Interfacing DC Motor with PIC Microcontroller

using L293D
By Ligo George MikroC, PIC Microcontroller, Tutorials DC
Motor, L293D, Microcontroller, PIC 132 Comments
Contents
 1 DC Motor and L293D
 2 Interfacing with PIC Microcontroller
o 2.1 Circuit Diagram
o 2.2 MikroC Source Code
 3 Download Here

This tutorial explains ” How to interface DC Motor with PIC Microcontroller ? “.

DC Motor and L293D

We can’t drive a DC Motor (depends) directly with a Microcontroller, as DC Motors
requires high current and high voltage than a Microcontroller can handle. Microcontrollers
usually operates at +5 or +3.3V supply and it I/O pin can provide only up to 25mA current.
Commonly used DC Motors requires 12V supply and 300mA current, moreover interfacing
DC Motors directly with Microcontrollers may affect the working of Microcontroller due
to the Back EMF of the DC Motor. Thus it is clear that, it not a good idea to interface DC
Motor directly with Microcontrollers.

The solution to above problems is to use H-bridge circuit.

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Basic H-Bridge DC Motor Driving

It is a special circuit, by using the 4 switches we can control the direction of DC Motor.
Depending upon our power requirements we can make our own H-bridge using
Transistors/MOSFETs as switches. It is better to use ready made ICs, instead of making
our own H-bridge.

L293D and L293 are two such ICs. These are dual H-bridge motor drivers, ie by using one
IC we can control two DC Motors in both clock wise and counter clockwise directions. The
L293D can provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to
36 V while L293 can provide up to 1A at same voltages. Both ICs are designed to drive
inductive loads such as dc motors, bipolar stepping motors, relays and solenoids as well as
other high-current or high-voltage loads in positive-supply applications. All inputs of these
ICs are TTL compatible and output clamp diodes for inductive transient suppression are
also provided internally. These diodes protect our circuit from the Back EMF of DC Motor.

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PIN Diagram of L293D

In both ICs, drivers are enabled in pairs, with drivers 1 and 2 are enabled by a high input
to 1,2EN and drivers 3 and 4 are enabled by a high input to 3,4EN. When drivers are
enabled, their outputs will be active and in phase with their inputs. When drivers are
disabled, their outputs will be off and will be in the high-impedance state.

Function Table of L293D

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Interfacing with PIC Microcontroller

Circuit Diagram

Interfacing DC Motor with PIC Microcontroller and L293D Circuit Diagram

Note: VDD and VSS of the pic microcontroller is not shown in the circuit diagram. VDD
should be connected to +5V and VSS to GND.

We can drive two DC Motors with one L293D, in this example we are using only the first
pair of drivers to drive one DC Motor. First pair of drivers are enabled by connecting
EN1 to Logic HIGH. IN1 and IN2 are connected to RB0 and RB1 of PIC Microcontroller
respectively which are used to provide control signal to the DC Motor. DC Motor is
connected to OUT1 and OUT2 of the L293D.

MikroC Source Code

void main()
{
TRISB = 0; // PORT B as output port
PORTB = 1; // Set RB0 to high
do
{
//To turn motor clockwise
PORTB.F0 = 1;
Delay_ms(2000);//2 seconds delay

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 //To Stop motor
PORTB = 0; // or PORTB = 3
Delay_ms(2000);//2 seconds delay

//To turn motor anticlockwise direction

PORTB.F1 = 1;
Delay_ms(2000);//2 seconds delay

//To Stop motor

PORTB = 0; // or PORTB = 3 (3 = 0b00000011)
Delay_ms(2000); // 2 seconds delay

}while(1);
}
Control Signals and Motor Status

RB0/IN1 RB2/IN2 Motor Status

LOW LOW Stops

LOW HIGH Anti-Clockwise

HIGH LOW Clockwise

HIGH HIGH Stops

Jun

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