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Renal Circulation
A. Kidney
1.
Cortex Medulla
Glomerulus
Bomans Capsule
1. Histology
a. Glomerulus (Tuff of capillaries)
1. Capillary, thin
walled,
fenestrated
with large
pores, no
diaphragm in
pores
2. Pores larger and more numerous than other
porous epithelia
3. Mesangial Cells, between capillaries, under
pododcyte layer, processes supporting Capillaries
b. Bowmans Capsule
1. Visceral Layer (contact with glomerulus)
1. Podocytes - a Primary process & secondary
processes; cell body does not touch capillary
The Secondary processes wrap around the
capillary
Contacts the basement membrane (fusion of
capillary & podocyte bm) directly
Form filtration slits ~25nm wide
2. Parietal Layer (external, outer wall)
1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
3. Basement membrane with a thin layer of elastic
fibers
2. Funtion
. Highly Permeable To Small Solutes
a. Selectively Permeable To Large Solutes,
b. Charged Molecules Blocked
c. Neutral Passes More Easily
d. 180 liters per day
C. Proximal Convoluted Tubule, PCT
1. Histology
. Cuboidal epithelium with round, centrally loacted nucleus
a. Cytoplasm, acidophilic
b. Cell margins difficult to see
c. Lumen, large in living, collapsed(reduced) in fixed tissue
d. Brush border ( Microvilli
e. Base of cells folded with many mitochondria.
2. Funtion
. Reabsorption (90% of solutes)& Secretion
a. 100% of glucose reabsorbed
b. Water reabsorption by osmosis
c. Active Transport & Passive Diffusion
D. Loop Of Henle
1. Histology
. Descending limb, thin with wide lumen
a. Ascending limb, thin segment,
squamous epithelium
Thick segment resembles DCT
2. Funtion
. Counter Current
a. Produces Sodium concentration gradient
in renal medulla
E. Distal Donvoluted Tubule, DCT
1. Histology
. Cuboidal Epithelium
a. Smaller than PCT, more cells per cross section
b. Less Acidophilic cytoplasm
c. No Brush Border, Larger Lumen
d. Poor lateral margins
2. Funtion
. Secretion of uric acid, ammonia, creatinine
a. Aldosterone Na+ in and K+ out
F. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JD)
1. Histology (photo right, JD arrow )
. Includes Macula Densa, below
a. Modified smooth muscle cells of the
Tunica media of Afferent Arteriole
b. More epithelial like
c. Nuclei, flattened oval, cigar shaped,
d. Internal Elastic membrane not present in
this area
e. Granular cytoplasm, stains with PAS
f. EM, characteristics of protein secretion
2. Function:
. Enhances Blood Pressure
Control Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
a. Renin (hormone) Production (produces Angiotensin, vasoconstrictor)
b. Acts on Angiotensin => Angiotensin I (10 amino acids)
c. Lung endotheliun produces a converting enzyme
d. Acts on Angiotensin i => Angiotensin II (8 amino acids)
G. Macula Densa
1. Histology (photo right, longitudinal cut, cells MD arrow )
. Region of DCT that passes between the Afferent and Efferent Arteriole
a. In contact with Afferent Arteriole
b. Next to Juxtaglomerular Cells, see Above
c. Cells: Columnar, Closely packed, Transfers data on filtrate
osmolarity??
Note Photo at right, labeled and Photo under Renal corpuscle above)
1. Histology
a. Straight throug Cortex and Medulla, open in a renal papilla
b. Small collecting ducts = Cuboidal Epithelium
c. Large collecting ducts, near Papilla = Columnar Epithelium
d. Cytoplasm stains weakly, clear halo around nucleus
e. Clear Lateral margins
2. Funtion
a. Impermeable to water
b. ADH controls permeability to water
c. Transports filtrate and Empties into Calyces of renal pelvis
Urethra Histology