Similarly, iron and tin also give NH4NO3 with dilute
nitric acid. Lead gives nitric oxide with dilute nitric
acid in cold. Magnesium and manganese give
hydrogen. Concentrated nitric acid essentially
behaves as an oxidising agent and metals like
aluminium, iron, chromium, etc., are rendered
'passive' probably due to surface oxidation.
(b) Metals lying above hydrogen in the
electrochemical series. : Metals such as Cu, Bi, Hg,
Ag, lying above hydrogen in the electrochemical
series, do not liberate hydrogen from acids. In case of
these metals, the action of nitric acid involves only
the oxidation of the metals into the metallic oxides
which dissolve in the acid to form nitrates
accompained by evolution of NO or NO2 according
as the acid is dilute or concentrated. For instance,
concentrated acid attacks copper giving NO2.
Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2
Dilute nitric acid gives NO.
3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO
(c) Noble metals : like Au, Pt, Rh and Ir are not
attacked by nitric acid. Gold and platinum, however,
are atacked by aqua regia (3 parts conc. HCl and 1
part conc. HNO3) which contains free chlorine.
HNO3 + 3HCl → 2H2O + 2Cl + NOCl
This chlorine attacks gold and platinum forming soluble
chlorides which form complexes with HCl, e.g.,
Au + 3Cl → AuCl3
AuCl3 + HCl → HAuCl4
Aurochloric acid
Hydroxylamine, NH2OH :
It may be regarded as derived from ammonia by the
replacement of one H atom by an OH group.
It is prepared by the reduction of nitrites with sulphur
dioxide under carefully controlled conditions. A
concentrated solution of sodium nitrite is mixed with
a solution of sodium carbonate and sulphur dioxide at
a temperature below 3ºC is passed till the solution
becomes just acidic. The following reactions are
supposed to take place :
Na2CO3 + SO2 + H2O → NaHSO3 + NaHCO3
NaNO2 + 3NaHSO3 → HON(SO3 Na ) 2 + Na2SO3 + H2O
Hydroxylamine
sodium sulphonate
The sulphonate can be easily hydrolysed to
hydroxylamine.
HON(SO3Na)2 H O
2 → NH2OH
Alternatively, it is prepared by the electrolytic
reduction of nitric acid in 50% H2SO4 using
amalgamated lead cathode.
NO2 – OH + 6H+ + 6e– → NH2OH + 2H2O
It is a colourless solid melting at 33ºC. It is freely
soluble in water and lower alcohols. It is unstable and
decomposes violently even at 20ºC.
3NH2OH → NH3 + N2 + 3H2O
The aqueous solution of hydroxylamine is less basic
than ammonia (Kb = 1.8 × 10–5). Thus,
NH2OH(aq) + H2O NH3OH+ + OH–;
Kb = 6.6 × 10–9
Like H2O2, it acts as an oxidising as well as a
reducing agent depending upon circumstances.
Nitrogen Trifluoride , NF3 :
It is conveniently prepared by fluorinating ammonia.
4NH3 + 3F2 Cu catalyst
 → NF3 + 3NH4F
It can also be prepared by the electrolysis of NH4F.
It is a colourless gas (m.p. –207ºC; b.p. –129ºC)
which is quite stable thermodynamically.
The gas acts as a fluorinating agent. It thus converts
Cu into CuF.
2NF3 + 2Cu → N2F 4 + 2CuF
As, Sb and Bi also get fluorinated by interaction with NF3.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 39 NOVEMBER 2009

 NF3 has a pyramidal structure with FNF angle = ~ Dinitrogen Tetrafluoride, N2F4 :
102º and dipole moment = 0.24 D, compared with N2F 4 is prepared by reacting HNF 2 with NaClO.
HNH angle = ~ 107º and dipole moment = 1.48 D in
case of NH3. The difference in the dipole moments of 2HNF 2 NaClO
→ N2F4 + H2O
NF3 and NH3 (both of which have pyramidal HNF 2, in turn, is obtained by first fluorinating urea
structure though) is due to the fact that while the and then treating the fluorinated product with
dipole moments due to N – F bonds in NF3 are in concentrated sulphuric acid.
opposite direction to the direction of the dipole N2F 4 exists both in the staggered and the gauche
moment of the lone pair on N atom, the dipole conformations :
moments of N – H bonds in NH3 are in the same
direction as the direction of the dipole moment of the F
lone pair on N atom, an illustrated below.
F F N F N
•• ••
N F F N F
N N
F F H F
H Staggered form (Side View) Gauche Form
F H
Because of its lower dipole moment, NF 3 is weaker It is a colourless gas (b.p. – 73ºC; m.p. –164ºC).
ligand than NH3. It is a strong fluorinating agent. Thus,
NF3 is known to form complexes such as [NF 4]+ and SiH4 + N2F4 → SiF 4 + N2 + 2H2
F3N→O. Thus,
10 Li + N2F 4 → 4LiF + 2Li3N
NF3 + 2F 2 + SbF 3 200
º→ [NF4+] [SbF6]–
High pressure AsF5 + N2F 4 → [N2F 3]+ [AsF6]–
2NF3 + O2 Electric
  discharge
→ 2F3N→ O N2F 4 reacts with sulphur to give a number of
low temperature fluorinated sulphur compounds such as SF4 and
Dinitrogen Difluoride, N2F2 : SF5.NF 3.
Dinitrogen difluoride is best prepared by reacting N2F 4 easily yields, at room temperature, the free
NHF 2 with KF. radical. NF2 which reacts readily with a number of
low
→
 e KF.HNF2
KF + HNF2 temperatur compounds. For example,
Cl2
2ClNF2
Room
temperatu
 re
→ N2F 2 + KHF2
The reaction yields both cis and trans isomers, viz., N2F4 2(.NF2)–
2NO
2ON.NF2
F F F Trisilylamine, N(SiH)3 :
N N N N Trisilylamine is prepared by reacting
monochlorosilane with ammonia.
F
2SiH3Cl + 4NH3 → N(SiH3)3 + 3NH4Cl
Both the isomeric forms are gases at room
Trisilyamine is a trigonal planar compound with N
temperature, cis form boiling at – 106ºC and trans
orbitals in sp2 hybrid state, unlike trimethyl or
form boiling at –112ºC. The cis form is
thermodynamically more stable than the trans form. triethylamine which is pyramidal and has N orbitals
At above 70ºC, nearly 90% of N2F2 is present in the in sp3 hybrid state. There is considerable π overlap
> 70ºC between the p orbital (containing the lone pair) of N
cis form : trans N2F2 cis N 2F2 atom and the vacant d π orbitals of Si atoms. The
(~ 90%)
trigonal planar structure of N(SiH3)3 is, thus,
If, however, the isomeric mixture is treated with
AlCl3 or the chlorides of bivalent Mn, Co, Ni and Fe, strengthened due to p π–d π bonding.
at low temperature, the major product is trans N2F 2. Since the lone pairs of electrons of N atom are
The cis form reacts selectively with AsF5 to form engaged in p π-d π bonding between N and Si, they are
[N2F]+[AsF6]– which when reacted with NaF – HF, no longer available for donation to Lewis acids.
regenerates the original compounds. The trans form Trisilylamine, therefore, behaves as much weaker
does not react with AsF5. base compared to trimethylamine or triethylamine.
N 2 F2 + AsF6 → [N 2 F]+ [ AsF6 ]− + N 2 F2 Hence, trisilylamine does not form adducts with BH3
Mixture of cis Formed by trans even at low temperature whereas trimethylamine or
and trans isomers cis N 2 F2 only triethylamine does so readily. Due to the same
−HF reason, N(SiH3) 3 acts as a much weaker ligand
[N2F]+[AsF6]– NaF
 → Na+[AsF 6]– + N 2 F2
( cis) compared to N(CH3)3 and N(C 2H5)3.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 40 NOVEMBER 2009

 UNDERSTANDING
Physical Chemistry
1. A solution comprising 0.1 mol of naphthalene and 2. At 353 K, the vapour pressures of pure ethylene
0.9 mol of benzene is cooled until some solid bromide and propylene bromide are 22.93 and
benzene freezes out. The solution is then decanted off 16.93 kN m–2, respectively, and these compounds
from the solid, and warmed to 353 K, where its form a nearly ideal solution. 3 mol of ethylene
vapour pressure is found to be 670 Torr. The freezing bromide and 2 mol of propylene bromide are
and normal boiling points of benzene are 278.5 K and equilibrated at 353 K and a total pressure of 20.4 kN
m–2 (a) What is the composition of the liquid phase?
353 K, respectively, and its enthalpy of fusion is
(b) What amount of each compound is present in the
10.67 kJ mol–1. Calculate the temperature to which
vapour phase ?
the solution was cooled originally and the amount of
Sol. The given data are
benzene that must have frozen out. Assume
conditions of ideal solution. p*A = p*ethylene = 22.93 kN m–2
bromide
Sol. The given data are :
n1 = 0.9 mol, n2 = 0.1 mol, p*B = p*propylene = 16.93 kN m–2
* bromide
Tf = 278.5 K, Tb* = 353 K,
nA = 3 mol nB = 2 mol p = 20.4 kN m–2
p* = 760 Torr, p = 670 Torr, (a) We have
∆fus H1,.m = 10.67 kJ mol–1 p = pA + pB = xA p*A + xB p*B = p*B + ( p*A – p*B )xA
From the relative lowering of vapour pressure,
Therefore
we obtain the amount fraction of the solute (i.e.
naphthalene). p − p*
xA = * B*
p * −p 760 Torr – 670 Torr pA − pB
x2 = = = 0.1185
p* 760 Torr Substituting the given data, we have
Since x2 = n2/(n1 + n2), we get 20.4 kNm −2 − 16.93kNm −2
xA = = 0.578
n 0.1 mol 22.93kNm −2 − 16.93kNm −2
n1 + n2 = 2 = = 0.844 mol
x2 0.1185 xB = 1 – 0.578 = 0.422
Since n2 = 0.1 mol, we get (b) Now
n1 = 0.844 mol – n2 p x p*
= 0.844 mol – 0.1 mol = 0.744 mol yA = A = A A
p p
Hence, the amount of benzene frozen out
0.9 mol – 0.744 mol = 0.156 mol 0.578 × 22.93 kNm −2
= = 0.6497
The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 20.4 kN m − 2
M1RTf*2 Let nA and nB be the amounts of vaporized ethylene
Kf = bromide and propylene bromide, respectively, when
∆fus H1,m
p = 20.4 kN m–2. Hence we have
(0.078 kg mol −1 )(8.314 J K −1mol −1 )( 278.5 K) 2 nA
= yA = = 0.6497
(10670 J mol −1 ) nA + nB
= 4.714 K kg mol–1 3 mol − n A
Molality of the solution is xA =
(3 mol − n A ) + (2mol − n B )
n n2
m= 2 = 3 mol − n A 3 mol − n A
m1 n1M1 = =
5mol − ( n A + n B ) 5mol − n A / 0.6497
(0.1 mol)
= −1
= 1.723 mol kg–1 = 0.578
(0.744 mol) (0.078 kg mol )  nA 
Finally – ∆Tf = Kfm or (3 mol – nA) = 0.578  5mol − 
 0.6497 
= (4.714 K kg mol–1)(1.723 mol kg–1) = 8.12 K
Therefore
3 mol − 0.578 × 5mol
nA = = 0.9967 mol
1 − 0.578 / 0.6497

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 41 NOVEMBER 2009

 nA Substituting p = 3 bar, we get
Since = 0.6497, we therefore, have
nA + nB K 0p = 1
nA Let x be the amount of PCl3 that combines when the
nB = – nA amount y of chlorine is added keeping p and T
0.6497
constant. Thus, the amounts of PCl3, Cl2 and PCl5
 1  (0.9967 mol)(0.3503) become
= nA  − 1 =
 0.6497  (0.6497) n(PCl3) = 2 mol – x
= 0.5374 mol n(Cl2) = y + 2 mol – x
n(PCl5 = 2 mol + x
3. For the following cell Since the final volume after the addition of Cl2 is
Pb |PbCl2(s)| PbCl2(soln.)|AgCl(s)| Ag twice the initial volume, it follows that the total
the potential at 298 K is 0.490 V and the variation of amount of gases in 2V is 2 × 6 mol = 12 mol. Since
emf with temperature is given by n(PCl3) + n(PCl5) is 4 mol, the total amount of
E = a – (1.86 × 10–4V K–1)(T – 25 K) chlorine is 8 mol.
Write the equation for the cell reaction and calculate Total amount = y + 6 mol – x = 12 mol
∆G, ∆H and ∆S for the reaction at 298 K. Their partial pressures are
Sol. For the given cell, we have 2 mol − x 2 mol − x
p PCl3 = p= × 3 bar
Electrode Reduction reaction 12 mol 12 mol
Right 2AgCl(s) + 2e– = 2Ag(s) + 2Cl–(aq) ..(1)
Left PbCl2(s) + 2e– = Pb(s) + 2Cl–(aq) ...(2) 8 mol 8 mol
p Cl2 = p= × 3 bar = 2 bar
Subtracting Eq. (2) from Eq. (1), we get 12 mol 12 mol
2AgCl(s) + Pb(s) = 2Ag(s) + PbCl2(s) 2 mol + x 2 mol + x
Now since E = a – (1.86 × 10–4V K–1)(T – 25 K), p PCl5 = p= × 3 bar
12 mol 12 mol
therefore
Substituting these in the expression
 ∂E 
  = – 1.86 × 10–4 V K–1 ( pPCl 3 / pº )( pCl 2 / pº )
 ∂T  p K ºp = (where pº = 1 bar)
(pPCl 5 / p º )
Hence ∆G = –nFE = –2(96500 C mol–1) (0.490 V)
= – 94570 J mol–1  2 mol − x 
 (2)
  4 mol  ( 2 mol − x )( 2)
 ∂E   we get K ºp = = =1
∆H = –nF E − T     2 mol + x  (2 mol + x )
  ∂T  p   
= –2(96500 C mol–1) [(0.490 V)  4 mol 
– (298 K) (–1.86 × 10–4 V K–1)] (as K ºp = 1)
= – 105267.6 J mol–1
or 4 – 2 (x/ mol) = 2 + (x/mol)
 ∂E  or 3(x/mol) = 2 ⇒ x/mol = 2/3 = 0.67
∆S = nF   = 2(96500 C mol–1)(–1.86 ×10–4 V K–1)
 ∂T  p Therefore, the amount of Cl2 added
= – 35.9 J K–1 mol–1 y = 6 mol + x = 6.67 mol

4. A container whose volume is V contains an 5. Calculate the resonance energy of benzene compared
equilibrium mixture that consists of 2 mol each of with one Kekule structure. Given the following data
PCl5, PCl3 and Cl2 (all as gases). The pressure is 3 ∆fHº(methane, g) = –74.85 kJ mol–1
bar and temperature is T. A certain amount of Cl2(g) ∆fHº(ethane, g) = –84.68 kJ mol–1
is now introduced, keeping the pressure and ∆fHº(ethylene, g) = 52.3 kJ mol–1
temperature constant, until the equilibrium volume is ∆fHº(benzene, g) = 82.93 kJ mol–1
2V. Calculate the amount of Cl2 that was added and Enthalpy of sublimation of carbon (graphite)
the value of K 0p . = 718.39 kJ mol–1
Dissociation enthalpy of H2 = 435.89 kJ mol–1
Sol. At equilibrium, we have Sol. In order to calculate the resonance energy of benzene,
PCl 5 PCl 3 + Cl 2 we need to compute ∆fHº from the bond enthalpy
2 mol 2 mol 2 mol
data. For this, we need C – C, C = C and C – H bond
Total amount = 6 mol enthalpies. These can be calculated as follows :
2
2  (i) Bond enthalpy of C – H from ∆fHº(methane) : We
 p / pº  have
( pPCl / p º )( pCl / p º )  6 
Thus K ºp = 3 2
= CH4(g) → C(graphite) + 2H2(g);
(pPCl 5 / p º ) 2 
 p / pº  ∆rHº = + 74.85 kJ mol–1
6 

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 42 NOVEMBER 2009

 C(graphite) → C(g);
∆rHº = + 718.39 kJ mol–1
2H2(g) → 4H(g); TRUE OR FALSE
∆rHº = 2×435.89 kJ mol–1
Adding, we get, 1. When a concentrated solution of a solute is
CH4 (g) → C(g) + 4H(g) diluted by adding more of solvent, the number of
∆rH1º = 1665.02 kJ mol–1 moles of solute remains unchanged.
Now ∆rH1º = 4 ∈C – H, therefore 2. Acetate ion is stronger conjugated base than the
−1 sulphate ion.
1665.02 kJ mol
∈C–H = = 416.255 kJ mol–1 3. Mass of 60% HCl (by mass), required to
4 completely react with 0.2 mol of zinc is 14.6 gm.
(ii) Bond enthalpy of C – C from ∆fHº(ethane) : 4. Ferric hydroxide precipitate when agitated with
We have dilute ferric chloride solution, gives negatively
C2H6(g) → 2C(graphite) + 3H2(g) charged colloidal solution.
∆rHº = 84.68 kJ mol–1 5. Vapour pressures of ethanol and benzene at 293K
2C(graphite) → 2C(g) are 43.9 mm and 74 mm respectively indicating
∆rHº = 2 × 718.39 kJ mol–1 stronger intermolecular forces in benzene as
3H2(g) → 6H(g); ∆rHº = 3 × 435.89 kJ mol–1 compared to ethanol.
Adding, we get 6. A mixture of molten zinc and lead is a
C2H6(g) → 2C(g) + 6H(g) heterogeneous system.
∆rH2º = 2829.13 kJ mol–1 7. The energy required to increase the surface area
Now ∆rH2º = ∈C–C + 6 ∈C–H of a liquid by unit amount is called the surface
Thus ∈C–C = [2829.13 – 6 × 416.255] kJ mol–1 tension of liquid.
= 331.60 kJ mol–1 8. In aqueous solution cuprous ions dispro-
(iii) Bond enthalpy of C = C from ∆fHº(ethylene) : portionate into cupric ions and metallic copper.
We have Sol.
C2H4(g) → 2C(graphite) + 2H2(g); 1. [True] The number of moles of solute remains
∆rHº = –52.3 kJ mol–1 unchanged on dilution but molarity changes
2C(graphite) → 2C(g) because
∆rHº = 2 × 718.39 kJ mol–1 No. of moles
Molarity (M) =
2H2(g) → 4H(g) Volumes of solution(L )
∆rHº = 2 × 435.89 kJ mol–1 2. [True] Since acetic acid is a weak acid as
Adding, we get compared to sulphuric acid and hence the
C2H4(g) → 2C(g) + 4H(g) conjugate base of a weak acid will be stronger
∆rH2º = 2256.26 kJ mol–1 than that of strong acid.
Now ∆rH3º = ∈C=C + 4∈C–H 3. [False] Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Therefore Pure HCl required = 14.6 gm
∈C=C = (2256.26 – 4 × 416.255) kJ mol–1 100 ×14.6
= 591.24 kJ mol–1 60% Cl required will be = = 24.33 gm
60
(iv) ∆fHº (benzene) from the bond enthalpy data. 4. [False] Positively charged sol is formed as
We have Fe(OH)3 + FeCl3 → [Fe(OH)3]Fe 3+ : 3 Cl–
6C(g) + 6H(g) → C6H6(g) Positively charged sol
∆rHº = –(3∈C–C + 3∈C=C + 6∈C–H) 5. [False] Higher the vapour pressure, weaker are the
= –5266.05 kJ mol–1 intermolecular forces and hence intermolecular
6C(graphite) → 6C(g) forces in ethanol will be stronger than those in
∆rHº = 6 × 718.39 kJ mol–1 benzene.
3H2(g) → 6H(g); ∆rHº = 3 × 435.89 kJ mol–1 6. [True]
Adding, we get 7. [True] 2 Cu+ Cu2+ + Cu
6C(graphite) + 3H2(g) → C6H6(g) Since oxidation and reduction of Cu+ ion takes
∆fHº = + 315.96 kJ mol–1 place simultaneously and hence it is known as
(v) Resonance energy of benzene (g) : the disproportion reaction.
Actual value of ∆fHº = 82.93 kJ mol–1 8. [False] Thomson through his experiment determined
Calculated value of ∆fHº = 351.96 kJ mol–1 the charge to mass ratio of an electron and the value
Thus, benzene become more stable by + 269.03 kJ of 3/m is equal to 1.76 × 108 coulomb/gm. Hence one
mol–1. Therefore, its resonance energy is 269.03 kJ gm of electrons have charge 1.76 × 108 C.
mol–1. 1.60 × 10–19 coulomb is the charge on one electron.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 43 NOVEMBER 2009

 Set

`tà{xÅtà|vtÄ V{tÄÄxÇzxá 7
This section is designed to give IIT JEE aspirants a thorough grinding & exposure to variety
of possible twists and turns of problems in mathematics that would be very helpful in facing
IIT JEE. Each and every problem is well thought of in order to strengthen the concepts and
we hope that this section would prove a rich resource for practicing challenging problems and
enhancing the preparation level of IIT JEE aspirants.
By : Shailendra Maheshwari
Sol ut i ons w il l be publ i s he d i n ne xt is s ue Joint Director Academics, Career Point, Kota

1. Show that the lines 4x + y – 9 = 0, using complex numbers that their centroids form an
x – 2y + 3 = 0, 5x – y – 6 = 0 make equal intercepts equilateral triangle
on any line of gradient 2. 9. Let a be a fixed real number satisfying 0 < a < π,
2. ABC is a triangle with ∠A = 90°, AD is altitude. a
1 − r cos u
a acts along AB such that | a | =1/AB, b acts along such that Tr = ∫ 1 − 2r cos u + r 2 du
−a
1
AC such that | b | = . Prove that a + b is a Prove that lim Tr ,T1, lim Tr for an A.P.
AC r→1+ r→1−
1 10. Let a, b, c be real numbers such that the roots of the
vector along AD and | a + b | = cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 are all real.
AD
Prove that no one of these roots is greater than
3. A circle passes through the origin O and cuts two
lines x + y = 0 and x – y = 0 in P and Q respectively. (2 a 2 − 3b – a)/3.
If the straight line PQ always passes through a fixed
point, find the locus of the centre of the circle.
x x x P R E F IXE S
4. Let f(x) = a1 tan x + a2 tan + a3 tan +....+ an tan , Prefix Symbol Powers of 10
2 3 n
where a1, a2, a3,...an ∈ R and n ∈ N. If |f(x)| ≤ |tan x| Sub multiplies
n deci d 10 –1
ai
for ∀ x ∈  − π , π  , prove that
 2 2
∑
i =1
i
≤ 1. centi
milli m
c 10 –2
10 –3
micro µ 10 –6
5. Three digit numbers are formed. What is the nano n 10 –9
probability that the middle digit is largest.
pico p 10–12
6. Prove that area of the region bounded by the curve femto f 10–15
y = log2 (2 – x) and containing the points satisfying atto a 10–18
the inequality zepto z 10–21
(x – |x|)2 + (y – |y|)2 ≤ 4 is yocto y 10–24
  2 
 2 + π − log  e e   sq. units. Multiples
2  101
 4 deca da
  27  
hecto h 102
7. r1, r2, r3 be the radii of the circles drawn on the kilo k 103
altitudes respectively MD, ME and MF of the mega (or million) M 106
triangles respectively ∆MBC, ∆MCA, ∆MAB, as giga (or billion) G 109
their diameters, where M be the circumcentre tera (or trillion) T 10 12
of the acute angled triangle ∆ABC. Prove that peta P 10 15
a 2 b2 c 2 exa E 10 18
+ 2 + 2 ≥ 144.
r12 r2 r3 zetta Z 10 21
Yotta Y 10 24
8. Equilateral triangles are described externally on the
sides BC, CA and AB of a given triangle ABC. Prove

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 44 NOVEMBER 2009

 MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGES
SOLUTION FOR OCTOBER ISSUE (SET # 6)

1. Utilize the formula : If a1 + a 2 + ....... + an = k In the limiting condition the line (1) will touch the
(constant), then a1a2 ..... an has the greatest value circle , Therefore p = 8,
k so as required |p| < 8
when a 1 = a 2 = ...... = an = , where a1, a2, ......, an are
n
→
all positive. 4. Let OC = c
(Using the concept of A.M. ≥ G.M.) |a|2 = |b|2 = |c|2
Let E = (a – x) (b – y) (c – z) (ax + by + cz) AB 2 | a |θ 2
since = So, =
Then abc E = (a2 – ax)(b2 – by)(c2 – cz)(ax + by + cz) AC 1 π  1
| a |  − θ
Now we have 2 
(a2 – ax) + (b2 – by) + (c2 – cz) + (ax + by + cz) =
a2 + b2 + c 2 (constant) 2:1 B
a2 – ax = b2 – by = c 2 – cz = ax + by + cz A C
b
a 2 + b 2 + c2 a
=
4
O
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 4
∴ the greatest value of abc E =
256 abc

2. xf´(x) + f(x) = g(x) ...(1)

where ∠AOB = θ
xf´(x) = g(x) – f(x) < 0; because f´(x) < 0 & x > 0
So g(x) < f(x) θ = π – 2θ ⇒ θ = π/3
x g(x) < x f(x); as x > 0 ...(2) π 1
Hence a.b = |a|2 cos = |a|2
3 2
d
Now from (1) (xf(x)) = g(x)
dx π 3 2 3 2
b.c = |b|2 cos = |b| = |a| & a.c = 0
x 6 2 2
so xf(x) = ∫0 g( x) dx use it is (2) → → →
Let c = xa + yb
x
xg(x) < ∫0 g( x) dx ; for x > 0  y
So a.c = x|a|2 + y a.b ⇒  x +  |a|2 = 0
 2

3. Let the eqn of chord be y

⇒ x=–
x+ y= p ...(1) 2
and b.c = x a.b + y|b|2
3 2 1 2
32
⇒ |a| = |a| x + y|b|2
135º 2 2

O So, x + 2y = 3
(p, 0) y
& x=–
2

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 45 NOVEMBER 2009

 y x12 + y12 + 2rx1 cos θ + 2ry1 sin θ + r2 = a2
So, x=– + 2y = 3
2 so r2 + (2x1 cos θ + 2y1 sin θ)r + x12 + y12 – a2 = 0
3y 2
⇒
2
= 3 ⇒ y=
3 r1 . r2 = x12 + y12 – a 2 = (S)
1
2

Hence x = –
y
=–
1 so, AP1 . AQ1 = (S) 1
2
since
2 3
P1A . Q1A is independent on n, hence
→
→ −a 2 → AP1 . AQ1 = AP 2 . AQ2 = ........ = APn . AQn
So c = + b
3 3
8. (AB)T = (BA)T
5. Sum will be odd if 1 out of 4 chosen numbers is odd BTAT = AT BT
and others are even or 1 is even & others are odd. so BTATA = ATBTA
2 10C1. 10C 3 160 BT = ATBT A (as AAT = 1)
P(O) = 20
=
C4 323 ABT = AATBT A
160 163 ABT = BT A (again as AAT = 1) Hence proved.
P(E) = 1 – =
323 323
Hence P(E) > P(O) bi − c
9. iz =
1+ a
6. Let the point be P (x, y)
iz + 1 bi − c + 1 + a bi + a + (1 − c)
so, 3x + 2y + 10 = 0 ...(1) = = ...(i)
iz − 1 bi − c − 1 − a − (c + 1) − (a − ib)
since |PA – PB| is maximum
Now as given
hence P, A, B must be colinear
(a + ib) (a – ib) = 1 – c2 = (1 – c) (1 + c)
x y 1
(a 2 + b 2 )
2 4 1 =0 bi + a +
iz + 1 1+ c
4 2 1 =
− iz + 1 1− c2
(c + 1) +
⇒ –x– y+6 =0 ....(2) a + ib
from (1) & (2)
(a + ib) 2 [(1 + c) + a − ib]
x = –22 & y = 28 =
(c + 1) 2 [a + ib + 1 − c]
So, point P is (–22, 28)
2
 a + ib  1 − iz
=  . (using (1))
7. Let the point A be (x1, y1) and the circle be  c + 1  iz + 1
x2 + y2 = a2
iz + 1 a + ib
Q1 = (Hence proved)
P1 1 − iz c +1
Q2
A P2
10. Let n(n2 – 1) = (n – 1) n (n + 1)
Since n is odd so (n – 1) (n + 1) is the product of two
x − x1 y − y1 consecutive even numbers, so it is divisible by 8.
Line AP 1 is = =r
cos θ sin θ Since (n – 1) n (n + 1) is the product of 3 consecutive
Solve it with circle. integers so it is divisible by 3 also Hence n(n2 – 1) is
(x1 + r cos θ)2 + (y1 + r sin θ) 2 = a2 divisible by 24.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 46 NOVEMBER 2009

 Students' Forum
Expert’s Solution for Question asked by IIT-JEE Aspirants
MATHS
1. Let a variable chord from (–1, 0) point to the circle 3. Let f(x) be a function which satisfy the equation
(x – 2)2 + y2 = 1, makes a intercept of length 'l' on the f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) for all x > 0, y > 0 such that
circle and length of perpendicular from centre of the f ´(1) = 2. Find the area of region bounded by the
circle to chord is 'p'. find the range of 'λ ' such that curves y = f(x), y = |x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6| and x = 0
l2 + 3λ p2 + 5 = 0.
Sol. We have OB 2 = OD2 + BD2 Sol. Take x = y = 1 ⇒ f(1) = 0
B  1 1
D Now f  x.  = f(x) + f  
A  x x
p
1
(–1, 0) 0 ⇒ f   = – f(x)
x
x 1
l2 4 − l2 f   = f(x) + f   = f(x) – f(y)
1 = p2 + ⇒ p2 =
4 4 y y
we have been given, l2 + 3λ p2 + 5 = 0 f ( x + h ) − f (x )
f ´(x) = lim
3λ  4 − l 2  h →0 h
l2 + +5=0
4  4   h
f 1 +  − f (1)
1  x+h  x
12λ + 20 = lim f   = lim
l2 = h →0 h  h  h →0 h
3λ − 4 .x
x
clearly 0 ≤ l2 < 4
4(λ + 5 / 3) f ´(1) 2
⇒ 0≤ <4 = =
(λ − 4 / 3) x x
⇒ f(x) = 2 log |x| + c ⇒ c = 0
⇒ λ ∈ (– ∞, –5/3) [as λ can not be + ve]
{when x = 1; as f(1) = 0}
2. Find all possible negative real values of 'a' such that ⇒ f(x) = 2logx
0 ∴ Required area
∫a (9
− 2t
− 2.9 − t ) dt ≥ 0 1 0
∫0 (x 3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6)dx + ∫–∞e
y/2
= dy
0
Sol. Here, ∫a (9 −2 t − 2.9 t ) dt ≥ 0
=
7
sq units
0 4
 9 −2 t 2.9 −t 
⇒  −  ≥0
 − 2 log 9 − log 9  a 4. If the equation az2 + z + 1 = 0 has a purely imaginary
(
⇒ − 9 − 2 t + (49) −t )
0
a ≥0 root where a = cos θ + i sin θ, i = − 1 . Then find
–2a
⇒ 9 – 4.9 + 3 ≥ 0 –a the interval in which the function, f(x) = x3 – 3x2 +
t2 – 4t + 3 ≥ 0 3(1 + cos θ)x + 5 is increasing.
where t = 9–a and t ∈(1, ∞) Sol. We have, az2 + z + 1 = 0 ...(i)
(t – 1) (t – 3) ≥ 0 2
⇒ az + z + 1 = 0 {Taking conjugate on both sides}
⇒ t ≤ 1 or t ≥ 3 ⇒a z 2+ z +1 =0 ...(ii)
⇒ t ≥ 3 is possible as t > 1 Eliminating z from eq. (i) and (ii) by cross
1 multiplication rule,
9–a ≥ 3 ⇒ a ≤ –
2 ( a – a)2 + 2(a + a ) = 0

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 47 NOVEMBER 2009

 a−a a+a
2 2 Sol. Let, f(x) = (x – α1) (x – α2) ..... (x – αn)
⇒   +  =0 where α1, α2 ........, αn are the roots of f(x) = 0
 2   2  since |f(0)| = f(1)
2 2
 a −a  a+a ∴ α1 . α2 ...... αn = (1 – α1) (1 – α2) ...... (1 – αn)
⇒ –  +  =0 ⇒ (α1 . α2 ....... αn)2
 2 i   2 
⇒ α1(1 – α1) α2(1 – α2) ...... αn(1 – αn)
⇒ – sin2θ + cos θ = 0 ⇒ ( Π αi)2 = II αi(1 – αi) . {i = 1, 2, ..... n}
⇒ cos θ = sin2θ ...(iii) 2
Now, f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3(1 + cos θ)x + 5  α + (1 − α i ) 
Now, ( Π αi)2 = Π αi(1 – αi) ≤ Π  
f ´(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 3 (1 + cos θ)  2 
∴ Discriminate (D) 1
= 2n
= 36 – 36(1 + cos θ) = – 36 cos θ 2
= – 36 sin2θ < 0 Since GM ≤ AM
⇒ f(x) is increasing ∀ x ∈ R 1
⇒ ( Π αi) ≤ n
2
5. Let a1, a2, ......, an be real constant, x be a real variable
1 1
and f(x) = cos(a1 + x) + cos(a2 + x) + cos(a3 + x) INTERESTING SCIENCE FACTS
2 4
1
+...... + n −1 cos(an + x). Given that f(x1) = f(x2) = 0,
2
prove that (x2 – x1) = mπ for integer m.
Sol. f(x) may be written as,
n
1
f(x) = ∑
k =1 2
k −1
cos(a + x) k

n
1 •
= ∑
k =1 2
k −1
{cosak. cos x – sin ak . sin x} The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second.
• It takes 8 minutes 17 seconds for light to travel
 n cos a k   n sin a k  from the Sun’s surface to the Earth.
= cos x . 
 k−1 ∑  – sin x 
  ∑ k −1

 • In October 1999 the 6 billionth person was
 k=1 2   k =1 2  born.
n
cos a k • 10 percent of all human beings ever born are
= A cos x – B sin x, where A = ∑
k =1 2 k −1
and
alive at this very moment.
n • The Earth spins at 1,000 mph but it travels
sin a k
B= ∑ 2 k −1
through space at an incredible 67,000 mph.
k =1 • Every year over one million earthquakes shake
since f(x1) = f(x2) = 0 the Earth.
⇒ A cos x1 – B sin x1 = 0 • The largest ever hailstone weighed over 1 kg and
and A cos x2 – B sin x2 = 0
fell in Bangladesh in 1986.
A
⇒ tan x1 = • Every second around 100 lightning bolts strike
B the Earth.
A
⇒ tan x2 = • Every year lightning kills 1000 people.
B
⇒ tan x1 = tan x2
• In October 1999 an Iceberg the size of London
broke free from the Antarctic ice shelf.
⇒ (x2 – x1) = mπ
• If you could drive your car straight up you would
6. Let a0, a1, .... an – 1 be real numbers where n ≥ 1 and arrive in space in just over an hour.
het f(x) = xn + an – 1 xn –1 + ..... + a0 be such that : • All the hydrogen atoms in our bodies were
|f(0)| = f(1) and each root of f(x) = 0 is real and lies created 12 billion years ago in the Big Bang.
between 0 and 1. Prove that the product of the roots • The Earth is 4.56 billion years old…the same age
1 as the Moon and the Sun.
does not exceed n .
2 • Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1866.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 48 NOVEMBER 2009

 MATH DIFFERENTIATION
Mathematics Fundamentals

Differentiation and Applications of Derivatives : d 1

4. x =
If y = f(x), then dx 2 x
dy f ( x + h ) − f (x ) d x
1. = lim 5. e = ex
dx h →0 h dx
 dy  f ( x ) − f (a ) d x
2.   = lim 6. a = a x log a
dx
  x =a x →a x −a dx
 dy  f (a + h ) − f (a ) d 1
3.   = lim 7. log x =
 dx  x =a x → h h dx x
If u = f(x), v = φ(x), then d 1
8. logax = logae
d dx x
1. (k) = 0
dx d
9. sin x = cos x
d du dx
2. (ku) = k
dx dx d
10. cos x = – sin x
d du dv dx
3. (u ± v) = ±
dx dx dx d
11. tan x = sec2x
d dv du dx
4. (uv) = u +v
dx dx dx d
12. cot x = – cosec2x
du dv dx
v −u
du  u  dx dx d
5.  = 13. sec x = sec x tan x
dx  v  v2 dx
dy dy dx d
6. If x = f(t), y = φ (t), then = 14. cosec x = – cosec x cot x
dx dt dt dx
dy d d 1
7. If y = f[φ(x)], then = f´[φ(x)]. [φ(x)] 15. sin–1x =
dx dx dx 1− x2
dw dy d 1
8. If w = f(y), then = f´(y) 16. cos–1x = –
dx dx dx 1− x2
dy dy dx
9. If y = f(x), z = φ(x), then = . d 1
dz dx dz 17. tan–1x =
dx 1+ x 2
dy dx dy 1
10. . = 1 or = d 1
dx dy dx dx / dy 18. cot–1x = –
dx 1+ x 2
d
1. (k) = 0 d 1
dx 19. sec–1x =
dx x x 2 −1
d n
2. x = nxn–1 d 1
dx 20. cosec–1x = –
dx x x 2 −1
d 1 n
3. n
= – n +1
dx x x

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 49 NOVEMBER 2009

 Suitable substitutions : The functions any also be d2y
reduced to simplar forms by the substitutions as = yn = fn(x)
follows. dx n
dn
1. If the function involve the term (a 2 − x 2 ) , then 2. (ax + b)n = n ! an
dx n
put x = a sin θ or x = a cos θ.
dn
2. If the function involve the term 2 2
(a + x ) , then 3. (ax + b) m = m(m – 1)
dx n
put x = a tan θ or x = a cot θ. .... (m – n + 1) an(ax + b) m–n
3. If the function involve the term (x 2 − a 2 ) , then dn
4. emx = mne mx
put x = a sec θ or x = a cosec θ. dx n
a−x dn
4. If the function involve the term , then put 5. amx = mna mx (log a)n
a+x dx n

x = a cos θ or x = a cos 2θ dn ( −1) n −1 a n (n − 1) !

All the above substitutions are also true, if a = 1 6. log(ax + b) =
dx n (ax + b ) n
Differentiation by taking logarithm :
Differentiation of the functions of the following types dn  nπ 
7. sin (ax + b) = an sin  ax + b + 
are obtained by taking logarithm. dx n
 2 
1. When the functions consists of the product and
quotient of a number of functions. dn  nπ 
8. cos (ax + b) = an cos  ax + b + 
n
2. When a function of x is raised to a power which is dx  2 
itself a function of x. Leibnitz's theorem : If u and v are any two
For example, let y = [f(x)] φ(x) functions of x such that their desired differential
coefficients exist, then the nth differential coefficient
Taking logarithm of both sides, log y = φ(x) log f(x) of uv is given by
Differentiating both sides w.r.t 'x', Dn(uv) = (Dnu)v + nC1(Dn–1u)(Dv)
1 dy f ´(x ) + nC2(Dn–2u)(D2v) +...... + u(Dnv)
= φ´(x) log f(x) + φ(x).
y dx f ( x)
= [f(x)] φ(x) logf(x).φ´(x) + φ(x) . [f(x) φ(x) – 1.f´(x)
dy
= Differential of y treading f(x) as constant + Do you know
dx
Differential of y treating φ(x) as constant. • Did you know that there are 206 bones in the
It is an important formula. adult human body and there are 300 in children
Differentiation of implicit functions : (as they grow some of the bones fuse together).
1. If f(x, y) = 0 is a implicit function, then • Flea's can jump 130 times higher than their own
dy ∂f / ∂x height. In human terms this is equal to a 6ft.
=– person jumping 780 ft. into the air.
dx ∂f / ∂y
• The most dangerous animal in the world is the
Diff . of f w.r.t. x keeping y constant common housefly. Because of their habits of
=–
Diff. of f w.r.t. y keeping x constant visiting animal waste, they transmit more
diseases than any other animal.
For example, consider f(x, y) = x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0,
then • Snakes are true carnivorous because they eat
nothing but other animals. They do not eat any
dy ∂f / ∂x 2x + 3y type of plant material.
=– =–
dx ∂f / ∂y 3x + 2 y • The world's largest amphibian is the giant
1. If y = f(x), then salamander. It can grow up to 5 ft. in length.
dy d2 y • The smallest bone in the human body is the
= y1 = f´(x), = y2 = f´´(x), ..... stapes or stirrup bone located in the middle ear.
dx dx 2 It is approximately .11 inches (.28 cm) long.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 50 NOVEMBER 2009

 MATH
STRAIGHT LINE & CIRCLE
Mathematics Fundamentals

Different standard form of the equation of a straight  b1c 2 − b 2 c1 a 2 c1 − a 1c 2 

line :  , 
General form : Ax + By + C = 0  a1 b 2 − a 2 b1 a1 b 2 − a 2 b1 
where A, B, C are any real numbers not all zero. Angle between two lines :
Gradient (Tangent) form : y = mx + c The angle θ between two lines whose slopes are m1
and m2 is given by
It is the equation of a straight line which cuts off an
intercept c on y-axis and makes an angle with the m1 − m 2
tan θ =
positive direction (anticlockwise) of x-axis such that 1 + m1m 2
tan θ = m. The number m is called slope or the
If θ is angle between two lines then π – θ is also the
gradient of this line.
angle between them.
Intercept form :
The equation of any straight line parallel to a given
x y line ax + by + c = 0 is ax + by + k = 0.
+ =1
a b The equation of any straight line perpendicular to a
It is the equation of straight line which cuts off given line, ax + by + c = 0 is bx – ay + k = 0.
intercepts a and b on the axis of x and y respectively. The equation of any straight line passing through the
Normal form (Perpendicular form) : point of intersection of two given lines l1 ≡ a1x + b1y
x cos α + y sin α = p + c1 = 0 and l2 ≡ a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0 is l1 + λ l 2 = 0
It is the equation of a straight line on which the where λ is any real number, which can be determined
length of the perpendicular from the origin is p and α by given additional condition in the question.
is the angle which , this perpendicular makes with the The length of perpendicular from a given point (x1,
positive direction of x-axis. y1) to a given line ax + by + c = 0 is
One point form : ax 1 + by1 + c
= p (say)
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
(a 2 + b 2 )
It is the equation of a straight line passing through a
given point (x1, y1) and having slope m. In particular, the length of perpendicular from origin
Parametric equation : c
(0, 0) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is
x − x1 y − y1 a 2 + b2
= =r
cos θ sin θ Equation of Bisectors :
It is the equation of a straight line passes through a The equations of the bisectors of the angles between
given point A(x1, y1) and makes an angle θ with x- the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a 2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are
axis. a 1 x + b1 y + c1 a 2x + b2 y + c 2
=±
Two points form :
a 12 + b12 a 22 + b 22
y − y1
y – y1 = 2 (x – x1) Distance between parallel lines :
x 2 − x1
Choose a convenient point on any of the lines (put x
It is the equation of a straight line passing through = 0 and find the value of y or put y = 0 and find the
y − y1 value of x). Now the perpendicular distance from this
two given points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), where 2 point on the other line will give the required distance
x 2 − x1
between the given parallel lines.
is its slope.
Pair of straight lines :
Point of intersection of two lines a1x + b 1y + c1 = 0
The equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represents a pair
and a2x + b2y + c 2 = 0 is given by
of straight lines passing through the origin.

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 51 NOVEMBER 2009

 Let the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 be If C 1, C2 are the centres and a1, a2 are the radii of two
y – m1x = 0 and y – m2x = 0, then circles, then
2h a (i) The circles touch each other externally, if
m1 + m2 = – and m1m2 =
b b C1C 2 = a1 + a2
General equation of second degree in x, y is (ii) The circles touch each other internally, if
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ...(i) C1C 2 = |a1 – a 2|
This equation represents two straight lines, if (iii) The circles intersects at two points, if
∆ = abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0 |a1 – a 2| < C 1C 2 < a1 + a2
a h g (iv) The circles neither intersect nor touch each other, if
or h b f =0 C1C 2 > a1 + a2 or C1C2 < |a1 – a2|
g f c Equation of any circle through the point of
and point of intersection of these lines is given by intersection of two given circles S1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 is
given by S 1 + λ S2 = 0 (λ ≠ –1) and λ can be
 hf − bg hg − af 
 ,  determined by an additional condition.
 ab − h 2 ab − h 2  Equation of the tangent to the given circle
The angle between the two straight lines represented x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at any point (x1, y1) on it,
by (i) is given by is xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0
2 h 2 − ab The straight line y = mx + c touches the circle x2 + y2
tan θ = ±
a +b = a2, if c2 = a2(1 + m2) and the point of contact of the
If ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a  m ma ± a 
pair of parallel straight lines, then the distance tangent y = mx ± a 1 + m 2 , is  ,
 2 
between them is given by  1+ m 1 + m2 
Length of tangent drawn from the point (x1, y1) to the
g 2 − ac f 2 − bc
2 or 2 circle S = 0 is S1 , where
a (a + b) b (a + b)
2
S1 = x1 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
Circle:
The equation of pair of tangents drawn from point
Different forms of the equations of a circle : (x1, y1) to the circle
Centre radius form : the equation of a circle whose S = 0 i.e. x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, is SS1 = T2,
centre is the point (h, k) and radius 'a' is where T ≡ xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c and S1 as
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = a 2 mentioned above.
General equation of a circle : It is given by Chord with a given Middle point :
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ...(i) the equation of the chord of the circle S = 0 whose
Equation (i) can also be written as mid-point is (x1, y1) is given by T = S1, where T and
S1 as defined a above.
|x – (–g)|2 + |y – (–f)|2 = | g 2 + f 2 − c |2
If θ be the angle at which two circles of radii r1 and r2
which is in centre-radius form, so by comparing, we intersect, then
get the coordinates of centre (–g, – f) and radius is
r12 + r22 − d 2
g2 + f 2 − c . cos θ =
2 r1r2
Parametric Equations of a Circle :
The parametric equations of a circle where d is distance between their centres.
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = a 2 are x = h + a cos θ and Note — Two circles are said to be intersect
orthogonally if the angle between their tangents at
y = k + a sin θ, where θ is a parameter.
their point of intersection is a right angle i.e.
Lengths of intercepts on the coordinate axes made by
r12 + r22 = d2 or
2 2
the circle (i) are 2 g − c and 2 f − c
2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2
Equation of the circle on the line joining the points Radical axis : The equation of the radical axis of the
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) as diameter is given by two circle is S1 – S2 = 0 i.e.
 y − y1   y − y 2  2x(g1 – g2) + 2y(f1 – f2) + c1 – c2 = 0
    = 1
 x − x1   x − x 2 

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 52 NOVEMBER 2009

 Based on New Pattern
a

IIT-JEE 2010
XtraEdge Test Series # 7
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus :
Physics : Full Syllabus, Chemistry : Full Syllabus, Mathematics : Full syllabus
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions with only one correct answer. +3 marks will be awarded for correct
answer and -1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions with multiple correct answer. +4 marks and -1 mark for wrong
answer.
• Question 13 to 18 are passage based single correct type questions. +4 marks will be awarded for correct answer and
-1 mark for wrong answer.
Section - II
• Question 19 to 20 are Column Matching type questions. +8 marks will be awarded for the complete correctly
matched answer and No Negative marks for wrong answer. However, +2 marks will be given for a correctly
marked answer in any row.

4. Average torque on a projectile of mass m, initial

PHYSICS speed u and angle of projection θ between initial and
final positions P and Q as shown in figure about the
Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each point of projection is -
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of y
which ONLY ONE is correct.
1. It require 1 mJ of work to move identical positive
charges +q from infinity so that they are separated by
u
a distance a. How much work is required to move
three identical positive charges +q from infinity so P θ x
that they are arranged at the vertices of an equilateral Q
triangle with edge length a ? mu 2 sin 2θ
(A) 2 mJ (B) 3 mJ (C) 4 mJ (D) 9 mJ (A) (B) mu2 cosθ
2
2. Two capacitor C1 & C2, charged with q 1 & q 2 are mu 2 cos θ
connected in series with an uncharged capacitor C, as (C) mu2 sinθ (D)
shown in figure. As the switch S is closed - 2
C 5. Portion AB of the wedge shown in figure is rough
and BC is smooth. A solid cylinder rolls without
+q slipping from A to B. If AB = BC, then ratio of
C1 – 1 q2 +C1
– translational kinetic energy to rotational kinetic
energy, when the cylinder reaches point C is -
S
(A) C gets charged in any condition A
(B) C gets charged only when q 1C 2 > q 2 C1
(C) C gets charged only when q 1C 2 < q 2C1
(D) C gets charged when q1C2 ≠ q 2C 1 B

3. What is the radius of the imaginary concentric sphere

that divides the electrostatic field of a metal sphere of D C
a radius 20 cm & a charge of 8 µC in two regions of (A) 3/5 (B) 5
identical energy ? (C) 7/5 (D) 8/3
(A) 30 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 60 cm (D) 80 cm

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 53 NOVEMBER 2009

6. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are initially at rest (C) The magnitude of acceleration at a distance
placed infinite distance apart. They are then allowed 3 units from the fixed point is 27 unit
to move towards each other under mutual (D) The motion of the particle is periodic but not
gravitational attraction. Their relative velocity when simple harmonic
they are r distance apart is -
11. An electron orbiting in a circular orbit around the
2G (m1 + m2 ) 2 G m1 m 2 nucleus of an atom:
(A) (B)
r (m1 + m 2 )r (A) has a magnetic dipole moment
(B) exerts an electric force on the nucleus equal to
G(m1 + m 2 ) G m1 m 2 that on it by the nucleus
(C) (D)
r (m1 + m2 )r (C) does produces a magnetic induction at the
nucleus
7. Which of the following statements are correct for an (D) has a net energy inversely proportional to its
X-ray tube - distance from the nucleus
(A) on increasing potential difference between filament
12. A uniform rod AB of length l is free to rotate about a
and target, photon flux of X-Rays increases
horizontal axis passing through A. The rod is
(B) on increasing potential difference between released from rest from horizontal position. If the rod
filament and target, frequency of X-Ray increases gets broken at mid-point when it becomes vertical
(C) on increasing filament current, cut off then just after breaking of rod -
wavelength increases A B
(D) on increasing filament current, intensity of
X-Rays decreases
8. Find the quantum number 'n' corresponding to the
exciting state of He+ ion. If on transition to the
ground state that ion emits two photons in succession
with wavelength 1026.7Å and 304 Å. (assume
R = 1.096 × 107/m).
(A) angular velocity of upper part starts to decrease
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 1
while that of lower part remains constant
(B) angular velocity of upper part starts to decrease
Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each which that of lower part starts to increase
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of (C) angular velocity of both the parts is identical
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct. (D) angular velocity of lower parts becomes zero
9. Four identical bulbs A, B, C, D are connected in a
circuit as shown in figure. Now whenever any bulb This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has
fails, then it cannot conduct current through it. Then- 3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each
A B question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
ONLY ONE is correct.
Passage : I (No. 13 to 15)
C D One particle of mass 1 kg is moving along x-axis
with velocity 3 m/s and another particle of mass
Ideal
Battery 2 kg is moving along y-axis with 6 m/s. At t = 0, 1 kg
mass is at (3m, 0) and 2 kg at (0, 9m). Here
(A) Brightness of bulb C is highest x – y plane is horizontal plane -
(B) If C fails, brightness of bulb D increases 13. The centre of mass of two particle is moving in a
(C) If C fails, brightness of all bulbs remain same straight line (at t = 0)
(D) If A fails, B will not glow (A) y = x + 2 (B) y = 4x + 2
(C) y = 2x – 4 (D) y = 2x + 4
10. The speed v of a particle moving along a straight
line, when it is at a distance x from a fixed point on 14. If both particle have same value of coefficient of
the line is v 2 = 144 – 9x2. Select the correct friction µ = 0.2. The centre of mass will stop after
alternative(s) : time -
(A) The motion of the particle is SHM with time (A) 1.5 sec (B) 4.5 sec
2π (C) 3 sec (D) 2 sec
period T = unit
3
(B) The maximum displacement of the particle 15. The coordinates of centre of mass when it will stop -
from the fixed point is 4 unit (A) (2m, 14.25 m) (B) (2.25 m, 10m)
(C) (3.75 m, 9m) (D) (1.75 m, 12 m)

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 54 NOVEMBER 2009

Passage : II (No. 16 to 18) [if R = 1 m and data in column II are rounded off and
g = 10 m/s 2]
A particle with charge +7.60 nC is in a uniform D
electric field directed to the left. Another force, in
addition to the electric force, acts on the particle so
that when it is released from rest, it moves to the
right. After it has moved 8.00 cm, the additional R= 1m
O C
force has done 6.50 × 10–5 J of work and the particle
has 4.35 × 10–5 J of kinetic energy.
16. What work was done by the electric force ? u
(A) + 2.15 × 10–5 J (B) – 2.15 × 10–5 J A x B
–5
(C) – 4.30 × 10 J (D) + 4.30 × 10–5 J
Column-I Column-II [In SI units]
17. What is the potential of the starting point with respect (A) v0 (P) 85
to the end point ? (B) x0 (Q) 8
(A) + 2.83 kV (B) + 5.66 kV (C) N1 (R) 2
(C) – 2.83 kV (D) – 5.66 kV (D) N2 (S) 60
(T) none
18. What is the magnitude of the electric field ?
(A) 3.54 × 102 V/m (B) 3.54 × 104 V/m
6
(C) 3.54 × 10 V/m (D) 3.54 × 103 V/m CHEMISTRY
This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20). Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each
Each question contains statements given in two question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, which ONLY ONE is correct.
C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements 1. Which of the following is correct order of the
(P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these reactivity towards electrophillic substitution ?
questions have to be appropriately bubbled as O O
illustrated in the following example. If the correct
matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and C–NH–CH2 –CH3 NH–C–CH2–CH3
D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix
should be as follows :
P Q R S T
A P Q R S T (i) (ii)
O O
B P Q R S T
C P Q R S T NH–CH2–C–CH3 CH2–NH–C–CH3
D P Q R S T

19. Column- I Column- II

(A) Alpha Decay (P) Monoenergetic particles (iii) (iv)
(B) Beta Decay (Q) Poly energetic (A) i > ii > iii > iv (B) iii > ii > iv > i
(C) iii > iv > ii > i (D) None
particles are emitted
(C) Positron emission (R) Angular momentum 2. Decomposition of A follows first order kinetics by
is conserved the following equation.
4A(g) → B(g) + 2C(g)
(D) Electron capture (S) Can take place inside
If initially, total pressure was 800 mm of Hg and after
and outside nucleus 10 minutes it is found to be 650 mm of Hg. What is
(T) none half-life of A? (Assume only A is present initially)
(A) 10 minutes (B) 5 minutes
20. A small body of mass m = 2 kg is thrown with speed (C) 7.5 minutes (D) 15 minutes
u from point A along a smooth circular track as
shown. The body after moving through the points B, 3. An electron has velocity x ms–1. For a proton to have
C and D comes back at hits point A. Length AB is x. the same de-Broglie wavelength, the velocity will be
When x = 3R then u = v0 and normal reaction at approximately –
point C is N1. The minimum value of x = x0 and in 1840 x
(A) (B) (C) 1840x (D) x
this case normal reaction at point C is N2 then, x 1840

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 55 NOVEMBER 2009

4. Select the most ionic and most covalent compounds CH 3 N(CH 3 ) 2
respectively from the following. | |
CrO5, Mn2O7, PbO, P4O10, SnO2 (B) H3C– C — CH2 CHN (CH 3 ) 2
|
(A)CrO5, Mn2O7 (B) PbO, Mn2O7 CH 3
(C)CrO5, P4O10 (D) SnO2 ,CrO5 CH 3 O
5. 2 gm of complex [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O was passed | ||
through a cation exchanger to produce HCl. The acid (C) H3C – C — CH2 C N(CH3)2
|
liberated was diluted to 0.5 litre. The normality of CH 3
acid solution will be : CH 3
[Molar mass of complex = 266.5] |
1 2 8 4 (D) H3C– C — CH2CH2N(CH3)2
(A) (B) (C) (D) |
266.5 266.5 266.5 266.5 CH 3
6. To effect the conversion
Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each
O O
CH(CH2)5 CH3 question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
CH(CH2) 4COCH3
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
O O
Which of the following reagents is best suitable ? 9. Consider the following vapour pressure composition
(A) Zn-Hg, concentrated HCl graph. Hence
(B) LiAlH4 X PBº
PS
(C) NH2NH2,KOH,DMSO
PAº

vapour pressure

vapour pressure
Y
(D) NaBH4
PA
7. There are two isomeric carboxylic acids– 'A' and 'B'
C9H8O2. reacts with H2/Pd giving compounds,
PB
C9H10O2. 'A' gives a resolvable product and 'B' gives Z
a non-resolvable product. Both isomers could by
oxidised to PhCOOH. 0.0 S 1.0
The correct structures of 'A' and 'B' are, (A) vapour pressure of A = SZ
respectively– (B) vapour pressure of B = ZY
(C) vapour pressure of B = SY
(A) CH 2=CH COOH ; (D) vapour pressure of solution at X = SZ + SY
CH=CHCOOH 10. At high temperature the compound S4N4 decomposes
completely into N2 and sulphur vapour. If all
COOH
(B) CH2=C measurement are made under same T and P, it is
; CH=CH–COOH
found that for each volume of S 4N4 decomposed, 2.5
(C) volume of gaseous products are formed. Which
CH=CHCOOH ; CH 2=CH COOH
statements are true-
(D) CH=CH–COOH ; (A) Molecular formula of sulphur is S8
C=CH2 (B) Volume of N2 obtained is 2 times that of volume
COOH of S4N4 taken
8. Identify product D in the following reaction (C) Volume of sulphur obtained is equal to the
sequence: volume of N2 obtained
(D) Volume of sulphur obtained is half of the volume
CH 3
| of S4N4 consumed
K2 Cr2 O7 , H+ SOCl2
H3C– C — CH2CH2OHH  → A → B 11. A 100 ml mixture of CO and CO2 is passed through
| 2 O , Heat
CH 3 tube containing red hot charcoal. The volume now
( CH ) NH I. LiAlH , ether becomes 160 ml. The volumes are measured under the
32→ C 4 → D same condition of temperature and pressure. Amongst
II. H2 O
the following, select the correct statements-
CH 3 (A) Mole percent of CO2 in the mixture is 60
|
(B) Mole fraction of CO in the mixture is 0.40
(A) H3C– C — CH2C ≡ N
| (C) The mixture contains 40 ml of CO2
CH 3 (D) The mixture contains 40 ml of CO

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 56 NOVEMBER 2009

12. The major product of reaction 15. The resolvable organic compound, G is –
Br CH3 CH2CH3
2 → is - Br CH3 H Br
(A) CH3 Br (B) Br H
Br Br CH 3 CH2CH3
CH 3 CH 3
(A) (B)
CH 2Br CH
CH3 H H Br
Br Br (C) H (D) Br
CH3 H
Br Br
CH2Br CH 3
(C) (D) None of these
Passage : II (No. 16 to 18)
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has Aluminium react metallic oxide to release high
3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each amount of energy so it is used in metallurgy process
question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which named Aluminothermite process. Reduction of Cr2O3
ONLY ONE is correct. by Aluminium can be given by following reaction.
Passage : I (No. 13 to 15) 2Al + Cr2O3 → Al2O3 + 2Cr
C If 5 kg aluminium and 20 kg Cr2O3 react with each
(Resolvable) other to form aluminium oxide then give answer
following questions.
HBr,Peroxide
16. How much metallic chromium can be made -
A(C6H 11Br)
Decolourise Br2 water and connot (A) 9.6 kg Cr (B) 9.6 g Cr
be resolved (C) 0.96 kg Cr (D) None of these
alc. KOH HBr 17. Which reagent is limiting reagent -
(A) Al (B) Cr2O3
a single possible B (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
product (Non-resolvable)
E Zn,Heat 18. How much excess reagent remains -
HBr,R2O 2 (A) 0.59 g Al (B) 5.9 kg Cr2O3
D(C6H12)
(Excess) (C) 0.59 g Cr2O3 (D) None of these
O3;Zn,H2O
O This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20).
|| Each question contains statements given in two
G F CH 3–C–CH3 columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
Resolvable non-
C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements
resolvable
(P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these
13. Organic compound 'A' is – questions have to be appropriately bubbled as
illustrated in the following example. If the correct
CH2Br matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and
Br D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix
(A) (B) should be as follows :
P Q R S T
CH2Br Br A P Q R S T
(C) (D) B P Q R S T
14. The resolvable organic compound 'C' is – C P Q R S T
CH2Br D P Q R S T
Br
(A) (B)
19. Column-I Column-II
Br Br Molecules Bond Angle
Br (A) PH3 (P) ≈ 90º or = 90º
(B) H2O (Q) 100º < B.A. < 109º28'
(C) Br (D) (C) PF5 (R) 120º
Br Br (D) IF7 (S) 72º
(T) 180º

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 57 NOVEMBER 2009

20. Column-I | x | for 0 <| x |≤ 2
(A) 2A + B → C + 3D Rate = k 6. Let f(x) =  , then at x = 0, f has -
 1 for x = 0
(B) 2A + 2B → C + D Rate = k CA (A) a local maximum (B) no local maximum
(C) A + 2B → 3C + 4D Rate = k CACB (C) a local minimum (D) no extremum
k 1C A
(D) 2A + 2B → 3C + 3D Rate =
1+ k 2C A tan x
Column-II
7. If I = ∫ a + b tan 2 x
dx (a > b), then I equals -
(P) Unit of rate constant possesses
concentration unit 1  a + b tan 2 x 
(Q) Rate constant for the reaction of both the (A) sin–1  + C
b −a  b −a 
reactants are equal  
(R) Rate of consumption of at least one of the  a + b tan 2 x 
1
reactant is equal to rate of production of (B) cos–1  + C
atleast one of the products b −a  b −a 
 
(S) If both reactants are taken in stoichiometric
ratio, half life for both reactants are equal 1  a + b tan 2 x 
(T) Both rate constant and order are not defined (C) tan–1  + C
b −a  b −a 
 
 
MATHEMATICS (D)
1
tan–1 

b−a
2
+C

b −a  a + b tan x 
Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each π/4 sin 2θ
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which ONLY ONE is correct.
8. If I = ∫0 sin θ + cos 4 θ
2
dθ , then I equals -

(A) π/2 (B) π/ 3 (C) π/2 3 (D) π/3 3

1. If coefficients of x20 in (1 – x + x2)20 and in
(1 + x – x2) 20 are respectively a and b, then -
(A) a = b (B) a > b Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each
(C) a < b (D) a + b = 0 question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
 cos α sin α 0 
  x y
2. If A(α, β) = − sin α cos α 0  , then A(α, β)–1 is 9. Suppose (x + iy)1/5 = a + ib and u = – , then -
a b
 0 0 eβ  (A) a – b is a factor of u (B) a + b is a factor of u
equal to - (C) a + ib is a factor of u (D) a – ib is a factor of u
(A) A(–α, β) (B) A(–α, –β)
(C) A(α, –β) (D) A(α, β) 10. Consider the system of linear equations in x, y and z :
(sin 3θ) x – y + z = 0
3. If f(x) is a polynomial satisfying f(x).f(1/x) = f(x) + (cos 2θ) x + 4y + 3z = 0
f(1/x), and f(3) = 28, then f(4) is given by - 2x + 7y + 7z = 0
(A) 63 (B) 65 (C) 67 (D) 68 The values of θ for which the system of equations has
a non-trivial solution are -
4. Given the function f(x) = 1/(1–x), the number points (A) {nπ:n ∈ I}
of discontinuity of the composite function y = f 3n(x), (B) {mπ + (–1) m π/6 : m ∈ I}
where f n(x) = fof ... of (n times) are (n ∈ N) - (C) {nπ + (–1)m π/3 : m ∈ I}
(A) 0, 1 (B) 2n (C) 3n (D) 2n + 1 (D) none of these

5. The tangent to the curve x = a cos 2θ cos θ, 11. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal
to x.
y = a cos 2θ sin θ at the point corresponding to If f(x) = [x sin π x], then f(x) is -
θ = π/6 is - (A) continuous at x = 0
(A) parallel to the x-axis (B) continuous in (–1, 0)
(B) parallel to the y-axis (C) differentiable at x = 1
(C) parallel to line y = x (D) differentiable in (–1, 1)
(D) none of these

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 58 NOVEMBER 2009

 2 1
 dy  dy
∫ tan
6
12. The solution of   + 2y cot x = y2 is - 17. If x dx = tan5 x + A tan3 x + tan x – x + C
 dx  dx 5
then A is equal to -
c c (A) 1/3 (B) 2/3
(A) y – = 0 (B) y =
1 + cos x 1 − cos x (C) – 2/3 (D) – 1/3
(C) x = 2 sin–1 c / 2 y (D) none of these
− cosec n − 2 x cot x
This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has 18. If ∫ cosecn x dx =
n −1
+
3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each
A ∫ cosecn −2 x dx then A is equal to -
question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
ONLY ONE is correct. 1 n
(A) (B)
n −2 n −2
Passage : I (No. 13 to 15) n −1 n −2
Using differentiability and continuity of a function f (C) (D)
which satisfies certain functional equation, we can n −2 n −1
determine in some cases the function explicity. E.g.
This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20).
If f satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ∈ R and Each question contains statements given in two
f(x) ≠ 0 for any x ∈ R and f ′(0) = 1 then f(x) = e x. columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements
 x + y  2 + f ( x ) + f ( y) (P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these
13. If a function f satisfy f  = for questions have to be appropriately bubbled as
 3  3
illustrated in the following example. If the correct
real x and y and f ′ (2) = 3, then f(x) is equal to - matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and
1 3 D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix
(A) – x + x2 (B) 24 log (3x + 2)
12 should be as follows :
3 P Q R S T
(C) 3x + 2 (D) x2 + 2
4 A P Q R S T
B P Q R S T
14. If f is a differentiable function on R and f ′(0) = 2 C P Q R S T
f ( x ) + f ( y) D P Q R S T
satisfying f(x + y) = then f( π/8) is equal
1 − f ( x )f ( y)
to - 19. A is a set containing n elements. A subset P of A is
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 3/2 (D) tan π/8 chosen at random. The set A is reconstructed by
replacing the elements of the subset P. A subset Q of
15. If f ′(x) = f(x) for all x and f ′(0) = 4 then f(x) is equal A is again chosen at random. The probability that
to - (where |x| = number of elements in X)
(A) 2e2x (B) e4x Column-I Column-II
4 2
(C) x + 4x + 4x (D) 4ex (A) P ∩ Q = φ (P) n(3n–1)/4n
(B) P ∩ Q is a singleton (Q) (3/4)n
Passage : II (No. 16 to 18) (C) P ∩ Q contains 2 (R) 2nCn/4n
elements
We can derive reduction formulas for the integral of the (D) |P| = |Q| (S) 9n(n–1)/2(4n)

∫
form sin n x dx, ∫ cos ∫ tan ∫
n n
x dx x dx , cot n x dx a
20. The value of I = ∫ 0 f (x)dx
and other integrals of these form using integration by
Column-I Column-II
parts. In turn these reduction formulas can be used to
(A) a = π, f(x) = x sin4 x (P) π(π – 2)/2
compute integrals of higher power of sin x, cos x etc.
π
(B) a = π, f(x) = x sin4 x cos6 x (Q)
1 3 2
∫
5
16. If sin x dx = – sin4 x cos x + A sin2 x cos x –
5 cos 2 x 3π 2
8 (C) a = π/2, f(x)= (R)
cos x + C then A is equal to - 1 + cos x sin x 512
15 x tan x 3 2
(A) – 2/15 (B) – 3/5 (D) a = π, f(x)= (S) π
(C) – 4/15 (D) – 1/15 sec x + tan x 16

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 59 NOVEMBER 2009

 Based on New Pattern

IIT-JEE 2011
XtraEdge Test Series # 7
Time : 3 Hours
Syllabus :
Physics : Full Syllabus, Chemistry : Full Syllabus, Mathematics : Full syllabus
Instructions :
Section - I
• Question 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions with only one correct answer. +3 marks will be awarded for correct
answer and -1 mark for wrong answer.
• Question 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions with multiple correct answer. +4 marks and -1 mark for wrong
answer.
• Question 13 to 18 are passage based single correct type questions. +4 marks will be awarded for correct answer and
-1 mark for wrong answer.
Section - II
• Question 19 to 20 are Column Matching type questions. +8 marks will be awarded for the complete correctly
matched answer and No Negative marks for wrong answer. However, +2 marks will be given for a correctly
marked answer in any row.

3. A ball is thrown vertically upward, if air resistance

PHYSICS is taken in account then the acceleration of ball at
the highest point of its motion is -
Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each (A) 0 (B) greater than g
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of (C) less than g (D) equal to g
which ONLY ONE is correct.
→ → → → →
1. For an ideal gas graph is shown for three processes. 4. If a and b are two unit vectors and R = a + b and
→
Processes 1, 2, and 3 are respectively – also if | R | = R, then -
work done (magnitude) (A) R < 0 (B) R > 2
(C) 0 ≤ R≤ 2 (D) R must be 2
3 ^ ^
5. A projectile thrown with initial velocity (a i +b j )
2 and its range is twice the maximum height attained
by it then -
1 a
∆T (A) b = (B) b = a (C) b = 2a (D) b = 4a
2
Temperatrue change
(A) Isochoric, isobaric, adiabatic 6. Two identical heavy spheres of equal mass are
(B) Isochoric, adiabatic, isobaric placed on smooth cup of radius 3r where r is radius
of each sphere as shown. Then the ratio of reaction
(C) isobaric, adiabatic, isochoric
force between cup and any sphere to reaction force
(D) Adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric between two sphere is –
2. Two moles of monoatomic gas is mixed with one 0
mole of diatomic gas at the same temperature. Molar
heat capacity at constant volume for the mixture is - 3r 3r
13R 11R r r
(A) (B)
6 6
5R 7R
(C) (D) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none
3 6

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 60 NOVEMBER 2009

7. The distance of centres of mass of two square plates (A) 1.6 3 cm (B) 1.6 cm
system a shown from point O. If masses of plates are
(C) 4.8 cm (D) none of these
2m and m is (their edges are 'a' and '2a' respectively)
11. A projectile is thrown from point P on horizontal
a 2m ground at angle θ with horizontal then -
(A) the projectile moves always from point P for any
O values of θ
(B) the projectile moves always from point P for
m 2a some values of θ
(C) for some value of θ projectile first moves always
from point P then comes closer to point P for
some time interval
a 3a 2a
(A) (B) a (C) (D) (D) none of these
2 2 3
12. As shown in figure pulley is ideal and strings are
8. A particle is moving in a circular path and its massless. If mass m of hanging block is the minimum
acceleration vector is making an angle of 30° with mass to set the equilibrium of system then –
the velocity vector, then the ratio of centripetal (g = 10 m/s2)
acceleration to its tangential acceleration is –
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3
2 2 3
θ= 37º
Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct. θ= 37º
m
9. Figure shows cyclic process. From c to b 40 J is
transferred as heat from b to a, 130 J is transferred as 20 kg
heat, and work done is 80 J from a to c, 400 J is µ = 0.5
transferred as heat then – θ = 37º
P
c (A) m = 2.5 kg
(B) m = 5 kg
(C) force applied by 20 kg block on inclined plane is
a b
179 N
V (D) force applied by 20 kg block on inclined plane is
(A) work done in process a to c is 310 J 223 N
(B) Net work done in cycle is 230
(C) Net change in internal energy in cycle is 130 J This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has
(D) Thermal efficiency is 57.5% 3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each
question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
10. Two identical ideal springs of spring constant 1000 ONLY ONE is correct.
N/m as connected by an ideal pulley as shown and
system is arranged in vertical plane. At equilibrium θ Passage : I (No. 13 to 15)
is 60º and masses m1 and m2 are 2kg and 3kg One mole of monoatomic gas is taken through above
respectively. Then elongation in each spring when θ cyclic process. TA = 300 K
is 60º is – Process AB is defined as PT = constant.
P
θ θ
B C
3P 0
P0
A
T
13. Work done in process AB is
m1 (A) 400 R (B) – 400 R
m2 (C) 200 R (D) – 300 R

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 61 NOVEMBER 2009

14. Change in internal energy in process CA 19. In the equation, y = A sin 2 π (ax + bt + π/4) match
(A) 900 R (B) 300 R (C) 1200 R (D) zero the following :
Column-I Column-II
15. Heat transferred in the process BC is (A) Frequency of wave (P) a
(A) 1000 R (B) 500 R (B) Wavelength of wave (Q) b
(C) 2000 R (D) 1500 R (C) Phase difference (R) π
between two points
Passage : II (No. 16 to 18) 1/4a distance apart
An external force F is applied at an angle θ with the (D) Phase difference of a (S) π/2
point after a time
horizontal as shown on the block of mass 'm'. The
interval of 1/8b
coefficient of friction between block and wall is µ. (T) none
16. The minimum value of force f required to keep the
block at rest is – 20. Capillary rise and shape of droplets on a plate due to
surface tension are shown in column II.
Column-I Column-II
A
m
θ rough (µ) B

(A) Adhesive forces is (P)

F
greater than cohesive
mg mg
(A) (B) forces
µ cos θ sin θ + µ cos θ
A
mg mg
(C) (D) (B) Cohesive forces is (Q)
sin θ − µ cos θ µ tan θ B
greater than adhesive
17. The maximum value of force F up to which block forces
remains at rest is - (C) Pressure at A > pressure (R) A mercury drop
mg mg at B is pressed between
(A) (B)
µ cos θ sin θ + µ cos θ two parallel plates
of glass
mg mg
(C) (D) B A
sin θ − µ cos θ µ tan θ

18. The value of force F for which friction force between B A

(D) Pressure at B > Pressure (S)
block and wall is zero -
at A
mg mg mg
(A) mg (B) (C) (D) (T) none
sin θ cos θ tan θ

This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20).

Each question contains statements given in two CHEMISTRY
columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each
(P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
questions have to be appropriately bubbled as
illustrated in the following example. If the correct which ONLY ONE is correct.
matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and
D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix 1. Kinetic energy and potential energy of an electron in
should be as follows : an orbit and the centrifugal force experienced by it
P Q R S T are respectively -
A P Q R S T Ze 2 Ze 2 mv2 Ze 2 Ze 2 mv2
(A) ,– , (B) – , ,
B P Q R S T 2r r r 2r r r
2
C P Q R S T Ze Ze mv2
2
Ze Ze mv2
2 2
(C) ,– , (D) – , ,
D P Q R S T r 2r r r 2r r

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 62 NOVEMBER 2009

 2. 3 L of a gas mixture consisting of propane and butane 9. Pick up the correct statement(s)
on complete combustion produced 10 dm3 (cubic (A) Pb4+ salts are better oxidising agents
decimeter) CO2 under identical conditions. The (B) As5+ salts are oxidising agents
volume of propane in the mixture is - (C) Tl3+ salts are oxidising agents
(A) 2L (B) 1L (C) 1.5 L (D) 0.5 L (D) Ga+ salts are reducing agents

3. Chloropicrin CCl3NO2 can be made cheaply for use Br

as an insectiside by a process which utilizes the
reaction 10. + KOH (alc) —→
CH3NO2 + 3Cl2 ––→ CCl3NO2 + 3HCl
How much nitromethane, CH3NO2 is needed to form Br
300 g of chloropicrin - Which of the following can be formed.
(A) 55 g (B) 111g Br
(C) 222 g (D) None of these

4. In which of the following, the maximum number of (A) (B) (C) (D)
lone pairs is present on the central atom ?
Br Br Br
(A) ClO −3 (B) XeF4
11. Reduction of But-2-yne with Na and liquid NH3
(C) SF4 (D) I3− gives an alkene which upon catalytic
hydrogenation with D2 / Pt gives an alkane. The
5. The least stable resonance structure is - alkene and alkane formed respectively are -
+ – (A) cis-but-2-ene and
+ O + O
– N + N recemic-2, 3-dideuterobutane
(A) (B) (B) trans-but-2-ene and
O– O– meso-2, 3-dideuterobutane
– –
+ O +
+ O (C) trans-but-2-ene and
⊕ N N
recemic-2, 3-dideuterobutane
(C) (D)
O– O– (D) cis-but-2-ene and
meso-2, 3-dideuterobutane
6. 2 mole each of SO3, CO, SO2 and CO2 is taken in one
litre vessel. If Kc for 12. Which of the following methods yield saturated
hydrocarbons -
SO3 + CO SO2 + CO2 is 1/9 then -
(i ) BH
(A) total no. of moles at equilibrium are less than 8 (A) RCH = CH2 
3
→
(ii )CH3 COOH
(B) n(SO3) + n(CO2) = 4 CH N
(C) [n(SO2) / n(CO)] < 1 (B) R–CH=CH2 2
2 →
∆
(D) Both (B) & (C) Na / Ether
(C) Br–CH2(CH2)3–CH2–Br →
∆
7. Which of the following statements is correct for a COONa NaOH / CaO
solution saturated with AgCl and AgBr if their (D) →
∆
solubilities in moles per litre in separate solutions are
x and y respectively ?
(A) [Ag+] = x + y (B) [Ag+] = [Br–] + [Cl–] This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has
3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each
(D) [Br–] = y (D) [Cl–] > x
question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
8. The entropy change accompanying the heating of one ONLY ONE is correct.
mole of Helium gas, assuming ideal behaviour from a Passage : I (No. 13 to 15)
temperature of 300 K to a temperature of 1000 K at Photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which
constant pressure. the surface of alkali metals like potassium and
(A) 25.17 J K–1 mol–1 (B) 20 kJ K–1 mol–1 cesium emit electrons when a beam of light with
(C) 2.517 J K–1 mol–1 (D) 0.2517 J K–1 mol–1 high frequency is made to fall on them. The
ejected electrons are called photoelectrons
Energy of photon = Work function + Maximum
Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each kinetic energy of ejected electrons.
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
1
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct. ⇒ mv2max = h(ν – ν0)
2

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 63 NOVEMBER 2009

13. Lithium does not show photoelectric effect due to - (C) over all pressures
(A) small size and high charge density (D) over a specific temperature and specific pressure
(B) high ionization energy
(C) low ionization energy 18. At low pressure, the van der Waal's equation is -
(D) None a a
(A) PV = RT+ (B) PV = RT –
14. The K.E. of photoelectrons depend on - V V
(A) Wavelength of light (B) Frequency of light a a
(C) Intensity of light (D) None of these (C) PV = RT + 2 (D) PV = RT – 2
V V
15. Electrons are emitted with zero velocity from a
metal surface when it is exposed to radiation of This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20).
wavelength 6800Å. The threshold frequency (ν0) Each question contains statements given in two
is- columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
(A) 2.92 × 10–19 s–1 (B) 4.41 × 1014 s–1 C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements
19 –1
(C) 7.18 × 10 s (D) 5.84 × 105 s–1 (P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these
questions have to be appropriately bubbled as
Passage : II (No. 16 to 18) illustrated in the following example. If the correct
Real gases deviate from ideal behaviour because matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and
of the following two faulty assumptions of kinetic D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix
theory: should be as follows :
(i) The actual volume occupied by molecules is P Q R S T
negligible as compared to the total volume of the A P Q R S T
gas. B P Q R S T
(ii) The forces of attraction and repulsion between
C P Q R S T
molecules of the gas are negligible
The extent of deviation of a real gas from ideal D P Q R S T
behaviour is expressed in terms of compressibility
factor (z). 19. Column-I Column-II
Hence, suitable corrections were applied to the (A) No. of ion in 1 mole (P) NA
ideal gas equation so that it can also explain the K4[Fe(CN)6]
behaviour of real gases. The equation obtained by (B) No. of atoms in (Q) 5NA
applying the two corrections to the usual gas Ca3(PO4) 2 in 0.2 mole
equations is known as van der Waal equation of this compound
1. Volume correction (C) No. of electron in (R) 2.6 NA
Corrected (ideal) volume = (V – b) 0.5 mole H2O
where b is the effective volume of the molecules. (D) No. of protons in (S) 1.56 × 1024
2. Pressure correction (intermolecular attraction 0.1 mole CH4
correction) (NA = 6.0 × 1023)
Corrected (ideal pressure = P + p (T) 0.3 × 1025
a
However, p = 2 20. Column-I Column-II
V (A) Ratio of energy of (P) 4 : 3
∴ The van der Waal's equation becomes electron in 3rd orbit
 2  of H-atom and 4th
 P + an  (V – nb) = nRT orbit of Li2+ ion
 V 2 
 (B) Ratio of de-Broglie (Q) 25 : 16
On the basis of the above work-up answer the wavelengths of electron
following questions : in 2nd orbit of H-atom
to 3rd orbit of He+ ion
16. 0.5 value of compressibility factor (z) indicates (C) Ratio of 3rd and 4th (R) 27 : 32
that the gas : separation energies
(A) shows positive deviation from the ideal gas for H-atom
(B) negative deviation from the ideal gas behaviour (D) Ratio of frequencies (S) 4 : 9
(C) either of the two of revolution of
(D) the factor is insufficient electrons in 2nd orbit of
H-atom and 3rd orbit of
17. van der Waal equation is obeyed by the real gases: He+ ion
(A) over a wide range of temperature and pressure (T) 2 : 3
(B) over all temperatures

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 64 NOVEMBER 2009

 7. The locus of the mid-point of the line segment
MATHEMATICS joining the focus to a moving point on the parabola
y2 = 4ax is another parabola with directrix -
Questions 1 to 8 are multiple choice questions. Each (A) x = – a (B) x = – a/2
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of (C) x = 0 (D) x = a/2
which ONLY ONE is correct.
8. If PQ is a double ordinate of the hyperbola
1. If z1, z2, z3 are three distinct complex numbers and
a, b, c are three positive real numbers such that x2 y2
– = 1 such that OPQ is an equilateral
a b c a 2 b2
= = , then value of triangle, O being the centre of the hyperbola. Then
| z 2 − z 3 | | z 3 − z1 | | z1 − z 2 |
the eccentricity e of the hyperbola, satisfies -
a2 b2 c2
+ + is (A) 1 < e < 2 / 3 (B) e = 2 / 3
z 2 − z 3 z 3 − z1 z1 − z 2
(A) 0 (B) w (C) e = 3 / 2 (D) e > 2 / 3
(C) w2 (D) none of these
Questions 9 to 12 are multiple choice questions. Each
2. If a ∈ R, and the equation
question has four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of
(a – 2) (x – [x])2 + 2(x – [x]) + a2 = 0 (1)
which MULTIPLE (ONE OR MORE) is correct.
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer ≤ x) has no
integral solution and has exactly one solution in
(2, 3), then a lies in the interval - 9. Let α be a repeated root of
(A) (–1, 2) (B) (0, 1) p(x) = x3 + 3ax2 + 3bx + c = 0, then -
(C) (–1, 0) (D) (2, 3) (A) α is a root of x2 + 2ax + b = 0
n
c − ab
3. Value of ∑
k =1
(C k )(C k −1 ) is - (B) α =
2(a 2 − b)
1 2n+2 ab − c
(A) 2nCn (B) ( Cn+1) – 2nCn (C) α =
2 a2 −b
2n
(C) Cn+2 (D) none of these
(D) α is a root of ax2 + 2bx + c = 0

4. In a triangle with one angle 2 π/3, the lengths of the

10. Let N denote the number of ways in which n boys
sides form an A.P. If the length of the greatest side is
can be arranged in a line so that 3 particular boys are
7 cm, the radius of the circumcircle of the triangle is -
separated. Then -
(A) 7 3 /3cm (B) 5 3 /3cm
(A) 3!|N (B) (n – 2)!|N
n–2
(C) 2 3 /3cm (D) 3 cm (C) C3|N (D) (n – 3)2 (n – 4)2|N

x 1 
5. The value of cos–1 x + cos–1  + 3 − 3x 2  11. The equation 3 sin2 x+10 cos x – 6 = 0 is satisfied if-
2 2 
(A) x = nπ + cos–1 (1/3)
(1/2 ≤ x ≤ 1) is equal to -
(B) x = nπ – cos–1 (1/3)
(A) π/6 (B) π/3 (C) π (D) 0
(C) x = 2nπ + cos–1 (1/3)
6. Two rods of lengths a and b slide along the x-axis (D) x = 2nπ – cos–1 (1/3) (n ∈ I)
and y-axis respectively in such a manner that their
ends are concyclic. The locus of the centre of the
12. The Cartesian equation of the curve whose
circle passing through the end points is -
parametric equation is x = 2t – 3 and y = 4t2 – 1 is
(A) 4(x2 + y2) = a2 + b 2
given by -
(B) x2 + y2 = a 2 + b2
(C) 4(x2 – y2) = a 2 – b2 (A) (x+3)2 – y – 1 = 0 (B) x2 + 6x – y + 8 = 0
(D) x2 – y2 = a2 – b 2 (C) (y+1)2 + x + 3 = 0 (D) y2 + 6x – 2y + 4 = 0

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 65 NOVEMBER 2009

This section contains 2 paragraphs; each has
3 multiple choice questions. (Questions 13 to 18) Each
question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which
ONLY ONE is correct.
Passage : I (No. 13 to 15)
A and B are two points on the boundary of a circular
field of radius R and centre O. ∠AOB = θ. A circle
with centre A and radius AB meets the circular field
again at C and the line AO produced at E.L., M are
points on the boundary of the field lying between
C and A, A and B, respectively.
13. AB is equal to -
(A) R sin θ (B) 2R sin (θ/2)
(C) R cos θ (D) 2R cos (θ/2)
This section contains 2 questions (Questions 19 to 20).
Each question contains statements given in two
columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B,
C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements
(P, Q, R, S, T) in Column II. The answers to these
questions have to be appropriately bubbled as
illustrated in the following example. If the correct
matches are A-P, A-S, A-T, B-Q, B-R, C-P, C-Q and
D-S, D-T then the correctly bubbled 4 × 5 matrix
should be as follows :
P Q R S T
A P Q R S T
B P Q R S T
C P Q R S T
D P Q R S T

14. Area of the segment AMB is equal to - 19. Let a1, a2, a 3, ..... be a geometric progression such that
(A) (1/2) R2 θ (B) (1/2)R2 sin θ 1 1
log10(am) = and log10(an) =
(C) (1/2) R2 (θ – sin θ) (D) none of these n m
for two fixed positive integer m and n, with m < n,
15. If the area AMBECL is 1/nth of the field, then then
sin θ + ( π – θ) cos θ is equal to - Column-I Column-II
n −1 (A) a2m+n (P) 101/m–1/n
(A) nπ (B) π
n (B) amn (Q) 10
(C) (n – 1)π (D) (n + 1)π (C) am+n (R) 102/n + 1/m
(D) an–m (S) 101/n + 1/m
Passage : II (No. 16 to 18)
A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of a 20. Column-I Column-II
triangle ABC. lx + my + n = 0 is an equation of the (A) Equation of the polar (P) 8x + 2y – 23 = 0
line L. of (–7, –9) with
16. If L intersects the sides BC, CA and AB of the respect to the circle
triangle ABC at P, Q, R respectively then x2+y2 –12x–8y–48 = 0
BP CQ AR (B) Equation of the (Q) 13x + 13y – 30 = 0
× × is equal to -
PC QA RB common chord of the
(A) – 1 (B) – 1/2 circles x2 + y2
(C) 1/2 (D) 1 + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 and
17. If the centroid of the triangle ABC is at the origin and x2+y2 +4x + 3y + 2 = 0
algebraic sum of the lengths of the perpendiculars (C) Equation of the (R) 2x + y + 1 = 0
from the vertices of the triangle ABC on the line L is tangent at (–7, –9) to
equal to 1 then sum of the squares of the intercepts the circle x2 + y2 + 12x
made by L on the coordinate axes is equal to - + 8y + 26 = 0
(A) 0 (B) 4
(D) Equation of the radical (S) x + 5y + 52 = 0
(C) 9 (D) 16
axis of the circles
18. If P divides BC in the ratio 2 : 1 and Q divides CA in 2x2 + 2y2 + 4x + 4y + 9 = 0
the ratio 1 : 3 then R divides AB in the ratio - and x2 + y2 + 6x+3y – 7 = 0
(A) 2 : 3 internally (B) 2 : 3 externally
(C) 3 : 2 internally (D) 3 : 2 externally

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 66 NOVEMBER 2009

 XtraEdge Test Series
ANSWER KEY
IIT- JEE 2010 (November issue)

PHYSICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D B A B A B B A, C , D A, B , C
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans A, B , C , D A, C B C D B C B
19 A → P,R B → Q,R,S C → Q,R D → P,R
20 A→ Q B→R C→P D→S

C H EM I STR Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B B B B C C B D A, C , D A, B , D
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans A, B , D A B B C A A B
19 A→ P B→Q C → P,R D → S,P
20 A → P,R,S B → Q,S C → P,S D → S,T

MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B B B A A D C D A, B , C , D A, B
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans A, B , D B,D C B D C D D
19 A→ R B→P C→S D→R
20 A→ S B→R C→Q D→P

IIT- JEE 2011 (November issue)

PHYSICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A B D C C B B C A, D A
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans B,C A, C B A C B C B
19 A→ Q B→T C→S D→T
20 A→ P B → Q,R,S C → P,S D → Q,R

C H EM I STR Y
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A A B D A D B A A, C , D A, B
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans C A, B , C , D B B B B A B
19 A → Q,T B → R,S C→Q D→P
20 A→ R B→P C→Q D→R

MATHEMATICS
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A C B A B C C D A, B , D A, B , C , D
Ques 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans C,D A, B B C B A C D
19 A→ R B→Q C→S D→P
20 A→ Q B→R C→S D→P

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 67 NOVEMBER 2009

XtraEdge for IIT-JEE 68 NOVEMBER 2009