Self Thought Sinhala

B 3 56b OMO
4^fe^
SINHALESE
This syttem taaches you the eas«ntlalf of

ft tanguag« (for travel and enjoyment)
without the drudgery of prolonged study
5'- Nn
By
Don M. de ZILVA WICKREMASINGHi
Author of
Tamil Self*Taught
Tamil Grammar Saif-Taught, &c.
London : E. MAfU-fiOROUCH A CO. LTD.

Marlborough's
Self-Taught Series
of
European and Oriental Languages
DESIGNED primarily for TOURISTS and TRAVEL-

LERS inForeign lands who, without previous
knowledge of the Language, desire to express themselves
sufficiently to be understood, these books also form a good
foundation for the more seriously minded student.
The Method followed throughout the Scries is to give

Classified vocabularies and Conversational Phrases under
Subjects, arranged in three columns giving first the English
word or phrase, second the Foreign equivalent, and third
the English phonetic pronunciation. This latter column
makes correct pronunciation a simple matter. A
section
on Elementary Grammar is included in most cases and
deals with the construction of sentences and any special
pcculiarites of the language, such as Genders, Tenses, Con^
jugation of Verbs, etc. For the more important languages
a separate volume on Grammar is published containing, in
addition to a thorough treatise on Grammar, Exercises for
translation.
These books can he obtained through any bookseller.
POIl COMPLETE LIST OF LANGUAGES SEE PA&E 4 OF COVLM

^1 k ^^>/x
Marlborough's Self-Taught Series.
SinDalese
SelfCauflbt
by the Natural Method
-WITH
Phonetic Pronunciation
THIMM'S SYSTEM
BY
Don M. de Z. WICKRBMASINQHE,
Hon. M.A. (Oxon)
Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. Lecturer on Tamil and
in the University of Oxford, and on Pali and Prakrit for
Teltigti
Jesus College, Oxford. Author of " Tamil Self-Taught,"
" Tamil Grammar Self-Taught," etc.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
LONDON
E. Marlborough &z Co., Ltd.
ALL RIGHTS RSSBRVSO

TO
The Honourable Mr. F. H. M. CORBET,
ADVOCATE-GENERAL OF MADRAS,
I DEDICATE THESE PAGES,
AS A TOKEN
OF SINCERE GRATITUDE
FOR HELP AND ENCOURAGEMENT
AFFORDED ME IN MY LINGUISTIC STUDIES.
M. DE Z. WICKRERIASINGHE.
LETCH WORTH
THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD.,
PRINTERS.
Printed and Made in Great Britain.

PREFACE.
THIS manual is intended to supply a working knowled'ge of Sinhalese,

for the benefit, primarily, of those who have not the time, or,
perhaps, the inclination, to master the Grammar of the language, and
yet require to use the spoken tongue for business or other purposes.
With this object in view, Ihave compiled the present work mainly
on the lines of my Tamil Self-Taught, with the addition of an
outline of the Grammar of Sinhalese, pending the publication of a
separate volume of Grammar.
Having regard to the needs of students who work without a Teacher,

I have devoted some pages wholly to the subject of pronunciation,
and have given the transliteration of all the Sinhalese words occurring
in the grammar section of the work, side by side with the Sinhalese
character.
In the scheme of transliteration I have used full-faced type to mark

the aspirate, instead of attaching the usual h
to the aspirated con-
sonant, on the principle of " one sign for one sign " e. g., ssi k, and
: =
^ = k, not kh. This, I consider, is practically useful in the trans-
literation of Prakrit and modern Indian dialects, for it will enable
the reader to distinguish at a glance the difference between, say,
(5sitS523^ rathaka, a red conch shell, and (5(5<553 rathaka (raiaka),
a small chariot, unless, as in the " P^pigraphia Zeylanica ", a small
hyphen is added between the two elements to show that the sound
in question is a true double sound. Again, Cf:i and <$^ have been
represented by a and 5, not, as is usual in Ceylon, by e and e, these
sounds being only modifications of the sounds of ^ a and Cp a.
Further, as a guide to the proper intonation of Sinhalese words,

I have indicated those vowels which are pronounced fully with a sort
of "stress accent" by the mark of the acute accent placed above
them. I have not done this, however, in the section containing the
Vransl iterated vocabularies, idiomatic phrases, and sentences, because
585
there the correct pronunciation of every Sinhalese word xs indicated
in the third column of each page by means of Marlborough's system
of English phonetics.
This work being designed purely for practical use, the rules and
explanations given in the grammar section are scarcely intended for
students entering on a scientific investigation of the Sinhalese
language. For them a separate grammar and an etymological and
historical lexicon founded on the latest results of Prakrit philology
are under preparation.
M. DE Z. W.
Oxford, 1916.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Outline of Grammar. — Pages 72-93.
Articles 72
Nouns . 74
Pronouns Personal
; 80
Demonstrative 83
Interrogative . 85
Verbs 86
Conversational Phrases AND Sentences. (Pages 94-117).

Changing Money 117
Commercial anrl Trading 112
Expressions and Phrases Useful and Necessary Tdiomafcic . 94
Fishing . 111
Health .. 105
Hotel, The 101
Meals 102 -104
Breakfast 102
Dinner 103
Tea .. 104
Monej^ Changing 117
Sinhalese Currency 118
SinhaleseMoney wiith EngUsh and American Equivalen 118
EngUsh and American Money with Sinhalese Equivalent: 118
Notices . 98
Planting 116
Post Office and Telegrams 106
Public Works 113
Railway, The 99
Shooting 110
Shopping 109
Time, The 106
Town, In 107
Money, Weights and Measures I IS. 119
Postal Rates . 119

SINHALESE SELF-TAUGHT.
The Alphabet and Pronunciation.
The modern Sinhalese alphabet contains fifty-four letters,

viz. eighteen vowels and thirty-six consonants.
From these are formed 612 syllabic characters, which
are, with the exception of the anusvdra and the visarga,
combinations of the consonants with the vowels in which
the consonantal character is in some cases slightly modified
in form and has a vowel-sign joined to it.
Strictly speaking, only five primary vowel-sounds in the
Sinhalese language are recognized by Sinhalese grammarians.
They are a, i, u, e, and o. Each of these, however, is
represented by two characters which stand for the long and
the short sound of the vowel respectively, and there are
in addition eight characters representing (1) the modified
sounds ci and ti of short and long «, (2) the Sanskrit letters
^ f
?'? "^ % h
î^^l ^ L aii<^l (3) the diphthongs ai and
au. There are thus eighteen characters in the modern
Sinhalese alphabet which stand for vowel sounds. These
are used in two different ways, that is to say :
(a) Initially, when they are denoted separately by regular

letters ;
(b) Medially, or following and joined to a consonant to
form a syllable, when the vowel is represented by a sign

(in certain instances variable) attached to the consonantal
character, excepting in the case of the vowel a, which is
inherent in the consonant and not indicated by any sign,

it«- ah'ênce being shown either by a looped vertical stroke
(7)
or by a curved one (called in Sanskrit the virdma) attached
to the top of the letter (see pp. 10, 11).
In the following tables, pp. 9-11, the initial and medial
forms of the Sinhalese vowels are given, followed by the
consonants, and to all are added tlieir transliterative (Roman)
characters,and the English phonetic signs by which the
Sinhalese are represented in the third column
sounds
throughout the classified Vocabularies and Conversations of
which this volume chiefly consists.
On pp. 12-17 are the syllabic characters, also in the
Sinhalese and Roman types.
1. Vowels oy panaknru (Skt. prdndksara, *
life-letters ')
Sinhalese characters.
10
2. CoxsovAXTS or (/(itdl-nru (Skt. fiafrdlmra, ^body-letters'):
Sinhalese
characters
11
Sinhalese
characters.
12
The tbllowing table shows liow the eighteen medial-vowel

thereby producing
i
a
a
a
1
13
signs are attached to the foregoing thirty-four consonants,

612 syllabic characters :
I
14
Consonants
!1
15
i
16
-2
c
ai
C
c
17
I
18
Frouiinciation.
'llie recommended to master the pronunciation

student is
at the outset. The precise use and value of each phonetic

sign are shown on pp. 9—11, whicli should be studied
carefully. The following additional explanations will be
of service :
The principles on which Marlborough^s system of

phonetics is based are : (1) the employment of English
characters with their ordinary pronunciation (or one of their
sounds, where more than one) with as sparing a use as
and (2) one sign, one sound.
possible of diacritic signs ;
Where, therefore, a ^
sign ' (i.e. letter or letters) might be
variously sounded —and this applies to each of the English
vowels and some of the consonants — its particular use in
the scheme of phonetics should be carefully noted, and
each sign must always be sounded in the same manner
wherever it occurs {one sign, one sound) ; any letter or
combination of letters printed in distinctive type (italics, &c.)
or with any mark added has a special use which must be
learnt. Thus :
u represents (always and only) the sound of u in cut, bun

u ,5
„
„ „
e in other, filbert
a in father, car
)f a in cat, mat
a in ran, van
i or «/ in pity
ee in meet, or i in routine
u in put, or oo in good
u in rulCy or oo in foot
rl in crick (approximately)
reic in creiv well trilled
li in clip (approximately)
lue in clue „
e in egg, elbow
19
ay represents the sound of a in able, pane (i. e. a simple

sound, not diphthongized)
i „ „ i in mine, or /
o „ ,5 in pot
oh 5, ., in noble
ow „ „ oiv in cotv, noiv
k ,, „ k in kite
if ., ., ckJi in Lockhart (approximately),
i.e. an aspirated k sound
r> ., „ g in regard
g „ 5, gh in foghorn (approximately),
i.e. an aspirated g
n^ ,, „ ng in 5o?2^, i. e. a guttural naâl
c represents (always and only) the sound of cA in church

cli „ „ ,, 55 ch-h in church-huuse
(approximately),i.e.
an aspirate ch sound
J jj 5? 3^ j^ y in jam
j an aspirated y sound
ny represents (always and only) the sound of the Spanish h
or n in cognac (approximately)
t represents (always and only) the sound of
t in two
t aspirated sound, approximately like th in pot-herb

t
d represents (always and only) the sound of d in door

d an aspirated d sound, approximately like dh in adhere
n a cerebral n sound, see Alphabet, p. lo
t_h represents (always and only) the sound of th in with^
thermometer
th represents aspirated t_h sound
th
th
n
20
b represents the sound of b in but

b „ aspirated b sound, approximately like bh m
abhor
m as in English
y ?J
VOCABULARIES.*
The World. {LoJca-visesa.)
Enrlish. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronunciation.
Air Iiulahga, vdtaya h6olii?l//gu, wa///7iuyu

cloud valdkida, mega wulrt/ikoo/u,mayîi
cold sitala, hlta SQetJiulu,heeîi
darkness andura, kaluvara uhÂooru, ku/oowurii
dew pini pini
earth (grou nd) polova po/owu
— (soil) pas pus
East ndgena-hira, purva- nageîu-hirii, poorwu-
fire (jini [desa gini [thay.su.
fog mihidum mihi?//oom

heat rasnaya, mna rusniiyu, oos/mu
light eliya eliyii
lightning ciduUya wi^/<d61iyu
moon hahda huhtlm
moonlight haiida-pdna hunf/m-pa/mu
nature ijatiya, svabdva guî}u swub«/iwii
North utura oolôoru
rain (??.) vdssa wassu
vahi7iavd (past, vm- wuhinuwah (wassa/i)
rainbow dediuma \sdj thaytJiOonnvL
shade sevana, hevana sewCinii, hewunu
sky ahasa uhusu
South dakuna thukoonxi
sun ira, silrya iru, sooryu
thunder giguruina gigooroomu
water vatiira, diya wuôoru, thiju
West hasnd-hira, hata- busna/t-hiru, butu-hiru
wind kandtuva [hira koona/itoowu
Land and Water. [Gocla saha diya.)
Bank (of river, lake) tlraya theerxiyu.

coast verala weruZu
foam pena penu
hill kanda kun(7m
* For the ARTiCL,ES in Sinhalese see p. 72, and for Gendkr see pp. 74-77, anatu
Nouns.
(21)
22
English.
'25
English.
24
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronunciation.
crow kajjutd, kdkkd kupoota/t, kahkUah

dog halld hiiWah
donkey kotaluvd, bfiruvd kotu/oowa/j, hoordbwo/t
duck tdrdvi (m. tdrdvd) thahiahwi (thaJirah^xah)
eagle rdjdliyd vah]ah\iyah
eel diidd ahhthah
elephant dtd (pi. aliyd athah (siththob) uWyah
dttii), ,
feather pihdtta (pi. jnhdtu) piba/ittu (pihaAtoo)

fish mdlii ma// Zoo
fox nariyd (pi. nari) nuriya/t (nuri)
goat eluvd (pi. eluvo) eloowah (eZoowo/t)
— (she-) elii-dena eloothenu
goose pdttayd âhththnyah
hair kes, loma kes, luhmu.
hare hdvd hahvfah
hen kikili kikiZi
herd pattiya puttiyu
hoof kiiraya kooruyu
horn aiif/a (pi. am) nn{igi\, ang
horse (\a^val/3i (pi. asvayo) u.swuyrt// (u.swuyo/i)
lamb bdtalu-ndmbd, batu/oo -nrt // m ha h, ba ui
-
bdtalu-pdtavd Zoo-patuwrt//
lapwing kirald (pi. kirallii) kirula/i (kirulloo)
lion dinhayd singhnyaJi
lobster pokirissd pokirissa/i
mongoose mugatiyd mo6giitiy«/t
monkey vandurd wundoorrt/t
mosquito maduruvd mui/<ooroowrt/i
mouse batu-miyd butoo-meejrt/i
mule <r^vatara^ u.s\viit]inrii
neigh kJiUmava kooluniiw<//i

owl bakamiind bukumooiirt/*
ox (fond {^\. <i<mnu) goiiah (gonnoo)
oysters kdvdtiyd (pi. kdvdti) kah^'a/itiya/i (kr///WY///ti)
parrot (jiravd (ipl.yirai-) gii'uw(/// (giû^s•)
paw îifnja-pddayct) mrgii-iâhthuyu.

peafowl monara{f>\.monarn) moimrah (mo?alroo)
pig urd (pi. ilro) oorah (ooro/j)
pigeon paravi}/d puruwiyrt/j.
prawn issd (pi. 7.S.S0) issaJi (issoA)
quail ratiird (i^l.vatuvo) \vutooNV«// (wiitoowo//)

25
EnKlish.
26
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronnncintion.
betel-creeper bulat-vdla (pi. -vdl) boolu^-walu (-wal)

betel -leaf bulat-kole (pi. -kola) boolu^-kolrt?/ (-kolu)
bouquet wal-pokura mul-pokooru
branch atta (pi. atii) \\thth\\. [uthoo)
bread-frnit tree rata-del-tiaha rutu-Âel-guhu
do. (wild) del-gaha (pi. -gas) t/tel-guhu (-gus)
cabbage kovi ko/iwi
chili jniris miris
cinnamon kurundu koordoii^/ioo
cloves kardbu kura/tboo
cocoanut pol pol
— -palm pol-gaha (pi. -gas) pol-guhu (gus)
cotton -tree iiiihul-gaha imbool-guhu
cotton (silk) kapu kupoo
— (tree) fulun poo/oon
creeper vdla (pi. vdl) walii (wal)
cucumber kdkira (pi. kdkiri) kakiru (kakiri)
date indi ihthi
ebony kaluvara-ll ku/oowurii-lee
fern rilla vdrdlla rillu warallu
fig attikkd uttikk«/i
— (banian) [maha-)nnga-galia (mahu-)noogu-gubu
— (ficus tsiela) d/idtn-gaha ahatoo-guhu
fig-tree atiikkd-gaha uttikkrt/i-guhu
— (sacred) bo -g aha bo/i-guhu
fir-tree devaddra thaywuthahru
flower mala (pi. mal) mulu (mul)
garlic sudu-lunu sootAoo-loonoo
ginger inguru i%gooroo
— (dried) — velicca-inguru w«//liccu-i«^gooro6
— (raw) amu-ingurit, umdo-i?J^goor6o
grapes muddirappalam mooth f /aruppulum
grass tana thiwu
iron wood tree nd-gaha (pi. gas) nrt//guhii (-gus)
jack-tree kos-galia kos-guhu
— -fruit kos-gediija (pi. -(jedi ) kos-gediyu (-gedi)
kernel madai/a (pi. mada) I mi\t/i u Yu (mutJi u)
leaf kole (pi. kola) jkola^ (kolii)
lemon rata-dehi I
rutu-fAehi
lily (water-), lotus nelum, md-nd jneZoom, ma/mel
lime (fruit) dehi I
t/t^h'i
27
English.
28
English.
29
Eneilish.
80
Town and Country. (I^'ura a f^w-Mw raga.)

(For Conversation, see pp. 107— i .1
English. 1
31
English. Sinhalese (ronianized). Pronunciation.
temple (Christian) palliya, devastdnn^ pulliyu, thatiwus>i\iah-

town iiiirara, pura [iia noowuru, pooru [uuyu
— (seaport) ipatima putooiiii
town -hall |
nagarika-sdld va j na/iguriku-srt//!«/<wu
village ijama (pi. gani) gumu (gum)
Mankind. {Nara- vacja.)
Aunt mother-in- naiidd {pl.ndnddld)
; nanf Art// (nan^ // a h la/i)
brother (elder) [law ayijd (pi. ayijdld) nyyaJi (\i\yali\ali)
— (younger) \malll {pl.mallild) mullee (mullilrt//)
— -in-law cousin masdnd
; mussina/i
cousin /^/.y; sister-|;?5«a nana/t
daughter [in-law du, duva['g\. dilvani) thoo, thoown (thoowiivob)
daughter-in-law deli (pi. leliijOj layli (\ay\i\oJi)
lather I'ii/d, appd, tdttd piya/i, upprt//, fJioJithtJjah
father-in-law mdmd (pi. mdmd'.d) m a m a h (ma Inn a h \ali)
father's father muttd mooththah
—- elder brother lohii tdttd, loku ap- lokoo thaJiththali, lokob
— younger brother hd/ipd [pocci brtAppa/i [uppocci
— mother dttd ahththah
— sister ndndd n&iitJtah
— husband nidvid
sister's mahma/i
grand -son munuhurd moonool:oorrt/t
grand- daughter minibiri miiiibiree
husband (Xjpurusayd,) minilid po6roo.s7<uyrt/<, miuihah
husband's sister 7idnd nanah
man minUid (pi. minissu) miniha/i (mini-^sob),
^'purusayd pooroo-b/my^/A
mother rnavu, ammd muwoo, ummfl/i
mother's father muttd jnoofhthah
— mother dttd ahththah
nephew band bana/i
niece leli \ay\i
sister (elder) akkd ukkah
— (younger) namgif naga nanggee, nugah
sister-in-law nana nan«/t
sister's son hand bana/t
son putd ipoothah
son-in-law band banw/i
stepmother kudammd koodumma/i
uncle (maternal) mdmd mahmah
I
32
English. Sinhalese (romanizod). Pronunoiation.
uncle (paternal) hali]l\)ali

widow kanavanduvii (pi. knnuwan^//6bmi (-mi yo//),
-miyo) vandambii
,
-
wan^/aunboo-s^ree
strl
widower kanaviindmnd, viin- k:inuwan///oom(//<, wan-
fiambu-jmrusaifd th uihboo - pooroo.s/; u y a h
widowhood randamhn-kama wan i// uihboo- kiiuiu
wife ambnva bahryaJi,sthvee, iimboowfi
hlidryd, strl,
wife's sister nand nana A
woman stri, gani (pi. ganii) sthree, gani (ga^ôo)
The Human Body. {>

83
English.
84
English. Sinlialese (romanized). PronunclatioB,
blister bibula biboolii

bruise tdluma âZoomu
burn pic cum a [^^yo. piccoomu [liefA-geyu
ciiemist's shop beJu't-sdj)pnva, behecl- behe^.-sa/<ppdowu, be-
chill sltay, sKa^mma seeûyu, see///u-Aveemu
chdcra vamaiut-pdcanaiia wumunu-pa//cunuyii
contagion {see also spardcujen bocena spursuyen boAwenu-
epidemic) rogaija ro/iguyu
corns karagdte {pi. -gdta) kurugata^/ (kurugatii)
cough kdssa ^'^
kassu
cramp kenda-perallma ke;;du-periileemu
cure cikitsdva, siivaya ciki^sa/iwu, soowuyu
deaf deafness
; bihird; bihiri bihira/i bihiri ;
dentist dat-vedd thviih-^NQthah

diarrhoea pdcanaya paAcuuuyii
diet kdma, dhdra kamii, alihahrvL
disease, illness leda, rogai/a ledu, roAgiiNU
doctor vedd, vedardla, dos- v,'ethah, \Yethiivah\u, tJi03-
draught kasdya [tara kusrt/ivu [/i/uru
dumb, dumbness goluvd; golu goloowrt/i ;
goloo
dysentery- atisdraya, le-pdca- uthisahruyu, lrt?/-prt''Cu-
epidemic vasamgataya [nay wusu/7^gu/û\ u [niiyu

exercise parUramaya, purisrumuyu, angu-
dhga-veheskirima wehes-kireemu
to faint kldnta-venavd kla/mû-wenuwa/i
fatigue vehesa wehesu
fever una donvL
— and ague gdhena tina gahenu oo?a"i
— , enteric, typhoid una-sannipdtaya oo??u-sunnipa/<ûyu

— intermittent
, mura-yna mooru-oo/Ri
— malarial
, kdla-una kala-oo/m
fracture kddinia, bangaya kadeemu, hnnggiiyt
«:ôut vdta-raktaya wa It thii V u k thuyu
-
headache isaradaya isu-ru?Aiiyu

ill, sick asanlpa usuneepu
indigestion — ajlrnaya ujeer?myu
inflammation idimuma it/iimoomii
lame nondi nondi
medicine behet behe^
nurse kiri-mavu kiri-muwoo
ointment vilepanaya wilaypunuyii
85
English.
86
English. 1
87
Cooking and Table Utensils.

{Ivlmata da kainata ila pdviccikarana bdjma.)
(For Shopjnng see p. 109.)
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronuneiatior.
Basin besama, taliya ba?/sumu, ûliyu

bowl ])dtraya prtAîuyu
coffee-pot -fiopi-poccii/a koApi-poAcciyii
corkscrew kaskruppura kuskrooppoowu
cup koppaya ko/tppilyu
dish duiya f/ieesiyu
fork ffdrpuva ga/irpoowu
frying-pan badina-tdcciiva bui/dnu-^.rt//CCoowu
glass (tumbler) taDiblertiva, vldii- tumblaj/roowu, weetJioo-
ritva roowu
grill mas pulussana mus pooloossunu massu
kettle ketale [)iidssa ka?/tule
knife pihiye pihiye
ladle kinhsa, loku hdnda kinissu, lokoo hani/tu
lid piyana, mudiya piyunu, moodiyii
matches ini-kuru gini-kooroo
oven uduna oothoonu
pan hatt'iya, tdccuva huttiyu, ^Âccoowu
plate pingdna Y>in[/gaJmi\
— (of leaves) patkolaya pu^-koluyu
saucepan, pot appallaya, sdspana uppulluyii, sa/ispanu
saucer plrisiya peerisiyu
serviette ihdul-kada, at- inf/iool-kudu, u^-pisnaA-
pisnd-kada kudu
spoon hdnda (pi. hdndi) han^/m (hafit/n)
— , dessert- bat-kana-lumda bu^kunu-hanf/iii
— , table- heda7ia-hdnda bei/iunu-hanf/iii
-— , tea- te-hdnda ây-hani/tu
table-cloth mesa-redda, mesa- maysu-ieththu, niaysu-
dtirilla aîrillu
tea-pot te-pocciya /7z.rt?/-po/iCciyu
tray tattuva, bandesiya ûttoowu, buni/i«i/siyu
wine-oflass vdyin-vuluruva wayin-weeÂooroowu
Dress and the Toilet. (Andiim pdlandiim.)

iSee \f'ashi7tg List, followii and Shopping,
Boots us-sapattuva[v] .-till) oos supu^îAoowu
bracelet at v alalia u^t-wulullu [(-tjithob)
braces kalisam-patiya imlisum-putiyii
88
English.
89
English.
40
English.
41
English.
42
English.
48
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pror.uuciation.
farrier Iddam-gahamia laAdum-guhunnrt//

— (veterinary) as-vedd, pasu-vaidya lu-wethah, ])usd6-\\ithyii
fencing- master Jmramba-ddurd hMrnmhu-nthobvah
fisherman was-m arannd, mdlu mus-murunna//, maJdoo-
allannd, kevidd nUunnah, kev>'oola/<
fishmonger mdlii-velendd mahloo-welentliah
florist mal-karu mul-kuroo
fruiterer palatiiru-velendd puliiôoroo-weZent/m/t
goldsmith baddld, ran-karu, hudahlah, run-kuroo,
navandannd nuwunûnna/t
grocer kulii-hadii-velendd, kooloobudoo v,'eleiithah,
sa ra kku- kada-kdia surukkoo-kudu-ka/triiyaA
hatter toppi-sdda7indf [yd ôppi-sa//Âunna/i, ôp-
toppi-velendd [dd pi-we/enf/m/i [thah
ironmonger yakada-badu-velen- yukudu-budoo-weZen-
jeweller dbarana-sddannd, ahhuvwiii-sahtJiunnah,
dbarana-velendd a/ihmwm-welenthah
laundress radavl, redi-nandd ruthvLwee, rethiwdnthah
(politely)
merchant velendd, vydpdrayd weleiithah,wyahipahru.yali
miller iiiola-kdrayd mo/ilu-ka/truya/i [nee
milliner atrl-toppi-vikmiannl s^ree-Zôppi-wikoonan-
money-changer salli-indrukaran?id suUi-ma/irookurunnaA
optician (seller) kannddi -velendd kwi72ahdi-welenthah
painter, decorator sittaid, sarasannd, îtjitjmxah^ surusunna//,
sitiyain-karannd siîyum-kurunn«/i
photographer cdydriipa-Mpiyd chaAyrt/i-roopu-silpiyrt/<
policeman poUs-kdrayd, kostd- polees-ka/truya/^, kos-
pal ^cfApul
porter (carrier) doratu-pdlayd, hara- i/torutoo-pa/iluya/i, buru-
gen ay ana -m inihd ge?iuyunu-miniha7i
postmaster tdpdl-mahatmayd /Jâpal-muhu ^muya/j
printer accugasannd, mu- ucco6gusunnrt/t, moofA-
drdnkana kdrayd
- ra/t72^ku??u-ka/iruyaA
saddler sdda- (or hdda-) sa^M- (ha«M-) sahthun-
sddannd \ndnê nah \nahiis.ay
sshoolmaster guruvarayd, gurim- gooroowuruya/*, gooroon-
servant vdda-kdrayd, seva- wadu-ka/iruyrt//, saywnk-
sapateruvd [kaijd supuâyroowa/i [uy«/<
shoemaker J sapattu-mahannd supu ththoo-m uhunn aA
sommarayd sommuruy«A
44
EngUeh.
45
English. Sinhalese (ronaanized). Prontinciation.
hotel hotalaya, tdndyama ho/ituluyu, ^-a/tn(7//yumft

interpreter tolka-tdna, titppa- /ô/ilku-tânii, ôoppu
key yatura (hiyd yuthooYu [hiyah
landlady lagum-geval-Jidrl, lagoom-gewiil-ka// ree,
tdndyam-kdrl thaJinahyuui-ka/iree
landlord (hotel) hotdl-kdrayd, tdnd- hotal-kaAruya/i, tJiahnah-
yam-kdrayd yiuYi-kaJiriiy all
lavatory vdsikiliya, ata -paya- wasi-ki/iyu, uMu-puyu-
sodana-kdmaraya so/if/mnu-krt/mmruyu
luggage barabaddaia, burubiU/t^/mru, gumun-
yaman-hada-inuttii budoo-inoottoo
office kantoruva kanôAroowu
payment yevlina,padiya geweemii, pudiyu
pier, bridge goda-hahina j)dlaiiia godu-buhinu pa/duma
porter bara adinnd i)uru utJiinuah
railway dum-riya-pdra \ciya ^/iOom-riyu-paArii [ciyu
— -carriage dum-riya, diim-koc- iAoom-riyu, thobm-kohc-
— -station dum-riya-pala fAoom-riyu-pulu
receipt kuvitanHiya, risltta- kooA'i/T/LiDsiyu, riseettoo-
va, iiccittuva wu, ooccittoowu
reins katakaliyd-patiya, kutukuliya/t-putiyu,nrt//s-
nds-lanuva lunoowu
road para, maga pahru, mugu
saddle sddalaya sat/ailuyii
station-master dum-riya-pale pra f/iOom-riyu-pulaT/ puu-
steamer \dniii-ndca [ddniyd i/tdoni-nawii [thahmyah
strap I
hain-patiya hum-putiyu
ticket tunduva, slttuca ôondoowu, seettoowu
tourist gam an-y amid, gumun-yunn«/<, gumun-
-kdrayd, magi yd kahi'iiyah, Tangiyah
train dum-kocciya, diuii- i//6om-ko/tcciyu, thobm-
riya-pela riyu-peZu
voyage ydtrdva, muhudu- yah ihraJiWU, moohoothob-
gamana gumunu
waiter mehekaruvd, scrd- mehekuroowa/i, sayv/u-
kayd, atavdsiyd knyah, uthuwaisiy ah
waiting-room porottiL-sdldva, p oro th thob -sahla /t w u
ndiutl-sitina nawuêe-sitinii kah-
kdmaraya muriiyu
whip kasayOt sabukkuva kusuyii, subookkoowu
46
Commercial and Trading Terms.

.Ganu-ileniL-lcerlni-samhanda racana.)
(lor I'hrascs and Sentences teo pp. 112, 117.)
Account ganana, gay an- ga?iunu, gu?um-putruyu

jjatraija
— current dina-patd ganana thmvL-^nthalt gwnmm
— close
, to ganan-lianidra- guwun huma//ru-kurunu-
haranavd, ganan wa/t, gu?mn-piyunuwrt/i
piyajiavd
— , to settle ganan-hcranard gu?iun-bat/ruDuwaA
— of sale vile unum- ganana wikoo?z oom -gu7c unu
acknowledgment ettugdnima, pili- «2/t^ôoganeemu, piZi-
gdnlrna ganeemu
advance (of money attikdrama, kaltiyd uthtJukaliTmim, kulî-
dun niudala ya/i thoon moofAiilu
advice, letter of ddnum.-dlma, iipa- f/mnoom-Âeemu, oopii-
des-haûna [ya Âes-husoonu [yu
agency kalamandkdra-nila kuZumunrt/i-krt/tru-nilu-
agent kalamandkdra- tana kuZumuna/t-kaAru-ânu
arrangement jdliyda, pilivela piZiyelu, pi/iwe/u
arrears atapasu-vl tibena uûpusoowee îbenu
deya, higa-hitald tliejxx, higu-hitulrtA
tibena ganana îbenu gu« iinii
assets naya-hilav-vastu, nuyu-hiluw-wusôo,
vatkama \s\\thkMi\m
authorize, to balaya denavd, buluyu themwwah, niyoh-
niyoga-karanavd gu kurunuwrt/i
average sdnidny a ganana \ya srtAmaAnyu gu?ainu [yu
balance ituru-ganana, sesa- iôoro6-gU7iunu, sayshu.-
— -sheet ayavdya-lekanaya uyu-wayu-lavkuniiyu
bank bdniknva, unidal- ba/j^koowu, mob/Aul-
bdnddgdraya hahndahgahruyii
bearer darannd,genayannd thwvnnnah, gejmymmah
bill ganan-patraya, iin- guwun-pu^ruyu, oon-
diyal diyul
— of exchange mudal-patraya moof/ml-pu ^ruy u
— of lading vdrndva wahrnahwu
bond, in badu reguve tabd- budoo vaygooway thiihah-
gdnlma ganeemu [badoo
bonded goods reguve tabdgat badu raygoowa^ thuhaJigvith
book-keeper ganan-ligd tabamid, gu;Rin-liy((/i thnhunnah,
ganan-lalrayd guimu-kahruy ah
47
brokerage kalamandhdra- kuZumuna/i-kaAru-gaA-

(jdstuva sôowu
business vada paid, wadupulu, kuZumuna/t-
kala-
mandva, kdn/aija wu, krt/tryuju
buyer niiletafiannd, mila^tugunna/j, ga?zdom-
ganum-kdrayd ka/iruyrt/i
cargo nlivu-ixitacilla, nawoo-patuwillu, nawoo-
7idva-bara buru
carriage (freight) patavili kidiya patuwili-kooliyii
catalogue vattoruva [iiacci wuttoAroowu [wflA
charter a ship, to ndvak knliyata gan- nawuk kooliyutu gunnu-
claim ayitivdsikauhf kiyd uyiîwaAsi-kumu kiya/(
sithiia, illwiia siteemu, illoomu
clerk liymnid, lipi-karurd liyunna/i, lipi-kuroowa/i
commercial travel- r elan (I dm udesd weluni/m/im oothesaJt
ler yaman-karannd gumun-kurunna/i
company, a limited .nmdsahita saind- sumaA-
seema/i-sulii/7?u
gam a [kura gumia [kobwu
contract porondiiva, koitrak poronf//o6wu, kon^ruk-
cost, insurance an- mil ay a, insKaraii^, miliiyii, in-.s/ioouruns,
freight saha plitavili gdatii saha patuwili gahsthob
credit balance vdsl-gana7ia wa/isi-gu?iunu
creditor naya-liimiyd nuyu-himiyo/t [hutJdhu
customs duties tirnva, niudu-hadda theei'o6\YU, moothob-
damages aldbaya, hdniya ula/ihnyu, ha/miyu
— , to claim aldba illum-kara- ulrt/tbu illoom-kurunu-
date diiia, ddtania [iiard Âinii, thalithumn [waA
— , at 3 months' meyin tnn-indaekatu meyin ^d6n-ma/isa?/kiitu
fiasse Tpussay
debit and credit aya-vdya uyu-wayu
debtor naya-kdrayd nuyii-ka/«rriyrt/t
deliver, to hdra-denavd [lada ha/iru-tlienuwah [luf/m
delivered free nomilaye hdradenu- nomiluya?/ ba/iruf/ienoo-
demurrage midamgu-mila midun^goo-milii
director kriyidikdrayd kriy a hthi-hahYujah
discount mudc. ten adukarana mootliulen udookuiunu
jioliya [dal dim a poZiyii [theemu
— ,to poliya adnkara ynu- poZiyu udookuru moo//tul
dividend [dues Idba pamguca lahhn puf75"gdowu
dock and harbour vardbadda wurrt/i huthtJm
irawer (of bill) undiyai-kartr oondiyul kur^r
48
duty (export) \
pita - rat ata arina pitu-rututu urinii budoo-
badu-tJniva /Tzeeroowu
duty-free tiruven nidahaa-vu /T/eeroowen ni£/mhus-woo
duty (import) l>aradesika badii- puru?//«//siku budooêe-
tlruva roowii
duty, liable to tu'Hva (jata-hdid i /êeroowu guû-haki
enclosed adamgu- (or dtul-) udu/ij^goo-kurunu-lu^/zii,
karana-lada a///d61-kurunu-lu^//u
enclosure adamgii-deija ud u nggoo- they II
endorse, to pita-liyanavd, jdta- pitTi-liyunuwrt/j, pitu-ut//-
atsan-karanavd sun-kurunuw«/<
endorsement pita-atsana, pita- pitu-uf/^sunu, pitu-liyu-
liyamana munu
exchange(of money) inarukerwia j
lurt/troo-kereemu
factory karmdnta Mldva, \
ku vniah n tjiu sahlahv^'ii .,
vdda-pattalaija '
wadu-puttuluyu
the firm velanda srniidf/aiiia weZunf/ai suma/igumu
forwarding {badu)yavana,aiin(( (budob) yuwunu, urijiu
— agent [niyama tdnata ba- (uiyumu //?aaiitu budoo)
clii)ya vann a a rinnd
, yuwunnrtA, uri?i.*/f;//
gross weight miihi-bara mo6/oo-buru
guarantee saJiatikaya, dpaya suhuîkuyu, apuyu
I.O.U. 7iaya kdre nuyu-kar«?/
import and export pita ratin genvana pitu-rutin
- genwunii
badu-da, pita-rata- budoo-i/iu, pitu-rutucu
tayavana badu-da yuwunu budoo- Âu
income dddyama, ay a, ahthahymiLiu, uyu, \ak-
Idbhaya buyu
information ddnum-dlma, sdla- i/ianoom-^/teemu, salu-
kirlma, nivedanaya kireemu, niw(ij///ainuyu
insurance upadravdraksaya oopu«/iruwa/Muk-shuyu,
satydpanaya su^yrtApunuyu
— policy upadrardraksaka- oopuf/<ru\Yrt/iruk-s/tuku-
patraija pu^ruyu
— premium iipad ravdra ksaya ta oopuf/iruwa/n"uk-s//uyutu
(jerana nnidala gewunu mooÂiilu
insure against, to upadravaya-ydna 6opu^/<ruwuyu-ga??u su^-
aatydpaua-karana- ya/<pun7\-kurunuwa/t
interest poliya [rd poZiyu
liabilities uayaturaha \
nuyu-ôoruhu
load, to patavanavd i
putuwiinuwa/i
49
loss hdniya, pdduva, ha/miyu, pa/idoowu, ulaJi-

'
aldbaya biiyii
\
manager kalamandkdra- tana kulumuna7i-ka/i7-u-^-anu

Diarket hade, velahddm- kwday, weliintha/mi-
pala, salpila pulu, sul-pilu
— day sal-pil- (pavatvana-) sulpil- (puwu^wunu-)
dina, kada-dina thinu, kiidu-f/iinu
— dues kada-badda kudu-bu^/if/m
— price kada-mila, hadu kudii-milu, budoo-wiki-
vikinena ganana ?ienu-gu?junii
negotiable, saleable mdrukarar/ata-hdki, mf/Zirobkuruguû-haki,
vikiniya-haki wiki??iyu-haki
order (for goods) illiuia, ana-kirlma illeemu, wzu-kireemii
packing adukkinnia, ahirl- udook-kireemu, ahireemu
partnership havidkdra-ka)iia[ma huwoolka/iru-kumu,
jjamyukdra-kama pun^gookrtAru-kumu
payable ffeviyalidki gewiyuhaki
per cent, siyayata siyuyutu
price mila milu
— -list mila-ganan patraya milu-gu?mn-pu ^ruyu
— , net amisra- (tani-) mila umi.sru-milu, ûni-milu
— , wholesale nnilii-vaSayen vikii- moo/oo-wuniyen wikoo-
nana-mila 7zunu-iDilu
property vastuva, depala, wus/Tioowu, tJiayûlii,
idam-kadam idum-kudum
quotation (of price) sandalum karana- sunf/iuhr.n kurunu-lu^//ii
lada mila-yanana milu-gu«unu
ready money at-mudala uth-mdotJiulu
receipt kuvitansiya [liyuma koowi/Ziunsiyu [liyoomu
registered letter rijuta r-ka rana-la da
rij ist iir-kurun u-hu/iu
— tonnage rijistar-karanalada rijistur-kurunu-lu//iu-

bara-pramdnaya buru-pruma/muyu
rent badda, kidiya huththu., kooliyu
retail sillara [nanavd sillurii [?iunuwaA
— , to sell by siUara vasayen vikii silluru-wusuyen wikoo-
settling day ganudenu berana guwdo-t/iendo-brt]/runu
dina thinu
share painguva, kotasa pu/j^goowu, kotusu
ship, to [hadu) ndvata pata (budoo) nawutu putii*
vanavd, (badii) wunuwÂ, (budoo)
ndven arinavd nawen unnuwah
Sinhalese S.-T.
60
English. Sinhalese (romanized). i

Pronnnciat'on.
shipping charges nav-f/dstuva naw-ga/<s//ioowu

— house ndvvalin badn arina nawwulin bud 06 urmu
mmdgama snma/igiimu
solvent naija (jeviya hdki nuyu geviyu haki
stock miildana, jiarifana mobl/Aunu, puripu7ai
stock -exchange paripana-vijdpdra- p u r p u w u - w ya h âh r u -
i
trade relaiiddma [sdldi'a we/un tJuth m 11 [mJilahwu

under-writer upadrai'draksakayd oop uthY\\wah r uk.s7/u ku -
wharf totamuna ôtiimoonu [yah

wharfage totamim-f/dMuva thotiimd6ii-ga]tsthob\\ u
wholesale miilu-rasai/en !
mooZoo-wusuyen
Correspondence. [Lii/iim huvamarma.)
(See also sfc following.)
Address nama-tjama numu gumii

— , to liyuma pita )iama liyoomu-pitu niiraii-
gama liyanavd [ddsi gumu-liyunuwrtA \thalis\
blotting-paper tlnta -povana- hada //icen?7iu-powunu-kiidri-

-
envelope liyum-vds))m,liyiiui- liyoom-wasmii, liyooiu-

mk tinta [nraya theeutjivi [ooruyu
letter, note liyuma^ liyaviUa liyoomii, liyiiwiriu
— -box liyum-petthja liyoom-pettiyu
note-paper liyana-kadaddd liyunii-kudu^/<<:.'Asi
— sheet of
, liyana-kadaddsi-Jco- 1iyimii-kudu^//<if/i3i-kolu-
pen (nib) pana-talaya [lay a panu-ûluyu [yu
penholder pan a, pana-kura panii,prmu-kooru
pencil pdnsalaya pansuluyu
penknife pdnamas-pihiye panum us-pihiy(7 //
seal mudraya moothi'iiyii

sealing-wax {inndra) Idkada {moothru) k/tkudu
signature at Sana ntjisunii
write, to liyanavd liyunuwa/i
writing livlina, liyavilla liweemu, liyuwillu
hand-writing at-akiiru u^-ukooroo
writinff-desk liyanapettiya, liyiinu-pettiyu, liyimu-
liyana-mesaya ma?/siayu
Post-office and Telegrams. {Tdpdl saha viduli-puvat (/dim.)

(For Conversations see p. 106; Postal Rales, p. 120.)
Book post \pot-tdpdla po^-âpalii

letter post Myum-tdpala liyoom-âpaJu
money order \tdpdl-undiyala, ^yâpal-oondiyulii, ^//apal
'
Uipdi-mndal-pata mdo?/tul-puîi
61
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Proniinciatlon.
newspaper wrapper puvat-pat-nraya, poownf/i pu^-obriiyu,

dramci-patra-dava- aJiiungC^-'p\'ithvi\-t/m-
tana kadaddsiya wutunvi kuduf/â/tsiyu
parcel post hadii-(jt'nayan(i tripa- budoo-genuyunu Mapalii,
pdrRal-tapala
la, prt/irsul-âpalii
postage paid tdpdl-gd^tHva rjeva- âpal-ga/is/Tzoowii ge-
na ladl wunii hithee
postage stamp tdpal-mudraya âpal-mdoi/(ruyii
postal (pillar-) box tdpdl-pettiya, idpdl- âpal-pettiyu, âpal-
kanu-pettiya ku?<o6-petiiyu
postman tdpdl-kdraya , iiyioii âpal-krt/truya/t, liyoom-
bedannd hethunnah
postmaster tdpdl-mahatmayd //lapal-miihu^muya/i
post-office tdpdl-kantoruva âpal kun thohroown
-
register (a letter), to riji>tar karanavd rijistur kuriinuwa/i

reply paid uttara-gdstuva geva- do ththiivii-gah< tho6\yi\
na ladl [patraya gewunu Inthee [pii^ruyu
telegraph form viduli-puvat-liyana wif//ooli-po6wu/^-liyaiia
— messenger vidull-pn vat-dutayd \vit//ooli-poowu^-f/<oo-
telephone dilra-sabdana- f/<ooru-subtAunii- [thiiyah
yantraya [tayi yiin^ruyu [tîyi
to be called for illana turn tahoii- illimuôoroo ûbun-
Shooting, Fishing, &c.

{Dadayam. mas-mdrwi ddiya samhanda vacana.)
,
(For Conversations see pp. 110—112.)
Axe, hatchet porava, at-porava, poruwu, u^-poriiwu,

kdtta k&ththii
bait ; to bait dwa: dwa-danianavd amu amu-f/tumunuwa/t;
bite,a hdpltiia, hapd-kama hapeemu, hupa/i-kamu

boat (canoe) oruva oroowu
— (wide), punt pdruva prtAroowu
boat-hook pdru-kekka paAroo-kekku
boat (o>-putit) pole pdru-rita pa/iroo-ritu
boatman oru-kdrayd, pdni- oroo-krtAruyaA, pa/troo-
kdrayd,orU'padmnd kahruyah, ord6-pu^//in-
breech (of a gun) tuvakku-valla ôowukkoo-wullii [nah
bullet imdaya, mundaya donduyu, moondiiyu
cartridge extractor pataron ddaijanna puûron aMiigunnu a/i-
cartridges patarnn [dyndaya im th \i ro n [

\- ootJi n y u
cord <'string) lanuva iunoowd

English.
53
sportsman
S4
English. Sinhalese (romauized).

55
English.
56
EtiKlish.
67
English, Sinhalese (romauized). Pronunciation.
foolish anuvana, moda [ka unoowunii, mo/idii

foreign pita-7'ata ,]mra-desi- pitii-rutu, piiru-f/m?/.siku
free nidahas, nobahdi ni^Mhus, noban//?i
fresh alut, amiitu uloo^, VLmobthoo
— (of water) miri-diya miri-Miyu
full pilrna,2nrima, m tilii
poor?tu, piroo^/u, moo/oo
funny vihilnvu, samaccahu wihilobwoo,sumucculwoo
general, customary sdindnya, siritvu sa/ima/myu, siri^woo
glad satutuj prasanna suôotoo, priisunnu
good hohda, mand, yalia- honi/iu,munfl/j,yuhupn^
great loku, mahat [pat lokoo, muhu^
hard (solid) dddi, tada f/tadi, thuthxL
heavy baravu buruwoo [woo
high usvu, lhatvu, Hsasvil doswoo, ihu^woo, oosns-
honest avamka, satyavddi uwu/j^ku, suthysiwahthi
hot unit, ratvil donoo, ru^woo
hungry bada-ginivil budu-giniwoo
idle alasa, kamnidli, ulusu, kummali, nikum-
nikam-tibeyia îbenu
important vddagat, harapatala wafMgu^, burupuûlu
impossible nupuliivan-vil, bdri noopooZoowun-woo,
vu, asakya bariwoo, usukyii
inconvenient upuhusoo, n6osoo^//oo-oo,
apahasii, nusiidusii,
idapddu madi-vu idiiprtAdoo muiAi-woo
just (equitable) hari, sdddrana, huri, sahthahrunii,
darniya [bar a thuvmyn
kind karundvaiita dayd- kuroona/iwunû, thnyah-
lame kora, nondi koru, nondi [buru
late prauidda-vu prumfl/i^/iu-woo
— (recent) nobodd nohohthah
left vam wum
light (in weight) sdhdllu, lagii sahalloo, lugoo
little (small) kiidd, puinci koodah, pa/?^ci
lonely tanivil, udakaldvu //iuniwoo, 6bMukulrt//woo
long dikvfi, dingu thikwoo, tJiin(/-gob
loose bund, lihundvu boorool, iihoona/iwoo
many boho, noyek hohoh, noyek
more tava, vadd /i[uwu, wadah
much boJio, adika boho//, u^/iiku
narrow patu putoo
necessary ava^ya, onUmavH UW Llsy Ll, o/l IKIUIU-WOO
58
next a nit, ilaw/a uni^, eelun^gu

old (of things) par ana puru/2U
— (of persons) ndki, malialu [pita n<7/<ki, muhuloo
opposite idiripita, issaraha- if/iiripitvi, issuruhupitu
other vena, anit [ijana wenu, wmth [yunu
painful vedand sahita, kaki- ^âytJixmaJi suhiû, kuki-
poor duppat, d Hindu f/<ooppu^, thilihthoo
pretty kadima, kamanlya, kuf/iimu, kumuneeyu,
sundara, laksana soonÂurii, luk.s7/u«u
pure ûdda, nirmala sooththu, nirmulu
quick ikman, kadisara ikmun, kudisurii
quiet niscala, samsun ni.sculu, sufl^soon
rare durlaba, anagi f/ioorlubu, unugi
raw amu umoo
real sdbd, satya saba, su^yu
rich pohosat, danavat pohosu^, thunmYuth
right (proper) hari, nisi, rju hurl, nisi, ?-joo
ripe (of fruit) pdsunu, pdhicca, pasoouoo, pahiccu,
idicca [hiri if/iiccu [hiri
rough ralu, ruduru, ami- ruZoo, rooÂooroo, umi-
round vatakuru vvutukooroo
safe nir-upadra va,surak- nir-oopufAriiwu, soornk-
3ame ema [sita emu [shithu
shallow ildmburu nati ganibooroo naî
short (in length) kota kotu
— (in height) niiti miti
sleepy budi}natvu, nidi- booÂimu^woo, nitki-
matm muÂwoo
slov,' mayidaj hemin niuniAu, hemin (yunu),
(yana), pramdda prumaAi/m
small kudd, punici, sulil koodrtA, -pobngci, sooloo
soft molok, mrdu \yena molok, mrtJiob [wenii
sorry kanagdtu, diik, td- ku7?ugrtAtdo, thobk, thu-
sour dmbulf pdngiri ambool, pangiri
special vtsesa, niyama wisayshu, niyumu
square hatards, satara-kon haûras, suûrii-kon
straight ddandti, rju,aranko a^/mnati, ?-ioo, uwun//ku
strange apurva, }iuduma, upoorwu, pdoÂoomii,
ndndunana naAnÂoonunu
strong balavat, cdra-dti, buluwufA, waru-aî, saru
stupid )nuda, takatini {adra moAdii, thukuthirob
69
English. (
60
jnli-f/annavd (pret. piî-gunnuw(//t {-guththah)

To accept -ffattcl) [thah)
eWi-gannavd (-c/attd) aythtjioo-guuimwah {-guth-
add eka tii-lm ran avd{ -ha Id) ekuôo-kurunuwaA (ImâA)
ida-armard (-driyd) idu-nri//uwrt/< (-ariya/i)
allow
(permit) acaâra-deuavd uwiisuru-Âenuwa/i {-tlidon-
{-dinwd) [nd) naJi.) [nah)
answer uttara-denavd {-dun doththm-ii-tlieumxah {-thoon-
(reply)
pilituru-denavd iîlifhoorob-thenvLwah
(be responsible:
vacia-kiyanavd {-klvd) wugu-kiyunuwa/i (-keewW/)
appear penenacd [penund) penenuwo/i (penoonaA)
piltct'lata tahanavd pi/iweZutu thuhunwah {thsi-
arrange
(in a row) (tdbuvd) bo6wa/<)
(put in order)
sakas karanavd(-kald) sukus-kiiruniiwaA {-kulah)
arrive pa ni-inenavd {-unimd) pam-inenuw«/i {-obnoonah)
— at Henda-venavd (-vimd) saynthoo-wenuwah (-woona/i)
(reach lahgd-venavd
>
luTiggah-weimwah
ask (question) ahanavd (ahiivd) uhunuwa/t (ahoowrt/i)
(Inquire) vied ranard {-ruvd) wic«/i-rTinuw(7// (-roow«//)
ask for illanavd {illuvd) illiinuwfl/i (illoowa/*)
(beseech) ayadinavd (ayaducd, uyvithmmYah {nyiithoowah,

aydddd) njSitJithaJi)
upakdra-karana rd oopukrt A ru - k iirunu w«' h
(-kald) ^{-Imlah)
assist
udav-venava (-vtind) ooi/tuw-wenuwa/i {-^voonaJi)
^
pi]iita-venavd{-nind) pihitu-wenuwrt// {-^Y^6nah)
bark huranavd (Inruvd) boorunuwaA (biroowrt/i)
bathe nana I'd (ndcd) nahnmyah (iiawrt/i)
beat f/ahaiiara {gdhurd) guhiiniiwa/i (gaboowa/*)
(flog, &c.>
talanavd {tdlnvd) thuliinuvfah (I/?a/oowa/i) •
ladinavd {vddand) wuf/anuw«/< {-Yvathobnah)

(strike, of clocli)
tatUi-venavd (-viiiid) ûttoo-weniiwaA {-woonah)
(knock, ringi, ir.
tatti( -karanavd{-ka Id /7/uttoo-kuruiiuwa/t {-kulah)
become venavd (ytind) wenuwrt/i {-woonah) [thah]
begin patan-yannavdi-yatfd) putim-giminiwrt/< (-gu^-
believe vificdxa-karanavd w swrt // sii k li I'u n u w</ //
i -
(trust)
adahanavd (ddaJiuvd) uf//uhunii wa/i {at/aihoowaJi)
bend nainanavd {nd)ni(vd) niimuninvrt/; (namoowrtA)
(make crooliCHli
. dda-kaianavd {-kald) af/.'U-kiiruDiiwc/A {kiilalt)
bite (] Jiapaiiard {/it'ipiird) bupunuwrtA (hapoowaA)
(and eat u Jiapd-kanavd {-kdrd) hnp(/A-kunii\vrt// (-kawa/t)
61
English. I Sinhalese (romanized). PronunciaHon.
fcoboil(liciuids), f\natanavd (natitva) nutiiiraw(Y/i (natoowrtA)

inlr.
y utiiranavd {ittiruvd) oo/i/cTorunuwr/// (i/ôoroo-
wali) [wait)
fcabbage,&c.), ir.
tamhanavd {tdiiilmrd] /// uml)unuwa/< {tjiiu n b(5o-
— , i7itr. tinnbenavd (tdmbimd] ijiix.rnhenm\ah{th\ inbobnaA)
break, tr. kadanava [kdduvd) kudiuiuwrt/i (kadd6\v«A)
(brittle things)
bindinavd (bindd) binÂinuw«/i (binÂa/<)
— , intr.
hddenavd {kddinid)
b ihdena vd (b indun a)
kadenuwa/i (kadoona/i)
hihtheniiwah {hihthobnah)
bring f/menard (gendvd) gerionuwah {genahwalt)
gnda-vaganavd {-nd godu-nugunuwrtA (-nagoo-
build
iinvd) [tew a Wrt/t) [tevvwaA)
(establish)
piJdtuvan a vd (pih i- pihitoo - wunuwa// ( pihi-
buy mileta gannavd mila^tu gunnuwa/i (gu^-

(gattd) thah)
call ahda-gahanavd undu-guhuniiwa/t (-gahoo-
(-gdhuvd) [deiwd wa/t) [wall)
(summon, in-
vite) kimdavanavd {kdh kaniA uw unu W(r/ h (kan t/iew -
carry gena-yanavd {-giyd) ge?iu-yunuwrt/i {-g'lyah)
change, tr. vt')ias-karanava[-kald) v\ênus-kiirunuwaA {-kulah)
(exchange) mdru-karanava mnf Aroo- kiirfmu wa A
venas-venavd (^-vimd) wenus- wenuwa/t (- woowah)
, vitr.
)ndnL-venavd mahioo- wenuwa/i
choose toranavd {teriivd) thohvanijLwah {tjiayvobwah)
(pick out) tord-cjannavd {-gattd) tjidhva -gun nuwrt h (-gu iJi
climb naginavd (ndggd) imghmwah {nSbggaJi) [thah)
close vahanavd (vdhuvd) \\ulmnm\ali (walio6w«/<)
(block up) aliuranavd [dhuruvd) uhoorunuwa/f (ahooroowaA)
collect, tr. rds-karanava ras-kurunuwrt//
(gather) ekatn-karanavd eku /Ado -kuriiD uwa A
come enavd (dvd) enviwaJi {ahwaii)
elam-benavd {-bund) elum-benuwoA (-boonaA)
(honoriflc) yahapat-venacd y uhupu ^- Yv enu wrt A
(-vund) (-woonaA)
vadinavd {-vddiijd) wudinuwaA (wadiyaA)
consent j
ekanga-venavd {-vund) ekun^gu-weniiwaA(-woouaA)
\
fsaminata-veîaid summuû-wenuwaA
cough kahinavd {kdssd) kuhinuwaA (kassaA)
count ganinavd {gdnnd) gu?iinuwaA (gannaA)
(audit) ganan-balanavd guwun-bulunuwaA (-baloo-
{-bdluvd) waA)
to cut kapana vd {kdpuvd) kupiiuuwa/t (kapoowaA)

niicaya-karanava niscuyu-kurunuwa/f
decide
i'kald) i-kulah)
(terminate)
tlnda-karanavd theenthoo-kxivu.n\i\Yah
die miirenavd [mar una) marenuw<2/i (maroona/i)
(perish! nasinavd {ncisund) nusimiwa/t (nasoonrt/t)
dismiss paha-karanavd p uhu- kiirun uwa h
(remove) ahak-karanavd uh u k- kurunii wd/t
divide bedanavd (becluvd) hethmmwah (hethoowah)
do karanavd (kald) kurunuwa/i (kulah)
— , make sddanavd [saduvd) sahthmm^Nah (sSLthobwah)
doubt (suspect) f sdka-karanavd (kald) saku-kurunuwa/i (-knlah)
(not sure) v anumdna-karanavd unooma/inu-kurunuwa/i
kina-dakinavd {-ddk- heenn-tlmkinxLwah {-th&k-
dream kd) [97 d) kah) [nah)
hma-penenavd {penu- heenu-pe7?eniiw«/i (penoo-
drink bonavd (bird) boniiwrt/t (beewa/t)
drive (anlmal) dakkanavd [ddkkuvd) iAukkiinuwa/i (tha.kkoo'wah)
drive away elavanavd (elevvd) eluwunuwa/t (elewwa/i)
(expel) nera-panavd (-puvd) neru-punuwa/i (-poowa/i)
dry, «r. velanavd (veliivd) wai/lunuvva/i (wayloowa/i)
--, intr. velenavd (velund) waylenuwah (wa^/loona/i)
dry up hindenavd (hindiind) hmthenuwah [hmthoonah)
eat kmiavd (kavd) kunuwrt//. (kawa/i)
valah-danavd {-diivd) wu/un-tAuniiwa/t {-thoowah)
(houoriflcally)
sappdyam-venavd suppaAyu/i^-wenuwa/t
,, -karanavd supp«/<yu/j^-kurunuwa/i
explain tord-denavd (-dunnd) thoJivah-thenuwah {-thoon-
(describe) ka rayiavd
vista ra - wisîiru-kurunuwa/i [nah)
kldnta-venavd (-vund) klaJinthii-wenvLwah (-\\o6-
faint
ma Idnika-veiiavd muZa/miku-wenuwa/i [nah)
fall vdtenavd (vat and) watenuwa/< (watoonrt/i)
lower)
(to
pahat-karanavd pubu^-kurunuwa/i
(to descend)
bahinavd (bdssd) buhinuwa/i (bassa/i)
fill, tr, puravanavd hnrevvd) pooruwunuwa/i (pireww?//*)
— , intr. pirenavd (pirund) pirenuwflf/i (piroona//)
find, tr. soyd i/annavd {(/attd) soya/i gunnuwa/i. (gi'^tjlthah)
iinish tlndii-, ivara-, nima- tjieent.uoo-, iwuru-, nimu-
karanavd kuruDuwa/t
fly piydsara-karana vd piya/isurii-kiirunuw«/t
piydmbanavd (
pi- piyrt//mbunuwa/i (piyambaA)
[ydmbd)
to follow / pasisc-'ijanavd (
jiyd) pu3sa//-yuniiwrt/i (-giy^/')
anuva yanavd I
unoo A u-yunuwa/i
forget mataka nd'i venavd mu/7/uku nat/?i wenuwrtA
forgive, tr. kamd-karanaid kumrt/i-kuriinuw^«/i
gain, win j dinanavd idinuvd) tlimwnwwali (t/anoow'///)
I,
dind ganiiavd {-gattd) thmali gunnuwa/i {guthtjri/i)
gather ekkdsu- rds-ka ran a vd ekka/tsoo-, ras-kuriinuwrt/i
,
get, obtain (ahd-gannard luba/t-gunnuwa/i

get up i nd(jitmavd(7idgidund) nagitinuwa/i (nagootoona/i)
naginacd (ndggd) nuginuw«A (nagga/i)
give denavd (dannd) theimvfah {thoonnah)
go yanavd (gigd) yunuwa/i {gijah)
guide mag a penvanavd mugu-penwunuwa/i (-pen-
(pennnvd) noowa/i)
hang, tr. ellanavd {elliivd) elluniiwaA (elloowa/i)
— , intr. ellenavd (ellund) ellenuwcf/i (elldona/i)
have tibenavd (tibund) îbenuwa/i (îboonaA)
hear dhenavd {lihnnd) ahenuwa/i (ahoona/t)
help upakdra-karanard oopukaAru-kurunuwrt/<
hire k u liya ta ga nna vd kooliyutii gnnim^vah {gnth-
{gattd) thaJi)
hit, tr. gahauavd (gdhnrd) guhunuwa/i (gahoowa//)
hold allanavd {cilluvd) ullunuwrt/« (alloowrt/<)
alia gaiinai'd {gattd) wWali gunnuwflA {gutJithaJi)
interpret toika - kiya navd {-klvd) ô/ilku kiyunu\vrt/t(-keewrt//)
invite drddand-karanavd a h vah th \niak-k\\ run u wa7i
dm a n ranaya-karana- a/anun^ru??uyii-kuriinuw«A
t
join, tr, saudi-karanacd \yd\ sun/Zii-kurunuwff/*

imttu-karanavd poottdo-kuriiniiwrt/i
— , intr. pilttu-venavd
I
poottoo-wenuwa/i
keep tabd gamiavd thihah gunnuwa/i
maranavd {maruvd) murunuw«/i (maroowa/t)
kill
prdna-lidni-karanavd pra/mu-h«/mi-kuruniiwaA
knock at tattu-karanavd iûttoo-kuriinuwrtA
know da n na vd {ddna gattd) f/iunniiwa/i {tha,niignththah)
— (a person) awbuiana vd {dndunu- uni/<6onunuwa/i (anf/ioonoo-
laugh hinaha-venavd [vd) hinuhu-wenuw6r/t [wah)
learn igena-gannavd igenu-gunnuwah
lend(money) nayata denavd{diinnd) nuyutu thenuwah {thoonn&h)
—(things) kalakata denavd kulukutu theuHwah
lie down hdnsi-, digd- venavd ha^nsi-, t/aga A- wenuwa/t
64
English. Sinhalese (romanized). | Pronunciation.
to lift, raise (a usmnavd (isswd) oossuniiwfi/i (issoowa//)

thing)
(eyes, &c.) osavana vd {isnvii rd) osu V, un u w<? h (i soo won wa h
lijjhfc (lamp, pattii-karanard pu iJi f// 00- kuriinuwrt A
live [fire) jirat-veudvd j ee w u ^- wenuwaA
— , reside vdmya-lmrana vd wrtAsuyu-kurunuwrt/t
lock af/nl-la7iavd {-lavd) ugool-lun u wall ( - law a h
look at halanavd (biiliivd) bulunuwaA (baloowrt/i)
look for soyanavd (aervd) soyunu\V(7/i (sew wait)
(expect) bald siti)tard {sitij/d) hnlah sitmxLwah {sitiyaJi)
lose ndti-voiavd (-vinid) nsbthi-wenmwah (-wobnah)
love del are venavd ahtlmray'^Yennwah
sddanavd (saduvd) saltthmmwah [fâJitlioowa/i
make J
1
hadanavd (lidduvd) huf//iinuwr/A (ba^//oowa//)
manage kalamand-karanavd kii/iimnna/i-kurnnuwaA
mend (repair) j alut-vddhjd-karanavd ulo6^-wadiy«/i-kuru?iuwfl/<
(put right) 1 harigassanavd {Jiari- huri-gussuniiwa/i (-gassoo-
f/dssuvd) wa/t)
mistake ra a din a rd
) (ydrad u- Viiirut/iiimwah (waruÂoo-
nd) nah)
mix, tr. misra-, kalavam- misru-, kuluwum-kurunu-
karanard wah
move, tr. ahak-karanavd uhuk-kurunuwa/i
— shake
, solavanavd [selevvd) soluwunuwa/i (selewwa/i)
ohject viriidda-venard wirooi//Y/iii-wenuwa A
(to be against)
pudanavd (pidnrd) poof/mnuwa/t (pifhoowah)
offer /
opint-karanavd oppoo-kurunuwâA
open, tr. arinard {driyd) urinuwa/i (sbviyah)
— , intr. arcuavd (driivd) arenuwrt/i (aroona/i)
order aiia-haranavd U7iu-kuruniiwa/t
pack (tie up in m iti bahdin avd (ban dd) miti bunf/anuwa/i (hsinthah)
a bundle)
— (In a box) aduk-karanavd udook-kurunuwa/t
pay gcvanavd {gcvvd) gewunuw«/< (gewwa/t)
perspire dddiya-danmnard dahthiyii-tJi amiinii wa/j,
(-dam ma) {-thiimmah)
pick up / avulanavd (dvtduvd) u^vooIimiiw(7/t (awoolo6w« A
dhindin a rd (dhindd) ah i thinmya It (ah tii ah )
i
play i
sell am karanard sellum-kurunii'\\Y//i
pour vakkaranavd {rdkku- wnkkurunuwrt/t (wakkoordo-
I
I riivd, rakkald) wah, \\\\kk\\lah)

66
to prepare inliyela-, sudanam- ipiZiyeZu-, ôothalmmn-

karanavd [kuva\ kurunuwa/t [w«/i)
prevent valakvanavd (valak- wuluk-wunuwa/i (walakkoo-
i
porondu-vetiai'd poroni//oo-wenuwa/i
promise \
baha-denavd {-dunnd)hvi\m-t1iQri\VNah (-thoonnah)

pull adinava {dd,ld) Inthmnwah {aththah)
push tallu-karanavd ûUoo-Kurunuwrt/i
,
tahanavd (tdbtird) thwhxmviVfah {tha.ho6wah)

j
put, place tiyanavd {tinivd) ithiyuniiwah (thiwoosvah)

damanavd {ddiinicd) \th\imiinxLwah {thumoowah)
put off (time) kal-damanava (damn- !kul-(/mmiinuwa/t {-thamdo-
rain vahinavd {vdfisd) [rd)iwuhinuwa/i (wass«/t) [\va/*
read kiyavanavd {kii/ err a). kiyuwanuwah (kiyewwa/t)
receive labanavd (Idburd) |lubunuwa/i (laboowa/t)
— , accept pili-, bdra-gannavd jpi/i-, b«Aru-gunnuwa/t
remain, stay ndvatl sitinava nawuêe sitinuwa/i
porottu-, natara- jporo^ôo-, nuûru-
venavd wenuwa/i
\
siliipat-kara-fjanna I'd sihipu^-kuru-gunnuwa/t

'
remember
matak-, sihi-venavd imuûk-, sihi-\venuwa/t
rest (become niscala-venavd nisciilu-wenuwa/t
quiet)
I
— giman-arinavd jgimun-urinuwa/t (-ariya/t)

(from fatigue)
{driya) I
return (tum hdrl-yanavd {-(jiyd) haree-yunuw«/i {-giyah)

back and go) I
— (to come back)

hdri enavd {dvd) ;
haree enuwa/i {ahwah)
ring (bell, {slnuva, &c.) tattu '
^ûttoo-kurunuwa/i
&c.) karanavd
run duvanavd {divnrd) thoowmmwah (thhvoowah)
save galavanavd {;id'evrd) guluwunuw«/< (galewwa//)
mudanavd (inidnvd) moo^/mnuwa/i (iniÂoowaA)
say kiyanavd (kivd) kiyunuwrt/i (keewrtA)
dakinavd (ddkkd) thukinusvah tJmkkah
see
penenavd {penund) penenuwa/i (penoona/t)
evanavd^^ {evuvd) ewunuwa/i (ewoowrt/t)
send yavanavdi {ydvuvd) yuwunuwa/i (yawoowa/t)
arinavd\ (driyd) urinuwa/t (ariya//)
sew maJianavd {indJuicd) muhunuwa/i (mahoowaA)
shave rdviila-kapanavdy rawoolu-kupunuwrtA, -hah*
(beard) -bdnavd (rdvida- nuwa/^ (rawoolu-kapoo-
kdpuvd, -bdvd) wah, -bawrtA)
• I'o the Idt or :ûd person. 1 To tlie 3rd persoo.
Sinhalese S.-T.
Enpl'sh. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronunciation.
to shave isa-hu(jdnavd{-huyavd) isii-booga/muwa^ (-booga-

(head) isa-mudu-karanavd is?7'-moodoo-kurunuwa7? [wa/i)
shine habalanavdipcibaluvd) b u bull! n u ah ( babuloo wa/*
— ,
glitter dili-henavd (-/umd) thiYi-heumvah {-hoonah)
penvanard [jwnnuvd) penwuniiwt//i (pennoowaA)
show
(lakrana vd [dakkuvd) f/aikwunuwaA («Aakkoowa/i)
shut, cover vahanavd [vdhavd) \vuhiinuwa/« (waboowa/t)
— close
, piyanavd (picnvd) piyuniiwrt/t (piwoowYz/t)
sing (of per- sindu-kiijanavd{-klvd) siuMd6-kiyunuwa/t(-keewa/t)
sons) karanava
(jltikd geethikah kurunuwa/i
(of birds) ndda-karanara nahiAu-kiirunuwa/i
inda-gannavd int/m-guhnuwrtA
sit
vddi-venavu wa/tdi-wenoowfl/t
nidd-gannavd(-!/attd) mtluih-ûnnmYaJti-gutJithah)
hudhjanavd boo^/ayuniiw«/i [yvah)
smoke (cig- suruttii-hona vd (-bird) sooroottoo-bonuwa//, (bee-
sneeze [ars) kim-bildnavd (-bism) kim-biliinuwrt/i (-biss(//<)
sow vapuranavd {vdpn- wupoorunuwaA (wapooioo-

ruvd) wa/i)
spend viyadain-karanavd wiyu^//um kurunuwaA
stand ndgita-Jiitwavd{-hiti- nagitu-bitinuwrt/i [-hitiy ah)
start, set out /dtat-venavd \t/d) pitu^-wenuwrtA
steal ho -a ka m-karana va
} horukum-kuriinuwaA
stop, tl'. navatvanavd {ndvdt- nuwu^-wunuwaA (nawu//^-
tuvd) [vd thoowah) [wah
— , intr. navatinavd, toracena- ninvu/7tinuw«A, thovuwenu-
— , close aliuranard {aJiiwuva) uhoorunuwaA (ahooroowa//)
swim plnanavd [pinurd) peenuniiwrt/i (penoowaA)
take gannavd (gattd) gunnuwa/i (guththah)
katd-karanavd kuth(//t-kurunu\va/i
talk, speak /
dodanavd (dedurd) thodmmwah (thedoowah)
tear iranavd {iriivd) irunuwrt// (iroowrt/i)
tell, relate kiyanavd (kird) kiyuiiuwa/t (keewah)
thank stuti-karanavd stJidoth'i-km'Vinmyah
think hitanavd {hituvd) hitjiunuwah (hi tjidow ah)
kalpand-karanavd kulpuna/i-kurunuwa/i
throw visi-karanavd wisi-kurunuwrt/t
tie baiidinavd (bdndd) bun«/iinuwa/t (hiiuthah)
touch atagdnavd {atayard) uûga/muwa/t (uûgaw«/<)
gaman-karanavd gumun-kuriinuwa/i
travel
gaman-yanavd {-giyd) gumun-yunuwct/i (-giy^'O
67
English. I
Sinhalese (romanized). I Pronunciation.
to try \vayam-, utsdha- wayum- oo^/isa/<hu-kurunu-

karanavd wa/t
turn, t7- haravanavd (hdrevvd) huruwunuwaA (harewwa/j)
karakavanavd (kara- kurukuwunuwa/i (kuru-
kdvvd) kawwa/i)
hdrenavd {hdrund) harenuwa/t (haroona/t)
turn, intr. per a len avd [peralund perutenuwa/i (peru/oona/i)
karakd-venavd(-vunci)\^\XTXikd,-yfQXi\râh (-woona*^^
ternm. gannava thayvoom.-gunnu'wah
understand terenavd (tentnd) thayrenuwah {thayYoonah)
terum yanavd thayvo6m.-y\in-dwah
use pdviccikarana vd pa/twicci-kurunuwa/t
ndva tlsitina vd (sitiyd) nawuêe sitinuwa/i(sitiya/j)
wait
porottu-venaid I
poro^ôo-wenuwa/i
dvidinavd (dviddd) awii/dniiwa/i {3,withthah)
walk
sahnam-karanavd sukmu/i^-kurunuwa/i
want ona-karanavd,-venavd (j/ma-kurunuwaA, -wenuw«//
watch baldgannavd bula/i-gunnuwa/i
— ,
guard rdka-sitinavd raku-sitinuwrt/i
wear, put andinavd (dndd) [da u?l^/tinuwa/i [smthah)
on, tr. palandinavd (/idldu- puluntAinuw«/i (paZanf //«/<)
(by rubbing), gevenavd [gevimd) gewenuwa/t (gewoona//)
intr.
\gevi yanavd gewee yunuwa/t
weigh, tr. kiranavd (kiriivd) kirunuwa^ (kiroowaA)
— , intr. kirenavd {kiritnd) kirenuwa^ (kiroonaA)
kdmativa sitin a vd kamuîwu sitinuwa/i (siti-
wish
dM-venavd [{sUiyd) a/t-sa/i-wenuwa/t [y«^0
work vdda-karanavd .
wadu-kurunuw«A
wrap otanava (etuvd) ioûnuwaA (ethoowah)
— (round) velanavd {vehivd) we/unuwaA (weioowaA)
— (cover with a
jieravanavd iperevvd) peruwunuwa/i (perewwaA)
Bbawl, blanket)
Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, etc

(Nipdta-pada.)
About, nearly pamana, vdge pumu?2U, wahgay
above uda,udin,ihala,ihalin, oodu, dodin,ihuZii,ihuZin
ihata, vadd, vddiyen ihuû, wudaA, wa'diyen
according to hdtiyata, paridden, hatiyutu, Tûnththen,
prakdrayata [hata prukaAruyutu [hutu
across haraha, harahin, hara huruhu, huruhin, huru-
after passe, passeUy anuva pussai/, pussen, unoowu
69
English.
70
English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronnnclatlon.
never kavaddvat ndlid kxxwvithahNxxth naha

next ilannata eelungutu
notwithstanding ehet, e koyihdti numut ehe^, ay koyihati noo-
moo^
now, adv. dan fAan
— ,
just me dan uiay thdA\
now and then indaliitald infAuhitula^
often noyekvita, varinvara noyekwitii, wurinwuru
on, upon pita,uda pitu, oodu
only, ad. (See pamanak, vltarak pumunuk, wiûruk
also alone)
opposite issarahapita, idiripita issiiruhupitu, if/tiripitu
or nohot, ndtnam, ekko noho^, na^num, ekko/i
over uda, udm, ihala, anit oodu, oodin, ihulu, \m\t_k
pdtte i^s>ththay
perhaps, proba minaharavita, hdge sumuhuruwitu, baA-ge
bly veldvata waylahwuiu
quietly niicala-lesa, samsun- nisculu-lesu, sunôon-
lesa lesii
recently langadl, nobodd, mata- [miguthee, nohohthah ma-

dl thnthee
scarcely yantam, svalpa-vasayen yunûm, swulpu-wu.sii-
seldom kaldturakin kula/jôorukin [yen
since, jyrep. patan, hita, pasii putun, hitu, pusoo
— , conj. bavin, imd bawin, nisa^
slowly hemin, hlnsdre, nivi hemin, heensaray, niwi-
hdne h&nay
so, thus mese, melesa mesay, melesii
sometimes samaharavita, inda- sumuhuruwitu, inÂuhit-
hitald vdah
somewhere kohe numut, yamkisi kohay noomoo^, yum
tdnaka kisi fAanuku
soon ikmanin, tika veldvakin ikmumn, tiku \say\ah-
wukin
still, yet \tavama, me venaturu ûwumu, may wenu-
ôorob
than vadd, vddiyen wuda/j, wadiyen
then evita, etakota, ekala ewitu, eîikotu, ekulu
there eld, eliidl, etana ehi, ehiiZ/ee, etjmnxi [in
therefore ebdvin, innisd, eseheyin ebawin, innis«/i, esa//hey-
through mddin, hetnkotagena maA/iin, h^ y/ôokotu e;/u
71
English.
OUTLINE OF GEAMMAK.
Articles.
In Sinhalese, the indefinite article a or an is expressed

by suffixing ek to nouns denoting animate objects and ak
to others.
Before ck or a k the final a or a of the noun in the
nominative case is as a rule dropped^ but the final i or I
is changed to iy,* as
minihd + e'k = mniihek

e©Ja)cS3+6s3:^=®^^2)crcD(5^cS£3*l . .
mo day a -\- e k ^= modayek j
a cock
kukiild + e k = ku kvle k
a hen
kikill + ek = ktkiliyek J
pu (ava + ak = pu tuva
a tree
^/-/Vitt + a^k — gahak
The simple noun without the indefinite suffix is used to
express the definite sense, as
g-3>3p2/â = theson5butg®^cs:^/?wV/: (i.e.jow'â + //:) = a son
9Q:)'-S5 joM'//^^ = the sons.
The suffixes ek and ak are also added to numerals to

express an indefinite collective number. When the number
refers to animate objects, the word dena is inserted between
the numeral and the suffix, but not otherwise.
* This and many other rules in the following pages are intended purely
for popular use.
(7?)
73
Here also the absence of the indefinite sutfix makes the

numeral as if it has a definite aiticle attached to it.
Thus
i^(5zE)3 da ruvd = child or the child.
e(5ie)3+6c5:? = e(5i©>8^1 ,.,,
J ,ruva + t fjk
.
,
^; /
=
'/ F
=a child.
da da ruve k J
q6i@^^^ c?ttV?/t'o = children.
q6i(Ê)^^^(^q^3 dtrrttvO-tu h-de^nd = {the) three children
(lit. children three beings).
ddruvo-tun-dend -{• ek = daruvO-tun-denek j
(number of) three children.
But
^Z«9(^(3 U^ngilla = ^nger or the finger.
U'hgilla -\- dk = angillak J

' ^ *
Î(2Sg a'//î/i = fingers or the fingers.
^l^g^^GS ahgili-dahaya — ihe. ten fingers.
<^l<Sg<^Q55cO +ê3^ = î<jSg^^35C8es:^ [ =a (number of) ten

cLngili-dahaya-V dk =(ihgili-ddkayak] fingers.
In declining these nouns, the case-endings are added to

the indefinite suffix with 2^ or a inserted for the sake of
euphony, taking care to use the oblique stem of the noun
in the plural obHque cases, as
^(5z6Ê)k^Q ddruvek-u-ia — io a child.
q(5ie)i5J'-^25;:f®^<^®<5^8^0 ddruvan-tun-denehu-ta = to (a
number of) three children {ddruvan not ddruvo).
^l^(^(3255C) dhgillak-a-t a = io a finger.

î^@^^cS23^0 dfigili-ddhayak-a-ta = to a (number of) ten
fingers.
74
IVonns.
The Singular Nominative Masculine ends in a (old S. in

e or b), as
©^(5o miturdf the friend

e)ge)o vaduvd, the carpenter
®©Cf, veddj physician
©(3 (£53 valahd, bear.
The Singular Nominative Feminine ends in a, « or i (a few

in d and e)^ as
g0 duva, daughter
^€3© bisava, queen
CSD^ ^ ^^V^j woman
010)2550(5 vada-karl, maidservant
2S5S(§ kikili, hen

^1-^25^'-':^ atinni, female elephant
^©©0 ammd, mother

^£s52553 akkd, elder sister.
T*he Singular Nominative of a noun denoting an inanimate

object ends in a, va, ya, and aya, which is often contracted
to 5. The semi-vowels v and y are inserted simply to
remove the hiatus, e. g.
-ê)(5 nuvara, town
^l<^ a'nda, bed

00(5 para, road
ggc) putU'Va, chair
®25)dScS kodi-ya, flag
®^C3GQ rmsaya
table.
©^®»C^ mes-e
The Nominative is also shown by the addition of ©>^§)
/^»»a^ or ®-33@>© /e//ie, in the Masculine, Singular
75
®-Q^0® toma, or 6><5'^J®®J tdmo in the Feminine, Singular,

to the crude base of a noun, and -^^ tumu to the plural of
either gender.
The Plural Nominative of Masculine and of Feminine

nouns is formed by changing the Sing-ular ending into 6 or
ahu, hu, or into u (with the final consonant often doubled).
In a number of nouns the stem alone is used for the plural,
sometimes with the addition of /a or vmû.
Masculine.
Singular, Plural,
©^do mi tufa ©^©dcT mituro, friend

8ge)o vadavd e)g@^C)cr vadavd, carpenter
@^8c,j vedd ®8^^, ®^<^§ vedahu or veddu,
physician
©^'3)0 do hord ®^ô6i horu, thief
6(S®GSo pi rlmiyd 8S® joi rim, male

?^cSa na^yd ^cd nay, snake
§si^3 mtt ttd §)^-2550(33 mattdld, grandfather
®i^ô mahatd ®2S5^8(5z mahat-varu, gentlemen
Singular. PZwraZ.
® 255(^(3 keUa <^Z3)(^<^(^^ kello, lass
^gS ambuva ^g@^©cr dfnbuvo, \îfe
'4S2S(§(§^GQcr kikilkjd, hen

cstg (ogcs)
^/ri' (striya) str'ihu or striyO, woman
CS5^-Sg â'/iw, woman
®^^^ flfeWtt, cow
76
' bisava ?)i5ai; or hiso-varu, queen
QJ)Q^®25Ci'* ha mine CS5D^^®J5:i'(33 ha mine-Id, lady
« mm a « mmd-ld or a mmd-varu, mother.
The plural nominative of a noun denoting an inanimate

object is expressed by the stem with or without the
addition of val.
Singular, Plural.
-Ê)(5 nuvara Ê)(58(^ nuvara-val, city
255Z(e,^, î(^?©d
kaidva, kale M Id, ka Id-va I, jungle
®â550(3GQ kolaya 6^2533(3 kola, leaf
®So3 mitiya ©3 mzV«5 hammer

@o /i m, well
JS^J^J'^ kanda 255g kahdu, hill.
In the singular number nouns (masc, fem., and neut.)

form their oblique ca«:es by adding the endings to the
nominative, the final a being sometimes elided in neuters, e.g.
@'2^(53 mi tar a, the friend

©^(53© miturd-ta, to the friend
E)i©^3 5 vdda-kar'i, maidservant
8lS)25535®^Gd vdda-kari-ge, of the maidservant

gge) putuva, the chair
Cigcê)j5:f putuv-en from the chair

gg®S putuv-B, of the chair.
77
To form the plural oblique cases of masc. and fern, nouns

firstchange the nominative ending into -an {-in or -un\ and
then add the case-endings.
Thus plur. nom.
mitur-6
kikiliy-6, vt dd-u, hi sav
ini tur-u )
Plur. dat.
7mtur-an-ta\j^'^§,QQ'iS^Q), (^B^^':S^Q), ^£sgr5:i'9
^^Si'iS^Q) [kikiliy-an-ta, vedd-un-ta, bisav-un-ta

mitur-un-ta)
But note that whenever the plural ends in Id, oblique

case-endings are added direct to the nominative, as
plur. nom. ®(3C8o(33 malayd-ld, younger brothers

^©®3(33 ammd-ld, mothers
plur. dat. ®(3CQO(330 malayd-ld-ta, to younger brothers
^S®3(33© ammd-ld-ta, to mothers.
Neuter plurals always use colloquially the suffix val, to

which oblique case-endings are added.
Plur. nom. ~^8)(5E)(^, gg, ^^

nuvara-vai, putu, atu
cities chairs branches
7iu vara-val-ata, pu tu-ial-afa, a tu-val-ata.

78
Mascnline.
Singular.
Nom. ^^(5o mityrdj the friend.

Voc. ®?2>6
a:i y*
mitura]
•/. ^
^
O ^
friend
.
, ,
®^®ocr mtturo)
Ace. ©^<5o mitura ],, „. ,
> Khe triend.
®ô^
c:, ./^
miturahu)
,
Instr. ©^(5o©823Li' miturd-visin, by the friend.

Aux. ®^(5o23^<5'i^(3^25^30©>C53^ miturd-karanakotagemiy
by means of the friend.
Dat. ©^(5o0 miturd-ta ) ^ . ^ , .
c^ y
(23-ôoC55C)
^ ./^
miturahata]
-7* ^ fto 01* 10 r the friend.
Abl. ©^(53®C5D5^ miturd-qen

c= ^ ^ -/^
®^0^®Ci53r5j miturahu-gen)
,,
Krom the 7
) ,. „ .
friend.
,
Gen. @^(5o®cs5 miturd-qe 1 ^ ,, ^ . ,

.c^
^ > , /^ of the friend.
, ^
®^(j^®G55 miturahu-ge]
Log. ©^(5o©^25^®(5(f^ (®25^®(f5) miturd-kerehi or -kerU
^^6^(^zSi©^6& (®^255^^) miturahu-kerehi or -kerS,
in the friend.
Plural,
Nom. ©:Si5®^(icr
"^
mi'tur-O ] ^ . ,
>' , friends.
®^ o
c:.
^55
/^
mz turahu
Voc. ©-Q^^c^^^, @^(5-€^ mil tar-mi, -ani, O friends!
Ace. @A2^(525d' mitur-an, friends.
Instr. ©^dsSCi'^SeSLi' 7111 tur-an-vi sin, by friends.
Aux. @^(525;5'255c5^®s3ô©@^cS5<i^ mitur-an-karana-

kota-ge na, by means of the friends.
Dat. ^^6^0) mitur-an-ta.

^^6'5^'S^Q) mitur-an-hata, to or for friends.
79
Abl. îS^6i5^@'(S^?5S mttur-an-gen, from friends.
lien. ^^6^(^^ mitur-an-ge, of friends.

iôc. ©«^(555J'©255®<5?S mitur-an-kerehi, in friends.
Feminine,
Singular,
Nom. f^)S kumari, princess.
Voc. SS5§)(5 ku mari ) >-, .
;s^c< ^ 7 ' • fO princess!

g^(S)o6â5 kumanye] ^
Ace. s^©5cs knmariya, princess.
Instr. }^®(5©8:25i kuman-visin, by the princess.

Aux- s^®(523^d^®25^3©(5^C55^ kamarl-karanakotagena^
by means of the princess.
Dat. es5i)5c) ka mar it a ) , ^,
^^
jj^f:2)ocSO
-^ , /
kumariya-ta)
* . fto the princess.
Abl. e^§)(5®c5555:f ku main -gen

•from the princess.
e^^5ca©^(5523Lf kumanya-gen
Gen. ga^cS'^crf kumari-qe ) ^ î
'-ô ? , / . fOr the princess.
s^'2/ooS@^C55 kumariya-ge]
Loc. 8^©5®^255®^(5?B kuman-kerehi ]
with or in the
^^(Sc6®Ji55®<5(f^ kumariya-kerehi] princess.
Nom. s^®5®>GQcr h/mariyo.

Voc. s^®(S@^cS4f^ (cSsS) kumariy-eni (or -flni).
Ace. s^'^5GS55:f kumariy-an.
Instr. }^®5cS25J'©Q55:^ kumariy-an-visin.

Aux. 8^®5cS^5::i'^3^(5'€^@^^55^0@^C55^ kumariy-an-
karanakotage na.
Dat. s^^doSÔ kumariy-an-ta.
80
Abl. i^®8o^^@^(s:>2S^ kumariy-an-gen.
Gen. 8^^2)503 sscf^cd kumariy-an-gS.
Loc. s^§)5ce23Li'©^5j55(^(5cS kumariy-an-kerehu
Neuter,
Singular, Plural,
Norn., Voc, zS)i(^Ê) 'î(S>7{^d)

and Ace. kal'dva (jung-lej kalB. orkdlR-vdl
Instr.and zS)i(^,\oB';S^ 255Z(g^8g25J'
Aux. kaldv-en lald-val-in
Dat. 2S)i(g2^Q 2j)Z(e,|C)(30

/d lava- ta kci I'd-va l-ata
Abl. 25^Z(g^@^©£3:^ 255Z(9Ê)g23Cf

/ aldv-en kald-val-in
Gen. and zs^zcg^®© 235i(g|8(3

Loc. kCi0v-e kald-val-a
Pronouns.
First Person.
Singular, Plural,
Nom. §)® mama^ I. C^6 ^/î, we.

Ace. ©3 ??2a', me. Ô apa, us.
Instr. §)o©825:^ ma -VI sin, by me. CÔ©825d^ apa-visin^ by
us.
Aux. ®3253(5^(^255D0©C55-€^ (ÔlS^d-ê^ZSôO^GO^

ma-karanakotagena,h\ a'pa-karanakotageria, by
means of me. means of us.
Dat. ®0 md-ta. aoc) dpa-ta.
81
ma-gen or ma-gen. ap-en or apa-gen,
Gen. ©©cd, ®o®cd

ma-ge or md-ge. fljo-e or apa-ge.
Loc. ®0®255®(5cS ma-kerehi Cpa®255@^(5(S apa-kerehi
Second Person.
Singular.
Nom. (^^cT /o', thou. ©-3>38, ©-358 topi or /e/??*,
ye.
Ace. ^3 /d', thee. @^^3e3 to'pa.
Instr. ô©823Cf ta-vtsin, by ©^ôo^S^d' topa-visin.

thee.
Aux. ^3235(5-i^6^2J5D©®C55'^ ©^0 O 255 (5 4^©2553 ©©C55 4^

ta-karanakotage^na. topa-ka ranakotage na.
Dat. ^0 /«'-/a. ©^3o9 topa-ta.
®^3e3©C5325Lf, ©>^rJ3©0£5d'
til -gen or ia-gen. to pa-gen or top-en.
Gen. ô®cd, -S^^^cd ©^30©cd, ©^3©d

/a'-^^ or ta-ge. to'pa-gE or /o/?-e.
Loc. ^3©255®(5(S ©.5>30©J^©(^(9

topa-kereld.
Colloquially /o can only be used when addressing an

inferior^ or disrespectfully. In books (^^^ to is masculine
and ^ /e (pi. ^(33 /f/a) feminine. The latter is regularly
declined, as nom. and ace. tl ; instr. tl-vtsin\ dat. ti-ta, 8ic.
So also ttld; instr. tlld-visin, &c. The personal pronoun
(^S) wmfea or >s^q) /z/Ja', ^you' (pi. C>^& umha-ld) is
the one now commonly used in addressing equals or inferiors

SINHALESE 8.-T.
82
politely. If you wish to be extra polite, you generally use

^g<55^c^ tamiise, ^your (honourable) self\
If you wish to be still more polite, especially when

addressing a superior personage or a church dignitary you
add the honorific e)s^2^@^c^ vuhansB to nuba (or numba),
oba, or tamnn,SLS >S]Q)S)QDi^®d nuba-vahansS,®Q)E)^25S@^^
oba-vahanse, S5§!i3Lfe)K)25J'®^d tamun-vahansB, often con-
tracted to •3:>g23Li'^3£5Li'@^d tamunnansS, All these are
declined regularly, as
Nom. and ace. gS) umba (pi.C®(33 umbala), ^55§®d

tamuse (|j1. ^§©€^(33 tamusEld).
Instr. C^^Qs5S umba-visin (pi. (5S)(30©855J'
umbald-visin), ZS^^(^^'^Q>s^ tamuse-visin
(pi. -S^g^dcô^ScSL^ ta muss Id-vt sin),
Sic. &c.
183 Masc,
u/d, hu ovha d'ld, ekild, ohu ovhu evd

.cc. Cî ©gsScf, C^CO
w rt, vy/?i, uld a Id, e kild e vd
c^, ®g25cr
lu/, run
nstr. C^^^^, ^^^B&^ C^^QO^Q^, daSe^©^^ ^BoQ^
u/i-visin, ovun-vi'dn, ald-visin Skild-visin evdyin
C'^^Q^, ®g23Lr©a25cr
uti-vidn, vun-vi sin
&c. '
&c. &c.
Colloquially (5"i u is used in speaking of an inferior

person, C>^S^ iî@^{si unndhe and Q^B^^(^d> un-vahans^
(contracted to CzSCfeSôsSCfo^d unnansS) being more polite
forms. The fem. a has no such distinction.
Demonstratives.
Masculine, Singular.
Norn. § \ ©003 ^(5ce3'^
mu this man oyd, this (yonder) arayd that man

man ^(5^
Twe yd aru
©©2553 ©2553
mekd ) oka Skd
\cc. § ^
mu
me yd
®^f)2533
me M
mohu
84
nstr. ®B&^
85
Dat.
me ka-ta okata arakata
®O30
mt ya-ta ya-ta
&c. &c. • &c.
Plural,
Norn. ®8a q^(58d

Ace.:]
Instr.
Aux. J
me, vd-yin Ovd-yin arava-yin
Dat. <^(5e)30
m^vd-ta ocd-ta « ravd-ta
&c. &c.
IXTERROGATIVES.
Masc, and Fern.
Singular. Plural,
Nom. ?55©^, 25^8^(5535^
I
kav-da, kavarek-da, who kavru-da, kavarahu-da
Ace. 255©^, 255a<!^, 2558(^(5£S5^
I
A-« 6-<^«, kd -da, ka varek-da, wliom ka vrun-da
Instr. 2553©8.^^, '^B®^6f^^B-:S^q

ka -VI sin-da, kavareku-vi sin-da, kavrun-vi sin-da
bv whom
Dat. 2353C)c^, 2558®^(5*s^0^ zsiB6v^Q)q
ka-ta-da, kavartka-ta-da, to whom ka'vrun-ta-da
&c. &c.
So also
^^325)3^ mokdda (dat. ®®32533©<:^ wio'/:a-fa-c?a)| who or which
®^235cr2553<^ Ao'Hf/a (dat. ®255cr25530«^ ô'/ta-â-i/a)} animal?

86
Neuter.
. Singular.
Noni., Ace. @^(®)02S5^, ®§)3555S35^, @^?SiizS)C^

mo^ka-da, mokak-da, koka-da,
what or which thing.
Instr. ®ci)02S25d'<^, ©®:iZSi'iS^^^, ©^zs^^'^^sSc^

mokln-da, mokakin-da, kd kin-da
Dat. ©©32350^, ®>®325525^0<:^, ®235J2S)0<:^
mokata-da^ mokakata-da^ kcfkata-da
Plural,
Norn., Ace. ci)ss52553^, <^®3r5^83<^, @^23^J'83<5

makkd'da, monavd-da, kovd-da
Instr. ©cs^jsisSsscfi^, @^®o^838^5Lf<^, ©^zs^d'SsSi^:)'*:^
ma kkdyin-da, monavdyin-da, kd'vdyin-da

Dat. ©23^5i353©<:^, ©^s^Bs©*^, ®2S5;f830«^
makkdia-da^ monavdta-da, kovdta-da
Verbs.
A very large proportion of Sinhalese verbs in common

use is formed by the addition of 23^(5:5^^3 karanavd^ * to
do ', and of ®©5S^S3 ve'navd, ^ to become ^, to substantives,
e.g. ®03S podi, fragments.
®>03S23^c5:5^©3 po'di-karanai'd, to crush to bits.
@>03fc3®C)55^©3 po'di-venavu, to become crushed.

®C553^ hohda, good.
®Q553^235(5iif)E)3 ho'nda-karanavd, to heal (transitive).
@^QS53^®Ê)5S^83 honda-venavd, to become good, to
heal (intr.).
87
Therefore it is necessary that the beginner should master

the conjugation of these two verbs. These two examples
will, moreover, show how all the other Sinhalese verbs
should be conjugated. In Sinhalese dictionaries all verbs
are given under a form which ends in -na-vd^ and which
is colloquially used to represent all the persons (singular
and plural) in the present indicative.

Thus s5^(5.'Ê)o kara-na-vd, to do.
Singular, Plural,
mama karanavd, I do a pi
255(5 i2^©3
to or u mba ka ranavd, you do u mbald karanavd
u karanavd, he does o^hu, ovuhu
It may be useful to know at the outset that the form

karanavd is composed of the relative participle karana and
vd. This is the same in the case of all other verbs, as
255i5ê)o kana-vd, to eat, ©<^^©a denu-vd, to give, ®8?^83
vJna-vd, to become.
For the use of the relative participle see p. 92.
Now if you drop -na-vd from this form, you get the base
of the present and future tenses.
Thus e55(5^c)o kara-na-vd gives zs^6 kdra

255 ^©0 ka-na-vd „ 255 ka
®^^c5ê)3 de-na-vd „ ®<^ de
®e)?S583 ve-iia-vd „ ®e) ve
&c. &c.
We may now conjugate kara-na-vd and ve-navd as

follows :
88
Indicative : Present,
Singular,
1st pers. Z3)6^

kara-mi, I do ve-mi, I become
2nd „ ZS)6&, 233(58 ©8(6, ©88
kara-hi or kara-yi ?;e-Ai or ve-yi
3rd „ 255(58 ©88

kara-yi ve-yi
Plural,
1st pers. 255 (5§ ©8§

kara-mu
2nd „ 255(5Gg, 255(5g ©8^5 ®8g
kara-hu or kara-vu ve-hu or ve-va
3rd ,, 235(5^ ©8^
ve-ti
Future.
Singular.
1st pers. 255(525J'©CS^@ ©825Li'©?f>@

kara-nnemi, I sliall do ve-nnemi, I shall become
2nd J, 255 (525;:)'© 55^ (9 ©823l)'©^(9
A-fl/^fl -nnehi ve -nnehi
3rd 55 255(5£3l)'©23l)'
kara-nnS ve -nne
Plural,
1st pers. 255(525J'©^g ©825;:f©^g
kara-mu mu. i;e -nnemu
2nd 255(5c3C)'^D'^ ©8i5:)'?5^3^
Arara -nndhu re -nndhu
3rd 255(525Cf©î ©82s:f©5SDJ'
89
This is a kind of periphrastic future of which the 1st

and 2nd persons are formed by adding either the derivatives
of the present tense of the Sanskrit copulative verb as ^to be',
or merely the personal endings mi, mu, hi, hu, &c. to the verbal
noun expressive of the agent of an action. Karannemi is,
therefore, a combination of karanne, 'doer' and mi, 'I am'.
The future of all other verbs is formed in this manner.
In colloquial speech, however, the ending -nhd is used
instead of -nnemi, and -nnamu for -nnemu -dvi for the 2nd ;
and the 3rd person sing. and -dvit for the plural.
;
Thus 'i)§)0ie) zsidts^^ mama vd'da haranfid (instead of

karannemi), I shall do work; 2S3(5^®,iS^§ kara nnemu, we
shall do ; ©iS) z2)do^ u vada karavi (instead of
(3"i
karanne), he will do work; ^35(53©^ karavit, they will do.
Optative Mood.
This is formed by adding the syllable vd to the present

indicative. Thus
255(5©C)3
karam[i), I do karam-vd, I may do
j35(5(68o
karahi, thou d(iest karahi-vd, thou mayst do
255(5S©0, 255(5o5>3
karayi, he does karayi-vd, kard-vd, he may do
235(5®'2)cre)3
karamu, we do karamo-vd, we may do
karahu, ye do karahu-vd, ye may do

235(5ê)3
karati, they do karat-vd^ they may do,
90
Imperative.
Singular.
2nd pers. z5^6. ZS)6^ kara or karava

2S)d8GQ kdra-piya] •
,, . •
r •
y f
s, / f
colloquially to interiors.
55ôoi5j kara-pan]
ZS)6^ ka'ranu
zS)6^t) karanda ^ respectfully to
zS)6'!SSq) ®ê55D^S karanta hohdayi\ equals and
2S5(ei®iê) kala-mdnava J superiors.
3rd peis. ?^6^(^''5S karanm
Plural,
2nd pers. 255(5© karar>

255 (5 0(;^ (33 kara-palld (to inferiors colloquially).
zSi6^^ karanda (to equals, ^lc).
Permissive.
255(5gE)D®S kdra-puvd-vE, let him do.
255(59®^23Lf kdra-pu-den j
Conditional.
Pres. 235(5^ karata, zs)d(^^0^ karatot\
Past 255(^(^3^5 kdlot.
Past Tense.
No rules that may readily be understood by a beginner
unacquainted with Sanskrit and Pnlkrit can be given regard-
inw the formation of the past tense of Sinhalese verbs.
91
The form of the past tense given in dictionaries ends m

a, as 253(ei3 kal-a, ^did'; §.'5^3 vwVa, 'became'; 255^ 8i
kav-d, âte'; cScSo giy-d, 'went'; and is used colloquially

for all numbers and persons like the present tense in -navd.
Thus 255(^)3 kald = l, you^ or they did; 255|E)3 kavd = you,
he, or they ate, &c.
Indicative : Past.
Singular.
1st pers. ^J)@^(ei©, ®255@>(g©

kale-mi or kele-mi, I did giye-mi, I went
2nd „ zSi@'{^&, ®'<5^@^(ei'i^
kale-hi or kek-hi giye-hi
3rd J, 25>@^(^, ®255®î^
âVe or /te/e gi-yS

(S033
,î«/a (colloq.)
1st pers. ^J5©^(g§, @^2S5@^(e.§)

kale-mu or kelt-mu î ye-mu
2nd c9ce3:s5
jiyd-hu
3rd „ 2S5®^(eiJ
kalO giyd
Participles.
Two participles play a most important part in modern
Sinhalese. They are (1) the relative participle and (2) the
adverbial participle or gerund.
02
The relative participle (present) is obtained by simply

dropping the final id of the colloquial present tense (or
by adding na to the base of the present tense).
The relative participle (past) is formed in most cases
cither by substituting* short a for final long a of the
colloquial past or by simply dropping the final va.*
Verbs. Relative Participles.

zSid^Bo karana-vd, do S55(5?5^ karana
25>(e,3 kal-dy did zSi^ kala
cs^8o yana-vd, go co^f) ]/ana
c9cS3 giy-d, went c9cQ giya
23^^80 kana-vd, eat ZS)'S^ kana

25^^80 kavd, ate 255^ kd
This participle always precedes the noun which it
qualifies, just like an ordinary adjective.
Thus GS-î^ ^.'^'J553 yaua minihd = \\t. going man, i.e. the
man who goes; cScO ®^^J553 giya minihd=\hQ man who is
gone; ^3 cScO '4S)Q md giya kala = \it. by me gone time,
i.e. when I am gone; ^3 8ie) 25^(5^ 255(3 ^^^' viida-
karana .â/a = when I do the work.

Adverbial participle or gerund has the ending min in the
present and c, d, or i (colloquially Id or lid) in the past, e.g.
Adcerbial participles,
255(5©23Ci'
karanavd, do kara-min (present), doing

ZSi6, Z35(5(33
kara or karald (past), having done
• These rules are purely for popular use. Etymologically the partici-
ples require a different explanation which can only be understood by
t^hose acquainted with Sanskrit and Prakrit.
09
yanavdy go ya-min^ g<îno^

J
[gos or gofdila, having gone
A:a nava, eat kamin, eating

23^3, 2553(33
^ka or A:a7a, havinir ate.
The following sentences will illustrate the use of this

participle :
Q"\ ©l^ zsi6^^ 8Sce3 u viida-karamin sitiyd, he was

doing work (lit. he work doing remained). (5<n Bi€)
255(5(33 c9c63 u vCi'da-karald giyd, he having done the
work went.
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CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions and Phrases.

[Ava^yayen praydjanavatril bdsdrltyanukfda Idyaiiian mha
idkyayan.)
Thank you
(To servants) hnndayi hon/Auyi
(To equals & superiors) stutiyi s^doîyi
Have the goodness karund-karald kuvocmah-kiiriiiah
Yes: [to...
(To equals & inferiors) ovu owoo
(To superiors) elieyiy ehemayi eheyi, ehemuyi
Yes, sir — , mahatmayd eheyi, muhafAmuya/*
(To a cleric or a lord) — , h amy diiru vane — , ha/tmoo/ZiOorobwun*^'//
No, ma(3am na (or nd/td), nond- na (naha), no/ma/.uiu
viahatiiiayd, hu^.muyrt//,
— , hdniiue\ na, hahm'may,
— , lanid-etanP na, luma/i-e/iiuni
Yes, miss elieyi, podi-nond eheyi, ôdi-nuhnah
Bring me cjenen gewen
(Respectfully) genenta honday ge/jentu honfAuyi or
or genenu mdnava gewenoo-manuwu
Give me mata diyan mutu thiynn
(Respectfully) mala dciita honday mutu titentu. hon^/myi,
i,
mala dena [mdnava) mutu (/ten 00 (manuwu)

Send (it) to me mala [eka) evdpan mutu (ayku) t^wÂpun
(More respectfully) mata (eka) ecanti mutu (aykxi) ewunoo
(mdnava) or eva7ita (manuwu) or ewuntu
hondayi hont/iuyi
Send (it) to him ohiita {eka) drapan ohootu {ayku.) arupun or
ov yavdpan yuwaApun
(More respectfully) ohnta {eka) arinu ohootu (ayku) urinoo
{mdnava) or arinta (manuwu) or urintu
hondayiy yavanu hon(/myi, yuwunoo
(mdnava) ovyavan- (manuwu) or yuwuntu
ta hondayi liont/tuyi
reii me mata kiydpan mutu kiyaApun
* SluhiUuae lady.
m
95
English. Sinhalese (roma .izeJ), Pronunciation.
Will you tell me ?

mata kiyanavd-da mutu kiyiinuwa/A-/7iii ;
mata kiyannehi-da mutu kiyunnehi-t/m ?

Do you understand? umhata terenavd-da oombutu tJiayrentvfah-tJni
or terum yanavdda {t_hayrdb:n-yunuwah-th\i)?
Excuse me mata kamd-venu muiu kumrt//-wendo
Do you speak n umha hngilisi uoombu i/7û'ileesi kuth-
English ? katd-karanavd-da ah-kmiinijiwah-thu ?
Does anyone here inehi yam kenek (or mehi yum-kenek (kisi-
speak English? kisivek) wigillsi wek) inîleesi kuthah-
katd-karanavd-da kurunuwrt/i-t/tu ?
Can you read mmihata noombutii i/iîîleesi kiy u«
irngillsi ki-
English ? yavantapuluvan-da wuntu pdo/6owun-t/m ?
Have patience ivasiliva hitapan (or iwusiliwu hitupun (hitin-
hitinta hondayi or tu honf/myi, hitinoo),
hitinu) ivasdp an,
, iwiisa/ipun, iwusunoo
ivasanu
What do you say ? umha kumak kiyan- oombu koomuk kiyunu-
avd-da (or kiyahi- da) Yiah-thu (kiyuhi </m)?
I beg your pardon
mata kamd-venu mutu kumaA-wenoo
What did you ask umba kumak dhnrd- oombu koomuk ahoowa/t-
(question) ? da {or as uvehi- da) thii (aso6\vehi-^/m) ?
What did you ask umba kumak illuvd- oombu koomuk illoow«/i-
(request) ? da (or ill u vehi-da ) t/iu (illoowehi-f/m) ?
Speak louder vadd J ay iy en (or I wudaA huyiyen (wuda/t
vadd haiida nayd) hundu nugah) kuthah-
katd-karapan kurupun
What does it sig eyin kumak terum- eyin koomuk thayrobm.-
nify? yanavd-da yunuwa/i-t/m ?
It doesn't matter kdriyak ndJid ka/triyuk naha
It is all the same to mata e siyallamat mutii ay siyuUiiumth
Never mind [me kamak na [ekamayi kumuk na [ekumuyi
What is to be mokada karanne mokuÂu kiirunnrt^
done ? kumak karanta koomuk kuruntu yoo-
yutu-da [da tjioo-thu ?
Do you hear? numhata alien a rd- no6mbutuahenuv/rtA-f/m?
I understand mata terenavd mutu thayrenmwah
1 don't undt'i-stanJ mata terenne na mutu thayrennay na
Carry this meka ge7iayopan mayku. ge«uyupun
Take this meka aragan mrt//ku urugun
Take this away meka ahakata gena- ma^ku uhukutii gewu-
yapan yupun
96
EngllBli. '
Siuliale«€ (romauized). Pronuuciation.
Why are you so iimha occaiasiinayi- oombu occuru ôbnnng-

slow ? gu-venne ayi goo-wenna?/ ayi ?
wfiba opamana 00 m b u p IT m u n li
hemin kriyd- liemin kriy«A kurnn-
karanne-manda na//-munf//u ?
Make haste ikmam karapan ikmu/i^ kurupun !
Come along idinyata varen if/driyutu wuren 1
Take care bald ganin, salakd- bula/i gunin suluka//- !
pan [baldsithi pun ! [bula/i si tin !
Look out pravesam-veyan pruwa?/3um-weyun !
Listen ! dliumkan-dlpan ahoo/7^kun-</teepun !
Come in dtulveyan; dfiilota&thool-weynn; a///oolutu

Come here mehe varen mehe wuren [wuren
Come back hdrl(pr dpasu) varen haree (a^pusoo) wui en
Call my servant mage vddakdraydta mugay waduka//ru\7///tu
aiidagahapan (or unduguhupun (kut_hah-
katdkarapan) kiiriipun)
Take this note me liyiim-kalla gen- may liyoom kallu ge?iu-
ayapan yupun
Bring an answer attar ay ak genen oo^ûriiyuk gewen
Stand still niscalava hita/ian niscuiuwu hitupun
Go away ahakata palayayi uhukutu puluyun
That way ara andama ; ara uru unt/iumu; uru maAr-
mdrgaya [gay a guyii [guyu)
This way me andama or vidr- may unf/mmu {ma/ir-
Too soon ondvata vddiya ik- o/mawutu wadiyii ik-
vianin; nisi kdla- mu7?in; nisi krtAluyutu
yata matt en mu^ên
Too late nisi kdlayata pasnra nisi ka//luyutu pusoowu
What do you want '^
iimbata kumak I
oombutu koomuk
on a- da ohnSi-tllXL ?
Will you do me a mala upakdrayah mutu oopuka/zruyuk ku-
favour ? karannehi-da; iiihba runnehi-(/m ? oombu
mata karund-kara- mutu kuroowa/<-kuiii-
navd-da (or pi/tita nuviah-thii (piliitu-
venavd-da) wenuwa/^-f/m) ?
What is it ? eya mukak-da {ku- eyii mokuk-t/m (kooniuk-
mak- da); em oka-da thu) ? ay moku-Âu ?
1 am [or shall be) numbata bohoêyin noombutu bohoAse\in
very much obliged keleJiiguna-vantara keZehigoonu - wun /A u -
to you sitimi {iiitinnemi) wu sitimi (sitinnemi)
97
Very well hohoma hondayi boho/tmu hon^/iuyi

I am sorry to numhata opamaîa noombutu opummiu ku-
trouble you so karada ra- ka ran ta ruÂuru-kuruntu (hiii-
much {hirih dra-karan to) haru-kuruntu) ku^zii-
kanagdtu vemi gahtoo wemi (mutu
(mata kanacidtuyi) ku;aigY//<tooyi)
No trouble at all kohetma hirihdrayak kohe^mu hiriharuyuk
no ve no \Yay
What is the matter nurhbata mak-veld- noombutu muk-wela/t-
with you ? da; numhata veld- i/m? noombutu welrt//
tibenne mokada tjiihennay mokuf/m ?
What is the matter? kd riya kim-da ; ma /.- kaAriyu kim-t/m ? muk-
veld tibenavdrda wela/i îbenuw«/i-i/m?
Nothing mokakvat [mokavat) mokukwu^ (moku\Yu4^)
ndhd kisit ndhd
; uaha kisi^ naha ;
Who is there ? olte inne kavuda ohay mnay kuwoof /m ?

It is I e mamaya ay mumuyu
What is the news ? mokada dramciya ; moku/^/m aAru/iîyu ?
dramci monavd-da ahY\xngQ>\ monuwa/i-i/m?
Have you any numhata yam kin noombutu yum kisi ah-
news? dramciyak Idbim d-da ru/i^ciyuk labo6na/ii//u?
I have heard kisivak mata drajn- kisiwuk mutu alivungQi
nothing ci une na ; mdvisin obway na ma/nvisin ;
kisivak asanu Id- kisiwuk usunoo laboo-

biive na way na
Are you quite umbata hondutama oombutu hon^/iutiimu
certain ? (or sum.purnayen- (sumpoonaiyenmu)
wa) sattaka-da su^ûku-t/m ?
What has hap- kumak sidda vund- koomuk sit/tthu woo-
pened ? da (or ddda veld nah-tJm {sithtbu.welah
tihe-da) tjiihay-thu) ?
What temple is e mona (or kumana) ay monu (koomunu) thay-
that? devastdnayak da wusthaA-nuyuk-i/tu ?
What church is e (ara) kumana ay (uru) koomunii pulli-
that? palliyak-da yuk-Mu?
Begone ! or Go ! pala, imlayan pulu ! puluyun !
Go home gedara palayan getJtuYu puluyun

Go to the post- tdpdl-kantoruvata fcpal-kunô/iroowutu
office and bring gos (or gohin, or go- gos (gohin, gohillrt/i)
my letters hilld) mage liyuui mugay liyoom urun
aran vareyi wuren
Sinhalese S.-T.
98
Show me the house Jconsal tcmdjiatiydfjekonsul thahnah puî-

of the Consul valavva (or geija) yahgay wuluwwu (geyu)
mata penvapaji mutu penwupun
Let us start' let ; pitatvemn}; patan- pitu^^wemoo putun-;
us begin^ r/animu^ gn7?imoo

Get everything siyallaina lasti kara siyullumu lasîi kuru
ready ganiyi gu?2in
Wait hitapan ; ndvatiyan hitupun, nawu^lyun
Here I am meheyi mama meheyi mumo
Be good enough to \karund kara mata kvLYobnah kuru mutu-
tell me kiyanu kiyunoo
Hear what I tell md kiyana deta mah kiyunu thaytu ah-
you dhumkan-denu dbmkun-^/ieno6
Bring (me) my 111 dye aSvayd (mata) niaJtgay u.swuya/< (mutu)
horse genen genen
Speak with the in- tolka unnd/ie ekka tjiolilkvi uonaha// ekku
terpreter katd-karapan kuth«Vi- kurupun
Speak to him ohii samaga katd- ohoo sumugii kutha/t-
karapan kurupun
What does thi me mokada; meke may moku^/ai maykay ;
mean ? teruma mokada (or thay vooiiiu. moku(/m

kumakda) (koomuki/m) ?
Notices. (Ddnvlm.)
Apartments to Ij e kdinarakaliyata (or kahmiivu. kdoliyiitu (buf/i-

let baddata) 'tenia ti'>et thutd) tlientii tjiihetji
Entrance doratiiva, doraJcada, Âorutoowu, ^//onikudu,
vdsala waJisulii
Exit jdiatata yana maga pitu///utu yanu mugu
Eire alarm gini- upadravaya gini c5opufAruwuyu thwn-
danvana sinuva wiinu seenoowu
Furnished rooms arumosam dti (or uroomo/tsum a/7ii (piZi
piliyela karanala- yeln kuriinului/m) kah-
da) kdinara murii
Knock ring
; tattulca ra iiu ; sin u va //tattoo-kurunoo; seenoo-
gahanii [ndldi wu guhunoo [naha
No admittance dtulvimata avasara ;i///oo/weemutu uwusuru
No smoking al- (ttunkolaIdmata tliobinkotu beemutu
lowed avasara nd uwusiiiu na
Set out, ^ Commence.
09
No thoroughfare para vahaldya Tpahrii wuhula/iyu

Please do noitouch atano gdnumdnava; uû no gahnoo maniiwu
sparSanaya no Ica- spursunuyu no kurunoo
ranu
Private piidgalika ; rahas poo^/jguliku ; ruhus
Public notice prasidda dcmvwia prnsiththii i/janweemu
Pull push ;
adinu; tallukaranu ui/dnoo ;
^-ulldokurunoo
Refreshments kam-hiin; anna-pdna kam-beem ; unnu-paAnu
To be let, to let knliijata denta tibe kooliyutu thenti\ thibaij
To bo sold vikinlwata tibe wikineemutii thibay
Unfurnished rooms his kdiiiara [venit his krt/imurii [wenoo
Walk in dtul-renu ; pravista- aôol-weuoo; pruwisAtu-
The Railway. {Dum-riya-maya.)

(For Vocabulary see p
To the station diim-riya palata (o'" ^/toom-riyu pulutu (stha/t-

stdnayata) nuyiitu)
Here is my luggage iiiemia mage bara- meniju miigay burubuÂ-
baddara tJtuvii
Take these to the III era barabaddara- may\Yah hunihuththmii-
cloak-room kdmarayata geni- ka/<muruyutu gerii-
yapan yupun
I wish to regis mage barabaddara mugrt^ burubui/t^/mru
ter my luggage ...-ta yavana lem ... -tu yuwiinu lesii
for ... registar-kayanta regi?tur-kuruntu

kamfiîyi
kdmatiyi
The luggage barabaddaraniyama buriibuÂt/iuru niyumii
is
over weight jjramdnayata vadd priima/i-??iiyutii wudf/A
barayi buruyi
Get my luggage mage barabaddara muga^ burubuf/if/'airu
here is the ticket ganin ; menna guwin mennu doc- ;
iicciUnva ceettoowu
Where is the wait- ndvatl ntma kdma- nav/uthee sitinu kahmu-
ing-room ? raya ko ruyu koh
- - booking office? slttii-kantdriiva ko
- seettoo-kunô/zroowu koh
. - - buffet? anna-pd/na stdnaya unnu-pa/mu r^tha/muyu
ko ; kain-bim sal- koh? kam-beem sul-
pila ko pilu koh ?
lavatory ? at a pay a sod ana uû puyu soA^Mnii
stdnaya ko; vdsi- sthrt/mu\ u koh ?
kilii/a ko wasikiZiyu koh ?
100
English. Sluhaleê (romanized). Pronunciation.
Where is -ta yana dam. ... -tu yunu f/toom-riyu

the train ...
for ...? liya ko ko/r?'

Are you going by sJgra (or visem) seegru {wisayshu) thoom-
^
the express ? diimriyenyaunehi-da riyen yunnehi-i/<u ?
Show me the time- dum-riya kdla-sata- i/toom-riyu k«/ilu-sutu-
table Jiana mata penva- hu7iu mutu pen wu pun
pan
When does dum-riya pitat ven- Âoom-riyu pitu^wen-
the
train start ? ne h'yi-veldvata- nay koyi-wa?/la/i-wutu-
da thu ?
Can I book through ... -ta yanapinisa ...-tu yunupi7dsu mooZoo
_^
to? iiiulu gam an sit- gumun seettoowuk
iuvak mata gata mutu guû hakif/m?
Itdki-da
A first- (second-) ... -ta yamata pala- ...-tuya/miutu puZumoo-
class single muveni- {deveni-) weni- (theweni-) punk-
ticket to ... panktiye gam an tMyay gumun seettoo-
nttuvak {8^{>') wuk [(seettoo)
Return tickets ydm-lme tnndu (or yahm-eemay thoondob
How much is it ? eya koccarada (or eyu koccuru^/m (kopu-
kopamanada); eke mu?iu^/<u) ? aykay
)iiila klya hi mill! keeyuû ?
"We want a sleeping sayana-ratayak (or suyunu ruthuyuk (saû-
carriage sdtapiya hdki rata piyu haki ruthuyuk)
yak) apata ona uputu o^na
A corridor carriage istoppu-ratayak is//?o//ppoo-ruthuyuk
A carriage for nondmaliatmaydld- no7jna//-muhu/7/,-muyrt/i-
ladies ta rata yak \ahXii ruthuyuk
A non- smoking dum-kola nohona thoom-kolu nobonii
compartment rata- kuttdmy a k hu kot t a/isil y u k
r ut -
Is this the train ... -ta yana dum- ...-tu yunu fôom-riyu
for ...? riya meka-da maykii-thii ?
Do I change any magadl dum-riya muguf/iee f/ioom-riyu
where on the mdra-karanta ma/troo-kuruntu oh-
journey ? 6na-da - na- thvL '?
Where must 1 kotanata yaîa duni- koûnutu yunu thdom-

change for . . . ? riyata iimruventa riyutu mrt/<roo-wentu
oua-da oJm^-thu ?
Is this seat en- me ihdagann a - tana may infûguimu ânu
gaged ? (or id am a) ara- (idumii) urugU7iu th u. ?
There is no room ida ndhu [cjana-da idu nalia

101
English, Sinhalese (romanlzed). Pronunciation.
Call the guard {dum-riya) baldgafi- {thoom-viyu) bula/<gun-

ndta andagahapan na/ttu unduguhupun
The train is just dum-riya dmi pitat- Âdom-riyu i/mn pitu^
going to start venta hadaiiavd wentu huf/iunuwa/i
Open the door dora drapan thorn ariipun
Open the window janelaya (or kavu- junai/luyu (kuwooZoowu)
luva) drapan [pala arupun
Here is the station menna dum-riya- mennu i/toom-riyu-pulu
Do we stop here viehi api navatina- mehi
"?
upi nuwuînu-
vd-da (or navatin- waJi-thu. (nuwuînne-
nem.u-da) moo-thxL ?
Do we alight here? meld api{diun-riyen) mehi upi (t/ioom-riyen)
bahinavd-da (or buhinuwcf/t-i/tii (buhin-
hahinnemu-da) nemoo-i/iu)?
Do we change api mehi karatta upi mehi kuru^^-u
carriages here? mdru-karanavd-da m«/iroo -kurunuwfl^/t-iM
(-karannemu-da) (-kurunnemdo-?/tu) ? *
How long do wê mehi api kopamana mehi upi kopumu?iu wel-
stop here ? veld natara-vena- a/i nuûru-wenuwa/i-
vd-da [-rerinem u-da) thu (-wênne-moo-t/m) ?
Five minutes vinddi pa/iak-ya win«7«di puhuk-yu
My luggage is lost mar/e barabaddara mngay hvLTuhnththiivu
ndtivund (or ndti- nsbthmoonah (naî-
veld tihet) wela/i îbe^)
When it arrives, eya samba vuna vita eyu sumbuwoonu witu
forward it on (or Idbuna kala) (laboonu kulu) ... -tu
to ... ... -ta yavdpan yuwa/tpun
Give me your niimbe gaman s'lttu- ndomhay giimun seettoo-
ticket va mata diyan (or wu mutu îyun {thenoo)
Here it is menna eka [denu) mennu aykn
The Hotel. (Hotdl-ddi navdtdn gdnayi,)
Which is the best uttama hotdle ko- oo^ûmu hoAtale koA-

hotel ? kada kuîi?
Let us have supper ikmanin rakama ikmu/iin ra-kamu suppaA-
soon sappdyam-vemu (or yun^-wemoo (kumoo,
kamii, valandamu) wuZuniAumoo)
Are our rooms ape kdmara lasti-da upa?/ ka^muru lasî-fAu
ready ? (or suddnam-kara- (sootAa/mum-kurula/i-
Id-da) f/m)?
102
English. Sinhalese (romauized). Pronunciation.
I want a bedroom mata ydtapena-kd- mutu saîipenu-ka/anu-

marayak ona ruyuk o/ma
Let me see the kdmaraya halanta kaAmiiruyu buluntu
room mata idadenu mutu iduf/tenoo
What is the rent me kdmaraye kuliya may kahumviiyay kooliyu
of this room ? klyada keeyut/m ?
That is too dear eya hohoma ganan- eyii bohomii gu7iun-
vddiyi (or aldbayi) wadiyi (ulaAbuyi)
I want a cheape ita Idba (or yanan- eetii la/ibu (gmum-udoo)
room adu) kdinarayak kaAmuruyak mutu o/ma
mata ona
Are there any mata liyum tibena- mutu liyoom îbenu-
letters for me ? vdda (or tibet-da) wa/i-f/m [thiheth-tJm)?
Where is the w.c. ? vddkiliya (or kak- wasikiZiyu (kukkoossiyu)
knssiya) koheda kohaytJiu ?
Can I have a warm unu vatura-ndmak oonoo wu^-ooru namuk
-
bath ? ganta puluvan-da guntu poo/dowun-f//u?
Give me
the key of maye kdmare yatura mugay kahmuvay yutJioo-
my room mata diyan ru mutii t/iiyun
Bring me some U71U ratura tikak 007Z00 wuôoru tikuk
warm water mata yenen matu ge«en
Take my luggage maye barabaddara mugay burubut/<(/iuru
down pahalata genayapan puhuZiitu ge^zuyupun
Give me a candle, mata itipandamak mutu iti-punfAumuk
please denta hondayi thentu honf/iuyi
We leave early to- api heta uddsaninma upi hetu dbthahsuniuuiu
morrow morning pitatva yannemu pituÂvu yunnemoo
Call me at seven hatata mata anda- huMtu mutu undu-
gahapan (or katd guhupun (kuthah
karapan) kurupun)
Wake me at five pahata md pubudu- puhutu mah poobooÂoo-
vapa n[ov kuddapan) wupun (koof/i^/tupun)
Breakfast. (Alumnsuva gdnayi.)

(For Vocabularies see pp. 26, 85—87.)
Is breakfast ready? alum,usuva lasti-da i uloomoosoowulasî-^/m?

Breakfast ready alumusuva lastiyi
is uloomoosoowu lasîyi
Is the tea made ? te vatura suddnam thayvfuthooixi soothah-
karald-da num kurula/t-t/m ? \
Do you drink ... ? numba bonavd-da noombu bonuwaA-t/ju ?

. . . . . .
103
This cream is sour me kiri-yodaya am- may kiri-yoÂuyu ambool

hul veldyi wela/iyi
Will you take ...? niimha ... sappdyanv noombu ... sapipahyung
venavd-da wenuwah-tlm ?
These eggs are me bittara dddilesa may bi^îiru f/iadilesu
hard tambald tibet [yan ûmbulaA thihetji
Give me some salt rnata lunu tikak di- mutu ldo7to6 tikuk thiyun
Pass me the salt- liinu-kuppiya md ldo?j6o-kuppiyu mah
cellar lanyata ecdpan [ve
[fresh lu?i^gutu ewa/ipun [way
This butter is not me vendaru alut no vaay wenduroo uloo^ no
Bring some more tava tikak genen ^'Uwu tikuk genen
Is the coffee strong kopi sd/iena pamana- koApi sahenu pumwiutu
enough ? ta sdrada (tada-da) saru-i/iu {thi\thu-f]m)^
We want more apata tava koppa uputii ûwii ko/ippu
cups ond [hondayi o/ma [hont/myi
Take some more .. tava ... tikak ganta ûwii . . . tikuk guntu
A piece of toast tost'kdllak, karakala toAst-kalluk, kurukuû
pdn-pettak Tpahn-êthtjiuk
A rasher of bacon bekan pettak haykmi ipetjitjiuk
Coffee with milk kiri musu kopi kiri moosoo koApi
Coffee without milk kirivat yodayavat nu kiriwu^ yoi/tiiyuwu^
or cream musu kopi [nal noo moosoo koApi [nuk)
Coffee only kopi vitarak (pama ko/ipi wif/zuruk (pumu-
Remove the things (inese) askarapan {mayse) uskurupun
(from the table)
Dinner. (Praddna kdma gdnayi.)

(For Vocabularies see pp. 25, 85—87-;
Show me the kdma-ganan-lcka- kamu-guîun-lrtj/kunuyir

bill-
of-fare naya mala penvapan mutu penwûpun
What have you silddnam-kara ti- sooi/m/tnum-kuru 4îben-
ready ? benne koyivd-da nay koyiwah-thii ?
What soup will you man a sup {Jiodi) n um-soop (hoÂi) noom-monu
have ? ba bmita kdmati-dabu bontu kMmitJii-thu?
May I give you numbata mdlu tikak noombutu mahloo tikuk
some fish ? bed anna- da hetJiunn-a-tJm ?
Fried seer-fish hddapu tora mdlu bai/mpoo tjiohvu maJdob
What wine will you mona vdyin numba monu wayin noombu
have ? bonta kdmati-dd bontu kamuî-f/m?
We shall dine at apt tunata kdma upi ôowutii kamu kun-
three o'clock kanyiemu nemoo
104
English. Sinhalese (romanlzed). i

Pronunciation.
Are you hungry or nuriihata hadagini-da noombutu budugini-t/<u

thirsty ? ndtnam jjipcisa-da na^num pipa/isu-i/m
(or tibaha-da) (îbuhu-(/m) ?
I am very thirsty mata bohoma tiba- mutii bohomu îbuhuyi
hayi (or jnpdsayi) (pipa/tsuyi)
What shall I help numbata kumak be- noombutu koomuk h^th-
you to ? danna-da;numbata unnu-iM ? noombutu
bedanne makkd-da bei/tunnay mukka/i-iM?
Which do you koyivdta-da{ov mona koyiwa/itu-^/iu (monu
prefer ? deyata-da) numba t/ieyutii-t/iu) noombu ka-
No, thank you epd, stutiyi [kdmati epa/?,s^doîyi [muî?
Help yourself beddganta hondayi hei/ia//guntu hontAuyi
It is excellent eya anargayi [pan eyu unurguyi [pun
Change the plates ping an mdrukara- ipinggahii ma//rdokuru-
Give me a clean pirisidu gdrppuvak pirisi^/<oo gaArppoowuk
fork mata diyan mutii thiyun
A clean knife pirisidn (or Siidda) pirisii/ioo (sooi/ithu)
inhiyak piliiyuk
Bring me a glass matavatura vlduru- mutu v/uôorii weethoo-
of water vak genen roowuk ge7ien
Give me something bonta mokavat [or yam bontii mokuwu^ (yum
to drink deyak) mata diyan thejuk) mutu thijxin
Tea, {Te-bima sambandayi.)

For Vocabularies see pp. 25, 35—37.)
Tea is ready te-vatura lastiyi thay-wuthoovii lastiyi

Will you come ? numba enavd-da noombii enuwah-thii ?
Pour out the tea te vakkarajmn thay wukkiiriipun
Bring a saucer plHsiyak genen peerisiyuk ge??en
Ring, if you please karundkara slniya kurd6?iaAkiirii seeniyii
gahanu (or tattu- guhunoo (ûttoo-
karanu) kurunoo)
A little more milk tava tikak kiri ûwu tikuk kiri
More bread tava pdn pa An ûwu
A slice of bread
vendaru sahita (or wenduroo suhiû {gah-
and butter gdpu) pdn-pettak poo) ipahn-ipetht_h\ik
Will you take some numba kek (kdvum) noombu kayk (kawoom)
cake ? kdllak sappdyam kalluk suppa/iyu/i^-
V enavd-da wenuwa/i-t/tu ?
A small piece kudd kdllak koodaA kalluk
This is excellent tea me anarga teyi may unurgu thayi
105
Health. {Sanipa-sambandayi.)
(For Vocabnlaries, see pp. 32—36)
How are you ? sayilpakohoma-da suneepu kohomu-û ?

I am very well mata honda sani- mutu hon^/tii suneepuyi
payi ; honda sanl- hont/iu suneepen
pen sitimi sitimi
I am ill mata asampayi mutu usuneepuyi;
mama asanlpayen mumu usuneepuyen
(or ledin) sitimi (ledin) sitimi
I am not very well mata boho sanlpa
boho/i suneepu mutu
ndhd naha
I hope you will numhe sanipaya ik- n6omb«2/ suneepuyu ik-
soon be better manin diyunu-ven- mu/iin ^/dyoo??o6-wen-
neyayi baldporot- nayywji bula/i-poro^-
tuvemi ôowemi
Do you sleep well numbata honddkdra noombutu hon^/iaAka/iru
mnda Idbenavd-da nin^/iu labeniiwaA-f/m ?
Pretty well, thank taramak hondata ûrumuk hon«/mtu
you Idbe, stutiyi laba?/, sôoîyi
I have caught a mama sitak aran mumu seeûk urun
chill sitimi \jiavd sitimi [nuwa/i
I feel sick mage bada dangala mvigay budu thmiggxAxi-
Send for a doctor dostar-kenek (or ^/iosûr-kenek (wef/iek)
vedek) genvapan genwupun (kan^/ju-
(or kdnda-vapan) wupun)
I want to see a . . ... balanta (dakin- ... buluntii (t/mkintu)
ta) ond o/jna
She has a cough dta kdssak tibe ; a atu kassuk tKihay a ;
kdssakin pele kassukin pe/a?/

Where is there a rasdyana-behet-sdp- rusa/iyunu behet^ sa/ip-
chemist's shop ? puvak koyiba tibe-da poowuk koyibu thi-
hay-tJm ?
How much the eka gamanakata
is eku gumunukutu thos-
doctor's fee for a dostara gdstuva thuiXL gahsthoovfVL koc-
visit? koccara-da Curu-iM ?
Have this prescrip- me vattoruve liyd may wnttohrooway liyah
tion made up tibena beheta sd- îbenu beheû sah-
davd diyan thuwah thiynn
One tablespoonful mesa hdndak pur a Toaaysu haniAuk poora^
three times a davasata tun sdra- i/iuwusutu ^don saru-
day yak ganu yuk gunoo
106
To be taken after eka eka kamen pasu eku eku kamen pusoo
each meal ganu gunoo
Shake the bottle botale holavanu hohthulai/ holuwunoo
Outward applica- pitingamata pama- pitin gamutu pumuwuyi
Poison [tion only vaaa [V'^yi wusu
The Time. (
Veldva gdnayi,)
(For Vocabulary see p. 28.)
Please tell me the mata veldva kiyanu mutii wela/iwii kijiinoo

time mdnava manuwu ?
What time is it ? veldva klya-da waylahwu keeyu-Âu ?
Ten minutes past hata jjahuveld vind- huîi puhoowela/i
seven di dahayayi winaMi ^/mhuyuyi
It has just struck meddn namaya maytha,n numuyu ût-
tat-
nine tuvund too-woona/i
The clock is striking oralosuva tattuve- orulo/isoowu ûttoo-
navd wenuwa/i
A quarter past one eka pahuveld vinddi eku puhoowek/j winaAdi
paJialohayi; ekakut puhuZohuyi ekukoo^ ;
pdya kdlayi payu kaMuyi

It is past one dan eka pahiiveldyi thsin eku puhoowelaAyi
Half-past four hatara-Jiamdrayi huûru-humaAruyi
Twenty minutes to hayata vinddi vis- huyutu wina/idi wissuyi
six sayi
A quarter to eight atata {pdya) kdlayi utiitu (pajû) kaMuyi
By my watch mage at-oraldsuve mugay uih-ovnlohsdo^Yay
prakdrayata pruka/iruyutu
Exactly 3 o'clock veldva hariyatama wa?/la/iwu huriyutumu
tunayi ôoMuyi
At what time ? koyi veldvata-da koyi wa?/la/iwutu-f Au ?
9.0 a.m. ude namayatayi oothay numuyutuyi
7.0 p.m. savasa hatatayi suwusu huûtuyi
It is not late daval veld ndJid t/mwul welaA naha
It is early veldsanayi wai/la/isunuyi
Post-office and Telegrams. {Tdpdl ddiya gdnayi.)

(For Vocabulary see p. 60.)
Where is the tele- viduli-pravrtti (or j

wiÂooli-pruwri^î-
graph {or post-) tdpdl-) kantoniva (iAapal-) kunthoh-
office? koheda \
roowu kohay£/m ?
107
Have you any let- ... ma- ...oonnahai/tii (muhu^-

iinndheta (o
ters [telegrams, hatmaydta) muya/ttii) liyoom [with-
liifum
newspapers] for [viduli-pravrtti, ooli-pruwri^î, pru-
Mr. ...? pravrtti-patraj tibe- wri^î-pu^rii] îbe-
navd-da (or tihet-da) nvLwaJi-thu (thiheth-thu)^
Will this letter go me liyamana ada may liyumiinu uthu ra
to-uight ? I'd tdpdlen ydvida âpalen yahwithu
(or yanne-da) (yunnay-t/m) ?
What is the postage me liyume muddara- may liyooma^ axooth-
of this letter ? (td})dl-) gdstuva thmu- (/Aapal ) gahs-
koccara-da thoowu koccuru-iM?
I want to register liyumak rijistar- liyoorauk rijistur-kiirun-
a letter [charge ? karanta ona [d.a tu ohna, [tJm ?
What is the gdstuva kopamana- gahstho6\YU kopumuwu-
Name and address arinndge (or yavan- nrmnahgay (yuwunna/i-
of sender ndge) nam a gam a gay) numu gumu
Reply paid uttara-gdstuva geva- ootJithiiYu-gahsthdoviu
na ladl gewunu \uthee
When the next a nit tdpdla koyi-ve- un\th papain koyi-way-
is
delivery ? Idvata ldbevi-da(oY k/iwutii l&haywi-thu (be-
bedajiu labayine-da) thnnoo luhunnay-tJm)?
When doesthe tdpdl-kantoruva kl- âpal-kunô/troowu
post-office close? yata vahdn-da (or keeyutu wuha/iwi-t/m
vahanne-da) {wuhunnay-thu) ?
Is the English mail englantenena tdpdla eiigglunthen enu papain
in yet ? dan dvilld tibe-da th&n awilla/i thihay-tJm
!
(laiigd veld tibe-da) {\u.nggahwe\ah thihay-thii)
In Town. (Nagara-saficdraya gdnayi.)

(For Vocabulary, see p. 80.)
Where shall api kohdta yamu-da upi kohahiu yumoo-^M ?

we go ?
Let us go [to...? yamii [kada yumoo [kuf/iu ?
Which is the way ...-ta yana mag a kd ...-tu yunu mugu ko/i-
W^here does this me pdra (or maga) may pa/iru (mugu) ko-
road lead to? kohdta yanne-da haMu yunnrti/-t/tu ?
Go up the street vltiye ihala dihd- weethiyai/ ihulu thihah-
vata yanu (or wutii yunoo (puluyun)
palayan) [ra-da [ru"î/tu?
Is it far from here? metanahita eya du- meûnuhitu eyu thoo-
How far is it to... ? . . . -ta kopamana . . . -tu kopumu«,u ^c^ru-
dura- da (M?
108
Show me the way mata maga penva- mutu mugu penwupun

pan
Turn to the right dakunu pdttata (or thukooyioo paî/zutu
dakunata) hdriyan (tAukdo?2utu) hariyun
(hdrenu) (harenoo)
Go quickly vigahata yanu (or wiguhutu yunoo (pulu-
palayan) yun;
Go slowly hemin palayan hemin puluyun
Go straight on kelinma palayan kelinmii puiuyun
Keep to the left pare varnat ayina iâJivay wumu^ uyinii
dige palayan thigay puluyun
Second turning to dakunn-pdtte devnii thukoondb-jifiththay the-
the right haraspdra (vam- veni burus-pa^ru
guva) (wu/2^go6wu)
Cross the road para haraha anit pa/iru huruhu uni^
pdttata palayan pa^ûtu puluyun
In what street ? koyi vltiyehi-da ... koyi weethiyehi-f/m
. . . . . .
Is this the way me ...-ta yana uiay ...-tu yunu ipah-

to...? pdra-da lU-thVL ?
Do you know Mr. numba F. nnndhe noombu F. donnahay
F. ? andunanavd-da unt/iOonunuwa/t-^M ?
I don't knov/ any- e nama dti kidvek ay numu aî kisiwek
one of that name mama andunanne mumu i\ntho6n\innay
ndhd naha
I know him very mama ohu bohoma mumu ohoo bohomu
well hondata aiidunami honf/iiituuntAoouumi
Who he ?
is eyd kav-da eyah kuw-f/m ?
He an old friend eyd (or unndlie) mage eyah (donnaha//) mug ay
is
of mine parana ydluvekya puru?iu ya/iloowekvu
Where does he live? unndhe kohe vasa- donnabay kohay wusuyi-
yi-da thVL?
Close by (me) md kittuvaya mah kittoowuyu
Can you take me honda hotalayakata honf/iu ho/ituluyukutu
to a good hotel? md kdtuva yanta mah katoowu yuntii
puluvan-da poo/oowun-f/m ?
Is Mr. F. (Mrs. F.) F. unndhe {F. no- F. oomiaha?/ (F. nohnah-
at home ? ndmahatmayd) muhnthnmy ah) gethn-
gedara-da rH-thii ?
Have you a card ? innba laiiga kdrd oombu \\mgn kahrd ekuk
ekak (or ndma slt- (na/tmu seettoowuk)
tuvak) tiyenavd-da th\y eimv^' ah -t Jill?
109
Enslish. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronnn elation.
Give him my card mage hard eka mahgay kahid ekii (nah-
(or ndma slttuva) mu seettoowu) ohootu
ohuta dlpan [no) ^/teepun
I will call again ndvata ennemi {en- nawuû ennemi (enyu.)
Does he expect numba eviyayi kiya noombu ai/wiyuyi kiya/t ?
you? ohu bald porottu- ohoo hnlah iporothlhoo-
venavd-da wenuwa/i-?M ?
He is expecting nuiiiba ennehiyayi noombu ennehiyuyi oon-
you imndhe bald porot- nsihay hulah poro^-
tu ve ^00 wa?/
I have an engage- ohu sambaventa ohoo sumbuwTntu mumu
ment with him mama porondu vl poron^//6o wee sitimi
Good morning V ,_ , hitimi
ahyoo bo/iwun
ayu bovan^ '-
Good evening /
Welcome svdgatam [772 a- da swahguthnm ! [thii ?
How do you do ? sdpa koho- sapu suneepu kohomu-

sanipa
I am very well mama bohoma sanl- bohomu suneepen mumu
pen sitimi sitimi
I must go mama yuntu o/ma
yanta ond mumu
Good-bye, farewell gohin enyah (ennemi)
goliin eiina {en7\emi)-
[The reply to above] hondayi,gohinva reii hon^/myi, gohin wuren
:
What is the name ara game, nama urii gujnay numu mo-
of that village ? 7noka-da (kumak-da) muk-f/iu (koomuk-Âu) ?
What sort of a eya koyi dkdra (keeyu koyi ahkahiu (kebun-
road is it? bandu) magak-da thoc>) muguk-t/m (pa/i-
{j>drakda) ruk-iM) ?
Shopping. (Kade ganu denu ydnayi.)

(For Vocabularies, see pp. 29—28, 85, 44.)
How much ? kiyada, koccarada keeyuthu ? koccuruf/m ?

That is too much eya bohoma vddiyi ; eyu bohomu wadiyi
eya bohoma ganan eyu bohomu gu7ran
vddiyi [yada) wadiyi [th\i ?)
What is the price mila koccarada {Jd- milu koccurutM (keeyu-

Will you send them evd ekenehima ya- aywah ekewehimu yu-
at once ? vanavd-da wunuwa/i.-t/iu ?
Please send them evd ekenehima ya- aywah ekeîehimu yu-
at once vanta hondayi wuntu hont/iuyi
Send them to ... evd ...-ta yavdpan ayvfah ...-tu yuwaApun
{arapan) (arupun)
1 May there be long life .
" I will go and come ; a u revoir. - Good, go and come.
110
I wish to buy ... . , . mileta ganta ... milrti/tu guntu mutu

mata kdmatiyi kamuîyi
I will take this i
mama meya (rneica) mumu meyu (mfl?/ku)
gannemi [mata ona gunnemi [mutu oAna
I want some calico kciliko nam kapupili kaliko/i num kupoo piZi
I should like to see pitta pati tikak ha pee^l^-u puti tikuk bu-
some ribbons lanta mata kamatiyi luntu mutii kamuîyi
This colour is too me pdta onavata may pa/itu o/mawutii
—
dark light vadd anduniyi — wuda/i untAoorooyi
suduyi soot/iooyi
Have you any nar- mita vadd patiiwd meetu wuda/i putoowa/i
—
rower broader? ( palalwd) tiyena- ( —
puZulwa/i.) îyenu-
vd-da wah-thijL ?
What is the value meyin ydruvak ki- meyin ya/iroowuk kee-
of a yard of yada or meyin yd- yut/iu ?meyin yah-
this? (What is ruvaka mila kopa- roowuku milu kopu-
this a yard ?) manada '[mokada, muwui/m ? (mokutAu,
meya ydruvak- da) meyu yaAroowuk-^/iu?)
It is faded eya vivarna vl tihe; eyu wiwurnu wee thibay;
OT eke pdta gohilldya aykay pa/itu gohillaAyu
Not so fine opamana hlnvd (or opiimuwu heenwa/t (si-
siyum-vd) epd yo6m-w ah) eipah
This will do meya sahevi mevu sahaywi
A skein of sewing mahana pata nul muhunu putii nool
silk kdrdllak karalluk
Try on these mevd dnda balanu maywah anf/tu bulunoo
They fit you very 7iumbata meivd hon- noombutu mat/wa/i hon-
well ddkdra liettuveti thahkahrvi haythtJioo-
What they a makkdda evd kuita- mukkahthu ay-
are [weî
pair? mak-da waA koot-tumuk4/iU ?
It is too dear eyabohoma aldbayi eyii bohomu ula/ibuyi
Make out my bill mage hila [ganan- mugay hiln (gu;iun-put-
patraya) liyddiyan ruyu) liya^ thiynn.
Shooting. (Dadayam-kirima gdnayi.)

(For Vocabulary, Bee p. Bl.)
Have I to obtain meJii dadayam A:^?^- mehi f/iuduyum kiree-

permission to mata avasara ganta mutu uwiisuru guntu
shoot here ? ond-da ohnsL-thu ?
To whom must kdgen mama avasara kaho;en mumu uwusuru
apply ? illunta ond-da iUuntu o/tna-t/iu?
Ill
What kind of game yiiehi kumana dada- mehi koomunu <7iudu-

can
I get here ? yapi karanta hdki-da yum kuruntu haki-i/iu?
Elk, deer, hare, wild gonnu, viuva, hd, go/mnoo, moowu, hah,
buffalo, boar, fox, val-harak, val-uru, wul'huruk, wul-ooroo,
leopard, bear, nari, koti, valas, at, nuri, koti, wulus, Q>th,
elephant, &c. ddi dadayam-ya ahthi i/iuduyum-yu
What is the rent ? badda koccara-da hnththu koccuru-(Au ?
How many hunting dadayam ballan kl- t/iuduyum buUun kee-
dogs will you let denek mata denne- thenek mutu t/ienne-
me have ? Jii-da hi-f/iu?
Are the dogs {dadayam-karanta) (f/iuduyum-kuruntu) bul-
properly trained hallo hoiiddkara \oh honthahkahm poo-
(tohunt) ? purudu-karald-da roothoo-kvivulah-thu ?
Keep the dogs ballan issarahata bullun issuruhutu entu
back enta no di natara no thee nuûru kuru-
karagan gun
Load my gun mdge tuvakkuva mahgay ôowukkoowu
^ _
patavapan putuwupun
Carry my gun mdge tuvakkuva mahgay ôowukkoowu
geniyapan ge/iiyupun
Give me some cart- pataron klpayak puûron keepuyuk mutu
ridges niata diyan thiyun
Do not fire vedi tiyanta epd wedi îyuntu epa/i
Let me
have a shot nuihbe tuvakkuve7i noomhay ôowukkoO-
with your gun vedillak tiyanta wen wedilluk t/iiyuntu
mata ida diyan mutu idu thiyun
To cock a gun tuvakkuve kokd ôowukkoowa?/ koka^
adi7ita uthmtvL
Fishing. (Mdlu dlllma gdnayi.)

(For Vocabulary, see p. 61.)
Is there any fish- me asalamay usulu yum kisi

yam kisi
ing to be had tdnaka mdlu allan- ânuku mahloo ul-
near here ? ta puluvan-da luntu -pooloowun- thu. ?
Must I first obtain mala allayita avasa- mahloo ulluntu uwusu-
permission to ra palamu kota ru puZiimdo kotu gun-
fish? ganta 6nave-da tu ohna>-way-thu ?
What is the rent for megaiige (vdve, po- may gunggay (wawa?/,
fishing in this river kune) mas-mdrlm- ipokoonay) mus-mareem-
(lake, pond) ? (or kevul-) badda (kewool) butJitJtu. koccu-
koccara-da ru-(M ?
112
Can I get the sole main allanta mulu ma/iloo ulluntu mooloo
right of fishing ? balaya mata gata buluyu mutu guf//-u
hdki-da haki-t/iu?
Can I have a boat orukdrayek samara orookaAruyek sumugu
and boatman ? oruvak mata lal/d oroowuk muiu luba/t
gata hdki-da guû haki-f/m ?
What you pdyakata [davasa- payukutu (i/tuwusukutu)
do
charge for the kata) umhe kullija umhay kooleeyu {gah-
hour (day) (or gdstuva) kocca sthoowa) koccuru-iM?
The oar hahala [ra-da hubulu
Have you brought tikak {inokavat) dim tikuk (mokuwu^) am
some bait ? vmha gendvd-da oombu genahwah-thii ? \
Will you bring a dmak genenta hon- amuk gewentu honfûyi ?

bait? dayi
What bait must I mona dmakdamanta monu amuk <7tumuntu
use? ona-da ohivd-thu ?
Give me a hook hili-katuvak mata bili-kutoowuk mutu thi-
diyan yun
Wîll you bait my mage hili-lanuvata muga?/
.
bill
.
lunoowutu
-
_
line? dmak dam,dpan amuk thumahûu ?
Give me my mage bili-pitta diyan muga?/bili-piîAu tJdyiin
rod
Row gently (with- iyatura no solvd) (wuôoru no solwa/^)
out stirring the hemin oruva }mda- hemin oroowu paâ-
water) pan pun
Donotmakeanoise gosd karanta cpd gohshah kuruntu epa/i
Make haste ikmam karapan ikmung kurupun
The fishing is good mehi mdlu dlllma mehi mahlod alleemu
here liondayi honÂuyi
How much does me mdlu kuriydge may ma hlookooviy a hgay
-
this fish weigh? bara kopamana-da buru kopumii?iu-^/ai ?

Will you weigh it? eya kirdpan '
eyu kira/tpun ?
Commercial and Trading. (

Velandam sambandayi.)
(For Vocabulary s pp. 42! 46.)
Send in my account mage bila mugai/ bilu ew«/<pun

evdpan
I am leaving to- mama heta pitatvl mumu hetu pitu/Tiwee
morrow yannemi yunnemi
Giv« r-ê a receipt kuvitansiyak mata koowiûnsiyuk mutu
diyan thiyMn
Show me the ayavdya lekanaya uyu wayu la?/kunuyu
balance-sheet mata penvdpan mutu penwa//pun
113
What are the gevanta Hyena naya gewuntu îyenu nuyfi

liabihties ? kopamana-da kopiimunu-fAu ?
There is an error umbe ganane vdra- oomhay gununay waru-
in your account dillak tibe Âilluk thihay
My samples are mage mostra badu mugay mohsthru budoo
delayed nataram tibet nuûruwee îbe^
I want to get them evd reguven mama aywah raygoowen mumu
through the bird gunta ona hayrah guntu o7ma
Custom House
This cheque needs me cdk eke pitipdtte may cak ekay pitipa^-
endorsing atsankaranta ona thay u^sun-kuruntu
o/ma
Have you declared baduvala vatind- budoowulu wutinaA
the value ? kama sahatika kumu suhuîku
kald-da kulah-thu ?
I will prepay the geiia ydmeviyadama genuyahmay wiyui/mmu
carriage kalin gevannemi kulin gewunnemi
Give me your esti- umbe ta kse ruva mat a oombay thuksayvoowt
mate liyd diyan rautu liyah thijun
Quote me a price mila gaiianak mata milu gu7?unuk mutu
kiydpan kiya/ipun
Public Works. {Goda7idgili sambandayi.)

Come here with urhbe uddllat aran oomhay oothalluth urun
your hoe mehe varen mehe wuren
Bring (it) here {eya) mehdta genen (eyii) mehÂtu geîen
Don't dig there etana kotanta (or eûnu kotuntu (hah-
hdranta) epd runtii) epa/t
Dig wider tava palal-lesa ûwu puZul-lesu hah-
hdrapan rupun
How many men are kalava kapd ddml- kalawu kupa^ f/iamee-
wanted to cut the mata minisun ki- mutu minisoou kee-
jungle ? denek ona- da thenek ohna^-thu ?
Six men are wanted pdre vddata minisun, âhvay wadutu minisoon
for road work hayadenek ond ImyufAenek o/ma
i
Send three men to vaduvdta udavvena' wudoowaAtu uÂuwwenu

help the carpen- pinisa minisun tun piwisii minisoon ^don
ter denek yavdpan fAenek yuwa^pun
j
Take eight men to pdlama sadimata ,pa/ilumu sat/ieemutu

build the bridge minisun ata denek minisoon utu f/ienek
aragan urugun '
Sinhalese S.-T.
IIA
English. Sinhalese (romanlzed). Pronuuciatiou.
"What kind of soil ehi him a (or pas) ehi bimu (pus) monu
is there at that mona dkdra-da rt/ika/tru-i/m ?
place ?
Very sandy bohoma vdli-musuya bohomu wali-moosooyii
Where was this stiff me iiku mdti kolien \nay ookoo mati kohen
clay got ? labd gattd-da luba/i guththah-tJiU.
This is exceedingly meya itdm.at kd?taka meyu ithahmutji kahsh-
hard ground bimaya tiiku bimuyu
The hoe will break ud cilia kddevi dot//allu kadai/wi
A pickaxe will be mehi (^ketlinata) mehi (keteemutu) piku-
required here pikamak d7id vevi muk o/tna wa^/wi
Remove the stones alavamquvakin gal uluwu/j^goowukin gul
with a crowbar ahak-karapan uhuk-kurupun
Blast out the rock gala (or parvataya) gulu (purwutuyu) p66-
pupuravapan pooruwupun
Put aside stones attivdramata sudit-
all u^îwa/irumutu soo-
suitable for the suvu gal-kdta si- t/ioosoowoo gul-katu
foundation yallama pdttakata siyullumu pa^û-
damanii kutu dumuDOO
The space is not ida madly idu muf/iiyi
sufficient
Measure a foot and adi eka hamdrak udi eku huma/iruk
a half mdnapan manupun
Level thirty feet pafisd patten tava adi pussa/i pa^ên ûwu
further back tihak (dura) sama udi (/îhuk (thooru)
tald karapan snuinthulah kurupan
The ground is very bima boJioma bund bimu bohomu boorool
soft ; you must (or erena) nisd (erenu) msah lalluk
therefore lay lallak eld damd- e\ah ^/mmrt/<pun
down a plank pan
Bring the line and attivdrama
lakanu uththiwahrmim lukdo?/do
pegs to mark out karanta bim ma kuruntu bim muninu
the foundation nina lanuvayi li lunoowuyi lee anuyi
dnayi genen ge?zen
Must this work he: me vdde ad a karanta may wada// nthu. kuruntu
done to-day ? ond-da '
o/ma-i/m ?
How do you ar-lwe pornwe gadol may Tpohrnobway gudol
range the bricksl kese aduk karana- kesay udook-kurunu-
in this kiln ? vd-da yvah-t/m ?
I want to build a mama geyak goda mumu geyuk godu-
house naganta ona nuguntu ohnsk
1
116
When will you vdda takseru ganan wadu thîksayroo gu7?un

bring me the lekanaya kavadd ]a?/kunuyu knwuf/iah
estimate ? genennehi-da genen-nehi-thu 9
Your estimate is umbe takseriiva bo- oomhay ûksa^roowu
too high homa vddiyi bohomu wadiyi
You are wasting umba himu apate oombu hoo?200 mîithay
lime arinavd urinuwa/i
Let the doors and kavulu-doraval hari- kuwooZoo-Âoruwul hiiri-
windows be well ydkdra hettuvena yahkahvu. hayththob-
fitted lesa piliituvanta wenu lesu pihitoo-
salasvdpan wuntu suluswaApun
The plastering of bittiye baddma ka- hiththiyay hiithahmu
the wall must be! dima lesa (or yasa kui/iimulesu (yusu
done neatly ruvata) gdnta ona roowutu) ga/mtu o/ma
White ants will at- veyo ll kdvi ; evdye wayyoh lee ka/twi ay- ;
tack the timber tera gdpan ^xahyay thayru gaApun

tar it
These tiles are not me idu honda ndhd may ooZoo honiAu nalia
good
If a heavy shower tada vdhivaldvak thuthvL wahiwula/iwuk- -
of rain falls, vdssot, ulu boho- wasso^ oo/oo boho-

many of the tiles mayak ndtivl muyuk naîwee yunu-
will be destroyed yanavd dta vva/i aû
Thatch the roof vahala (or piyassa) wuhulu (piyussu) sewili
sevili karapan kurupun
Is the thatch Seville piduru (or sewillaz/ pitAooroo (uôo)
ready ? atu) Idsti-da \asthi-thu ?
Fasten it firmly tadalesa savi-kara- thnthu lesu suwi-kuru
pan pun
Tar the floor bima tera gdpan bimu thayru gaApun
Put cement over it Ipita sem.enti-badd- eepitu semen î-bufAa 7i-
ma damdpan (or mu (/iuma/ipun {gah-
gdpan) pun
Lay large stones loku gal harahata lokoo gul huruhutu û-
across tabdpan baApun
Bring the chain damvdla genen tAumwalu gewen
116
Planting. {Vdvili-karman ya ydnayi.)
English. Sinhalese (romanized). i Pronunciation,
How many coolies ufiiba langa kiiliA o mbu lungu koolee-ka/i-

ave you ? kdrayo kldenek ruyo/i keef/ienek siti^
dtit-da
How many of them ovungen kl-denek owoonsên kee-t/tenek
are women and gdnu-da kldenek g^noo-t/iu kee-i/ienek
children ? lamayo-da lunuyo/i-f/m ?
Are they good ovhu hohda vdda owhoo hon(/m wadu-
workers ? karuvo-da kurc6wo/i-i/(U ?
If yuu work for umbala mdlanga vd- oombulfl/i vaalilmiggVi
me, you must be da-karanavdnam, wadu-kurunuwa/mum,
diligent, orderly, kadisara-ka min-da kudisuru-kumin-iM
and obedient klkaru.-kamin-da keekuroo -kumiu - th u
pilivel-dtuva lidsi- piZiwel-aôowu hasi-
renta ona rentu o/ma
Call in the coolies kullkdrayanta an- koolee-ka/iruyu itu un-
dagahapan duguhupun
Muster them near hangaldva kittuva bu»r/gula/iwu kittoowu
the bungalow oviin perettukara- owoon perettookiiru-
vdpdn wa/jpun
On account of the vdssa Jiisd davas wassu nisa/i i/juwas hali-
rain you have bdgayaka vdda guyuku wadu pumu-
done only half pamanak umhald ?iuk oombulaA kum-
a day's work kammutu-kara mooôo-kuru tMhetJi
tibet
Take all dvuda
the toolssiyallama a/iwoof/m siyuUiimu uru-
aragan gun ^
Go to the hill kanda udata pala- kun^/m oodiitu puluyun
yan
Each man must eka eka minihd da- eku eku miniha/i i/iuwu-
dig forty holes a vasakata valaval siikutu wuZuwul hu^-
day hatalihak hdranta uZihuk ha/iruntu oAna
ond
Do not pull up the pdla iiguld damanta paZu oogoolaA tûmuntu
plants epd epa/i
Mark the place umha hdranta ond oombu ha/iruntu o/ma
where you must tana halakunu ânu huluk6o??oo-
dig karapan kurupun
Trample the earth pas pdga damdpan pus ])ahgah fAuma/ipun
down
117
Go and fetch the tavdnayata gos ûwaAnuyutu gos paâti

plants from the " I aran varen urun wuren
nursery
Take up the plants pas samaga pdl&ti pus sumugii paâti oopoo-
with the earth uputd (or uguld) iah (oogoola^) guiiin
ganin
Changing Money. {Salli mdrukinma gdnayi.)

Where can I get mata salli mdru- mutu sulli mah ookurii-
money changed? karaganta puluvan guntu poo/oowun ko-
kohe-da hay-tlm ?
Where is the hdnkuva {salli ba?///kdowii (sulli-ma/t-
bank (a money- III dr Ilka rannek) rookurunnek) kohay-
changer) ? kohe-da th\\J
I want change pavund pahe kada- puwoond puha?/ kudu-
for a five-pound ddsiyak (ndttuvak) tliahîyw'k (noAttoo-
note mdrukaraganta wuk) ma/irobkuru-
mata onR guntu mutu o/ma
Will you give me Laiikdve kdsi mata \wng\Lah\vay kahî'i mutii
Ceylon money? denta hotidayi Âentu honi'Auyi ?
What is Imgrislkdsivala nid- i/j^greesi kaAsiwulu vaah-
the
exchange on rnvakopam ana-da roowu kopumu?iii-f/al ?
English money? or Imgrid kdsi md- i/2o^greesi kaAsi m«/t-
ru kirlme vattama roo-kireema?/ wuttiunu
koccara-da koccuru-i/iu ?
Will you changi ratvan pavtimak ru^run puwoomuk mutu
me a sovereign? mata mdrukara ma/irdokuru i A en u -
denavd-da wah-thu ?
Will you cash this m,e cdk eka m a ta\ ma y c^k eku mutu ma h-
cheque for me ? mdrukaradenavd-da\ rookuru tiienuv7aJi-thu'^
Please give me gold ratran saha ridl ru^run suhu rif/?ee kah-
and silver, not kdsi mata denta si mutu fAentu hon-
paper money hondayi ; nottu i/iuyi noAttoo kaAsi

;
kdsi (or kdsi-patra) (kaAsi-puî'u) epaA

epd
A bill of exchange undiyalak, mudal- oondiyuluk, mooÂul-
huvamdru-patrayak hoowu-maArob- pu/A-
[sight [yiituyi ruyuk [ôoyi
It is payable at diituvita geviya iAobtobwitii gewiyu yoo-
Give me the rupiyal-salli-valin e roopiyul sulli-wulin ay
amount in rupees m,udala mata denu moo/Aulii mutu fhoiiob
AlONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES.
Ceylon Currency.
COPPER, i cent = .4^^^ farthiug. |

1 cent ^f farthing.
NICKEL. 5 cents = 3^ farthings.
SILVER. 10 cents = Ifd. 60 cents ... = Bd.

25 „ 4d. 1 rupee (100 cents) = Is. 4d.*
PAPER. 10 rupees = 13s. 4d. 100 rupees = £G 13s. 4d.

50 „ = £3 6s. 8d. 1,000 „ = £66 13s. -id.
Sinhalese Money, v/ith the Eng-lish and American

Equivalent Values. *.
Sinhalese. English. .•\merican.

100,000 rupees (1 lac) = £6,666 13 4 =$33,833.33
1,000 „ = 66 13 4 = 333.33
100 „ = 6 13 4 = 33.33
50 „ = 368 16.66
20 „ = 16 8 6.66
15 „ = 10 4.99
10 „ 13 4 3.33
8 1.06
4 „ 4 1.33
3 „ 1.00
1 rupee 4 .33
50 cents 8 .16
25 „ 4 .08
10 „ If .032
5 ,,
0± .016
English and American Money, with the Sinhalese

Equivalent Values.
English
119
WEIGHTS.
The English system of weights is now commonly used in
Ceylon ; rdttala (plural rcittal) is the name given to a pound
(avoirdupois) in Sinhalese. Among jewellers a kalaiida (plural
kalan) is a weight equal to about ^-^ of an ounce (Troy).
LINEAR MEASURE.
1 iikd ... ... = 1 viyata
7 viijata... ... =1 angala (finger-breadth)
12 angal ... ... — 1 viyata (span, about 9 inches)
2 riyat ... ... = 1 riyana (cubit, „ 18 inches)
4 riyan ... ... = 1 humbaya (fathom, 6 feet)
7 riyan ... ... = 1 yata (about 3| yards)
20 yata (140 cubits) = 1 ish'a ( ,, 70 yards)
SO isba ... ... — 1 yavuva {ne&rly h^ miles)
4. gav ... ... = 1 ii/orfi/?irt (about 13 miles)
N.B. — The term now in common use for an English mile is

hdtiikma (pron. hatokmu).
MEASURE OF CAPACITY.
2 pata ... = 1 )nandca (about 1 gill)
...
Îmand... = 1 âiiya or ser/rra (about pint)

... -^
^^-^ 7idU = 1 kunmiya ovla/ia
... 1 quart) { ,,
4 or 5 kuruni = 1 timba (about 1 gallon)

...
10 kuruni = 1 pala
... 10 gallons) { ,,
A pala ... = 1 rt/?nma (nearly 5 bushels)

...
These, when applied to surface measure, mean the areas of

land which can be sown with the respective quantities of seed
(especially paddy).
POSTAGE.
The postal rates from Ceylon to the United Kingdom are as
follows :
For Letters, 6 cents per ^ oz.
Postcards, 6 cents.
Newspapers, Scents for the first 50 grammes (If oz.), and

2 cents per 2 oz. afterwards.
P.O. S.127A
M-rlberoQgh's Self-TaUght Se
cliMifl«4 ^•ahiiT'mt and uitful ComreraatiM
whk tli« ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATK
•f •ry w«r4 to ftinngtd that tKvf majr bt Imrmtd AT A GL
APHIKAANS S«lf-TtHfl»t
Syrocuse, N. Y.
Stockton, Calif. BDDmMMMSb
RETURN
TO—*

Self Thought Sinhala

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B 3 56b OMO

This syttem taaches you the eas«ntlalf of

London : E. MAfU-fiOROUCH A CO. LTD.

European and Oriental Languages

DESIGNED primarily for TOURISTS and TRAVEL-

The Method followed throughout the Scries is to give

These books can he obtained through any bookseller.

POIl COMPLETE LIST OF LANGUAGES SEE PA&E 4 OF COVLM

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

ALL RIGHTS RSSBRVSO

I DEDICATE THESE PAGES,

AFFORDED ME IN MY LINGUISTIC STUDIES.

Printed and Made in Great Britain.

THIS manual is intended to supply a working knowled'ge of Sinhalese,

Having regard to the needs of students who work without a Teacher,

In the scheme of transliteration I have used full-faced type to mark

Further, as a guide to the proper intonation of Sinhalese words,

Conversational Phrases AND Sentences. (Pages 94-117).

Money, Weights and Measures I IS. 119

Postal Rates . 119

The Alphabet and Pronunciation.

The modern Sinhalese alphabet contains fifty-four letters,

(a) Initially, when they are denoted separately by regular

(b) Medially, or following and joined to a consonant to

form a syllable, when the vowel is represented by a sign

inherent in the consonant and not indicated by any sign,

2. CoxsovAXTS or (/(itdl-nru (Skt. fiafrdlmra, ^body-letters'):

The tbllowing table shows liow the eighteen medial-vowel

signs are attached to the foregoing thirty-four consonants,

'llie recommended to master the pronunciation

at the outset. The precise use and value of each phonetic

The principles on which Marlborough^s system of

u represents (always and only) the sound of u in cut, bun

ay represents the sound of a in able, pane (i. e. a simple

c represents (always and only) the sound of cA in church

t aspirated sound, approximately like th in pot-herb

d represents (always and only) the sound of d in door

b represents the sound of b in but

The World. {LoJca-visesa.)

Enrlish. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronunciation.

Air Iiulahga, vdtaya h6olii?l//gu, wa///7iuyu

fog mihidum mihi?//oom

Land and Water. [Gocla saha diya.)

Bank (of river, lake) tlraya theerxiyu.

English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronunciation.

crow kajjutd, kdkkd kupoota/t, kahkUah

feather pihdtta (pi. jnhdtu) piba/ittu (pihaAtoo)

neigh kJiUmava kooluniiw<//i

paw ^iifnja-pddayct) mrgii-i^ahthuyu.

quail ratiird (i^l.vatuvo) \vutooNV«// (wiitoowo//)

English. Sinhalese (romanized). Pronnncintion.

betel-creeper bulat-vdla (pi. -vdl) boolu^-walu (-wal)

Town and Country. (I^'ura a f^w-Mw raga.)

English. Sinhalese (ronianized). Pronunciation.

temple (Christian) palliya, devastdnn^ pulliyu, thatiwus>i\iah-

English. Sinhalese (romanizod). Pronunoiation.

uncle (paternal) hali]l\)ali

The Human Body. {>

English. Sinlialese (romanized). PronunclatioB,

blister bibula biboolii

dentist dat-vedd thviih-^NQthah

epidemic vasamgataya [nay wusu/7^gu/^u\ u [niiyu

— , enteric, typhoid una-sannipdtaya oo??u-sunnipa/<^uyu

headache isaradaya isu-ru?Aiiyu