Switched Mode Power Supply

Design Solutions

Lei Xia, Ph.D.

Application Engineer
 Overview
w Introduction to Ansoft SMPS Design Resources
w Simplorer SMPS Library
w PExprt
w PEmag
w Streamlined Design Flow
w Example #1 - Buck Converter Design
w Example #2 - Forward Converter Design
 Simplorer SMPS Library
w SMPS Library written by University
of Madrid
w Insert library (SMPS6.smd) in the
Add Ons tab on the Model Tree
w Five sections in the library:
1) Advanced
2) Controllers
3) Control Modules
4) Power Converters (MAIN SECTION)
5) System Modeling
1) SMPS Library - Advanced
Advanced section contains
components necessary for
constructing:

w AC-DC supplies using

diodes and thyristors
w 3 phase Averaged
Power Supplies and
Inverters
w Park Transformation
models to convert
between “ABC” and
“dq0” components
2) SMPS Library - Controllers
Controllers section contains:
w Type 1, type 2 and type 3
controllers (integral, proportional-
integral, and proportional-integral-
derivative
w These are simple linear regulators
used as the control loop in DC-DC
converters or AC-DC converters

Type 1- I controller Type 2- PI controller Type 3- PID controller

3) SMPS Library - Control Modules
Control Module section contains:
w Elements commonly used to
create power converters such
as: MOSFETS, PWM,
Optocouplers, ...
w These control modules are
used to create converters
(topologies) not included in
power converters section of
the library
4) SMPS Library - Power Converters
Power Converters section contains:
w Average and Switch level models

w Non-isolated and Isolated

(transformers and inductors)
w Ideal and Non-ideal (includes
switch R,C parasitics or none)
5) SMPS Library - Power Converters
Average Models
w Can be used for both AC and
transient analysis
w Can be used to design control
loops (must use AC analysis)
w Both ideal and non-ideal
(includes switch R,C parasitics
or none)
w Better for complicated systems
such as multi-phase converters
w Can switch between
continuous and discontinuous
mode
6) SMPS Library - Power Converters
Switch-level Models
w Only non-ideal models
which contain parasitic
effects of switches, such
as resistance and
capacitance
w Can be used to
determine losses of
entire converter
7) SMPS Library - System Modeling
System Modeling
w Includes solar model for light
source (irradiance) and power
source (solar cell)
w Two types of battery models

w Includes a variable load (as

opposed to a variable resistance)
for changing load
 Example 1:
Buck Converter
Summary of Design Process
1) Use Simplorer to simulate a SMPS model Simplorer
2) Use PExprt to design inductor PExprt
3) Use PExprt Modeler [PEmag] to generate PEmag
a detailed netlist model
4) Use Simplorer to simulate the circuit with
PExprt inductor model
5) Use Simplorer (AC) to design feedback Simplorer
Control loop
6) Use Simplorer to Simulate the complete
System
Simulate in Simplorer with SMPS library

Use
Useswitch
switchlevel
levelBuck
BuckConverter
Converterfrom
fromSMPS
SMPSlibrary
library

Change
Changeduty
dutycycle
cycle
and
andinductor
inductorvalue
value
to achieve desired
to achieve desired
output
outputvoltage
voltage
Design Inductor with PExprt

Easy
Easytransition
transitionfrom
from
Simplorer to PExprt
Simplorer to PExprt

Build
Buildaawaveform
waveform
based
basedinductor
inductoror
or
buck converter
buck converter
in
inPExprt
PExprt
Design Inductor with PExprt

Run
Runthe
thePExprt
PExprt
model
model andselect
and select
the design
the design
you
youprefer
prefer

PExprt
PExprtdesign
designresults,
results,including
includingconstructive
constructivedata
data
Generate Model with PExprt Modeler [PEmag]

Generate
Generateaa
1D
1DAnalytical
Analytical
or
or a2D
a 2DFEA
FEA
based model
based model

Can
Caninclude
includecore
corenon-linear
non-lineareffects
effects
using
using Jiles-Atherton model if thecore
Jiles-Atherton model if the core
isisoperating in the nonlinear range
operating in the nonlinear range
Import and Simulate with PExprt Inductor Model

PExprt
PExprtModel
Modeland
andSymbol
Symbol

Simulate
Simulatethe
thePExprt
PExprt
model in Simplorer
model in Simplorer
Design Feedback Loop in frequency domain

This
Thiscontrols
controls
Add duty
dutycycle
cycleof
AddPID
PID of
controller switch to
switch to
controller Design
from
fromthe
the
maintain
maintain Designof
ofthe
thecontrol
controlloop
loop
SMPS constant with AC analysis of the Converter
SMPSlibrary
library constant with AC analysis of the Converter
output
outputvoltage
voltage
Specifically,
Specifically,select
selectRRand
andCC
in
inthe
thePID
PIDcontroller
controller
Feedback Loop Test: Simplorer Time Domain
Finally,
Finally,return
returnto
tothe
thetime
timedomain
domainanalysis
analysis
to
tosee
seehow
howthe
thebuck
buckconverter
converterperforms
performs

PID
PIDregulator
regulatorfrom
fromthe
theSMPS
SMPSlibrary
library

Load
LoadStep
Step

Regulated
RegulatedOutput
OutputVoltage
Voltage
 Example 2:
Forward Converter
Summary of Design Process
1) Basic design using Simplorer Simplorer
2) Study saturation effects using JA Model
3) Detailed design using PExprt PExprt
4) Model Generation with PExprt Modeler
[PEmag] PEmag
5) Use Simplorer to simulate the detailed
Simplorer
PExprt model
Step 1: Basic topology design in Simplorer
Converter
ConverterLosses:
Losses:1W
1W
(core
(coreonly,
only,no
nowinding
winding
losses
lossesincluded)
included)

“Simple”
“Simple”transformer
transformer
with Jiles-Atherton
with Jiles-Atherton
model
model(No(Noleakage
leakage
inductances,
inductances,no no
winding
windingresistances)
resistances)

Since
Sinceno
noleakage
leakageinductance,
inductance,nono Converter
Converteroutput
output
over-voltage
over-voltageatatthe
theswitch
switch(and
(and voltage
voltage can bechecked
can be checked
MOSFET cannot be selected)
MOSFET cannot be selected) based
basedononduty
dutycycle
cyclechosen
chosen
Step 2: Study saturation effects using JA Model
As
Asload
loadisisincreased
increasedthe
theJiles-Atherton
Jiles-Athertoncore
coremodel
modelshows
showssaturation
saturation

Inductor
InductorSaturation
Saturation

“Simple”
“Simple”Xtrf
Xtrfwith
with
JA
JAModel
Model
Impact
Impactof
ofthe
thesaturation
saturationon
oncurrent
currentwaveform
waveform
 Step 3: Detailed design using PExprt
Easy
Easytransition
transitionfrom
fromSimplorer
Simplorerto
toPExprt
PExprt

Voltage,
Voltage,power,
power,frequency,
frequency,and
and
duty cycle can be input quickly
duty cycle can be input quickly

Use
UsePExprt
PExprt
to include
to include
leakage
leakage
inductance
inductance
and
and
AC
ACwinding
winding
resistance
resistancefor for
MOSFET
MOSFET
selection
selectionand and
for
forefficiency
efficiency
Step 3 (cont): Detailed design using PExprt

PExprt
PExprtdesign
designresults,
results,including
including
performance
performance results and constructivedata
results and constructive data
Step 4: Model Generation with PExprt Modeler [PEmag]

Very
Veryeasy
easyprocedure
proceduretotogenerate
generate
Simplorer
Simplorermodel,
model,including
includingthe
thesymbol
symbol
Step 5: Simplorer analysis using PExprt model

PExprt
PExprt
Transformer
Transformer
Model
Model

Over-Voltage
Over-Voltageat atthe
theSwitch
Switchbecause
because
of Converter
ConverterLosses:
Losses:1.7
1.7W
ofthe
theleakage
leakageInductance
Inductance W
Summary
1) A Well Defined Design Flow Simplorer
PExprt
2) Detailed Design of Magnetic
Components PEmag

3) Design and Simulation of

Complete Circuit and System
Simplorer