The simple spreadsheet format of this program imposes some limitations.

Some combinations of data will crash the program and, because you can only change one entry at a time,
it is likely that unstable situations will occur when you try to make radical changes to the layout.
If the geometry is impractical - say the combined lengths of the steering arm and trackrod are too short,
(or too long) ever to fit - it will crash.

After a crash, you will need to 'Reset' the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program that creates the diagram.
To do this, Click the Visual Basic Editor icon in the VB toolbar.
If it isn't shown, select View|Toolbars then click Visual Basic if it isn't already 'checked'.
Find the Visual Basic Editor icon by passing the cursor over the icons until the Tool Tip pops up to identify it.
Click on it to show the Editor screen.You will find that the program has stuck on the highlighted line.
Click on Run|Reset, then go back to the usual spreadsheet screen by clicking the 'XL' (Excel) icon,
usually found on the extreme left of the Toolbar, when the Editor is showing.

Another limitation is the inability automatically to update the diagram when new information is entered.
Follow the instructions given on the diagram screen to delete old lines.
Erase any remaining lines by clicking on them individually and pressing Delete.
e entry at a time,

are too short,

at creates the diagram.

ops up to identify it.

tion is entered.
Half Axle 25 inches
Half Rack 7 14.00
Steering Arm -3 Draw turn
centres
Track Rod 20 on 12.00
Rack Back -8

Steer angle difference (degrees)

diagram
Wheelbase 83
Static toe-in (per wheel) 0 degrees 10.00
0
Front tyre slip angle 10 degrees 0.17
Rear tyre slip angle 10 degrees 0.178.00

Steer arm angle (static) 25.4 degrees 6.00

Arm - rod angle (static) 79.9 degrees
Ackermann effect (static) 158 per cent 4.00
Schematic layout
2.00
half axle
steering arm 0.00
rack back
arm-rod angle CL -2.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
track rod
half rack Rack travel (inches)
steer arm angle

Positive (pulling on trackrod) Negative (pushing)

Rack Travel alpha cos term beta cos term tan term alpha cos termbeta cos term tan term
0 0.03 0.1750000 -0.44 0.03 -0.44
0.02 0.03 -0.44 0.02 -0.44
0.04 0.04 -0.45 0.01 -0.44
0.06 0.04 -0.45 0.01 -0.44
0.08 0.05 -0.45 0 -0.44
0.1 0.06 -0.45 -0.01 -0.44
0.2 0.09 -0.45 -0.04 -0.44
0.3 0.12 -0.45 -0.07 -0.44
0.4 0.15 -0.45 -0.1 -0.43
0.5 0.18 -0.46 -0.13 -0.43
0.6 0.21 -0.46 -0.16 -0.43
0.7 0.24 -0.46 -0.19 -0.43
0.8 0.27 -0.47 -0.22 -0.43
0.9 0.31 -0.47 -0.25 -0.42
1 0.34 -0.47 -0.27 -0.42
1.1 0.37 -0.47 -0.3 -0.42
1.2 0.4 -0.48 -0.33 -0.42
1.3 0.43 -0.48 -0.36 -0.41
1.4 0.47 -0.48 -0.39 -0.41
1.5 0.5 -0.48 -0.42 -0.41
1.6 0.53 -0.49 -0.45 -0.41
1.7 0.56 -0.49 -0.48 -0.41
1.8 0.6 -0.49 -0.51 -0.4
1.9 0.63 -0.5 -0.54 -0.4
2 0.66 -0.5 -0.56 -0.4
 Actual wheel angles
80.0

60.0

40.0

Steer angles / radius

Column Q 20.0 Colum

Column AB Colum
Colum
Colum
0.0 Colum

-20.0

-40.0

1.5 2 2.5
-60.0
(inches) 0 2
Rack travel (inch)

ACOS term ATAN term Theta pull Theta push Mean Diff
88.55 -23.96 25.42 88.55 -23.96 25.42 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
88.19 -23.99 25.79 88.90 -23.94 25.04 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0
87.84 -24.01 26.17 89.25 -23.92 24.67 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0
87.49 -24.03 26.54 89.60 -23.89 24.30 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0
87.14 -24.06 26.92 89.95 -23.87 23.92 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0
86.79 -24.08 27.29 90.29 -23.84 23.55 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0
85.02 -24.20 29.18 92.04 -23.73 21.69 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0
83.24 -24.32 31.08 93.78 -23.61 19.84 5.7 5.6 5.6 0.1
81.45 -24.44 32.99 95.51 -23.50 17.99 7.6 7.4 7.5 0.1
79.65 -24.57 34.92 97.24 -23.39 16.14 9.5 9.3 9.4 0.2
77.82 -24.69 36.87 98.98 -23.27 14.29 11.5 11.1 11.3 0.3
75.98 -24.82 38.84 100.72 -23.16 12.45 13.4 13.0 13.2 0.5
74.11 -24.94 40.83 102.46 -23.05 10.60 15.4 14.8 15.1 0.6
72.22 -25.07 42.85 104.20 -22.94 8.74 17.4 16.7 17.1 0.8
70.30 -25.20 44.90 105.95 -22.83 6.88 19.5 18.5 19.0 0.9
68.35 -25.33 46.98 107.72 -22.73 5.01 21.6 20.4 21.0 1.2
66.36 -25.46 49.10 109.49 -22.62 3.13 23.7 22.3 23.0 1.4
64.34 -25.60 51.26 111.28 -22.51 1.24 25.8 24.2 25.0 1.7
62.27 -25.73 53.46 113.08 -22.41 -0.67 28.0 26.1 27.1 2.0
60.16 -25.87 55.71 114.90 -22.31 -2.60 30.3 28.0 29.2 2.3
57.99 -26.00 58.02 116.74 -22.20 -4.54 32.6 30.0 31.3 2.6
55.75 -26.14 60.39 118.61 -22.10 -6.51 35.0 31.9 33.4 3.0
53.45 -26.28 62.83 120.50 -22.00 -8.50 37.4 33.9 35.7 3.5
51.06 -26.42 65.36 122.43 -21.90 -10.53 39.9 35.9 37.9 4.0
48.59 -26.57 67.98 124.39 -21.80 -12.59 42.6 38.0 40.3 4.6
 25 22.5 Half Axle
7 14 Half Rack
ual wheel angles -3 4 Steering Arm
20.5 7 Track Rod
-8 5 Rack Back
83 86 Wheelbase
0 0 Static toe-in (per wheel)
0 0 Front tyre slip angle
0 0 Rear tyre slip angle

These datasets can be copied and pasted to cells B1 to B9,

Column N to illustrate front and rear-mounted racks.
Column X
Column Q
Column Y
Column AA

2
ck travel (inch)

Diff/mean Turn Radius Langensperger beta acos term beta Arm-rod angle Theta right Radius ft
0.0 Infinite 0.00 79.9 56.0 79.9 0.0
-0.1 12710 0.00 -0.4 1059.20
0.2 6355 -0.01 -0.7 529.57
0.3 4236 -0.01 -1.1 353.01
0.4 3177 -0.02 -1.5 264.72
0.5 2541 -0.04 -1.9 211.74
1.0 1268 -0.15 -3.7 105.71
1.4 843 -0.33 -5.6 70.29
1.9 630 -0.59 -7.4 52.53
2.4 502 -0.92 -9.3 41.82
2.9 416 -1.33 -11.1 34.65
3.4 354 -1.81 -13.0 29.50
3.9 307 -2.36 -14.8 25.60
4.4 271 -2.99 -16.7 22.54
5.0 241 -3.69 -18.5 20.08
5.5 216 -4.47 -20.4 18.03
6.1 196 -5.32 -22.3 16.31
6.6 178 -6.25 -24.2 14.83
7.2 162 -7.24 -26.1 13.54
7.8 149 -8.31 -28.0 12.40
8.4 137 -9.45 -30.0 11.39
9.1 126 -10.66 -31.9 10.47
9.8 116 -11.93 -33.9 9.64
10.5 106 -13.27 -35.9 8.87
11.3 98 -14.67 -38.0 8.16
in (per wheel)

sted to cells B1 to B9,

Radius withTurn
slip centre fwd
Langensperger
mean-slip
slip Radius Forward of front axle
-10.0
1028.44 2176.1 -0.04 -9.6 12341 2093
514.78 1089.2 -0.07 -9.3 6177 1006
343.55 726.9 -0.11 -8.9 4123 644
257.92 545.7 -0.14 -8.5 3095 463
206.53 437.0 -0.16 -8.1 2478 354
103.70 219.4 -0.25 -6.3 1244 136
69.35 146.7 -0.26 -4.4 832 64
52.13 110.3 -0.20 -2.5 626 27
41.75 88.3 -0.06 -0.6 501 5
34.79 73.6 0.15 1.3 417 -9
29.79 63.0 0.45 3.2 357 -20
26.01 55.0 0.82 5.1 312 -28
23.05 48.8 1.27 7.1 277 -34
20.65 43.7 1.81 9.0 248 -39
18.67 39.5 2.42 11.0 224 -43
17.00 36.0 3.12 13.0 204 -47
15.56 32.9 3.90 15.0 187 -50
14.31 30.3 4.76 17.1 172 -53
13.21 27.9 5.71 19.2 159 -55
12.22 25.9 6.74 21.3 147 -57
11.34 24.0 7.86 23.4 136 -59
10.53 22.3 9.07 25.7 126 -61
9.79 20.7 10.35 27.9 117 -62
9.10 19.2 11.73 30.3 109 -64
Half plan view of steering geometry If you want to display the turn centres, check the box on the 'Data'
Ackermann 158 percent Scale OK
You have to erase the drawings manually
Click on the arrow near the 'Draw' in lower left corner.
Left click and drag a box to enclose all the lines making up the drawing.
Release to close the box. Press 'Del' to erase the lines.
Click on the 'Draw' arrow to cancel it.
A new drawing will be done when you enter new data into the spreadsheet.
This procedure is necessary because Microsoft appears not to include automatic facilities for redrawing in the VBA language built into Excel.
Blue crosses show turn centre at indicated rack travel and turn radius
entres, check the box on the 'Data' sheet.

e VBA language built into Excel.