Which one of the following quantities is a vector quantity?

D) five
A) the age of the earth E) six
B) the mass of a freight train
C) the earth's pull on your body Ans: A
D) the temperature of an iced coffee
E) the number of people attending a soccer game Which one of the following statements concerning vectors and scalars is false?
A) In calculations, the vector components of a vector may be used in place of the
Ans: C vector itself.
B) It is possible to use vector components that are not perpendicular.
C) A scalar component may be either positive or negative.
Which one of the following statements is true concerning scalar quantities? D) A vector that is zero may have components other than zero.
A) Scalar quantities must be represented by base units. E) Two vectors are equal only if they have the same magnitude and direction.
B) Scalar quantities have both magnitude and direction.
C) Scalar quantities can be added to vector quantities using rules of trigonometry. Ans: D
D) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of
trigonometry.
E) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of ordinary At time t = 0 s, an object is observed at x = 0 m; and its position along the x axis
addition. follows this expression: x = –4t + t2, where the units for distance and time are
meters and seconds, respectively. What is the object's displacement x between t
Ans: E = 1.0 s and t = 3.0 s?
A) +16 m
B) –21 m
C) +10 m
Two vectors A and B are added together to form a vector
C
. The relationship D) +2 m
between the magnitudes of the vectors is given by A + B = C. Which one of the E) –5 m
following statements concerning these vectors is true?
Ans: A
A) A B
and must be displacements.

B) A and B must have equal lengths. During the first 18 minutes of a 1.0-hour trip, a car has an average speed of 11
A and B m/s. What must the average speed of the car be during the last 42 minutes of the
C) must point in opposite directions. trip be if the car is to have an average speed of 21 m/s for the entire trip?
A and B A) 21 m/s
D) must point in the same direction.
B) 23 m/s
E) A and B must be at right angles to each other. C) 25 m/s
D) 27 m/s
Ans: D E) 29 m/s

Ans: C
What is the minimum number of vectors with unequal magnitudes whose vector
sum can be zero?
A) two A train with a constant velocity of +28.6 m/s approaches a small town . The
B) three operator applies the brake, reducing the train's velocity to +11.4 m/s. If the
C) four average acceleration of the train during braking is –1.35 m/s2, for what elapsed
D) five time does the operator apply the brake?
E) six A) 8.44 s
B) 12.7 s
Ans: B C) 3.38 s
D) 5.92 s
What is the minimum number of vectors with equal magnitudes whose vector sum E) 10.4 s
can be zero?
A) two Ans: B
B) three
C) four
Which one of the following is not a vector quantity? C) The acceleration of the ball is zero when the ball is at its highest point.
A) acceleration D) The speed of the ball is negative while the ball falls back toward the earth.
B) average speed E) The velocity and acceleration of the ball always point in the same direction.
C) displacement
D) average velocity Ans: B
E) instantaneous velocity

Ans: B A brick is dropped from rest from a height of 4.9 m. How long does it take the brick
to reach the ground?
A) 0.6 s
In which one of the following cases is the displacement of the object directly B) 1.0 s
proportional to the elapsed time? C) 1.2 s
A) a ball rolls with constant velocity D) 1.4 s
B) a ball at rest is given a constant acceleration E) 2.0 s
C) a ball rolling with velocity vo is given a constant acceleration
D) a bead falling through oil experiences a decreasing acceleration Ans: B
E) a rocket fired from the earth's surface experiences an increasing acceleration

Ans: A A ball is dropped from rest from a tower and strikes the ground 110 m below.
Approximately how many seconds does it take the ball to strike the ground after
being dropped? Neglect air resistance.
Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At the same instant, ball B is thrown A) 2.50 s
downward; and ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement B) 3.50 s
concerning the balls after their release is necessarily true if air resistance is C) 4,74 s
neglected? D) 12.5 s
A) At some instant after it is thrown, the acceleration of ball C is zero. E) 16.0 s
B) All three balls strike the ground at the same time.
C) All three balls have the same velocity at any instant. Ans: C
D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant.
E) All three balls reach the ground with the same velocity.
A GPS tracking device is placed in a police dog to monitor its whereabouts relative
Ans: D to the police station. At time t1 = 23 min, the dog's displacement from the station
is 1.2 km, 33° north of east. At time t2 = 57 min, the dog's displacement from the
station is 2.0 km, 75° north of east. Find the magnitude and direction of the dog's
A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. Consider the average velocity between these two times.
following quantities: A) 0.52 m/s, 88° north of east
(1) the speed of the ball; (2) the velocity of the ball; (3) the B) 1.4 m/s, 31° west of north
acceleration of the ball. C) 1.6 m/s, 42° north of east
Which of these is (are) zero when the ball has reached the maximum height? D) 0.67 m/s, 21° west of north
A) 1 and 2 only E) 0.80 m/s, 42° west of north
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 1 only Ans: D
D) 2 only
E) 1, 2, and 3
At time t = 0 s, a puck is sliding on a horizontal table with a velocity 3.60 m/s,
Ans: A 35.0° above the +x axis. As the puck slides, a constant acceleration acts on it that
has the following components: ax = –0.360 m/s2 and ay = –0.980 m/s2. What is the
velocity of the puck at time t = 1.50 s?
A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. The ball rises to A) 1.83 m/s, 12.0° above the +x axis
some maximum height and falls back toward the surface of the earth. Which one of B) 2.04 m/s, 21.2° above the +x axis
the following statements concerning this situation is true if air resistance is C) 1.06 m/s, 11.7° above the +x axis
neglected? D) 2.48 m/s, 13.9° above the +x axis
A) As the ball rises, its acceleration vector points upward. E) 1.38 m/s, 15.2° above the +x axis
B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight.
Ans: D E) 50 m

Ans: B
A football is kicked at an angle q with respect to the horizontal. Which one of the
following statements best describes the acceleration of the football during this event How long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point in its trajectory?
if air resistance is neglected? A) 1.5 s
A) The acceleration is zero m/s2 at all times. B) 2.4 s
B) The acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 at all times. C) 4.0 s
C) The acceleration is zero m/s2 when the football has reached the highest point in D) 6.2 s
its trajectory. E) 9.8 s
D) The acceleration is positive as the football rises, and it is negative as the football
falls. Ans: B
E) The acceleration starts at 9.8 m/s2 and drops to some constant lower value as
the ball approaches the ground.
A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of
Ans: B velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively.

Determine the initial speed of the projectile.

A baseball is hit upward and travels along a parabolic arc before it strikes the A) 40 m/s
ground. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? B) 50 m/s
A) The acceleration of the ball decreases as the ball moves upward. C) 60 m/s
B) The velocity of the ball is zero m/s when the ball is at the highest point in the D) 70 m/s
arc. E) 80 m/s
C) The acceleration of the ball is zero m/s2 when the ball is at the highest point in
the arc. Ans: B
D) The x-component of the velocity of the ball is the same throughout the ball's
flight.
E) The velocity of the ball is a maximum when the ball is at the highest point in the
arc.
At what angle is the projectile fired (measured with respect to the horizontal)?
Ans: D A) 37°
B) 40°
A tennis ball is thrown from ground level with velocity v 0 directed 30° above the C) 45°
horizontal. If it takes the ball 0.5 s to reach the top of its trajectory, what is the D) 53°
magnitude of the initial velocity? E) 60°
A) 4.9 m/s
B) 9.8 m/s Ans: D
C) 11.3 m/s
D) 19.6 m/s
E) 34.4 m/s Approximately how long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point in its
trajectory?
Ans: A A) 1 s
B) 2 s
C) 4 s
D) 8 s
A projectile is fired at an angle of 55.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of
E) 16 s
35.0 m/s.
Ans: C
What is the magnitude of the horizontal component of the projectile's displacement
at the end of 2 s?
What is the speed of the projectile when it is at the highest point in its trajectory?
A) 30 m
A) 0 m/s
B) 40 m
B) 20 m/s
C) 10 m
C) 30 m/s
D) 20 m
D) 40 m/s
E) 50 m/s Ans: C

Ans: C
Two satellites of different masses are in the same circular orbit around the earth.
Which one of the following statements is true concerning the magnitude of the
What is the acceleration of the projectile when it reaches its maximum height? gravitational force that acts on each of them?
A) zero m/s2 A) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for both satellites.
B) 9.8 m/s2, downward B) The magnitude of the gravitational force is the same for both satellites, but not
C) 4.9 m/s2, downward zero newtons.
D) less than 9.8 m/s2 and non-zero. C) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for one, but not for the
E) Its magnitude is 9.8 m/s2; and its direction is changing. other.
D) The magnitude of the gravitational force depends on their masses.
Ans: B E) The magnitude of the gravitational force varies from point to point in their
orbits.

What is the magnitude of the projectile's velocity just before it strikes the ground? Ans: D
A) zero m/s Which one of the following statements best explains why the weight of an object of
B) 9.8 m/s mass m is different on Mars than it is on the Earth?
C) 30 m/s A) The mass of Mars is different from that of Earth.
D) 40 m/s B) The masses and radii of Mars and Earth are not the same.
E) 50 m/s C) The mass m is further from the Earth's center when it is on Mars.
D) The constant G is different on Mars.
Ans: E E) The mass m will be different on Mars.

Which one of the following terms is used to indicate the natural tendency of an Ans: B
object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line?
A) velocity
B) inertia What is the weight of a 2.50-kg bag of sand on the surface of the earth?
C) acceleration A) 2.50 N
D) equilibrium B) 9.80 N
E) force C) 24.5 N
D) 49.0 N
Ans: B E) 98.0 N

Ans: C
Complete the following statement: An inertial reference frame is one in which
A) Newton's first law of motion is valid.
B) the inertias of objects within the frame are zero. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force acting on a 79.5-kg student due to
C) the frame is accelerating. a 58.0-kg student sitting 2.40 m away in the classroom?
D) the acceleration due to gravity is greater than zero m/s2. A) 3.14 × 10–9 N
E) Newton's second law of motion is not valid. B) 5.33 × 10–8 N
C) 7.91 × 10–10 N
Ans: A D) 1.41 × 10–7 N
E) 6.29 × 10–8 N

Which one of the following statements concerning the two "gravitational constants"
G, the universal gravitational constant, and g the magnitude of the acceleration due
to gravity is true?
A) The values of g and G depend on location.
B) The values of g and G do not depend on location.
C) The value of G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of g is not.
D) The value of g is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of G is not.
E) The values of g and G are equal on the surface of any planet, but in general, G
varies with location in the universe.
Ans: B
A rock is suspended from a string and moves downward at constant speed. Which
statement is true concerning the tension in the string if air resistance is ignored?
A) The tension is zero newtons.
B) The tension points downward.
C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock.
D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock.
E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. Which force is responsible for holding a car in an unbanked curve?
A) the car's weight
Ans: C B) the force of friction
C) the reaction force to the car's weight
D) the vertical component of the normal force
A rock is suspended from a string; and it moves downward at constant speed. E) the horizontal component of the normal force
Which one of the following statements is true concerning the tension in the string if
air resistance is not ignored? Ans: B
A) The tension is zero newtons.
B) The tension points downward.
C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. Complete the following statement: The maximum speed at which a car can safely
D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. negotiate an unbanked curve depends on all of the following factors except
E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. A) the diameter of the curve.
B) the acceleration due to gravity.
Ans: D C) the coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires.
D) the coefficient of kinetic friction between the road and the tires.
E) the ratio of the static frictional force between the road and the tires and the
A rock is whirled on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius R with a normal force exerted on the car.
constant period T. If the radius of the circle is reduced to R/3, while the period
remains T, what happens to the centripetal acceleration of the rock? Ans: D
A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same.
B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 3.
C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 9. Complete the following statement: The maximum speed at which a car can safely
D) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 3. negotiate a frictionless banked curve depends on all of the following except
E) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 9. A) the mass of the car.
B) the angle of banking.
Ans: D C) the diameter of the curve.
D) the radius of the curve.
E) the acceleration due to gravity.
. A car traveling at 20 m/s follows a curve in the road so that its centripetal
acceleration is 5 m/s2. What is the radius of the curve? Ans: A
A) 4 m
B) 8 m
C) 80 m The Earth exerts the necessary centripetal force on an orbiting satellite to keep it
D) 160 m moving in a circle at constant speed. Which one of the following statements best
E) 640 m explains why the speed of the satellite does not change although there is a net force
exerted on it?
Ans: C A) The satellite is in equilibrium.
B) The acceleration of the satellite is zero m/s2.
C) The centripetal force has magnitude mv2/r.
A boy is whirling a stone around his head by means of a string. The string makes D) The centripetal force is canceled by the reaction force.
one complete revolution every second; and the magnitude of the tension in the E) The centripetal force is always perpendicular to the velocity.
string is F. The boy then speeds up the stone, keeping the radius of the circle
unchanged, so that the string makes two complete revolutions every second. What Ans: E
happens to the tension in the sting?
A) The magnitude of the tension is unchanged.
B) The magnitude of the tension reduces to half of its original value, F/2. What is the acceleration due to gravity at an altitude of 1.00 × 106 m above the
C) The magnitude of the tension increases to twice its original value, 2F. earth's surface? Note: the radius of the earth is 6.38 × 106 m.
D) The magnitude of the tension increases to four times its original value, 4F. A) 3.99 m/s2
E) The magnitude of the tension reduces to one-fourth of its original value, F/4. B) 9.80 m/s2
C) 5.00 m/s2
Ans: D D) 6.77 m/s2
E) 7.32 m/s2
Ans: E

The radius of the earth is 6.38 × 106 m and its mass is 5.98 × 1024 kg. What is the
acceleration due to gravity at a height of 1.28 × 107 m above the earth's surface?
A) 1.08 m/s2
B) 2.15 m/s2
C) 9.80 m/s2
D) 0.659 m/s2
E) 0.114 m/s2

Ans: A

A spaceship is in orbit around the earth at an altitude of 12 000 miles. Which one of
the following statements best explains why the astronauts experience
“weightlessness?”
A) The centripetal force of the earth on the astronaut in orbit is zero newtons.
B) The pull of the earth on the spaceship is canceled by the pull of the other
planets.
C) The spaceship is in free fall and its floor cannot press upwards on the
astronauts.
D) The force of gravity decreases as the inverse square of the distance from the
earth's center.
E) The force of the earth on the spaceship and the force of the spaceship on the
earth cancel because they are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Ans: C