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types of welds include flange welds, plug welds, slot welds, seam welds, surfacing
welds, and backing welds.
Types of Welds
Fillet Welds
A fillet weld joins two surfaces at an approximate right angle to each other. There are
several types of fillet weld:
A full fillet weld is a weld where the size of the weld is the same as the thickness of the
thinner object joined together.
A staggered intermittent fillet weld refers to two lines of intermittent welding on a joint.
An example is a tee joint (see below) where the fillet increments that are in one line are
staggered in comparison to the other line.
Chain Intermittent Fillet Weld: Refers to two lines of intermittent fillet welds in a lap joint
or T where the welds in one line are approximately opposite those in the other line.
Boxing which refers to the continuation of a fillet weld around a corner of a member. It is
an extension of the principal weld.
Convexity: Refers to the maximum perpendicular distance from the face of a convex
fillet weld to a line joining the toes.
Groove Welds
The second most popular type of weld is the groove weld. There are seven basic types
of groove welds, which are shown in figure 6-25.
The groove weld refers to beads that are deposited in a groove between two members
to be joined.
More examples are shown in figure 6-26. The type of weld used will
determine the manner in which the seam, joint, or surface is prepared.
Groove Welds
Illustrations of Types of Groove Welds
Surfacing Weld
These are welds composed of one or more strings or weave beads
deposited on an unbroken surface to obtain desired properties or
dimensions.
This type of weld is used to build up surfaces or replace metal on worn surfaces. It is
also used with square butt joints.
See figure 6-28 below for examples.
Plug Weld
Plug welds are circular welds made through one member of a lap or tee joint joining that
member to the other.
The weld may or may not be made through a hole in the first
member; if a hole is used, the walls may or may not be parallel and the
hole may be partially or completely filled with weld metal.
NOTE
A fillet welded hole or a spot weld does not conform to this definition.
Slot Weld
This is a weld made in an elongated hole in one member of a lap or
tee joint joining that member to the surface of the other member that is
exposed through the hole.
This hole may be open at one end and may be partially or completely filled with weld
metal.
Flash Weld
A weld made by flash welding. Flash welding is referred to as a resistance welding
process where fusion is produced over the entire abutting surface. Heat is created by
the resistance to the current flow between two surfaces and by the application of
pressure after heating is mostly complete. Flashing is accompanied by the expulsion of
metal from the joint.
Seam Weld
A weld made by arc seam or resistance seam welding where
the welding process is not specified. This term infers resistance seam
welding.
Spot Weld
A spot weld is a weld made by arc spot or resistance spot welding where the welding
process is not specified. This term infers a
resistance spot weld.
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Upset Weld
A weld made by upset welding. An upset weld is a resistance welding process where
fusion occurs progressively along a joint of over the entire abutting surface. The
application of pressure before heating is required and occurs during the heating period.
Heat comes from the resistance to the flow of electric current in the area of contact
between the surfaces.
Illustrations of Flash, Seam, Spot and Upset Welds
Welding Positions
Welding is often done on structures in the position in which they are found.
Techniques have been developed to allow welding in any position.
Some welding processes have all-position capabilities, while others may
be used in only one or two positions.
There are four basic welding positions, which are illustrated in figures 6-30 and 6-31.
a. Fillet Weld.
b. Groove Weld.
In this position, the axis of the weld lies in an approximately
horizontal plane and the face of the weld lies in an approximately
vertical plane. View B, figure 6-30, illustrates a horizontal groove
weld.
The pipe may or may not be rotated. Pipe welding positions are figure shown in figure 6-
32.