B.Sc. Engg.(EE)/ HDEE, 3rd Sem.

Date: May, 2018 (Morning)

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)
ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Semester Final Examination Winter Semester, A.Y. 2017-2018
Course No.: EEE 4305 Time: 3 Hours
Course Title: Energy Conversion I Full Marks: 150
There are 8 (eight) questions. Answer any 6 (six) questions. All questions carry equal marks. Marks
in the margin indicate full marks. Programmable calculators are not allowed. Do not write on this
question paper.
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1. a) Discuss pole pitch, coil pitch and commutator pitch of a dc machine with neat 10
diagram. How do you identify the front-end and back-end of a coil in a dc machine?

b) Calculate the front pitch (YF) and back pitch (YB) of simplex wave winding 10
(progressive) for the armature of a dc generator having 4-poles and 26 conductors
arranged in double-layers. Using the calculated YF and YB, show the overall
connection scheme in a tabular form (winding diagram not required). How many
parallel paths will be present in this winding?

c) The pole pitch of a 6-pole dc machine is measured as 180° (mechanical). Find out 05
the corresponding pole pitch in electrical degrees. What would happen to the pole
pitch (both mechanical and electrical) value if the number of poles gets doubled?

2 a) What are the consequences of practical commutation in a dc machine? How is it 07

different than the ideal commutation? Comment on the magnitude of reactance
voltage in case of ideal commutation.

b) What is the process of determining the polarity of inter-poles in a dc machine? 06

Which current is flown through the inter-pole winding and why? Discuss in brief
with neat diagram.

c) A 4-pole lap-connected armature of a dc shunt generator is required to supply 250 V 12

across the loads connected in parallel: i) 5 kW Geyser, ii) 7.5 kW lighting load. The
generator has an armature resistance of 0.25 ohm and a field resistance of 225 ohm.
The armature has total 240 conductors and runs at 1500 rpm. Neglecting brush
contact drop and friction loss, determine: i) flux per pole, ii) armature current per
parallel path, and iii) new armature current (total), output power and prime mover
speed if the lighting load is turned off.

3. a) What is the critical speed of a shunt generator? How is it related to the voltage 07
build-up process of the shunt generator? Mention other factors (if any) responsible
for proper voltage build-up of a shunt generator.

b) When does the energy storage in the field poles of a self-excited dc generator 08
change? What are the differences between the OCCs of a shunt generator and a
compound (long shunt) generator? Draw the OCC for a series generator.

c) A 220 V compound generator is supplying a load of 110 A at 220 V. The resistances 10

of its armature, shunt and series windings are 0.1 ohm, 50 ohm and 0.06 ohm
respectively. Find the induced emf, armature current, electrical power output and
 copper losses when the machine is connected as i) long shunt and ii) short shunt. In
which case the copper loss is greater?

4. a) Why are the shaft torque and armature torque not identical for dc motors? Which 02
loss would become negligible if these torques could be assumed equal?

b) Consider a 2-pole dc machine being initially run as a generator by the prime-mover 08

in the anti-clockwise direction as shown in figure 4a. Find out the direction of
current through the armature conductors in loaded condition. In which direction the
magnetic neutral axis (MNA) will get shifted due to armature reaction?
If, however, the machine is run as a motor, considering the same direction of current
flowing through the armature (as found earlier in case of generator), determine the
direction of motion for the motor and the direction of MNA shift due to armature
reaction.

Figure: 4a

c) A 4-pole, 250 V, wave connected shunt motor gives 11.25 kW when running at 1100 15
rpm and drawing armature and field current of 50 and 1.0 A respectively. It has 540
conductors. Its armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. Neglecting brush voltage drop, find i)
armature torque, ii) shaft torque, iii) flux per pole, iv) rotational losses and v)
efficiency.
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5. a) The load coupled to the shaft of a dc motor has torque vs time characteristics as 05
shown in figure 5a. With appropriate equations, explain the kind of motor that
should not be used.

Figure: 5a
 b) Considering a dc shunt motor is running at constant load, explain the effect of 08
increase in flux on motor’s speed, armature current and torque with relevant
equations.

c) A 6-pole 300 V lap-connected series motor has 800 conductors and 20 mWb 12
flux/pole. The armature and field resistance are 0.5 ohm and 0.01 ohm respectively.
What will be the speed and torque developed by the motor when it draws 20 A from
the supply mains? Neglect armature reaction. If magnetic and mechanical losses
amount to 500 W, find i) shaft torque, ii) output in kW and iii) efficiency at this load.

6. a) A dc shunt motor along with its starter circuit is shown in figure 6a. Identify the 20
major flaws of the given configuration and discuss their respective impact on the
operation. Rectify the flaws (wherever applicable) and redraw the corrected
configuration.

Figure 6a

b) The nameplate data of a dc machine reads as follows: 05

Voltage: 220 V, Power: 1 kW, Speed: 1800 rpm. R field, min = 110 ohm. Consider a
reasonable value for armature resistance. Calculate the rated armature current and
the starting current for this machine when used as a shunt motor.

7. a) Are the winding thicknesses of a transformer’s low-voltage and high-voltage sides 05

same? Justify your answer.

b) Define turns ratio of a transformer. Explain the way of determining the direction of 05
current flow in the primary and secondary sides of the transformer shown in figure
7b. Consider the instantaneous polarity of the primary side voltage as depicted in the
 figure.

Figure 7b

c) A 100-kVA, 33000/3300-V, 50-Hz, step down transformer has the following 15

resistance and leakage reactance values: R1 = 4 ohm, R2 = 0.04 ohm, X1 = 12 ohm,
X2 = 0.12 ohm. The transformer is operating at rated load. If the power factor of the
load is 0.866 lagging, determine the efficiency of the transformer.

8. a) What are the purposes of using oil in a transformer tank? How does the breather 05
work?

b) How much mechanical loss is present in a transformer? Derive the condition of 05

maximum efficiency for a transformer.

c) The following data were obtained from testing a 50-kVA 5000/250-V, step down 15
transformer:

Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

Open-circuit test 250 2 100
Short-circuit test 150 10 500

Determine the equivalent circuit of the transformer as viewed from the high-voltage
side.