ACTIVE VOICE
PRESENT SIMPLE
1. USE: Daily Routines, General
Information, Real Events of the
Nature.
2. AUXILIARY: Action Verbs :DO/DOES
Verb To BE: Am, is, Are
3. KEY WORDS: Every day, week,
month,… Once, Twice, Frequency
Adverbs: Always, Usually, Often,
Sometimes, Hardly Ever (rarely),
Never.
Examples: Action Verbs.
Aff: He usually drinks coffee.
Children play soccer every week.
Neg: He doesn’t usually drink coffee.
Children don’t play soccer every week.
Int: Does he usually drink coffee?
Do children play soccer every week?
Verb To BE:
Aff: My friend is from America.
Neg: My friend isn’t from America.
Int: Is my friend from America?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. USE: Actions happening now. Two
actions happening at the same
time.
2. AUX: AM/ IS/ ARE + Verb ING
3. KEY WORDS: Now, Right Now, at
the moment, at present, today,
this.
Examples:
PASSIVE VOICE
PRESENT SIMPLE
1. USE: Daily Routines, General
Information, Real Events of the
Nature.
2. AUXILIARY: Verb To BE: Am, is, Are
+ Verb PAST PARTICIPLE (3
Column)
3. KEY WORDS: Every day, week,
month,… Once, Twice, Frequency
Adverbs: Always, Usually, Often,
Sometimes, Hardly Ever (rarely),
Never.
Examples:
Aff: Coffee is drunk by him
Soccer is played by the children
Neg: Coffee isn’t drunk by him.
Soccer isn’t played by the children.
Int: Is Coffe drunk by him?
Is soccer played by the children?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. USE: Actions happening now. Two
actions happening at the same
time.
2. AUX: AM/ IS/ ARE + BEING + Verb
PAST PARTICIPLE
3. KEY WORDS: Now, Right Now, at
the moment, at present, today,
this.
Examples:
Aff: I am wearing a brown hat now.
Neg: I’m not wearing a brown hat now.
Int: Are you wearing a brown hat now?
Who is wearing a brown hat now?
PAST SIMPLE
1. USE: Actions started and
completed in the past, Daily
Routines in the Past, General
Information, Sucession of Events.
2. AUX: Action Verbs: DID/DIDN’T
Verb To Be: WAS/WERE
3. KEY WORDS: Last, yesterday, ago,
when.
Example: Action Verbs
Aff: Eiffel designed the Eiffel Tower.
Neg: Eiffel didn’t design the Eiffel Tower.
Int: Did Eiffel design the Eiffel Tower?
Who designed the Eiffel Tower?
Example Verb To BE:
Aff: The boys were at school yesterday.
Neg: The boys weren’t at school yesterday.
Int: Were the boys at school yesterday?
PAST CONTINUOUS
1. USE: Actions started and in
progress in the past. Two actions
happened in the past at the same
time.
2. AUX: WAS/WERE + Verb ING
3. KEY WORDS: While, As, When.
Examples:
Aff: A brown hat is being worn now.
Neg: A brown hat isn’t being worn now.
Int: Is a brown hat being worn now?
PAST SIMPLE
1. USE: Actions started and
completed in the past, Daily
Routines in the Past, General
Information, Sucession of Events.
2. AUX: Verb To Be: WAS/WERE +
Verb in PAST PARTICIPLE
3. KEY WORDS: Last, yesterday, ago,
when.
Example:
Aff: The Eiffel Tower was designed by Eiffel.
Neg: The Eiffel Tower wasn’t designed by
Eiffel.
Int: Was the Eiffel Tower designed by
Eiffel?
PAST CONTINUOUS
1. USE: Actions started and in
progress in the past. Two actions
happened in the past at the same
time.
2. AUX: WAS/WERE + BEING + Verb
PAST PARTICIPLE
3. KEY WORDS: While, As, When.
Examples:
Aff: Mary was sleeping a nap.
Neg: Mary wasn’t sleeping a nap.
Int: Was Mary sleeping a nap?
PRESENT PERFECT
1. USE: Actions started in the past but
they have a result in the present.
2. AUX: HAVE/HAS + Verb in the PAST
PARTICIPLE.
3. KEY WORDS: Just, Already, Yet, For,
Since, How Long, ever, nerver.
Examples:
Aff: She has just eaten an apple.
Neg: She hasn’t eaten an apple.
Int: Has she eaten an apple?
PAST PERFECT
1. USE: Two actions in the past, the
first action happened is the past
perfect.
2. AUX: HAD + Verb in the PAST
PARTICIPLE.
3. KEY WORDS: AFTER, BEFORE
Examples:
Aff: The teacher had started the class when
I arrived.
Neg: The teacher hadn’t started the class
when I arrived.
Int: Had the teacher started the class when
I arrived?
Aff: A nap was being slept by Mary.
Neg: A nap wasn’t being slept by Mary.
Int: Was a nap being slept by Mary?
PRESENT PERFECT
1. USE: Actions started in the past but
they have a result in the present.
2. AUX: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + Verb in
the PAST PARTICIPLE.
3. KEY WORDS: Just, Already, Yet, For,
Since, How Long, ever, nerver.
Examples:
Aff: An apple has just been eaten.
Neg: An apple hasn’t been eaten.
Int: Has an apple been eaten?
PAST PERFECT
1. USE: Two actions in the past, the
first action happened is the past
perfect.
2. AUX: HAD + BEEN + Verb in the
PAST PARTICIPLE.
3. KEY WORDS: AFTER, BEFORE
Examples:
Aff: The class had been started when I
arrived.
Neg: The class hadn’t been started when I
arrived.
Int: Had the class been started when I
arrived?
FUTURE TENSE FUTURE TENSE

WILL WILL

1. USE: Probablilities, promises, 1. USE: Probablilities, promises,

offers, predictions, spot decisions
2. AUX: WILL + Verb present
3. KEY WORDS: Tomorrow, next, if,
maybe, perhaps, think, believe,
hope, probably.
Examples:
Aff: There is no milk left. Ok. I will buy
some.
offers, predictions, spot decisions
2. AUX: WILL BE + Verb PAST
PARTICIPLE
3. KEY WORDS: Tomorrow, next, if,
maybe, perhaps, think, believe,
hope, probably.
Examples:
Aff: Milk will be bought.

Neg: I won’t buy any Neg: Milk won’t be bought.

Int: Will you buy any milk? Int. Will milk be bought?

BE GOING TO: BE GOING TO:

1. USE: Certainty, intentions, 1. USE: Certainty, intentions,

decisions,, predictions based on
the evidence.
2. AUX: AM,IS,ARE+GOING TO + VERB
present
3. KEY WORDS: Imperatives (Look!),
decided, next, tomorrow…
decisions,, predictions based on
the evidence.
2. AUX: AM,IS,ARE+GOING TO BE +
VERB PAST PARTICIPLED
3. KEY WORDS: Imperatives (Look!),
decided, next, tomorrow…

Examples: Examples:

Aff: Lucy is going to bring some books Aff: Some books are going to be brought by
tomorrow Lucy.

Neg: Lucy isn’t going to bring any books Neg: Any books aren’t going to be brought
tomorrow, by Lucy.

Int: Is Lucy going to bring any books? Int: Are any books going to be brought by
Lucy?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS AS FUTURE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS AS FUTURE
1. Use: arrangements, made in
advance, schedules, programmes.
2. AUX: AM, IS, ARE + Verb ING
3. KEY WORDS: Tomorrow, next, this
evening, tonight…
1. Use: arrangements, made in
advance, schedules, programmes.
2. AUX: AM, IS, ARE + BEING + Verb
PAST PARTICIPLE
3. KEY WORDS: Tomorrow, next, this
evening, tonight…
Examples: Examples:

Aff: Bye Peter, I’m calling you this evening. Aff: You are being called by Peter.

Neg: I’m not calling you this evening. Neg: You aren’t being called by Peter.

Int: Am I calling you this evening? Int: Are you being called by Peter?