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R.M.

K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206

WORKBOOK
Name : ..................................

Register Number : 111617114.......

Year/Sem/ Sec : II / III / A

Academic year : 2018 – 2019

Course Code : ME 8391

Course Name : ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

Regulation : 2017

Course Category Code : Core


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
Course Credit : 4

Course Faculty : Mr. C.BIBIN

Course Coordinator : Mr. C.BIBIN

COURSE TIMETABLE

Day / Periods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Students completing this course are expected to:

 Understand the nature and role of the following thermodynamic properties of matter: internal
energy, enthalpy, entropy, temperature, pressure and specific volume;
 Be able to access thermodynamic property data from appropriate sources;
 Be able to chart thermodynamic processes on appropriate thermodynamic diagrams, such as a
temperature-entropy or pressure-volume diagram;
 Be able to represent a thermodynamic system by a control mass or control volume, distinguish the
system from its surroundings, and identify work and/or heat interactions between the system and
surroundings;
 Recognize and understand the different forms of energy and restrictions imposed by the first law of
thermodynamics on conversion from one form to another;
 Be able to apply the first law to a control mass or control volume at an instant of time or over a time
interval;
 Understand implications of the second law of thermodynamics and limitations placed by the second
law on the performance of thermodynamic systems;
 Be able to use isentropic processes
BIBINtoCHIDAMBARANATHAN
represent the ideal behaviour of a system;
 Be able to quantify the behaviour of power plants based on the Rankine cycle, including the effect
of enhancements such as superheat, reheat and regeneration;
 Be able to quantify the performance of power plants based on the Brayton cycle, including the
effects of enhancements such as reheat, regeneration and intercooler;
 Be able to quantify the performance of refrigeration and heat pump systems;
 Be able to understand non-ideal state equations.

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SYLLABUS
ME8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS L T P C
3 2 0 4

UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW 9 +6

Basic concepts - concept of continuum, comparison of microscopic and macroscopic approach.


Path and point functions. Intensive and extensive, total and specific quantities. System and their
types. Thermodynamic Equilibrium State, path and process. Quasi-static, reversible and irreversible
processes. Heat and work transfer, definition and comparison, sign convention. Displacement work
and other modes of work .P-V diagram. Zeroth law of thermodynamics – concept of temperature
and thermal equilibrium– relationship between temperature scales –new temperature scales. First
law of thermodynamics –application to closed and open systems – steady and unsteady flow
processes.

UNIT II SECOND LAW AND AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS 9 +6

Heat Reservoir, source and sink. Heat Engine, Refrigerator, Heat pump. Statements of second law
and its corollaries. Carnot cycle Reversed Carnot cycle, Performance. Clausius inequality. Concept
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of entropy, T-s diagram, Tds Equations, entropy change for - pure substance, ideal gases - different
processes, principle of increase in entropy. Applications of II Law. High and low-grade energy.
Available and non-available energy of a source and finite body. Energy and irreversibility.
Expressions for the energy of a closed system and open systems. Energy balance and entropy
generation. Irreversibility. I and II law Efficiency.

UNIT III PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE AND STEAM POWER CYCLE 9 +6

Formation of steam and its thermodynamic properties, p-v, p-T, T-v, T-s, h-s diagrams. p-v-T
surface. Use of Steam Table and Mollier Chart. Determination of dryness fraction. Application of I
and II law for pure substances. Ideal and actual Rankine cycles, Cycle Improvement Methods -
Reheat and Regenerative cycles, Economiser, preheater, Binary and Combined cycles.

UNIT IV IDEAL AND REAL GASES, THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS 9 +6

Properties of Ideal gas- Ideal and real gas comparison- Equations of state for ideal and real gases-
Reduced properties. Compressibility factor-.Principle of Corresponding States. -Generalised
Compressibility Chart and its use-. Maxwell relations, Tds Equations, Difference and ratio of heat

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


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capacities, Energy equation, Joule-Thomson Coefficient, Clausius Clapeyron equation, Phase


Change Processes. Simple Calculations.

UNIT V GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRY 9+6

Mole and Mass fraction, Dalton‟s and Amagat‟s Law. Properties of gas mixture – Molar mass, gas
constant, density, change in internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs function. Psychrometric
properties, Psychrometric charts. Property calculations of air vapour mixtures by using chart and
expressions. Psychrometric process – adiabatic saturation, sensible heating and cooling,
humidification, dehumidification, evaporative cooling and adiabatic mixing. Simple Applications

TOTAL: 75 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES

After successful completion of the course, the students should be able to

Highest
CO No. BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
Course Outcomes Cognitive
Level
C203.1 Explain the basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics. K2
C203.2 Apply the concept of enthalpy and entropy in thermal systems K3
Determine the properties of the pure substance and explain the
C203.3 K5
working of steam cycles
C203.4 Differentiate the properties of ideal and real gases. K4
C203.5 Solve problems in psychrometric processes and gas mixtures. K3
C203.6 Analyse thermodynamic laws for real-time applications K4, A3

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TEXTBOOKS

T1. R.K.Rajput, “A Text Book Of Engineering Thermodynamics “, Fifth Edition,2017.


T2. Yunus a. Cengel & Michael a. Boles, “Thermodynamics”, 8th edition 2015.

REFERENCES

R1. Arora C.P, “Thermodynamics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.


R2. Borgnakke & Sonntag, “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, 8th Edition, 2016.
R3. Chattopadhyay, P, "Engineering Thermodynamics", Oxford University Press, 2016.
R4. Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 8th
Edition.
R5. Nag.P.K., “Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2013.
R6. Natarajan E., "Engineering Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications", Anuragam
Publications, 2012.
R7. Cengel. Y and M.Boles, "Thermodynamics - An Engineering Approach", 7th Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2010.
R8. Holman.J.P., "Thermodynamics", 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
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R9. Rathakrishnan. E., "Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics", 2nd Edition, Prentice-
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2006
R10. Van Wylen and Sonntag, “Classical Thermodynamics”, Wiley Eastern, 1987
R11. Venkatesh. A “Basic Engineering Thermodynamics”, Universities Press (India) Limited,
2007.
R12. Kau-Fui Vincent Wong, "Thermodynamics for Engineers", CRC Press, 2010 Indian Reprint.
R13. Prasanna Kumar: Thermodynamics "Engineering Thermodynamics" Pearson Education, 2013

ONLINE SOURCES

O1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/101104063/
O2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105123/
O3. http://www.nptel.ac.in/downloads/112108148/

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SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWERS


UNIT I - BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW

1. What is meant by Thermodynamics?


Thermodynamics is the science of energy transfer and its effects on physical properties of
substances.
2. The two approaches by which the behaviour of matter can be studied in thermodynamics are
................. and ........................
[Ans: Macroscopic, Microscopic]
3. What is meant by Macroscopic approach in thermodynamics?
Macroscopic thermodynamics deals with the effects of the action of many molecules
concerned.
4. What is Microscopic (or) Statistical thermodynamics?
Microscopic approach in thermodynamics deals with the study of the behaviour of the
system by summing up the behaviour of each molecule
5. Compare microscopic and macroscopic approaches. (AU May 2013)
S.No Microscopic Approach Macroscopic Approach
1. Many coordinates are required to describe A few coordinates are enough to
the system properly. describe the system properly.
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2. The properties of matter of the individual The behaviour of the total system in
molecule at a given instant or at a particular terms of properties is studied.
time are studied.
3. Special assumptions are required for No need of Special assumptions is
describing the matter in microscopic required for describing the matter in
coordinates. macroscopic coordinates.
4. More complex mathematical equations are It requires far fewer mathematical
used for the analysis. complications.

6. Give few applications of thermodynamic laws and principles:


The laws and principles are applied to the steam and nuclear power plants, IC engines, Gas
turbines, refrigeration etc.
7. What is thermodynamic medium?
A matter of growing material chosen for the conversion of one form of energy into another
is called thermodynamic medium.
8. What is meant by the thermodynamic system? (AU DEC 2012)
A thermodynamic system is defined as any space or matter or group of matter where the
energy transfer or energy conversions are studied.
OR
A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space, on which
the analysis of the problem is concentrated.

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9. How do you classify thermodynamic system?


It may be classified into three types.
i. Closed system (only energy transfer and no mass transfer)
ii. Open system (Both energy and mass transfer)
iii. Isolated system (No mass and energy transfer)
10. What is meant by open system? Give an example.
When a system has both mass and energy transfer it is called an open system.
Example: Air Compressor.
11. What is meant by closed system? Give an example.
When a system has only heat and work transfer, but there is no mass transfer, it is called as
closed system.
Example: Piston and cylinder arrangement.
Compression of a gas in a piston -. cylinder arrangement.
12. What is meant by isolated system? Give an example. (AU MAY 2012)
Isolated system is not affected by surroundings. There is no heat; work and mass transfer
take place. In this system total energy remains constant.
Example: Entire Universe
13. Differentiate between closed and open system. (AU DEC 2010)
Sl. No Closed System BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
Open System
1. There is no mass transfer. Only heat Mass transfer will take place, in addition to the
and work will transfer. heat and work transfer.
2. System boundary is fixed one System boundary may or may not change.
3. Example: Piston & cylinder Example: Air compressor, boiler
arrangement, Thermal power plant
14. What is boundary?
System and surroundings are separated by an imaginary line is called boundary.
15. What is meant by surroundings?
Any other matter outside the system boundary is called as surroundings.
16. What is universe?
A system and· its surroundings together are called a universe.
17. What are the various types of open system?
The types of open system are:
i. Steady flow system
ii. Unsteady flow system.
18. In an isolated system, the total energy of the system............................
[Ans: remains constant.]

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19. Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous system.


The system consist of a single phase is called homogeneous system and the system consist of
more than one phase is called heterogeneous system.
20. What is meant by control volume?
A control volume is an imaginary region within which interactions are studied.
What is known as a control surface?
The boundary of the control volume is called as a control surface.
21. Define change of state of a system
Any process in which one or more of the properties of the system changes is called a change
of state.
22. What is meant by thermodynamic property?
Thermodynamic property is any characteristic of a substance which is used to identify the
state of the system and can be measured when the system remains in an equilibrium state.
23. Name and explain the two types of properties.
The two types of properties are intensive property and extensive property.
Intensive Property: It is independent of the mass of the system.
Example: pressure, temperature, specific volume, specific energy, density.
Extensive Property: It is dependent on the mass of the system.
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Example: Volume, energy. CHIDAMBARANATHAN
If the mass is increased, the values of the extensive properties also
increase.
24. How do you classify the property?
Thermodynamic property can be classified into two types.
i. Intensive or Intrinsic property
ii. Extensive and Extrinsic property
25. What is meant by intensive or intrinsic property? Give an example.
The properties which are independent on the mass of the system is called intensive
properties.
Example: Pressure, Temperature, Specific Volume etc.
26. Differentiate Intensive and Extensive properties (AU DEC 2012)
Sl. No Intensive Properties Extensive Properties
1. Independent on the mass of the system Dependent on the mass of the system.
2. If we consider part of the system these If we consider part of the system it will
properties remain same. have a lesser value.
3. Example: pressure, Temperature specific Example: Total energy, Total volume,
volume etc., weight etc.,
Extensive property/mass is known as intensive property

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27. What is meant by extensive or extrinsic property? Give an example.


The properties which are dependent on the mass of the system are called extensive
properties.
Example: Total energy, Total volume, weight etc.
28. What do you understand by equilibrium of a system? (AU DEC 2013)
When a system remains in an equilibrium state, it should not undergo any changes to its
own accord.
29. Define thermodynamic equilibrium.
If a system is in Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical Equilibrium then the system is in
thermodynamic equilibrium.
OR
If the system is isolated from its surrounding there will be no change in the macroscopic
property, then the system is said to exist in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium.
30. What is meant by thermodynamic equilibrium? (AU MAY 2012)
When a system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, it should satisfy the following three
conditions.
i. Mechanical Equilibrium: - Pressure remains constant
ii. Thermal equilibrium: - Temperature remains constant
iii. BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
Chemical equilibrium: There is no chemical reaction.
31. What are the conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium?
The system in thermodynamic equilibrium must essentially be in
i. Mechanical Equilibrium
ii. Thermal equilibrium
iii. Chemical equilibrium
32. Explain Mechanical equilibrium.
If the forces are balanced between the system and surroundings are called Mechanical
equilibrium
33. Explain Chemical equilibrium.
If there is no chemical reaction or transfer of matter from one part of the system to another
is called Chemical equilibrium
34. Explain Thermal equilibrium.
If the temperature difference between the system and surroundings is zero then it is in
Thermal equilibrium.
35. Define nuclear equilibrium
A system is said to be in nuclear equilibrium when nuclear reactions such as fusion, fission
reaction do not cause any change.

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36. Define magnetic equilibrium


A system is said to be in magnetic equilibrium when the magnetisation and demagnetisation
effects do not change its properties
37. when there is uniform pressure at all points of the system, then it is said to be in .........
[Ans: Mechanical equilibrium]
38. When a system will be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium?
A system is said to exist in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, when no change in any
microscopic property is registered if the system is isolated from the surroundings.
39. Define continuum
The Atomic structure of a substance is disregarded in classical thermodynamics and the
substance is viewed to be a continuous, homogenous matter without microscopic holes. This
concept is called as a continuum.
40. Define the term process
It is defined as the change of state undergone by a gas due to energy flow.
41. Define the term thermodynamic Cycle
When a system undergoes a series of processes and returns to its initial condition, it is
known as a thermodynamic cycle.
42. What is meant by open cycle?
In an open cycle, the BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
same working substance will be exhausted to the surroundings after
expansion.
43. What is meant by closed cycle?
In a closed cycle, the same working substance will recalculate again and again.
44. What is Quasi-Static process? (AU NOV 2012, AU MAY 2014)
The process is said to be quasi-static, it should proceed infinitesimally slow and follows
continuous series of equilibrium states. A quasi-static process is that a succession of equilibrium
states. A quasi-static process is also called as a reversible process.

45. What is meant by reversible process?


A process is said to be reversible, it should trace the same path in the reverse direction when
the process is reversed. It is possible only when the system passes through a continuous series of
equilibrium state.

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46. What is meant by irreversible process?


If a system does not pass through continuous equilibrium state, then the process is said to be
irreversible.
47. What is meant by reversible and irreversible process? (AU DEC 2013)
A process is said to be reversible, it should trace the same path in the reverse direction when
the process is reversed, and it is possible only when the system passes through a continuous
series of equilibrium state.
If a system does not pass through continuous equilibrium state, then the process is said to be
irreversible.
48. Identify any four reasons for irreversibility in a process. (AU APRIL 2012)
(i) Lack of equilibrium
(ii) Free expansion
(iii) Heat transfer through a finite temperature difference.
(iv) Dissipative effects
(v) Lack of pressure equilibrium within the interior of the system.
49. State True or False: Quasi-static process is also called as a Reversible process.
[Ans: True]
50. What is meant by Point function?
The quantity which is BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
independent of the process or path followed by the system is known
as point functions.
Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, etc.,
51. What is meant by Path function?
The quantities which are dependent on the process or path followed by the system is known
as path functions.
Example: Heat transfer, work transfer.
52. Differentiate Path function and Point function. (AU JUNE 2014)
S.No Path function Point function
1. The quantity which is dependent on The quantity which is independent of the
the process or path followed by the process or path followed by the system
system
2. Ex: Heat transfer, Work transfer Ex: Pressure, Volume, Temperature
3. It considers the direction of It does not consider the direction of
processes. processes.
4. The cyclic integral of a path function The cyclic integral of a point function is
is non zero. zero.

53. Define absolute pressure


The total algebraic sum of the atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure is called absolute
pressure.

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54. What is gauge pressure?


The pressure measured above the atmosphere pressure gauge pressure.
55. Define atmospheric pressure
The pressure exerted by the air on a column of 760 mm of mercury is called atmospheric
pressure.
56. What is meant by state of a system?
The state is a unique condition of the system and at equilibrium. It can be identified by its
properties, such as pressure, volume.
57. Define path of change of state
The succession equilibrium states passed through, is called the path of change of state.
58. Define energy
The energy of system is the ability or capacity to do work.
59. Define stored energy
The energy possessed by a system within its boundaries is called stored energy.
Example: Potential energy.
60. Define power
The rate of energy transfer is called power.
61. Define transit energy
The energy possessedBIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
by a system which is capable of crossing its boundaries is.called
transit energy.
Example: Heat energy, Electrical energy'.
62. Define internal energy
The energy possessed by a substance due to its molecular arrangement and. the motion of its
molecules is called internal energy.
63. What is meant by thermodynamic work?
A thermodynamic work is said to be done by a system if its sole effect outside its boundary
is equivalent to raising a weight against the force of gravity.
64. What is meant by thermodynamic work?
It is the work done by the system when the energy transferred across the boundary of the
system. It is mainly due to intensive property difference between the system and surroundings.
65. What is the work done in a closed system in terms pressure and volume?
[Workdone = Pdv.]
66. Work done by a system is.............
[Ans: Positive.]
67. Work done on a system is ...............
[Ans: Negative]

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68. Heat supplied to the system is......................


[Ans: Positive.]
69. Heat rejected by the system is....................
[Ans: Negative ]

70. State True or False:


Heat and work are not properties of the system.
[Ans: True]
71. State True or False:
During all adiabatic process, the change in internal energy is equal to work done.
[Ans: True]
72. State True or False:
During an isothermal process, the net heat interchange is el to the work done by the system.
[Ans: True]
73. Define specific heat
The heat required by a unit mass of a substance to raise its temperature by one degree is called the
specific heat of substance
Unit: kJ I kg I K.
74. Define Specific heat capacityBIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
at constant pressure. (AU DEC 2011)
It is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise or lower the temperature of unit
mass of the substance through one degree when the pressure kept constant. It is denoted by CP.
75. Define Specific heat capacity at constant volume. (AU DEC 2009)
It is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise or lower the temperature of unit
mass of the substance through one degree when volume kept constant. It is denoted by CV.
76. Define Latent heat
Latent heat is the amount of energy required to convert liquid completely into vapour per unit mass
of a substance at a given pressure.
77. Explain Zeroth Law of thermodynamics? (AU DEC 2014)
Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that when two systems are separately in thermal
equilibrium with a third system, then they themselves are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
78. Zeroth law is the basic of ................. measurement.
[Ans: Temperature]
79. State the law of conservation of energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred from one form to
another.

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80. State the First law of thermodynamics (AU DEC 2012)


First law of thermodynamics states that when the system undergoes a cyclic process the net
heat transfer is equal to a work transfer.
81. What are the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics? (AU NOV 2012)
a. According to the first law of thermodynamics heat and work are mutually convertible
during any cycle of a closed system. But this law does not specify the possible conditions
under which the heat is converted into work.
b. According to the first law of thermodynamics, it is impossible to transfer heat from lower
temperature to higher temperature.
c. It does not give any information regarding change of state or whether the process is
possible or not.
d. The law does not specify the direction of heat and work.
82. Define the term enthalpy? (AU DEC 2011)
The Combination of internal energy and flow energy is known as enthalpy of the system. It
may also be defined as the total heat of the substance.
Mathematically,
Enthalpy (H) = U + p v ……..KJ
Where, U – internal energy
p – Pressure BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
v – Volume
In terms of Cp & T → H = m Cp (T2-T1) ……… KJ
83. Give the general gas energy equations.
dH = dE + dW.
84. Define the term internal energy
The internal energy of a gas is the energy stored in a gas due to its molecular interactions. It
is also defined as the energy possessed by a gas at a given temperature.
85. Define Heat.
Heat is the energy crossing the boundary due to the temperature difference between the
system and surroundings.
86. Define an isentropic process.
The isentropic process is also called as a reversible adiabatic process. It is a process which
follows the law of pVy = C is known as an isentropic process. During this process, entropy remains
constant and no heat enters or leaves the gas.
87. Explain the throttling process.
When a gas or vapour expands and flows through an aperture of small size, the process is
called as throttling process.

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88. Define free expansion process.


When a gas expands suddenly into a vacuum through a large orifice is known as free
expansion process.
89. Work transfer is equal to heat transfer in case of ________ process.
[Isothermal process]
90. Define perpetual motion machine (PMM) of the first kind
PMM of the first kind delivers work continuously without any input. It violates the first law
of thermodynamics, it is impossible to construct an engine working with this principle.
OR
It is defined as a machine, which produces work energy without consuming an equivalent of
energy from another source. It is impossible to obtain in actual practice because no machine can
produce energy of its own without consuming any other form of energy.
91. What is Perpetual motion machine of the second kind?
A heat engine, which converts the whole of the heat energy into mechanical work, is known
as Perpetual motion machine of the second kind.
OR
Perpetual motion machine of the second kind draws heat continuously from a single
reservoir and converts it into an equivalent amount of work. Thus it gives 100% efficiency.
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92. Write down the characteristic CHIDAMBARANATHAN
gas equation.
Characteristic gas equation is pV = mRT
Where, p = pressure
V = Volume
R = Characteristic gas constant
T = Temperature.
93. What is meant by steady flow process?
During the process the rate of flow of mass and energy across the boundary remains
constant, is known as steady flow process.
OR
Steady flow means that the rates of flow of mass and energy across the control surface are
constant.

94. What is the difference between steady flow and non – flow process?
During the steady flow process, the rate of flow of mass and energy across the boundary
remains constant.
In case of non – flow, flow across the system and boundary.

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95. What are the conditions for steady flow process? (AU MAY 2013)
(i) The streams of material crossing the control surface must not change their state or flow rate with
time.
(ii) Each point within the control volume must not change its state with time or only cyclic state
variation occurs.
(iii)The heat and work transfer rates must not change with time or the mean rates in this case of
cyclic behaviour must not change.
96. Indicate the practical application of steady flow energy equation.
i. Turbine
ii. Nozzle
iii. Condenser
iv. Compressor
v. Pump
97. Work done in a free expansion process is _________
Ans: Zero
98. Which property is constant during throttling?
[Enthalpy]
99. If in the equation PVn = C, the value of n =∞ then the process is called _______
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN [Constant Volume process]
100. The polytropic index (n) is given by ________
[n = ln (P2/P1)/ ln (V1/V2)]
101. Prove that for an isolated system, there is no change in internal energy.
In isolated system, there is no interaction between the system and the surroundings. There
is no mass transfer and energy transfer.
According to first law of thermodynamics as
dQ = dU + dW;
dU = dQ - dW;
dQ = 0,
dW = 0,
Therefore dU = 0 by integrating the above equation U = constant, therefore the internal
energy is constant for isolated system.

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
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ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BASICS - GAS EQUATION


A gas whose original pressure, volume and temperature were 140 kN/m3, 0.1m3 and 25°C
respectively. It is compressed such that new pressure is 700 kN/m2 and its new temperature is 60°C.
determine the new volume of the gas [Nov „01]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

BASICS - PRESSURE
Calculate the actual pressure of air in the tank if the pressure of compressed air measured by
manometer is 30 cm of mercury and atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa [June '10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
During the working stroke of an engine, the heat transferred out of the system was 150 kJ/kg of the
working substance. Determine the work done, when the internal energy is decreased by 400 kJ/kg.
Also, state whether the work done on or by the engine. [Nov „01]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
During one cycle the working fluid in an engine engages in two work interactions: 15kJ to the fluid
and 44 kJ from the fluid, three heat interactions, two of which are known: 75 kJ to the fluid and 40
kJ from the fluid. Evaluate the magnitude and direction of the third heat transfer

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A stationary mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state of 0.3m 3 in 0.105MPa
finals state of 0.15m3 and 0.105MPa. The pressure remaining constant during the process. There is
a transfer of 37.6 KJ of heat from the gas during the process. How much does the internal energy of
the gas change?

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A rigid tank containing 0.4m3 of air at 400kPa and 30°C is connected by a valve to a piston-
cylinder device with zero clearance. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 200kPa is
required to raise the piston. The valve is opened slightly and the air is allowed to flow into the
cylinder until the pressure of the tank drops to 200kPa. During this process, the heat is exchanged
with the surrounding such that the entire air remains at 300C at all times. Determine the heat
transfer for this process. [Nov „10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
25 people attended a farewell party in a small room of size 10 x 8 m and have a 5 m ceiling. Each
person gives up 350 kJ of heat per hour. Assuming that the room is completely sealed off and
insulated, calculate the air temperature rise occurring in 10 minutes. Assume Cv of air 0.718kJ/kgK
and R= 0.287 kJ/kg K and each person occupies a volume of 0.005m3. Take p = 101.325 kPa and T
= 20°C. [Nov‟ 11]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A piston and cylinder machine contains a fluid system which passes through a complete cycle of
four processes. During the cycle, the sum of all heat transfers is -170kJ. The system completes 100
cycles per minute. Complete the following table showing the method for each item, and compute
the net rate of work output in kW. [Nov „02]
Process Q (kJ/min) W(kJ/min) E (kJ/min)

a-b 0 2,170 -

b-c 21,000 0 -

c-d -2,100 - -36,000

d-a - - -

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A fluid system, contained in a piston and cylinder machine, passes through a complete cycle of four
processes. The sum of all heat transferred during a cycle is -340kJ. The system completes 200
cycles per min.
Process Q (kJ/min) W(kj/min) E (kJ/min)

1-2 0 4340 -

2-3 42000 0 -

3-4 -4200 - -73200

4-1 - - -

Complete the above table showing the method for each item, and compute the net rate of work
output in kW. [May „12]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A gas of mass, 1.5kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion which follows a relationship p = a+bV,
where a and b are constants. The initial and final pressures are 1000kPa and 200 kPa respectively
and the corresponding volumes are 0.2m3 and 1.2m3. The specific internal energy of the gas is
given by the relation u = 1.5pv – 85 kJ/kg. Where p is in kPa and V is in m3. Calculate the net heat
transfer and the maximum internal energy of the gas attained during expansion. [Nov ‟03 & Nov
„12]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A fluid is confined in a cylinder by a spring-loaded frictionless piston so that the pressure in the
fluid is a linear function of the volume (p = a + bV). The internal energy of the fluid is given by the
following equation u = 34 + 3.15pV, where u is kJ, p is in kPa and V in m3. If the fluid changes
from an initial state of 170 kPa, 0.0m3 to a final state of 400kPa, 0.06m3, with no other work than
that done on the piston, find the direction and magnitude of the work and heat transfer. [Nov ‟01 &
Nov‟12]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A wok done by a substance in a reversible non-flow manner is in accordance with V= (15/p) m3,
where p is in bar. Evaluate the work done on or by the system as pressure increases from 10 to 100
bar. Indicate whether it is a compression process or explanation process. If the change in internal
energy is 500kJ. Calculate the direction and magnitude of hear transfer. [Apr „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
A Vander Waal gas is compressed reversibly at constant temperature from volume V1 to V2. The
equation of state is given by p = {(RT/v-b)-(a/v2)} . Determine the work done per mole of the gas.
[Nov „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
When a system is taken from a to b (state), in figure, along path acb, 84 KJ of heat flows into the
system and the system does 32 KJ of work.
a) How much will the heat that flows into the system along path adb be, if the work 10.5 KJ?
b) When the system is returned from b to a along the curved path, the work done on the system
is 21 KJ. Does the system absorb or liberate heat and how much of the heat is absorbed or
liberated?
c) If Ua = 0 and Ud = 42 KJ, find the heat absorbed in the processes ad and db.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
The resistance of the windings in a certain motor is found to be 75 ohms at room temperature 25oC.
When operating at full load under steady state conditions, the motor is switched off and the
resistance of the windings is immediately measured again, and found to be 90 ohms. The windings
are made of copper whose resistance at temperature at t oC is given by R1= R0 [1 + 0.00393t] where
R0 is the resistance at 0oC. Find the temperature by the coil during full load. [May '10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
Work done by a substance in a reversible non-flow manner is in accordance with V = (15/p) m3,
where p is in bar. Evaluate the work done on or by the system as pressure increases from 10 to 100
bar. Indicate whether it is a compression process or expansion process. If the change in internal
energy is 500 kJ, calculate the direction and magnitude of heat transfer. [May '08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

FIRST LAW
The properties of a system, during a reversible constant pressure non-flow process at P=1.6 bar,
changed from v1= 0.3 m3/kg, T1 = 20o C to v2= 0.55 m3/kg, T2=260o C. The specific heat of the
fluid is given by
 
 75 
C p  1.5   kJ / kg C
o

 T  45 
 
Where T is in oC. Determine the heat added, work done, change in internal energy and change in
enthalpy per kg of fluid. [May '10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

NEW TEMPERATURE SCALE


Define a new thermodynamic scale say degree N, in which the freezing point and boiling point of
water are 100°N and 300°N respectively. Correlate this temperature scale with centigrade scale.
[Nov „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT VOLUME OR ISOCHORIC PROCESS


Certain gas of volume 0.4 m3, pressure of 4.5 bar and temperature of 130°C is heated in a cylinder
to 9 bar when the volume remains constant. Calculate temperature at the end of the process, the
heat transfer, change in internal energy, work done by the gas, change in enthalpy, mass of the gas
and change in entropy. Assume CP = 1.005kJ/kg.k and Cv = 0.71kJ/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT VOLUME OR ISOCHORIC PROCESS


A certain gas occupies a space 0.3 m3 at a pressure of 2 bar and temperature 77°C. It is heated at
constant volume until the pressure is 7 bar. Determine temperature at the end of the process, mass
of the gas, change in internal energy, change in enthalpy and change in entropy during this process.
Assume CP = 1005J/kg.k and Cv = 718J/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT VOLUME OR ISOCHORIC PROCESS


In a vessel of 10 kg of oxygen is heated in a reversible non flow constant volume process. So that
the pressure of oxygen is increased 2 times that of initial value. The initial temperature of 20°C.
Calculate the final temperature, change in internal energy, change in enthalpy, change in entropy
and heat transfer. Assume R = 0.259 kJ/kg.k and Cv = 652J/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


5 kg of air at 40°C and 1 bar is heated in a reversible non-flow constant pressure until the volume is
doubled. Find (a) change in volume (b) work done (c) change in internal energy (d) change in
entropy and (e) change in enthalpy [Dec „92]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


Mass of 15 kg of air in a piston-cylinder device is heated from 25°C to 90°C by passing current
through a resistance heater inside the cylinder. The pressure inside the cylinder is held constant at
300 KPa during the process and a heat loss of 60 KJ occurs. Determine the electrical energy
supplied in kw-hr and change in internal energy.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


1 kg of gas expands at constant pressure from 0.85m3 to 0.13m3. If the initial temperature of the gas
is 225°C. Find the final temperature, net heat transfer, change in internal energy, pressure of the gas
and change in entropy. Assume CP = 1.005kJ/kg.k and Cv = 0.71kJ/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


1 kg of gas with initial volume 2.5 m3 is heated at constant pressure from 25°C to 220°C. Estimate
the heat added, ideal work done, change in internal energy, change in enthalpy and change in
entropy. Also calculate the final pressure and final volume. Take CP = 0.984kJ/kg.k and Cv =
0.728kJ/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


The values of specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume for an ideal gas are 0.984
kJ/kg.k and 0.728 kJ/kg.k. Find the value of characteristic gas constant and ratio of specific heat for
the gas. This gas is heated at constant pressure from 25°C to 200°C. Estimate the heat added, ideal
work done, change in internal energy and change in entropy. Also calculate the pressure and final
volume, if initial volume was 2m3.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


A certain quantity of gas has a volume of 0.14 m3, pressure 1.5 bar and temperature 100°C. If the
gas is compressed at constant pressure until volume become 0.11 m3. Determine the temperature at
the end of compression, work done, decrease in internal energy, heat given out by the gas and
change in entropy. Assume CP = 1.005kJ/kg.k and Cv = 0.712kJ/kg.k

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


Mixture of gases expands at constant pressure from 1MPa, 0.03m3 to 0.06m3 with 84 kJ positive
heat transfer. There is no work other than that done on the Piston. Find change in internal energy
for the gaseous mixture.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


1.5 kg of air at 2 bar and 40°C is heated at constant pressure until the volume is doubled. Calculate
the work done, heat transfer, change in internal energy, change in enthalpy and change in entropy.
[Oct „96]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT PRESSURE OR ISOBARIC PROCESS


2.5 kg of air is heated at constant pressure of 250KPa and 100°C until the temperature is 250°C.
Find the amount of heat added and change in entropy.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OR ISOTHERMAL PROCESS


0.25 kg of air at a pressure of 1 bar occupies a volume of 0.3 m3. If this air expands
isothermally to a volume of 0.9m3. Find (i) the initial temperature, (ii) the final temperature,
(iii) external work done, (iv) heat absorbed by the air, (v) change in internal energy and (vi)
change in entropy. Assume R = 0.29 kJ/Kg.K. [Nov „01]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OR ISOTHERMAL PROCESS


A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi static process from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa for which
PV = constant. The initial density of air is 1.16 kg/m3. Find the work done by the piston to
compress the air.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OR ISOTHERMAL PROCESS


2 kg of gas at a pressure of 1.5 bar occupies a volume of 2.5 m3. If this gas compresses isothermally
to 1/3 times the initial volume, find initial temperature, final temperature, work done, change in
entropy and heat transfer. Assume R= 0.287kJ/kg.k.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OR ISOTHERMAL PROCESS


A quantity of air has a volume of 0.48 m3 at pressure of 5 bar and temperature of 80°C. It is
expanded in a cylinder at constant temperature to a pressure of 1 bar. Determine the amount of
work done by the air during expansion.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OR ISOTHERMAL PROCESS


0.1 m3 of air at a pressure of 1.5 bar is expanded isothermally to 0.5 m3. Calculate the final pressure
of the gas and heat supplied during the process.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

HYPERBOLIC PROCESS
A gas is compressed hyperbolically from a pressure and volume of 100 kN/m2 and 0.056 m3
respectively to a volume of 0.007 m3. Determine the final pressure and the work done on the gas.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


10 kg of gas at 10 bar and 400°C expand reversibly and adiabatically to 1 bar. Find the work done,
change in internal energy and heat transfer.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


1.5 kg of certain gas at a pressure of 8 bar and 20°C occupies the volume of 0.15 m3. It expands
adiabatically to a pressure of 0.9 bar and volume of 0.73 m3. Determine the work done during the
process, gas constant, ratio of specific heats, change in internal energy and change in enthalpy.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


The initial volume of 0.18 kg of a certain gas was 0.15 m3 at a temperature of 15°C and a pressure
of 1 bar. After adiabatic compression to 0.056 m3, the pressure was found to be 4 bar. Find the gas
constant, molecular mass of the gas, ratio of specific heats, change in internal energy and two
specific heats, one at constant pressure and other at constant volume.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


1 litre of hydrogen at 0°C is suddenly adiabatically compressed to one half of its volume. Find the
final temperature of the gas, if the ratio of two specific heats for hydrogen is 1.4.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


Air at 1.02 bar, 22°C initially occupies a cylinder volume of 0.015 m3 is compressed isentropically
by a piston to a pressure of 6.8 bar. Determine final temperature, final volume and work done.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC OR ISENTROPIC PROCESS


Evaluate the non flow work of a gas and internal energy while it undergoes a reversible adiabatic
process PV1.4 = constant. The initial pressure and volume are 3 bar and 4 m3 and final volume is 20
m3. Take CP = 1.005 kJ/kg.k.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
One Kg of gas at 1.1 bar, 27°C is compressed to 6.6 bar as per the law pV1.3 = const. calculate
work and heat transfer, if [Dec „05]
a) When the gas is ethane (C2H6) with a molar mass of 30kg/k mol and Cp of 2.1 kJ/kg. K.
b) When the gas is argon (Ar) with a molar mass of 40kg/k mol and Cp of 0.52kJ/kg.K.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
Determine the heat transfer and its directions for a system in which a perfect gas having a
molecular weight of 17.76 is compressed from 101.3kPa, 20°C to a pressure of 600 kPa following
the law pV1.3 = constant. Take specific heat at constant pressure of the gas as 1.7 kJ/kgK. [Jun „14]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
A cylinder contains 1 m3 of gas at 100 KPa and 100°C, the gas is polytropically compressed to a
volume of 0.25 m3. The final pressure is 600 KPa. Determine mass of the gas, the value of
polytropic index for compression, change in internal energy of the gas, heat transferred by the gas
during compression and change in entropy. Assume R= 0.287kJ/kg.k and γ = 1.4

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
An ideal gas of molecular weight 30 and specific heat ratio 1.4 is compressed according to the law
PV1.25 = C from 1 bar (absolute) and 27°C to a pressure of 16 bar (absolute). Calculate the
temperature at the end of compression, the heat received or rejected, work done on the gas during
the process and change in enthalpy. Assume mass of the gases as 1 kg.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
Calculate the change in internal energy, heat transfer, change in enthalpy and change in entropy for
0.75 kg of air expanding according to the law of PV1.3 = Constant from 1MPa and 300°C to 100
KPa work done by air during the process.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
The gas mixture obeying gas law has a molecular mass of 26.7. The gas mixture is compressed
through a compression ratio of 12 according to the lab PV1.25 = Constant from initial conditions of
0.9 bar and 333 K. Assuming a mean molar specific heat at constant volume of 21.1 kJ/kg k . Fine
per kg of mass the work done and heat flow across the cylinder walls. For the above gas, determine
the value of characteristic gas constant, molar specific heat at constant pressure and ratio of specific
heats.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
A gas initially 603K expands until its volume is 5.2 times the initial volume, according to the law
PVn = Constant. If the initial and final pressures are observed to be 8.5 bar and 1 bar, determine the
index of expansion, work done per kg of gas, heat exchange per kg of gas, Assume Cv=
0.712kJ/kg.k and γ = 1.4.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
Air at 300°C and 10 bar expands to 3 bar reversibly following the law PV1.35 = Constant. Determine
the work done per kg of air, heat transfer and change in entropy.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
2 Kg of air at a pressure of 8 bar occupies a volume of 0.3 m3. if the air expands to a volume of 1.5
m3 according to the law PV1.25 = Constant. Calculate the work done and change in entropy during
the process.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
An ideal gas is compressed with a pressure ratio of 10 and the temperature is increased from 30 °C
to 40 °C. Find polytropic index of compression, work of compression per unit mass.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
2Kg of air is expanded from 10 bar and 200°C to 3 bar by the law PV1.25 = Constant. Find the
change in entropy and the amount of heat transfer.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
Air at 475 KPa and 200°C expands in a non flow process to 75 KPa as per the law PV1.2 =
Constant. Find the work done, heat transfer and change in entropy per kg.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

POLYTROPIC PROCESS
At the beginning of the compression stroke of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine the air is
at a pressure of 101.325 kPa. Compression reduces the volume by 1/5 of its original volume, and
the law of compression is given by pv1.2 = constant. If the bore and stroke of each cylinder is 0.15 m
and 0.25 m respectively, determine the power absorbed in kW by compression strokes when the
engine speed is such that each cylinder undergoes 500 compression strokes per minute. [ May '10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A perfect gas for which ratio of specific heats is 1.4 occupies a volume of 0.3 m 3 at 100 KPa and
27 °C. The gas undergoes compression of 0.06 m3. Find the heat transfer during the compression
for the following methods
a) PV = Constant
b) PV γ = Constant and
c) PV1.1 = Constant

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A gas of mass 0.35 kg pressure 1535 KN/m2 and temperature of 335 °C is expanded adiabatically to
a pressure of 126 KN/m2. The gas is then heated at constant volume until it reaches 335 °C, when
its pressure is found to be 275 KN/m2. Finally the gas is compressed isothermally until the original
pressure of 1535 KN/m2 obtained. Draw the PV diagram and find out the following.
a) the value of adiabatic index
b) change in internal energy during adiabatic process and
c) heat transfer during constant volume process. Take CP = 1.005 kJ/kg.k.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A system receives 200kJ of energy as heat, at constant volume. Then it is cooled at constant
pressure when 50kJ of work was done on the system while it rejects 70kJ of heat. Supposing the
system is restored to the initial state by an adiabatic process, how much work will be done by the
system? [Nov „04]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A gas occupies 0.3m3 at 2 bar. It executes a cycle consisting of processes:
(a) 1-2; constant pressure with work interaction of 15kJ.
(b) 2-3; compression process which follows the law pV = constant, and U3 = U2.
(c) 3-1; constant volume process, and change in internal energy is 40kJ. Neglect change in KE and
PE. Draw PV diagram for the process and determine network transfer for the cycle. Also show that
first law is obeyed by the cycle. [Nov „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A mass of air is initially at 260°C and 700 kPa and occupies 0.028m3. The air is expanded at
constant pressure to 0.084m3. A polytropic process with n = 1.5 is then carried out, followed by a
constant temperature process. All the processes are reversible.
1. Sketch the cycle in p - V and T-s planes
2. Find the heat received and heat rejected in the cycle
3. Find the effective of the cycle. [Apr „03]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A cycle operating with nitrogen as the working substance has constant temperature compression at
34°C with initial pressure 100kPa. Then the gas undergoes a constant volume heating and then
polytropic expansion with 1.35 as index of compression. The isothermal compression required – 67
kJ/kg work. Determine:
a) p, v and T around the cycle
b) Heat in and out
c) Net work
For nitrogen gas, Cv = 0.731 kJ/kgK. [Jun „13]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
Three grams of nitrogen gas at 6 atm and 160oC in a frictionless piston cylinder device is expanded
adiabatically to double its initial volume and then compressed at constant pressure to its initial
volume and then compressed again at constant volume to its initial state. Calculate the net work
done on the gas. Draw the p-V diagram for the process. [Dec „14]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
90 kJ of heat are supplied to a system at a constant volume. The system rejects 95 kJ of heat at
constant pressure and 18 kJ of work is done on it. The system is brought to original state by
adiabatic process. Determine: (i) Adiabatic work; (ii) The values of internal energy at all end states
if initial value is 105 kJ. [Dec „14]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A three process cycle operating with nitrogen as the working substance has constant temperature
compression at 34°C with initial pressure 100 kPa. Then the gas undergoes a constant volume
heating and then polytropic expansion with 1.35 as index of compression. The isothermal
compression requires -67 kJ/kg of work. Determine (i) P, v and T around the cycle, (ii) Heat in and
out, (iii) Net work. For nitrogen gas, Cv = 0.7431 kJ/kg K. [May '13]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
A system contains 0.15 m3 of air at 4 bar and 1500C. A reversible adiabatic expansion takes place
till the pressure falls to 1.01 bar. The gas is then heated at constant pressure till the enthalpy
increases by 62 kJ. Calculate total work and heat transfer and change in entropy. Draw the process
in P-v and T-s diagrams. [May '12 & Dec '11]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS


In a steady flow system, a working substance flows at a rate of 4 kg/s enters a pressure of 620
kN/m2 at a velocity of 300 m/s. The internal energy is 2100 kJ/kg and specific volume 0.37 m 3/kg.
It leaves the system at a pressure of 130 kN/m2, a velocity of 150 m/s, the internal energy of 1500
kJ/kg and specific volume of 1.2 m3/kg. During its passage in the system, the substance has a heat
loss of 30kJ/kg to its surroundings. Determine the power of the system. State that it is from (or) to
the system. [Apr „ 92]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - ROOM


A room for four persons has two fans, each consuming 0.18 kW power and three 100W lamps.
Ventilation air at the rate of 80kg/hr enters with an enthalpy of 84kJ/kg and leaves with an enthalpy
of 59kJ/kg. If each person puts out heat at the rate of 630kJ/hr, determine the rate at which heat is to
be removed by a room cooler so that a steady state is maintained in the room. [Nov ‟03 & Nov „07]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - COMPRESSOR


Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100kPa and 12°C to a pressure of 800kPa at a
steady rate of 0.2kg/s. If the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80%, determine the exit
temperature of air and the required power input to the compressor. [Nov '10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - COMPRESSOR


Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kg/s through an air compressor, entering at 7m/s velocity, 100
kPa pressure and 0.95 m3/kg, volume and leaving at 5m/s, 700 kPa and 0.19m3/kg. The internal
energy of the air leaving is 90 kJ/kg greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in the
compressor jackets absorbs heat from the air entering at the rate of 58 kW. (a) Compare the rate of
shaft work input to the air in kW. (b) Find the ratio of the inlet pipe diameter to the outlet pipe
diameter. [Dec ‟01, Nov ‟04 & Nov „11]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - COMPRESSOR


A gas flows steadily through compressor. The gas enters the compressor at a temperature of 16°C, a
pressure of 100kPa, and an enthalpy of 391.2 kJ/kg. The gas leaves the compressor at a temperature
of 245°C, a pressure of 0.6Mpa, and an enthalpy of 534.5 kJ/kg. There is no heat transfer to or
from the gas as it flows through the compressor. Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of
gas when the velocity at entry 80m/s and that at exist is 160m/s. [Apr '05]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - COMPRESSOR


Air is compressed from 100kPa and 22°C to a pressure of 1MPa while being cooled at the rate of
16kJ/kg by circulating water through the compressor casing. The volume flow rate of air at inlet
condition is 150m3/min and power input to compressor is 500kW. Neglecting the gravitational
potential energy, determine the mass flow rate and the temperature of air at exit. [May „12]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - COMPRESSOR


A reciprocating air compressor takes in 2m3/min air at 0.11Mpa, 298K which it delivers at 1.5MPa,
384K to an after cooler where the air is cooled at constant pressure to 298K. The power absorbed
by the compressor is 4.15kW. Determine the heat transfer in (i) the compressor (ii) the cooler. State
your assumptions. [Nov „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - TURBINE


A turbine operates under steady flow conditions receiving steam at the following state; pressure =
1.2 MPa, temperature = 188°C, enthalpy = 2785 kJ/kg, velocity = 33.3 m/s and elevation = 3m. The
steam leaves the turbine at the following state: pressure = 20 kPa, enthalpy = 2512 kJ/kg, velocity =
100 m/s and elevation = 0 m. Heat is lost to the surroundings at the rate of 0.29 kJ/s. If the rate of
steam flow through the turbine is 0.42 kg/s, what is the power output of the turbine in kW? [May
'99]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - TURBINE


In a Gas turbine installation, the gases enter the turbine at the rate of 5kg/s with a velocity of 50m/s
and enthalpy of 900kJ/kg and leave the turbine with 150m/s and enthalpy of 400kJ/kg. The loss of
heat from the gases to the surroundings is 25kJ/kg. Assume R=0.285kJ/kgK, Cp = 1.004kJ/kgK and
inlet conditions to be at 100kPa and 27°C. Determine the workdone and diameter of the inlet pipe.
[Apr „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - TURBINE


In a turbo machine handling an incompressible fluid with a density of 1000kg/m3 the conditions of
the fluid at the rotor entry and exit are as given below:
Inlet Exit
Pressure 1.15MPa 0.05MPa
Velocity 30m/s 15.5m/s
Height above datum 10m 2m
3
If the volume flow rate of the fluid is 40m /s, estimate the net energy transfer from the fluid as
work. [Nov „08]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - HEATER


The electric heating system used in many houses consists of a simple duct with resistance wire. Air
is heated as it flows over resistance wires. Consider a 15kW electric heating system. Air enters the
heating section at 100kPa and 17°C with a volume flow rate of 150m3/min. If heat is lost from the
air in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 200W, determine the exit temperature of air. [Nov
„10]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - NOZZLE


In an isentropic through nozzle, air flows at the rate of 600kg/hr. At inlet to the nozzle, pressure is
2MPa and temperature is 1270C. The exit pressure is 0.5MPa. Initial air velocity is 300m/s.
Determine (i) Exit velocity of air (ii) Inlet and exit area of nozzle. [Nov „06]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - NOZZLE


The velocity and enthalpy of fluid at the inlet of a certain nozzles are 50m/s and 2800 kJ/kg
respectively. The enthalpy at the exit of nozzle is 2600kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and insulated
so that no heat transfer takes place from it. Find [Nov „07]
a) Velocity of fluid at exit of the nozzle.
b) Mass flow rate, if the area at inlet of nozzle is 0.09m2
c) Exit area of the nozzle, if the specific volume at the exit of the nozzle is 0.495m3/kg.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - CENTRIFUGAL PUMP


A centrifugal pump delivers 2750kg of water per minute from initial pressure of 0.8 bar absolute to
a final pressure of 2.8bar absolute. The suction is 2m below and the delivery is 5m above the centre
of pump. If the suction and delivery pipes are of 15cm and 10cm diameter respectively, make
calculation for power required to run the pump. [Nov „06]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - BLOWER


A blower handles 1kg/s of air at 293K and consumes a power of 15kW. The inlet and outlet
velocities of air are 100m/s and 150m/s respectively. Find the exit air temperature, assuming
adiabatic conditions. Take Cp of air as 1.005 kJ/kgK. [Nov „07]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - HEAT EXCHANGER


Air at a temperature of 15°C passes through a heat exchanger at a velocity of 30m/s where its
temperature is raised to 800°C. It then enters a turbine with the same velocity of 30m/s and expands
until the temperature falls to 650°C. On leaving the turbine, the air is taken at a velocity of 60m/s to
a nozzle where it expands until the temperature has fallen to 500°C. If the air flow rate is 2kg/s,
calculate: [Apr „03]
a) The rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger,
b) The power output from the turbine assuming no heat loss, and
c) The velocity at exit from the nozzle, assuming no heat loss. Take the enthalpy of air as h =
CpT, where Cp is the specific heat equals to 1.005kJ/kgK and „T‟ the temperature.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - NOZZLE


A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing stream. At the inlet to a certain
nozzle, the enthalpy of the fluid passing is 3000 kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/s. At the discharge
end, the enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is negligible heat loss from it.
a) Find the velocity at exit from the nozzle. [May '10]
b) If the inlet area is 0.1 m2 and the specific volume at the inlet is 0.187 m3/kg, find the mass
flow rate.
c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498 m3/kg, find the exit area of the nozzle.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS


In a steady flow apparatus 135 KJ of work is done by each kg of fluid. The specific volume of the
fluid, pressure and velocity at the inlet 0.37 m3/kg 600 KPa and 16m/s. The inlet is 32m above the
floor and the discharge pipe is at floor level. The discharge conditions are 0.62 m 3/kg 100 KPa and
270 m/s. The total heat loss between the inlet and discharge is 9 KJ/kg of fluid. In flowing through
this Apparatus, does the specific internal energy increase or decrease and by how much?

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - PIPE


In a steam power station, steam flows steadily through a 0.2 m diameter pipe line from the boiler to
the turbine. At the boiler end, the steam conditions are found to be P = 4 MPa, T = 400°C, h=
3213.6 kJ/kg and υ = 0.073 m3/kg. At the turbine end, the conditions are found to be P = 3.5MPa,
T = 392°C, h = 3202.6 kJ/kg and υ = 0.084 m3/kg. There is a heat loss of 8.5 kJ/kg from the
pipeline. Calculate the steam flow rate.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - WATER HEATER


A certain water heater operates under steady flow conditions receiving 4.2 kg/s of water at 75°C
temperature, enthalpy 313.93 kJ/kg. The water is heated by mixing with steam which is supplied to
the heater at temperature 100.2°C and enthalpy 2676 kJ/kg. The mixture leaves the heater at 100°C
and enthalpy 419 kJ/kg. How much steam must be supplied to the heater per hour.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS


50 kg/min of air enters the control volume in a steady flow system at 2 bar and 100 °C and at an
elevation of 100m above the datum. The same mass leaves the control volume at 150 m elevation
with a pressure of 10 bar and temperature of 300°C. The entrance velocity is 2400 m/min and the
exit velocity is 1200 m/min. During the process 50,000 KJ/hr of heat is transferred to the control
volume and the rise in enthalpy is 8 kJ/kg. Calculate the power developed. [Apr '96]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - BOILER


A boiler produces steam from water at 35°C. The enthalpy of steam is 2675 kJ/kg. Calculate the
heat transferred per kg. Specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 kJ/kg.K. Neglect the potential and
kinetic energies.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - NOZZLE


In a steady flow of air through a nozzle, the enthalpy decreases by 50 kJ/kg between two sections.
Assuming that there are no other energy changes than the kinetic energy. Determine the increase in
velocity at section 2, if the initial velocity is 90m/s.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - NOZZLE


At the inlet of the nozzle, the enthalpy and velocity of the fluid are 3000 kJ/kg and 50 m/s
respectively. There is negligible heat loss from the nozzle. At the outlet of the nozzle, enthalpy is
2450 kJ/kg. If the nozzle is horizontal, find the velocity of the fluid at exit.

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET


BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

STEADY FLOW PROCESS - MULTIPLE COMPONENTS


In a gas turbine installation air is heated inside heat exchanger up to 750°C from ambient
temperature of 27°C. Hot air then enters into gas turbine with the velocity of 50 m/s and leaves at
6000C. Air leaving the turbine enters a nozzle at 60m/s velocity and leaves nozzle at temperature of
500°C. For unit mass flow rate of air, determine the following assumptions adiabatic expansion in
turbine and nozzle,
a) heat transfer to air in heat exchanger
b) power output from turbine
c) velocity at exit of nozzle. Take Cp for air as 1.005kJ/kgK. [May '11, June „14 & Dec '14]

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN

ME 8391 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / II YEAR / III SEM / MECH / RMKCET

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