■LAWS IN EDUCATION

PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for

Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing
Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works
of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for
Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or
DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionaliza
tion Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 –
“persons in authority”
■KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7
- PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika
(Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng
Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng
Wika (Ramos)
■PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 –
ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service
eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary
Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government
Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private
Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law
(Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public
libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment
Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access
to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO
(National Language)
■BRUNER’S THREE MODES OF
REPRESENTATION
1. ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) – action-
based information
2. ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) – image-
based information
3. SYMBOLIC (7+) – code/symbols
such as language
GENERAL EDUCATION
FILIPINO/ENGLISH:
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG
WIKA
1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
2. DING-DONG – bagay
3. POOH-POOH – masidhing
damdamin
4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal
FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES
BENVENIDO SANTOS – American
Culture Writings
DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson
Crusoen” (novel)
EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry
Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner
Jr.
JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”,
Dove G. Lion
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE -
Masterpiece is
“Don Quixote” that is most
influential
NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made
“Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS –
Mark Twain
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
- “Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn” (best novel)
SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay
sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos
ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga
parirala at pangungusap
PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO
PROTAGONISTS
ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa,
Agapito
Bagumbayan
ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw,
Tingkian
GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego
Laura
JOSEMA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
JUAN LUNA – Buan
MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel,
Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning
(Satanas),
Kalipulako
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
WALANG PAKSA:
1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o
higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa
bakuran.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari
(Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay
galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin
(Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang
kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na
‘di makapag-iisa
3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula
sa kung, dahil sa
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang
pangungusap

(GenEd & Major)

■HENLY- " I am the master of my
fate, I am the captain of my soul"
poem of INVICTUS
■KEATS- " A thing of beauty is a joy
forever"
■MARK TWAIN- American greatest
humorist
■EPIC- a long narrative poem dealing
with persons of heroic proportion &
actions of great significance
■EDGAR ALLAN POE- considered the
father of the modern american short
story
■HAIKU- Japanese poem w/ 17
syllables
■ANTHOLOGY- collection of literary
pieces
■SONNET- 14 iambic pentameter
lines
■MAHABHARATA- longest epic
■FOLKTALES- stories that reflect
people's beliefs & are handed from
generation to generation
■FABLES- these are tales making use
of animals as characters
■MARCELO H. DEL PILAR- his pen
name "Dolores manapat"
■ELEGY- a poem lamenting the dead
■SOLILOQUY- a speech by a person
who reveals his thoughts
■MANUEL ARGUILLA- author of "how
my brother Leon brought home a
wife"
■JOSE RIZAL- he wrote the famous
letter " to the women of malolos"
■URBANA AT FELIZA- a kind of
literary piece w/c moralizes & was
written in letter between 2 sisters
dwelling in the city& the other in
the province
■WASHINGTON, IRVING- author of "
the legend of sleepy hollow"
■RHODORA- "if eyes are made for
seeing, the beauty is its own excuse
for being"- is taken from the poem
■THE ILIAD OF HOMER- A great epic
poem whose plot centers around the
anger & wrath of Achilles against
Agamemnon
■LEONARDO DA VINCI- famous work
monaliza
■JUAN LUNA- famous painting
"'spolarium"
■MICHAEL ANGELO- created "the
statue of David'
LITERATURE
■Robert Browning - dramatic
monologue style of writing
■Wole Soyinka - 1st African
Nobel Laureate
■PLOT - most important in
Aristotle's Poetics
■"The Prince" by Niccollo
Machiavelli - a political power
handbook
■"The Little Prince" by Antoine
de Saint-Exupery
■Fyodor Dostoevsky - most
common theme of writing: enormous
contradictions of human nature
■ Lyric poetry - about emotions/
feelingsb musical accompaniment;
not intended to be sung.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
■SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER
MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT
MANAGEMENT
1. THRUST – proceeding without
assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by
giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left
activity while currently
doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one
topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking
results negatively
■ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change
ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM – choice HUMANISM
– build
IDEALISM – enough in mind
PERRENIALISM – constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E)
PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see
UTILITARIANISM - best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM –
benefit of all
■AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and
conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and
way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character,
efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
■PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social
Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all,
Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE –
Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL -
Father of Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s
protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental
Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank
sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral
Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist,
Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the
good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation
with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one
from two bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION –
cooperation without will
■FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL/
PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescense
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA –
daughter to dad
SCIENCE PROPONENTS
CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of
Taxonomy
ROBERT HOOKE – termed
“cells” (cellulae)
ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st
person to observe microscopic
organisms (animal cule)
ROBERT BROWN – discovered
Nucleus
MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) &
THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells
come fr. existing cells
EARTH’S SPHERES
ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere
protection from meteors
Divided into five:
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 Exosphere
HYDROSPHERE – water
LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and
continental crust
BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE –
ancestors
PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion
years ago
- Responsible for weather and
climate
2. MERCURY – named after Roman
God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and
Beauty (Mariner 2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of
Earth
4. EARTH
5. MARS – God of War, red planet
(Mariner 9)
6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest
rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for
350yrs
7. SATURN – God of Agriculture
(chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
8. URANUS – Frederick William
Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH
CHRIST WHO GIVES ME STRENGTH”
- Philippians 4:13

MGA URI NG PANITIKAN

1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga
pangungusap
A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga
kabanata
B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa
entablado
MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal
bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi
ng kapaskuhan
d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may
kaarawan
e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show
f. KURIDO – katapangan,
kabayanihan, kababalaghan,
pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa
pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp.
masisidhing damdamin
C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan
D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting
aral
2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tu
gma,taludtod,saknong
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY -
mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa
buhay.
a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa
kababalaghan
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro
o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT
HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya
o KUMINTANG – Tagalog
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua
o TATUANG - Bagobo
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI –
own feeling
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan
o ELEHIYA – yumao
o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid
o ODA – papuri
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN
a. KOMEDYA
b. MELODRAMA – musical
c. TRAHEDYA – death of main
character
d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring
nakakatawa
e. SAYNETE
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. TULANG PATNIGAN
a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing
ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa
dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa
ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa
pagtula
c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo

MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA

SA MUNDO
AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by
Confucius)
AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults
& myths (by Osiris)
AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce
Pares, Roncesvalles)
BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
CANTEBURY TALES – America (by
Chaucer)
DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at
history ng Spain
ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece
made by Homer.
ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa
Arabia at Persia
KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible)
MAHABRATA – India
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves
that becomes the basis of
democracy. (by Harriet Beecher
Stowe of U.S.)

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
with ANS KEY
1 . What is the origin of the word Education?
A. Word 'Educate'
B. Edu and 'Catum'
C. ‘E’ and ‘Catum’**
D. None of these
2 . Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Education is an art
B. Education is a science
C. It is neither an art nor science
D. To some extent it is art and to some extent it is science**
3 . What is called education acquired without any specific purpose, fixed period and
place?
A. Formal Education
B. Informal Education**
C. Indirect Education
D. Individual Education
4 . Which one of the following sentences is correct about the nature of teaching?
A. It is remedial
B. It is diagnostic
C. It is diagnostic as well as remedial
D. All the above statements are correct**
5 . What is the compulsory element of learning?
A. Tendency to know**
B. Ability to read
C. Bright Mind
D. None of these
6 . What is the place of principal in an educational institute?
A. Owner of the school
B. Founder of the school
C. Manager of the school**
D. Overall head of the school
7 . If a student failed in any class what should be done to him?
A. He should be kept in the same class
B. He should be advised to leave studies
C. He should be given a chance to improve and sent to the next class after he
improves**
D. All the above methods are right
8 . Why are curriculum activities used in teaching?
A. To assist the teacher**
B. Make teaching easy
C. To make teaching attractive
D. To make teaching interesting, easy to understand and
9 . What are the three components of the educational process?
A. Direction, instruction and skill
B. Teaching, learning and practice
C. Teacher, student and education**
D. Education, teacher and books
10 . What is teaching through deductive method?
A. From easy to difficult
B. From macro to micro
C. From general to specific**
D. From specific to general
11 . What is the main centre of informal Education?
A. Family
B. Society
C. Radio and Television
D. All of the above**
12 . Which is the first school for a child’s education?
A. School
B. Family**
C. Friends
D. Society
13 . Which one of the following education systems supports scientific progress?
A. Naturalistic Education
B. Idealistic Education
C. Realistic Education**
D. None of these
14 . What is the meaning of lesson plan?
A. To read the lesson before teaching it**
B. To prepare the list of questions to be asked
C. To prepare all that the teacher wants to teach in a limited period
D. To prepare detailed answers of all the questions to be
15 . On what depends the values of an educational experience in the eyes of the
idealist?
A. The extent to which it satisfies pupil desires
B. The manner in which it affects future experience
C. Whether or not it preserves accepted institutions**
D. Whether or not the pupil has been properly motivated
16 . Which educational activity is most desirable to the pragmatist?
A. That is beneficial effect upon the future experiences of the pupil
B. Approximates the goals which educational scientists have set up**
C. Results from the indiscrimination of the pupil in democratic theory
D. That characterizes by spontaneous, active, continuously pleasurable and practical for
the pupil
17 . What is the view point of progressive educators regarding the issue of liberal vs.
vocational education?
A. Vocational ends load one to degrade learning
B. All subjects should have a vocational orientation
C. Liberal arts subject should proceed vocational training**
D. Vocational and liberal education should not be separated
18 . Who was the supporter of Naturalism in Education?
A. Frolbel
B. Rosseau**
C. Armstrong
D. John Locke
19 . What do you mean by curriculum?
A. Sum total of the annual study
B. A child learns through curriculum
C. Sum total of the activities of a school
D. Indicates the course to be taught by the teachers to the students throughout the
year**
20 . Which system of education was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi?
A. Teaching through listening, meditation etc.
B. Teaching through music
C. Teaching by activities
D. All of these**
21 . Who raised the slogan “Back to Nature”?
A. Realism
B. Naturalism**
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
22 . Which statement is not correct about Naturalism?
A. A reaction against a mere study of books and linguistic forms**
B. A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period
C. A reaction against sophistication, artificiality and paraphernalia in education
D. None of these
23 . Who said, “Reverse the usual practice and you will almost always do right” ?
A. Plato
B. Dewey
C. Rousseau**
D. Mahatma Gandhi
24 . “Human institutions are one mass of folly and contradiction.” Whose statement is
this?
A. Dewey
B. Rousseau**
C. Bernard Shaw
D. Ravinder Nath Tagore
25 . According to which school of philosophy of education, exaltation of individual’s
personality is a function of education?
A. Marxism
B. Idealism
C. Idealism and Marxism both**
D. Pragmatism
26 . Which is not Naturalism’s aim of Education?
A. To inculcate ethical and moral values in the pupils**
B. Education is the notion of man’s evolution from lower forms of life
C. To equip the individual or the nation for the struggle for existence so as to ensure
survival
D. To help the pupils to learn to be in harmony with and well-adapted to their
surroundings
27 . Which school held the view, “God makes all things good; man meddles with and
they become evil” ?
A. Marxism
B. Naturalism**
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
28 . Which school maintained self-expression with the accompanying cries of “no
interference”, “no restraints”?
A. Truest form of Naturalism
B. Extreme form of Naturalism**
C. Most valid form of Naturalism
D. Most widely accepted form of Naturalism
29 . Which is not the nature of philosophy?
A. It is a science of knowledge
B. It is the totality of man’s creative ideas**
C. It is a planned attempt on search for the truth
D. It is a collective ensemble of various viewpoints
30 . Which branch of philosophy deals with knowledge, its structure, method and
validity?
A. Logic
B. Aesthetics
C. Metaphysics
D. Epistemology**
31 . Which school maintained: “Natural impulses of the child are of great importance
and are good in themselves” ?
A. Romantic Naturalism
B. Biological Naturalism**
C. Mechanical Naturalism
D. Naturalism of physical science
32 . Which branch of philosophy examines issues pertaining to the nature of “reality” ?
A. Axiology
B. Ontology
C. Metaphysics**
D. Epistemology
33 . On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of education?
A. All pupils are not alike
B. Different ways of teaching-learning
C. Different systems of education found in different countries
D. Different philosophies expressed different points of view on every aspect of
education**
34 . What is the goal of education according to Idealism?
A. Realisation of moral values**
B. Satisfaction of human wants
C. Perfect adaptation to the environment
D. Cultivation of dynamic, adaptable mind which will be resourceful and enterprising in
all situations
35 . The aim of education according to the Existentialists is
A. Objective knowledge
B. Adaptation to practical life
C. A good understanding of the world outside
D. Humanitarian and humanist self- realization**
36 . The Realist’s aim of education is
A. Self-realization
B. Happy and moral development**
C. Spiritual and moral development
D. Total development of personality
37 . Naturalist’s conception of man is
A. Man’s very essence of being is his spiritual nature
B. It is spirit rather than animality that is most truly man
C. Nature would have them children before they are men**
D. There exists in the nature of things a perfect pattern of each individual
38 . Which philosophy of education considers psychology as an incomplete study of and
an inadequate basis of educational theory?
A. Realism
B. Idealism**
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism
39 . Which among the following does not fit into the scheme of educational goals of the
Idealists?
A. Skills
B. Care of body**
C. Moral values
D. Self-expression
A
40 . Religious education is strongly advocated by
A. Realist
B. Idealists**
C. Pragmatists
D. Existentialists
41 . Which of the following is said about the idealists?
A. They like “roses”
B. They are content with “briars”
C. They want “roses” and “briars” both
D. They are satisfied neither with “briars” nor with “roses”**
42 . Which school of philosophy of education advocated Project method of teaching?
A. Idealism
B. Realism
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism**
43 . Play way method of teaching has been emphasised in the scheme of the education
of
A. Realists
B. Naturalists**
C. Pragmatists
D. Existentialists
44 . Which is the most widely accepted method of education, according to the
pragmatists?
A. Heuristic method
B. Learning by doing**
C. Lecturing by the teacher
D. Leaving the child free to learn
45 . The pragmatists are against
A. The specialist teachers
B. Eternal spiritual values
C. The external examinations
D. Breakdown of knowledge into separate subjects**
46 . Pragmatism has a greater sense of responsibility than Naturalism with regard to
moral training because
A. They emphasize teaching of values
B. They consider education, basically, a social process
C. They do not want the teacher to abdicate from the scene
D. The free activity which pragmatic- system of education entails does not mean
licence; rather it means a guided activity**
47 . Which of the following claims of the pragmatists is not acceptable?
A. Training in character through school’s co-curricular activities is possible
B. Training in citizenship is possible through school and community activities
C. Child’s own experience is valuable for adequate development of child’s personality
D. The free activity of the pupil is likely to result in permanent attitudes of initiative and
independence and moral discipline**
48 . Project method of teaching is an outstanding contribution of
A. Idealism
B. Realism
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism**
49 . Which is the characteristic of the project method?
A. Problematic act
B. A voluntary undertaking
C. Carried in its natural setting
D. Used for all-round-development of child’s personality**
50 . Which among the following is not essentially desirable in the project method?
A. The task of the project should be full of message for the children**
B. The task of the project is as real as the task of the life outside the walls of the school
C. The task of the project involves constructive effort or thought yielding objective
results
D. The task of the project should be interesting enough so that the pupil is genuinely
eager to carry it out
51 . Which is a great disadvantage of the project method?
A. Children are generally not interested in it
B. It consumes much of the time of the child
C. It leaves gaps in the knowledge of the child**
D. Teachers, generally, do not like to teach through it
52 . Learning by Project Method is technically known as
A. Efficient learning
B. Adequate learning
C. Incidental learning**
D. Systematic learning
53 . Education, according to the Pragmatist is
A. Wholly purposive**
B. Wholly pupil-oriented
C. Wholly society-oriented
D. Wholly interdisciplinary
54 . Who among the following is not a follower of Pragmatic Philosophy?
A. Kilpatrick
B. Peshtalozzi**
C. John Dewey
D. William James
55 . What is not associated with Pragmatism?
A. Purposive education
B. Freedom-based education
C. Education for self-realization**
D. Experience-based education
56 . Who emphasised realization of Truth, Beauty and Goodness as the aims of
education?
A. Realists
B. Idealists**
C. Naturalists
D. Pragmatists
57 . Which statement about truth is not correct according to the philosophy of
Pragmatism?
A. It is eternal**
B. It is made by man
C. It is ever changing
D. It is what emerges to be true in actual practice
58 . In whose methodology of teaching “Experimentation” is the key-note of?
A. Realism
B. Idealism
C. Pragmatism**
D. Existentialism
59 . The term “progressive education” related to
A. Realism
B. Idealism
C. Pragmatism**
D. Existentialism
60 . Who said, “No fixed aims of education and no values in advance”?
A. Realists
B. Idealists
C. Marxists
D. Progressive educators**
61 . Which school of philosophy of education stresses the direct study of men and
things through tours and travels?
A. Idealism
B. Marxism
C. Social realism**
D. Existentialism
62 . Which school believes that all knowledge comes through the senses?
A. Idealism
B. Pragmatism
C. Existentialism
D. Sense Realism**
63 . Which school raised the slogan “Things as they are and as they are likely to be
encountered in life rather than words” ?
A. Realists**
B. Idealists
C. Pragmatist
D. Existentialists
64 . As Huxley pleaded for the introduction of “a complete and thorough scientific
culture” into schools, he is claimed to be
A. A Realist **
B. An Idealist
C. A Naturalist
D. A Pragmatist
65 . Realism in education was born out of
A. The enthusiasm of the Renaissance
B. The great religious movement of the 17th century
C. The degeneration of humanism after Renaissance
D. A cleavage between the work of the schools and the life of the world outside that
occurred during the 19th century**
66 . Which of the following is not criticised by realism in education?
A. Teaching which drifts away from life of the child
B. Teachers denying the value of school co-curricular activities
C. Pupils cramming for knowledge from books for reproducing in examination
D. Organizing schools in a way that is conducive to practical training in citizenship**
67 . In the light of relevant past events, contemporary events and their understanding
should find a place in the teaching of history. Who maintained this principle?
A. Realist**
B. Marxists
C. Idealists
D. Naturalists
68 . The most important thing to keep in mind for a teacher according to Realism in
education is
A. The nature of the child
B. The method of teaching
C. Organization of the content to be taught
D. The value and significance of what is taught**
69 . Which school of philosophy very strongly advocates that education should be voca-
tional in character?
A. Realism**
B. Naturalism
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
70 . Which is not an aspect of mind according to the Realists’ theory of knowing?
A. Behaviour**
B. Awareness
C. Consciousness
D. Processing of awareness
71 . Who believe that “Objects have a reality independent of mental phenomena”?
A. Idealists
B. Realists**
C. Naturalists
D. Existentialists
72 . Marxist educational philosophy is closer to
A. Realism**
B. Idealism
C. Naturalism
D. Pragmatism
73 . Which among the following statements is not a characteristic of Marxism?
A. It asserts that physical environment can definitely change the nature of the child
B. Its major objective is the development of child’s personality**
C. Its educational philosophy is essentially materialistic
D. It presupposes a reality independent of man’s mind
74 . Which school of philosophy of education regrets dualism between cultural, and
vocational curriculum?
A. Idealism
B. Marxism**
C. Naturalism
D. Existentialism
75 . According to which educational philosophy, socially useful labour must form the
central pivot of the entire school?
A. Marxism**
B. Idealism
C. Naturalism
D. Existentialism
76 . Which of the following has been asserted about schools by Marxist educational
philosophy?
A. They should not be mere weapons in the hands of the ruling class
B. They should function as deliberate instruments of state policy**
C. They should disinterestedly serve society as a whole
D. They should stand above politics
77 . Which of the following characteristics is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism and
Existentialism?
A. Emphasis on the individual**
B. Emphasis on value education
C. Emphasis on physical environment
D. Emphasis on spiritual aims of education
78 . Whose is the ultimate concern-“What is existence”?
A. Idealists only
B. Existentialists only
C. Existentialists and Idealists both**
D. Realists only
79 . Which of the following philosophies held that ‘Men in the world feel lonely and
anxious, being unsure of their meaning and fearful of their annihilation’ ?
A. Marxism
B. Idealism
C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism**
80 . According to Existentialists, the essence of existence means
A. Unity with the ultimate reality
B. Spiritual good and happiness
C. Continuous growth and development
D. Tensions and contradictions which condition loneliness and anxiety**
81 . Who was the nineteenth century founder of Existentialism?
A. Hegel
B. Rousseau
C. D.J. O’Connor
D. Soren Kierkegaard**
82 . Who was twentieth century Existentialist?
A. Hegel
B. D.J. O’Connor
C. Jean Paul Sartre**
D. Soren Kierkegaard
83 . Which of the following is more generally acceptable by modern educationists?
A. Contribution to the welfare of the society should be the only aim of education
B. There should be one single aim of education unchangeable over time and space
C. There is one grand objective of education; and that is the development of the inner
nature of the child
D. Education is bound to have several aims since its concerns are several such as the
individual, the society, the family, the nation and so on**
84 . What is development of human potentialities in education?
A. Social aim
B. Specific aim
C. Individual aim**
D. Individual as well as social aim
85 . What is development of social sense and cooperation among the individuals
through education?
A. Social aim **
B. Individual aim
C. National aim
D. Constitutional aim
86 . Which among the following is not an acceptable criticism of social aims of educa-
tion?
A. They are anti-individual**
B. Man, in them, becomes only a means to an end
C. They hinder the growth and development of art and literature
D. They are un-psychological as they do not take into account the capacities and
interests of the individual
87 . Which among the following is not emphasized by the individual aims of education?
A. Self-expression
B. Individual freedom
C. Development of inner potentialities
D. Development of values of tolerance and non-violence**
88 . Which of the following statements does not go in favour of the individual aims of
education?
A. The society is strong if the individual is strong
B. Society is supreme and all individuals are only parts of it**
C. Every individual is unique; development of his potentialities is essential
D. The individual is an asset to the society; his development and growth are necessary
89 . Which among the following is the most correct view about social and individual
aims of education?
A. Social aims should be preferred to individual aims
B. Individual aims are implied in the social aims of education
C. Individual aims should be given preference to social aims
D. Individual and social aims are only two sides of the same coin**
90 . Which statement is most acceptable to the academicians about “Bread and butter
aim” of education?
A. It is only partly acceptable**
B. It is important for only a section of the society
C. It is equally important along with other aims of education
D. It is the most important aim and should be given top priority by educationists
91 . Which of the following does not pertain to intellectual development aim of
education?
A. Spiritual development**
B. Cultivation of intelligence
C. Training and “formation” of mind
D. Development of cognitive powers
92 . Preparing the child for future life as an aim of education is preparing child for
A. Some suitable vocation
B. A happy married life
C. Some particular course of study
D. Facing all kinds of emergencies and situations of future life**
93 . The most effective method of character- formation is
A. Teaching by high character teachers
B. Teaching virtues through religious books
C. Organizing specialists’ lectures on importance of values in life
D. Rewarding virtuous behaviours and presenting high character models in the
schools**
94 . Harmonious development of the child aim of education means
A. The state is above the individual citizen
B. The state is an idealized metaphysical entity
C. The state has to give not to take anything from the individual
D. The state is superior to the individual transcending all his desires and aspirations**
95 . Rigid system of state-education is justified on the basis that the state
A. Has better resources to manage education
B. Is supreme to dictate what shall be taught and how shall be taught
C. Has absolute control over the lives, and destinies of its individual members
D. Has a right and a bounden duty to mould the citizen to a pattern which makes for its
own preservation and enhancement**
96 . Social aims of education imply the training of
A. Individuals according to their needs
B. The individuals according to the facilities
C. The individuals according to their capacities
D. The individuals for the purpose of serving the needs of the society**
97 . What does the individual aim of education imply?
A. It should have more and more institutions every year
B. It should be by and large the concern of the private sector
C. It must contribute to the peace and happiness of the whole society
D. Education must secure for everyone the conditions under which the individuality is
most completely developed**
98 . According to which philosophy of education, childhood is something desirable for its
own sake and children should be children?
A. Realism
B. Idealism
C. Naturalism**
D. Pragmatism
99 . Who emphasized that education should be a social process?
A. Dewey**
B. Rousseau
C. Pestalozzi
D. Vivekananda
100 . The social aims of education imply that
A. The state is above the individual citizen
B. The state is an idealized metaphysical entity
C. The state has to give not to take anything from the individual **
D. The state is superior to the individual transcending all his desires and aspirations

CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/
legend, to be sung
2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no
rhyme
3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written
in form of speech for individual
character.
4. ELEGY –death of individual
5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic
figure
6. EULOGY – message for the dead
7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without
meter but with rhyme
8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about
nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17
syllables)
9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized
country scene
10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
11. NARRATIVE – tells story
12. ODE -typically serious/meditative
nature, type of Lyric
13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful
& romanticized way
14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of
14 lines
15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines,
31 syllables
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st
Republic.
- Spainards paid P200 000
1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION –
Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted
from American Const.
3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P.
Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for
Phil. to rule.
4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand
Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp.
of Islands & Saba
5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz
Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
JUS SANGUINI – blood JUS SOLI –
place

GENERAL EDUCATION
FILIPINO/ENGLISH
FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING:
1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong
pangatnig
2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS –
walang pangatnig
3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng
buhay ng tao
4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE –
pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang
kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay
Romeo.
PAGLALARAWAN:
6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o
EKSAHERASYON
7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG –
pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o
malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka
na.
8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM –
strong feeling.
9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo
ma’y malapit pa rin”
10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS -
paradox w/ extra words
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
PAGSASATUNOG:
12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG –
tunog ang paksa
13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT –
repetition of 1st letter in the 1st
word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na
Dinadakila
14. REPITASYON – repetition of
phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA
TULA:
ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig
ay pare-pareho
ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa
unahan at hulihan
EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa
hulihan
PAG-UYAM – sarcasm
LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
TALUDTOD – linya sa tula
UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH
1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by,
in near, for, to, since
2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but,
yet, so, ni, ngunit
3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation
mark
PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A
SENTENCE
1. ARTICLES – a, an, the 2. OPINION
3. SIZE
4. AGE 5. SHAPE 6. COLOR
7. MATERIAL 8. PURPOSE