Local Area networking using Human body

Keywords: Human area network, Red tacton, Blue tooth, Intra-body tacton,
Infrared, Electro-optic sensor, Laser.
human area networks are bulky and can easily
Abstract: The major problem in today’s become entangled.
world is communication. Even though the Short-range wireless communication systems
digital communication has evolved, it is such as Blue tooth and wireless local area
still not efficient for all the people to networks(IEEE 802.11b, etc.) Have some problems.
access and also the infrared Throughput is reduced by packet collisions. In
communication has some serious crowded spaces such as meeting rooms and
disadvantages .To overcome this a newer auditoriums filled with people , communication
communication method, which uses is not secure because signals can be
conduction property of human body to intercepted. The principle drawback of
transmit signals called as red tacton is infrared communications (Ida) is the tight?
proposed in this paper. RedTacton is Directionality of beams between terminals needed
a new Human Area Networking for the system to be effective. The ultimate human
technology that uses the surface of the area network solution to all these constraints of
human body as a safe, high-speed conventional technologies is “intrepid”
network transmission path. Red tacton communication, in which the human body
uses the very weak electric field emitted serves as the transmission medium. In everyday
on the surface of the human body. A services (which imply communication between
transmission path is formed electronic devices embedded in the environment in
automatically by body contact and this close proximity to people), if we could use the
initiates communication between human body itself as a transmission medium, then
electronic devices. this would be an ideal way of implementing human
area networks because it would solve at a stroke all
Introduction the problems throughput reduction, low security,
Today people can and high network setup costs.
communicate any time, anywhere, and with
anyone over a cellular phone network. Red tacton
Moreover, the Internet lets people Red Tacton involves initiating
download immense quantities of data from action with a touch that could result in a wide
remotely located servers to their home range of actions in response. So, NTT Combined
computers. Essentially, these two
touch and action to coin the term Tacton, and then
technologies enable communications
between terminals located at a distance added the word Red - a Warm color -- to
from each other. Meanwhile all kinds of emphasize warm and cordial communications,
electronic devices including personal creating the name RedTacton. RedTacton is a
digital assistants (PDAs), pocket video new Human Area Networking technology
games, and digital cameras are that uses the surface of the human body as a safe,
becoming smaller, so people can carry high-speed network transmission path. Red tacton
uses the very weak electric field emitted on
Communication is possible,
around or even wear various personal
Information and communication appliances
during their everyday activities. Wired
connections between electronic devices in
RedTacton works through shoes and
clothing as well. fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or
toes. using any body surfaces, such as the hands

reaches the receiver is Es = Ea – (Eb +

Ec) to be initiated through natural
PRINCIPLE: actions such as grasping, sitting
walking and stepping onto
something.Electrical sensors basically
The operating principle
involve two-wire communication with a
signal line and a
of RedTacton is illustrated in Fig. 2.
ground line, so when there is only a
The weak electric fields pass through the body to
signal
a RedTacton receiver, where the weak electric
line a(i.e.,the human body) ,the signal
fields affects the optical properties of an electro-
cannot be transmitted properly.
optic crystal.
The extent to which the optical properties are
changed is detected by laser light which is then The three major functional features of
converted to an electrical signal by a detector RedTacton are highlighted below.
circuit.Ea represents the electric field induced (1) A communications path can be
toward the body by the transmitter’s signal created with simple Touch,
electrode. The system requires a ground close automatically initiating the flow of data
to the transmitter signal electrode, so electric For example, two people equipped with
field be induced from the body can follow a RedTacton devices could exchange data
Return path to the transmitter just by shaking hands.
ground.Moreover, since people are usually
standing on a floor or the ground, electric field
Es escapes from the body to ground, mainly
from the feet. The electric field Es that

(2) Using a RedTacton electro-

optic sensor, two-way communication is
supported between any two points on the
body at a throughput of up to 10 Mbps.
Communication is not just confined to the passed through clothing and shoes.
surface of the body
(3) RedTacton can utilize a wide range of
materials as a transmission medium, as long as
the material is conductive and dielectric, which
includes water and other liquids, various metals,
certain plastics, glass, etc.
Using ordinary structures such as tables and
walls that are familiar and readily available, one
could easily construct a seamless communication
environment at very low cost using
RedTacton[Fig 4].

RED TACTON TRANCEIVER

fig. 3 shows a photograph of the RedTacton

transceiver connected to a PDA and a block
diagram of the Red Tacton transceiver
developed by NTT. The transmitter consists
of a transmitter circuit that induces electric
fields toward the body and a data sense APPLICATIONS
circuit, which distinguishes transmitting and Information recorded in the
receiving modes by detecting both
transmission and reception data and RedTacton device is sent to the touched
outputs control signals corresponding to the objects. Thereby, the following
two modes to enable two-way communication.
The receiver consists of an electro-optic applications are inhibited.
sensor and a detector circuit that
amplifies the minute incoming signal from
the electro-optic sensor and converts it to (1)Personalization
electrical signal.. We quantitatively measured the (1.1) Personalization of mobile
bit error rates of signals sent through the body.
phones,
ANALYSIS (1.2) Personalization of Automobiles

The results showed that the system had no

significant practical problems at a transmission (2) New Behavior patterns
speed of 10 Mbit/s. Besides communication
between two hands, we also demonstrated (2.1) Conferencing system
reliable communication between a foot and
finger and between other locations on
the person’s body. We also verified that good
communication was achieved not only when
the electrodes were in direct contact with the
person’s skin, but also when the signals
 Just by touching the
lock
Trans-receiver circuit gets activated to
enable other biometric system to
recognize individual.

(3.2) Confidential document

management

(4) Mobile computation

(4.1) Can connect a single phone with

several other phones via blue
tooth using this principle.

Fig 4

(3) Security Applications

(3.1) User verification and lock
management at entrance. It forms a
replacement for biometric systems
and also the alternative for a secured
world
(4.2) Without any blue tooth device,
just by touching a device you
could can hear sounds.

Fig 5
Operation:

Comparison of Red tacton with other communication systems


ADVANTAGE OVER BLUETOOTH
The system envisioned by
NTT, utilizes a conversion method which
takes digital data into a stream of low-power
digital pulses. These can be easily transmitted
and read back through the human electric
P: Possible
P*: Possible under certain conditions
N: Not possible
field. While it is true that similar personal
area networks are already accessible by using
radio-based technologies like Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth, this new wireless technology
claims to be able to send data over the human
skin surface at transfer speeds of up to
10Mbps, or better than a broadband T1
connection. Receiving data in such a system
is more complicated because the strength of
the pulses sent through the electric field is so
low. Red Tacton solves this issue by utilizing
a technique called electric field photonics: A
laser is passed though an electro-optic
crystal, which deflects light differently
according to the strength of the field across it.
These deflections are measured and
converted back into electrical signals to
retrieve the transmitted data.
immediate objective is to implement a Red
Tacton system supporting two-way intra
body communication at a rate of 10 M bits
between any two points on the body,our
longer-term plans include developing amass-
market transceiver interface supporting
PDA’s s and notebook computers .Thus this
problem has been solved by the red tacton
and has made it very innovative.
References:

It has two limitations: (1) T. G. Zimmerman, “Personal Area

Networks: Near-field intrabody
1) The operating range through the body was communication,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol.
Limited to a few tens of centimeters and 35, Nos. 3&4, pp. 609-
617, 1996.
2) The top communication speed is only 40
(2) M. Shinagawa, “Development of Electro-
K bits/s. These limitations arise from the use
Of an electrical sensor for the receiver. An optic Sensors for Intra-body
Electrical sensor requires two lines (a signal Communication,” NTT Technical Review,
Line and a ground line), whereas in intra- Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 6-11,
body 2004.
Communication there is essentially only one (3) http://www.redtacton.com/
Signal line, i.e., the body itself, which leads 4)http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overv
To an unbalanced transmission line, so the iew/st_j.html
Signal is not transmitted correctly. (5) M. Mizoguchi, T. Okimura, and A.
Matsuda, “Comprehensive
Conclusion: Commercialization
Functions,” NTT Technical Review, Vol. 3,
In a busy place there could be No. 5, pp.
hundreds of Bluetooth devices within
range.Moreover, body-based networking
seems to allow for more natural interchanges
of information between humans, as only
when you are in true proximity you can make
this system work. There are some specific
applications that would appear as being ideal
matches for Red Tacton-like technologies.
Red Acton is an exciting new technology for
human area networking. We have developed
a transceiver that uses the human body as a
data transmission medium based on an
electric-field sensor that uses an electro optic
crystal and laser light. Using this transceiver,
we succeeded in achieving 10 BASE
communication through a human body from
one hand to the other hand. While our