Fișe Legal Text

1.
AMENDMENT
1. Term Amendment
2. Definition The act of amending or correcting, a statement that is added to or revises or

improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)
2.1. Source Dictionary+
3. Example Moreover, Moldovan law was subjected to a thorough analysis when it

requested membership of the Council of Europe (see Opinion No. 188 (1995)
of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly on the application by
Moldova for membership of the Council of Europe), with amendments
proposed to ensure compatibility with the Convention, which Moldova finally
ratified in 1997.
3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf
4. Origin From French amendement, from ll. Amendamentum.
5. Synonym Rectification, correction, remedy, reform, change, revision, improvement,

enhancement.
6 Translation Amendament, rectificare, imbunatatire, schimbare.
2. APPEAL
1. Term Appeal
2. Definition A legal proceedings in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the
purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the
lower court’s judgment or the granting of a new trial.
3. Example It is essentially on the basis of the reasons given in these decisions and of the well-
documented facts stated by the applicant in his appeals that the Court is called upon
to decide whether or not there has been a violation of Article 5 § 3 (see, among other
authorities, Kudła, cited above, § 110, and Idalov, cited above, § 141).
4. Origin From Old French apeler, from Latin appello.
5. Synonym Legal proceedings, proceedings, lawsuit, retrial, fresh consideration, claim,

application, plea, petition, pray, plead.
6 Translation Recurs, apel, petitie.

3. APPLICANT
1. Term Applicant
2. Definition A person who request or seeks something such as assistance or employment or
admission.
3. Example The applicant was a minority shareholder in and the CEO of a liquefied gas supply
company from southern Moldova in which the State owned 82% of the shares.

4. Origin From Latin applicans, present participle of applicare.
5. Synonym Claimant, respondent.
6 Translation Reclamant, solicitant,postulant.
4. APPLICATION
1. Term Application
2. Definition A formal, usually written request that is submitted to an authority, in our case
in front of the court.
3. Example The case originated in an application (no. 23755/07) against the Republic of
Moldova lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by
a Moldovan national, Mr Petru Buzadji (“the applicant”), on 29 May 2007.
4. Origin Late Middle Ebglish applicacioun, from Old French aplicacion (French
application), from Latin applicationem, accusative singular of applicatio, from
applico.
5. Synonym Petition, postulation, request, claim, form, letter, demand, appeal.
6 Translation Cerere, petitie.
5. CASE
1. Term Case
2. Definition A comprehensive term for any proceedings in a court of law whereby an
individual seeks a legal remedy.
3. Example The case originated in an application (no. 23755/07) against the Republic of Moldova
lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Moldovan
national, Mr Petru Buzadji (“the applicant”), on 29 May 2007.

4. Origin Capitalization by Noam Chomsky.
5. Synonym Lawsuit, folder, chamber, suitcase, litigation, claim, trial, petition, proceedings.
6 Translation Cauza, proces.
6. COMPENSATION
1. Term Compensation
2. Definition The act of compensanting given as payment or reparation for a service or

injury.
3. Example He had himself requested to be placed under house arrest, and the decision to
do so had constituted compensation for any possible violation of Article 5 § 3
which had taken place prior to the measure.
4. Origin From Old French compensacion, from Latin compensationem, accusative

singular of compensatio.
5. Synonym Reparation, settlement, restitution, reward.
6 Translation Despagubire, compensatie, recompensa.

7. COMPLAINT
1. Term Complaint
2. Definition (civil law) The first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the
claim for relief is based. (criminal law) A pleading describing some wrong or
offense.
3. Example The Moldovan Government in their letter dated 16 June 2011 gave a detailed
account of the developments which had taken place after 29 June 2007. They also
stated that they would not address these developments “bearing in mind the
applicant’s complaints and the limits of the notification [given] by the Court”.
4. Origin From Middle English compleynte, from xno complaint, from compleindre.
5. Synonym Charge, pleading, accusation, plaint.
6 Translation Plingere, reclamatie.
8. CONVENTION
1. Term Convention
2. Definition An international agreement, the act of convening about something.
3. Example The case originated in an application (no. 23755/07) against the Republic of Moldova
lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Moldovan
national, Mr Petru Buzadji (“the applicant”), on 29 May 2007.
4. Origin Recorded since c. 1440, a convention, from Latin convention, from convenio,
from con+venio.
5. Synonym Accord, treaty, protocol, rule, law, canon.
6 Translation Conventie, accord, contract, canon.

9. COURT
1. Term Court
2. Definition An assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business; a

room in which a lawsuit sits; a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or
by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws.
3. Example In the event of the Court rejecting their above-mentioned objection of non-
exhaustion of domestic remedies, the Government argued by way of an alternative
submission that the applicant could not claim to be a “victim” in the sense of Article
34 of the Convention for the purposes of his complaint under Article 5 § 3 about his
house arrest.
4. Origin -------------------
5. Synonym Tribunal, courtroom, court of justice, court of law, lawcourt.
6 Translation Curte, tribunal, judecatorie.
10. CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

1. Term Criminal prosecution
2. Definition The institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for
criminal behaviour.
3. Example They also referred to the cases of Țopa v. Moldova ((dec.), no. 25451/08, 14
September 2010), Mătăsaru and Savițchi v. Moldova (no. 38281/08, §§ 60-76,
2 November 2010) and Bisir and Tulus v. Moldova (no. 42973/05, §§ 21 et
seq., 17 May 2011) in support of their assertion that compensation for
wrongful prosecution or conviction could be claimed under Law no. 1545.
4. Origin (Criminal) From Middle English, from xno criminal, from ll. Criminalis, from
Latin crimen. (Prosecution) From Middle French prosecution, from ll.
Prosecution, from Latin prosequor, from pro+sequor.
5. Synonym Prosecution.
6 Translation Urmarire penala.

11. DECISION
1. Term Decision
2. Definition Ajudgment reached after consideration.

3. Example On 8 May 2007 the Chişinău Court of Appeal upheld the decision of 5 May
2007, essentially repeating the grounds given by the lower court without giving
any reasons for dismissing the arguments put forward by the applicant.
4. Origin From Middle French, from Latin decision, decisionis, from decido.
5. Synonym Conclusion, judgment, settlement, agreement, verdict, resolution, final result,
ruling.
6 Translation Decizie, hotarire, judecata, sentinta, concluzie.
12. DEFENCE
1. Term Defence
2. Definition A defendant’s answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him.
3. Example In his defence the applicant argued that his company could not purchase gas directly
from the producers, because the minimum quantity which the producers agreed to
sell exceeded his company’s needs for a period of five years.
4. Origin From French defense, from Latin defensa.
5. Synonym Denial, demurrer, statement.
6 Translation Pledoarie, aparare.

13. DEFENDANT
1. Term Defendant
2. Definition An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
3. Example Some were under investigation before trial. Others had been charged and were
defendants at court proceedings.
4. Origin c. 1400, in the legal sense, from French défendant, present participle of défendre
(see defend). Earliest use in English was as a present participle adjective meaning
"defending" (c. 1300).
5. Synonym Accused
6 Translation Acuzat
14. ENFORCEMENT
1. Term Enfoecement
2. Definition The act of enforcing, ensuring observance of or obedience to especiale before a
lawsuit.
3. Example
Article 176. Reasons for applying preventive measures
(1) Preventive measures may be applied by the prosecuting authority or by the

court only in those cases where there are sufficient reasonable grounds for
believing that an accused ... will abscond, obstruct the establishment of the
truth during the criminal proceedings or reoffend, or they can be applied by the
court in order to ensure the enforcement of a sentence.
4. Origin From Old French enforcement, see enforce+ment.
5. Synonym Application, prosecution, imposition, execution.
6 Translation Emitere, executare, sanctionare.
15. FELONY
1. Term Felony
2. Definition A crime regarded in the US and many other judicial systems as more serious
than a misdemeanour.
3. Example If convicted on the felony charge, he could lose his right to work in the United States.
4. Origin c. 1300, "treachery, betrayal; deceit; villainy, wickedness, sin, crime; violent temper,
wrath; ruthlessness; evil intention," from Old French felonie (12c.) "wickedness, evil,
treachery, perfidy, crime, cruelty, sin," from Gallo-Roman *fellonia, from fellonem
"evil-doer" (see felon).
5. Synonym Crime
6 Translation Crima
16. IN FINE
1. Term In fine
2. Definition Finally; in short; to sum up.
3. Example Article 37 § 1 in fine includes the proviso that:
4. Origin Latin
5. Synonym Finally
6 Translation In concluzie
17. JUDGE
1. Term Judge
2. Definition A public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of
justice.
3. Example Article 5 § 3 of the Convention. The Chamber was composed of Josep Casadevall,
President, Luis López Guerra, Ján Šikuta, Dragoljub Popović, Kristina Pardalos, Valeriu
Griţco and Iulia Antoanella Motoc, judges, and also Stephen Phillips, Section
Registrar. Four judges (Josep Casadevall, Luis López Guerra, Dragoljub Popović and
Iulia AntoanellaMotoc) expressed separate opinions. On 16 March 2015, under
Article 43 of the Convention, the Government requested the referral of the case to
the Grand Chamber. The panel of the Grand Chamber acceded to this request on 20
April 2015.

4. Origin From Middle English jugge, juge, juggen, jugen, from old French juge, juger,
ultimately from Latin indicenu, from index, from ins+dicus.
5. Synonym Jurist, justice,referee, court authority, peacemaker, the justice of the piece.
6 Translation Judecator.
18. JUDICIAL DECISION

1. Term Judicial Decision
2. Definition The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to

it.
3. Example Accordingly, it cannot automatically regard as unlawful, for the limited

purposes of the Convention, the decisions taken by the courts of an
unrecognised entity purely because of the latter’s unlawful nature and the fact
that it is not internationally recognised.
4. Origin (Jurisdiction) From Latin indicialis. (Decision) From Middle French, from
Latin decision, decisionis, from decido.
5. Synonym Judgment, Final decision, final judgment.
6 Translation Hotarire judecatoreasca.

19. JUDJMENT
1. Term Judgment
2. Definition The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to

it.
3. Example Furthermore, it notes that the Court of Appeal failed to give an answer to this
objection raised by the applicant. There is no indication in the judgments that the
courts took into account such an important factor as the applicant’s behaviour,
between the beginning of the investigation in July 2006 and the moment when first
ordering his remand in custody.
4. Origin From Old French jugement, from ll.indicamentum.
5. Synonym Judicial decision, sentence, verdict, ruling, punishment.
6 Translation Hotarire judecatoreasca, judecata, sentinta.
20. LAWYER
1. Term Lawyer
2. Definition A professional person authorized to practice law, conducts lawsuits or gives
legal advice.
3. Example One of his lawyers asked the court to order a less severe measure such as, for
instance, house arrest, in place of the detention.
4. Origin Frpm Middle English lawyer,lawer, equivalent to law+yer.
5. Synonym Attorney, counselor, defender, jurist, jurisprudent, pleader, attorney-at-law,
legal adviser.
6 Translation Avocat, jurist, jurisconsult.
21. OFFENCE
1. Term Offence
2. Definition An act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.
3. Example Since the applicant did not claim in the proceedings before the Court that there was
no reasonable suspicion that he had committed an offence, the Court does not
consider it necessary to examine this issue.
4. Origin From Old French offense, from Latin offense.
5. Synonym Criminal offence, crime, law-breaking.
6 Translation Delict, ofensa, crima, incalcare a legii.
22. PECUNIARY
1. Term Pecuniary
2. Definition Material harm that is relating to money.

3. Example The Government did not submit any comment regarding the non-pecuniary damage
claimed by the applicant.

4. Origin From Latin pecuniarius, from pecunia.
5. Synonym Monetary
6 Translation Daune materiale
23. PLAINTIFF
1. Term Plaintiff
2. Definition A person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
3. Example The plaintiffs sued the defendant alleging that he had been negligent in a
number of ways.
4. Origin c. 1400, from Anglo-French pleintif (late 13c.), noun use of Old French plaintif
"complaining; wretched, miserable," from plainte (see plaint). Identical with plaintive
at first; the form that receded into legal usage retained the older -iff spelling.
5. Synonym Litigator
6 Translation Acuzator
24. PROVISION
1. Term Provision
2. Definition A stipulated condition.
3. Example Three strands of reasoning in particular may be identified as running through

the Court’s case-law: the exhaustive nature of the exceptions, which must be
interpreted strictly (see Ciulla v. Italy, 22 February 1989, § 41, Series A no.
148) and which do not allow for the broad range of justifications under other
provisions (Articles 8 to 11 of the Convention in particular); the repeated
emphasis on the lawfulness of the detention, both procedural and substantive,
requiring scrupulous adherence to the rule of law (see Winterwerp v. the
Netherlands, 24 October 1979, § 39, Series A no. 33); and the importance of
the promptness or speediness of the requisite judicial controls (under Article 5
§§ 3 and 4) (see McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, § 34, ECHR
2006-X).
4. Origin From Old French provision, from Latin provisio, from providere.
5. Synonym Proviso, arrangement.
6 Translation Prevedere, dispozitie.

25. REGISTER
1. Term Register
2. Definition A person employed to keep a record of court actions.

3. Example Søren Prebensen, Deputy Grand Chamber Registrar,

4. Origin From ml.registrum, from ll.regesta, from Latin regerere, from re+gerere.
5. Synonym Court reporter.
6 Translation Grefier
26. RESPONDENT
1. Term Respondent
2. Definition A party against whom a petition is filed, especially one in an appeal or a

divorce case.
3. Example The Court reiterates that, according to Rule 55 of the Rules of Court, any plea
of inadmissibility must, in so far as its character and the circumstances permit,
be raised by the respondent Contracting Party in its written or oral observations
on the admissibility of the application (see Svinarenko and Slyadnevv. Russia
[GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, § 79, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).
4. Origin 1520s, "one who answers," from Latin respondentem (nominative respondens),
present participle of respondere
5. Synonym Litigator
6 Translation Acuzator
27. SANCTION
1. Term Sanction
2. Definition A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
3. Example On 24 September 2008 the justice of the peace of Verkhovskiy District, Orel
Region, found the applicant guilty of infliction of bodily harm through
negligence, did not impose any sanction due to the expiry of the time-limit for
criminal prosecution and partly granted a civil suit against him.
4. Origin c. 1400, from Anglo-French pleintif (late 13c.), noun use of Old French plaintif
"complaining; wretched, miserable," from plainte (see plaint). Identical with
plaintive at first; the form that receded into legal usage retained the older -iff
spelling.
5. Synonym Penality
6 Translation Pedeapsa, sanctiune
28. TESTIMONY
1. Term Testimony
2. Definition A solemn statement made under oath.
3. Example In practice witnesses testifying in court are very often asked simply whether
they confirm the testimony they gave to the investigating judge.
4. Origin From Latin testimonium, from testis.
5. Synonym Evidence, declaration, statement.
6 Translation Marturie, declaratie.

29. VIOLATION
1. Term Violation
2. Definition A crime less serious than a felony; an act that disregards an agreement or a
right, entry to another’s property without right or permission.
3. Example In a judgment delivered on 16 December 2014 a Chamber of that Section declared

the application admissible, and found by a majority that there had been a violation of
Article 5 § 3 of the Convention.
4. Origin -------------
5. Synonym Infraction, infringement, breach, misdemeanor, crime, criminal-offence, law-

breaking, offence, trespass, misbehaviour.
6 Translation Infractiune, incalcarea legii, atentat, crima.
30. WITNESS
1. Term Witness
2. Definition (law) A person who testifies under oath in a court of law.
3. Example In any event, the grounds relied upon by the prosecutor were stereotyped and the
prosecutor had failed to explain the reasons for his belief that the applicant would
attempt to influence witnesses and reoffend.
4. Origin From Middle English witnesse, from Old English witness, equivalent to
wit+ness.
5. Synonym Eyewitness, testimony, testifier,
6 Translation Martor.

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1.

2. Definition The act of amending or correcting, a statement that is added to or revises or

3. Example Moreover, Moldovan law was subjected to a thorough analysis when it

4. Origin From French amendement, from ll. Amendamentum.

5. Synonym Rectification, correction, remedy, reform, change, revision, improvement,

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

4. Origin From Old French apeler, from Latin appello.

5. Synonym Legal proceedings, proceedings, lawsuit, retrial, fresh consideration, claim,

6 Translation Recurs, apel, petitie.

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

2. Definition The act of compensanting given as payment or reparation for a service or

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

4. Origin From Old French compensacion, from Latin compensationem, accusative

6 Translation Despagubire, compensatie, recompensa.

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

5. Synonym Charge, pleading, accusation, plaint.

6 Translation Plingere, reclamatie.

2. Definition An international agreement, the act of convening about something.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

6 Translation Conventie, accord, contract, canon.

2. Definition An assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business; a

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

5. Synonym Tribunal, courtroom, court of justice, court of law, lawcourt.

6 Translation Curte, tribunal, judecatorie.

10. CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

6 Translation Urmarire penala.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

2.1. Source Dictionary+

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

4. Origin From French defense, from Latin defensa.

5. Synonym Denial, demurrer, statement.

6 Translation Pledoarie, aparare.

2. Definition An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

(1) Preventive measures may be applied by the prosecuting authority or by the

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

2. Definition Finally; in short; to sum up.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

3. Example Article 37 § 1 in fine includes the proviso that:

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

18. JUDICIAL DECISION

2. Definition The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to

3. Example Accordingly, it cannot automatically regard as unlawful, for the limited

6 Translation Hotarire judecatoreasca.

2. Definition The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

4. Origin From Old French jugement, from ll.indicamentum.

5. Synonym Judicial decision, sentence, verdict, ruling, punishment.

6 Translation Hotarire judecatoreasca, judecata, sentinta.

2. Definition An act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

4. Origin From Old French offense, from Latin offense.

5. Synonym Criminal offence, crime, law-breaking.

6 Translation Delict, ofensa, crima, incalcare a legii.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

3.1. Source http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Cases_list_2016_ENG.pdf

2. Definition A person who brings a case against another in a court of law.

2.1. Source Dictionary+

2. Definition A stipulated condition.